Color correction
Different output devices reproduce colors in various ways, so color correction, or
color matching, is required. Most operating systems come with color correction
software; ICM for Windows and ColorSync for Macintosh.
Emulsion side
The photosensitive side of the film -- consists of a photosensitive chemical layer
(emulsion) that is applied to the base.
Gamma correction
Different output devices reproduce contrast values differently, so gamma
correction (contrast adjustment) is required. This is also referred to as density
correction.
Pixel
Computers and other digital devices produce an image as a collection of dots.
These dots on a screen are referred to as pixels (picture elements). Computers treat
each pixel as a single set of data. The number of bits used to define each pixel
determines the available number of colors and tones (i.e., the number of different
appearances each pixel can take).
Primary colors
Devices read and represent all colors as some combination of three primary colors.
Scanners and monitors use red, green, and blue (RGB), while printers use cyan,
magenta, and yellow (CMY). Printers may also add black ink in order to get true
black reproduction -- referred to as the CMYK system, where the “K” denotes black.
Resolution
Measurement of the definition of an image, in dots (or pixels) per inch (dpi). Higher
resolutions provide greater detail. By matching the scan resolution to the resolution
of the destination device (screen, printer, etc.), the scanner can fully utilize the
capabilities of other devices.
Scan
The scanner “reads” an image by passing a sensor across the image and then
moving slightly down the image. It repeats this process until the entire image has
been read. The scanner must therefore control movements in two directions, the
scan direction (the horizontal movement of the sensor as it reads the data), and the
subscan direction (the vertical movement of the film).
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface -- Standard interface for connecting computers to
peripheral devices such as hard disks and scanners. Devices connect together in a
“daisy chain” configuration.
Tone
Film images include continuous (infinite) tonal variations between absolute dark
and absolute light. Computers and other digital devices have finite tonal ranges,
and must therefore break the true tonal range into 64, 256, or other certain tonal
ranges.
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