P44x/EN AP/E33
Application Notes
Page 28/220
MiCOM P441/P442 & P444
Z1 G/F (Optional)
Z1 G/F (Normal)
ZMO
P3048ENa
FIGURE 5 - ZONE 1 REACH CONSIDERATIONS
2.7.10
Effect of Mutual Coupling on Zone 2 Setting
If the double circuit line to be protected is long and there is a relatively short adjacent line, it
is difficult to set the reach of the zone 2 elements to cover 120% of the protected line
impedance for all faults, but not more than 50% of the adjacent line. This problem can be
exacerbated when a significant additional allowance has to be made for the zero-sequence
mutual impedance in the case of earth faults (see Section 2.4.6). For parallel circuit
operation the relay Zone 2 earth fault elements will tend to underreach. Therefore, it is
desirable to boost the setting of the earth fault elements such that they will have a
comparable reach to the phase fault elements. Increasing the residual compensation factor
kZ2 for zone 2 will ensure adequate fault coverage.
Under single circuit operation, no mutual coupling exists, and the zone 2 earth fault elements
may overreach beyond 50% of the adjacent line, necessitating time discrimination with other
Zone 2 elements. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the earth fault settings to that of the
phase fault elements for single circuit operation, as shown in Figure 5. Changing between
appropriate settings can be achieved by using the alternative setting groups available in the
relay series relays.
Z2 ' Boost ' G/F
Z2 ' Reduced ' G/F
(i) Group 1
(ii) Group 2
Z2 PH
Z2 PH
ZMO
P3049ENa
FIGURE 6 - MUTUAL COUPLING EXAMPLE - ZONE 2 REACH CONSIDERATIONS
Summary of Contents for MiCOM P441
Page 1: ...MiCOM P441 P442 P444 Numerical Distance Protection VC2 x Technical Guide P44x EN T E44...
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Page 4: ...P44x EN T E44 Technical Guide Page 2 2 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 5: ...Pxxxx EN SS C11 SAFETY SECTION...
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Page 8: ...Pxxxx EN SS C11 Page 2 10 Safety Section BLANK PAGE...
Page 17: ...Update Documentation P44x EN AD E44 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 UPDATE DOCUMENTATION VERSION C2 X...
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Page 22: ...P44x EN AD E44 Update Documentation Page 4 82 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 23: ...Update Documentation P44x EN AD E44 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 Page 5 82 P44X EN IT E33 INTRODUCTION...
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Page 96: ...P44x EN AD E44 Update Documentation Page 78 82 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
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Page 100: ...P44x EN AD E44 Update Documentation Page 82 82 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 101: ...Introduction P44x EN IT E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 INTRODUCTION...
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Page 104: ...P44x EN IT E33 Introduction Page 2 24 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 127: ...Relay Description P44x EN HW E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 RELAY DESCRIPTION...
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Page 132: ...P44x EN HW E33 Relay Description Page 4 44 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 152: ...P44x EN HW E33 Relay Description Page 24 44 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 Example isolated AC fault...
Page 153: ...Relay Description P44x EN HW E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 Page 25 44...
Page 173: ...Application Notes P44x EN AP E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 APPLICATION NOTES...
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Page 180: ...P44x EN AP E33 Application Notes Page 6 220 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 357: ...Application Notes P44x EN AP E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 Page 183 220...
Page 364: ...P44x EN AP E33 Application Notes Page 190 220 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 394: ...P44x EN AP E33 Application Notes Page 220 220 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 395: ...Technical Data P44x EN TD E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 TECHNICAL DATA...
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Page 400: ...P44x EN TD E33 Technical Data Page 4 30 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 427: ...Installation P44x EN IN E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 INSTALLATION...
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Page 430: ...P44x EN IN E33 Installation Page 2 10 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 438: ...P44x EN IN E33 Installation Page 10 10 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 439: ...Commissioning P44x EN CM E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 COMMISSIONING...
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Page 494: ...P44x EN CM E33 Commissioning Page 54 54 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
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Page 498: ...P44x EN RS E33 Commissioning Test Record Sheets Page 2 10 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 507: ...Connection Diagrams P44x EN CO E33 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS...
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Page 510: ...P44x EN CO E33 Connection Diagrams Page 2 12 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 520: ...P44x EN CO E33 Connection Diagrams Page 12 12 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
Page 521: ...Courrier Data Base P44x EN GC E44 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 CONFIGURATION MAPPING...
Page 610: ...Courier Data Base P44x EN GC E44 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 DEFAULT PROGRAMMABLE SCHEME LOGIC PSL...
Page 615: ...Menu Content Tables P44x EN HI E44 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 MENU CONTENT TABLES...
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Page 634: ...P44x EN VC E44 Hardware Software Version Page 8 8 MiCOM P441 P442 P444 BLANK PAGE...
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