Product Manual for IonPac CS16
Page 3 of 65
SECTION 5 – EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................... 21
5.1.
Production Test Chromatogram at 40 °C .................................................................................................... 22
5.2.
Reproducing the Production Test Chromatogram Using a Sulfuric Acid Eluent at 40 °C ..................... 24
5.3.
6-Cations (Li
+
, Na
+
, NH4
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
) with CS16 3-mm and CAES ................................................. 25
5.4.
6-Cation Fast Run (Li
+
, Na
+
, NH
4
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
) at 40 °C .................................................................... 26
5.5.
6-Cation Run (Li
+
, Na
+
, NH
4
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
) at Room Temperature Operation .................................. 27
5.5.1.
6-Cation Run (Li
+
, Na
+
, NH
4
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
) at Room Temperature Operation Continuation .................... 28
5.6.
Isocratic Elution of Ammonium, Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals
(Li
+
, Na
+
, NH
4
+
, K
+
, Rb
+
, Cs
+
, Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
, Sr
2+
, Ba
2+
) at 60 °C .................................................................. 29
5.7.
Isocratic Elution of 6-Cations Plus Morpholine .......................................................................................... 30
5.8.
10,000:1 Ratio Sodium to Ammonium at 40 °C .......................................................................................... 31
5.9.
1:10,000 Ratio Sodium to Ammonium at 40 °C .......................................................................................... 33
5.10.
Analysis of Tap Water at 40 °C .................................................................................................................... 34
5.11.
Analysis of Waste Water at 40 °C ................................................................................................................. 35
5.12.
Separation of Methylamines, Group I and Group II Cations and
Ammonium at Room Temperature .............................................................................................................. 36
5.13.
Isocratic vs. Gradient Elution of Common Cations and Amines at 60 °C ................................................ 37
5.14.
Gradient Elution of the Six Common Cations plus Mono-, Di-, and Triethanolamines at 60 °C .......... 39
5.15.
Isocratic Elution of the Six Common Cations Plus Manganese at 60 °C .................................................. 40
5.16.
Sample pH at 40 °C ........................................................................................................................................ 41
5.17.
Linear Working Range at 40 °C ................................................................................................................... 42
5.18.
Step Change Elution of Ethanolamine and the Common Cations on the IonPac CS16 3-mm ............... 43
5.19.
Diverse Concentration Ratios of Ammonium to Ethanolamine on the
IonPac CS16 3-mm at 40 °C .......................................................................................................................... 44
5.20.
Gradient Elution of Ethanolamine, Hydrazine, and the Common Cations .............................................. 45
5.21.
Gradient Elution of Common Cations and Amines at 60 °C ..................................................................... 47
5.22.
Gradient Elution of Common Cations and Alkanolamines at 60 °C ......................................................... 48
5.23.
Separation of Six Cations on a Capillary CS16 column ............................................................................. 49
SECTION 6 – TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE .................................................................................. 50
6.1.
High Back Pressure ........................................................................................................................................ 51
6.1.1.
Finding the Source of High System Pressure .................................................................................................. 51
6.1.2.
Replacing Column Bed Support Assemblies ................................................................................................... 52
6.2.
Preparation of Eluents ................................................................................................................................... 53
6.3.
Contamination ................................................................................................................................................ 53
6.3.1.
A Contaminated Guard or Analytical/Capillary Column ................................................................................ 53
6.3.2.
Sample Loop and/or Tubing Contamination ................................................................................................... 53
6.4.
High Background or Noise ............................................................................................................................ 54
6.5.
Suppressor Not Suppressing Properly ......................................................................................................... 55
6.6.
Poor Peak Resolution ..................................................................................................................................... 56
6.6.1.
Loss of Peak Efficiency Throughout the Chromatogram ................................................................................ 56
6.6.2.
Loss of Resolution Throughout the Chromatogram Due to Shortened Retention Times ................................ 56
6.6.3.
Loss of Early Eluting Peak Resolution ............................................................................................................ 57
6.7.
Spurious Peaks ............................................................................................................................................... 57
6.7.1.
Poor Efficiency Using Capillary Columns ...................................................................................................... 58
APPENDIX A - QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORT ......................................................................... 59
APPENDIX B - COLUMN CARE ........................................................................................................ 63
Document No. 031747-05
© 2010 Dionex Corporation
December 2010
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