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Network Terminology
Gateway
A
gateway
is a node on a network that serves as an entrance to another network. The gateway routes traffic
from a computer to an outside network that is serving the web pages. For example, the gateway for a home
computer is the ISP provider that connects the user to the Internet.
In a corporate environment, the gateway often acts as a proxy server and a firewall. Gateways are similar to
routers and switches in that they forward data to the destination and provide the path for which the data will
travel to the destination.
Hub
A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. A hub has multiple ports. When a data packet
arrives at a hub, it is copied and distributed to all of its ports so that all nodes on the LAN can see the packets.
There are three types of hubs:
passive hub
- this hub serves as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device to another.
intelligent hub
(also known as manageable hubs)
- this hub includes addition features that enable administrators
to monitor traffic through the hub.
switching hub
- this hub reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the data pack to the
appropriate port.
IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
An
IP Address
is an identifier or numerical name for a computer or device on a network. Data between
computers are routed over the network using these addresses to identify the computer the message is being
sent to and the computer the message is being sent from.
The format of an IP Address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. For
example, an IP Address looks like 10.100.1.1.
IMPORTANT
: When working within an isolated network (meaning there is no Internet access), IP
Addresses can be assigned at random just as long as they are unique to each computer and device. When the
isolated network is connected to the Internet, registered Internet Addresses must be obtained. This is to
prevent duplication of addresses.
The four numbers in and IP Address are used in different was to identify a particular network and host on
that network. There are three classes of Internet Addresses.
CLASS A - supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
CLASS B - supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
CLASS C - supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
LAN
A LAN is a computer network that connects a relatively small area (a single building or group of buildings).
Most LANs connect work stations and computers to each other. Each computer (also known as a “node”),
has its own processing unit and executes its own processing unit and executes its own programs; however it
can also access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This means that many users can access and share the
same information and devices. A good example of a LAN device is a network printer. Most companies
cannot afford the budgetary or hardware expense of providing printers for each of its users; therefore, one
printer (i.e., device) is placed on the LAN where every user can access the same printer.
The LAN uses IP Addresses to route data to different destinations on the network. An IP Address is a 32-bit
numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods (for example 1.160.10.240).
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