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MPS450

Operators Manual

Other Functions ............................................................................................. 4-21

Temperature .............................................................................................. 4-21

Cardiac-Output Wave / Injectate............................................................... 4-22

FHR Rate (Fixed)...................................................................................... 4-22

Intrauterine-Pressure (-) Wave .................................................................. 4-23

Intrauterine-Pressure (IUP) Period............................................................ 4-23

View Angle ............................................................................................... 4-23

Beeper ....................................................................................................... 4-24

Appendices

A Troubleshooting .......................................................................................... A-1

B Glossary....................................................................................................... B-1

Содержание Biomedical MPS450 Operators

Страница 1: ...1 2010 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Printed in USA Specifications are subject to change without notice All product names are trademarks of their respective companies MPS450 Multiparameter Si...

Страница 2: ...ke Biomedical service facility NO OTHER WARRANTIES SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMA...

Страница 3: ...refund Only products returned within 90 days from the date of original purchase are eligible for refund credit In order to receive a partial refund credit of a product purchase price on a serialized p...

Страница 4: ...o unauthorized equipment modifications Restrictions and Liabilities Information in this document is subject to change and does not represent a commitment by Fluke Biomedical Changes made to the inform...

Страница 5: ...ment sur le brouillage radio lectrique dict par le minist re des Communications du Canada Based on the testing standards below this device bears the mark EC Directive 2004 108 EC Electromagnetic Compa...

Страница 6: ......

Страница 7: ...MPS450 1 8 Using the MPS450 1 9 Viewing Current MPS450 Parameters 1 10 Setting the MPS450 View Angle 1 12 Navigation in the MPS450 1 13 General Specifications 1 14 Detailed Specifications 1 15 Normal...

Страница 8: ...dia 2 19 Ventricular Fibrillation 2 19 Asystole Cardiac Standstill 2 20 Heart Block First Second and Third Degree 2 20 Bundle Branch Block 2 21 ECG Testing 2 22 Running a Performance Wave 2 22 Adjusti...

Страница 9: ...9 Premature Arrhythmia 4 9 Ventricular Arrhythmia 4 10 Conduction Defect 4 10 ECG Testing 4 10 Performance Waves 4 11 Performance Wave Amplitude 4 11 R Wave Rate 4 12 R Wave Width 4 12 R Wave Amplitud...

Страница 10: ...Functions 4 21 Temperature 4 21 Cardiac Output Wave Injectate 4 22 FHR Rate Fixed 4 22 Intrauterine Pressure Wave 4 23 Intrauterine Pressure IUP Period 4 23 View Angle 4 23 Beeper 4 24 Appendices A Tr...

Страница 11: ...Multiple PVC Settings 2 19 2 14 Numeric Codes for Ventricular Fibrillation Amplitude Settings 2 20 2 15 Numeric Code for Heart Block Settings 2 21 2 16 Numeric Code for Bundle Branch Block Settings 2...

Страница 12: ...R Wave Amplitude Actions 4 13 4 20 Numeric Codes for Respiration Lead Actions 4 14 4 21 Numeric Codes for Respiration Baseline Impedance Actions 4 14 4 22 Numeric Codes for Respiration Rate Actions 4...

Страница 13: ...Contents continued vii List of Figures Figure Title Page 1 1 MPS450 Patient Simulator 1 8...

Страница 14: ...MPS450 Operators Manual viii...

Страница 15: ...nce 1 6 Powering Up the MPS450 1 7 Connection the MPS450 1 8 Using the MPS450 1 9 Viewing Current MPS450 Parameters 1 10 Setting the MPS450 View Angle 1 12 Navigation in the MPS450 1 13 General Specif...

Страница 16: ......

Страница 17: ...des control over the widest array of testing parameters while also providing simplicity in design and user interface A keypad enables the easy entry of functions parameters and codes easy access jacks...

Страница 18: ...2000 ohms The MPS450 generates apnea pauses 0 BrPM of 12 22 and 32 seconds as well as a continuous apnea condition BP sensitivity BP zeroing Static pressure levels Dynamic BP waveforms BP respiration...

Страница 19: ...ulator in the manner specified in this manual or the protection provided by the Simulator may be impaired MPS450 Package Contents Standard Equipment MPS450 Multiparameter Simulator Standard Accessorie...

Страница 20: ...are no unique storage requirements However when storing the unit maintain the storage temperature between 25 C and 50 C Remove the batteries if the unit will be stored for a long period The MPS450 sho...

Страница 21: ...he green key located on the keypad of the unit bottom right After one short beep the LCD screen displays the following startup message gje001 eps 2 After a three second display test the following top...

Страница 22: ...mperature and cardiac output injectate Call your sales representative for a complete list The left side of the MPS450 features a full set of universal ECG jacks enabling the connection of any 3 5 or 1...

Страница 23: ...Button Description Number Key Key Menu Label Menu Functions NSR Adjust ECG heart rate Adjust ECG amplitude Set patient type age Adjust ST segment elevation RESP Adjust respiration rate Adjust respirat...

Страница 24: ...ttings that can be stored i e respiration lead and baseline BP sensitivity view angle and beeper mode Power on default settings for functions are listed in the Specifications section later in this cha...

Страница 25: ...ernal IUP wave IUP period and fetal heart rate 2 Respiration Respiration rate amplitude lead and baseline 3 Blood Pressure BP sensitivity and settings BP1 BP2 BP3 BP4 4 Temperature Cardiac Output Temp...

Страница 26: ...to the preferred setting from 1 lowest to 8 highest The setting is active when displayed and remains active until the setting is changed 4 To store the contrast setting beyond the current session sel...

Страница 27: ...IEW key to exit back to the mode you were in previously Action in the Menu Control Mode 1 To navigate in menu control mode press the top menu key for a function group labeled in yellow just above the...

Страница 28: ...are skipped automatically Alternatively simply press the number keys for another numeric selection 5 The screen for a numeric entry appears only after the entire numeric code is entered 6 As the numbe...

Страница 29: ...5 BPM Demand with frequent sinus beats Demand with occasional sinus beats AV sequential Noncapture one time Nonfunction Power On Default Amplitude 5 mV width 1 0 ms atrial waveform Arrhythmia Baseline...

Страница 30: ...of setting 2 mmHg Static Levels p1 10 0 80 160 240 320 400 mmHg Static Levels p2 10 0 50 100 150 200 240 mmHg Static Levels p3 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 mmHg Static Levels p4 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 mmHg Dynam...

Страница 31: ...urve Waveform for simulation available Calibrated Pulse 1 5 for 1 second 37 35 5 Repeatability 1 Power On Default 2 5 liters per minute 0 C injectate Fetal Maternal ECG Fetal Heart Rate Fixed 60 90 12...

Страница 32: ...MPS450 Operators Manual 1 18...

Страница 33: ...a AT 2 12 Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia PAT 2 13 Nodal Rhythm 2 13 Supraventricular Tachycardia 2 13 Premature Atrial Contraction PAC 2 14 Premature Nodal Contraction PNC 2 14 Premature Ventricular Co...

Страница 34: ...31 Adding Respiration Artifact to the BP Signal 2 32 Simulating the Swan Ganz Procedure 2 34 Cardiac Output 2 36 Setting Up For a Cardiac Output Test 2 36 Simulating a Cardiac Output Test 2 37 Injecta...

Страница 35: ...rhythm In normal sinus conditions the SA sinoatrial node which lies just in front of the opening of the superior vena cava sends an electrical impulse through the nerves of the heart to the AV atriove...

Страница 36: ...waveforms are sent to the ECG using the selected adjustment QRS height for amplitude ECG amplitudes are used only as a reference during arrhythmia simulations The MPS450 offers a selection of twenty...

Страница 37: ...9 5 00 mV 270 5 50 mV 271 Adult and Pediatric ECG The MPS450 simulates an adult ECG waveform with QRS duration of 80 ms or a pediatric waveform with QRS duration of 40 ms Action 1 Press the top menu k...

Страница 38: ...m 0 8 mV to 0 8 mV 0 1 mV steps as well as 0 05 and 0 05 The elevation depression amount specified is for Lead II per millivolt of ECG amplitude with other leads being proportional Action in the Menu...

Страница 39: ...tifacts can cause a serious safety condition Even a relatively tiny current of 60 hertz Hz can be fatal Therefore whenever line frequency in an electrocardiogram is noted the cause of the signal shoul...

Страница 40: ...e with frequent sinus beats forty normal beats followed by twenty ventricular paced beats repeated a demand pacemaker wave with occasional sinus beats twenty normal beats followed by forty ventricular...

Страница 41: ...tified on the LCD screen is active when displayed and remains active until the setting is changed Alternatively in the Numeric Control Mode press the number keys for pacemaker spike amplitude accordin...

Страница 42: ...normal beats in varying proportions Atrial Fibrillation A rapid irregular atrial signal coarse or fine with no real P waves an irregular ventricular rate Coarse and fine atrial fibrillation occurs whe...

Страница 43: ...cles On the ECG readout the waveform generally exhibits a saw tooth appearance This type of arrhythmia can reduce cardiac output by as much as 25 due in many cases to the lack of an atrial kick and th...

Страница 44: ...he LCD screen RUN flashes to indicate that the missed beat simulation is running as a one time event When the simulation completes the command INSRT displays on the screen 5 To send another missed bea...

Страница 45: ...node and a P R interval that is very short Nodal rhythm also referred to as junctional rhythm or junctional escape is a condition where the predominant pacemaker is the AV node rather than the SA nod...

Страница 46: ...m at 80 BPM Action in the Menu Control Mode 1 Press the top menu key labeled ARRHY 2 Select PREM to display the following LCD screen gje017 eps 3 Select RUN On the LCD screen RUN flashes to indicate t...

Страница 47: ...ventricular PVCs occur close to the preceding beat Moreover R on T PVCs which are characterized by a beat that falls on the T wave of the preceding QRS T complex are especially inauspicious because of...

Страница 48: ...1 Press the top menu key labeled ARRHY 2 Select PREM 3 Scroll to the LCD screen MULTIFOCAL PVCS 4 Select RUN On the LCD screen RUN flashes to indicate that the sequence for a multifocal PVC simulatio...

Страница 49: ...les with events occurring at least five times per minute and usually more often The MPS450 simulates a continuous repeating waveform that alternates between a type 1 left focus PVC followed by three n...

Страница 50: ...PVCs also known as a couplet a run of five PVCs in a row and a run of eleven PVCs in a row The MPS450 simulates multiple PVC waveforms with three sequences occurring as one time events a paired PVC c...

Страница 51: ...menu key labeled ARRHY 2 Select VENT 3 Scroll to the LCD screen VENTRICULAR TACH 4 Select RUN The ventricular tachycardia simulation runs continuously repeats until another arrhythmia selection is mad...

Страница 52: ...a condition wherein the signal generated by the SA node is delayed or is blocked partially or completely in its journey to the ventricles Because this condition typically occurs at the AV atrioventic...

Страница 53: ...n defect BBB or IVCD is a form of heart block in which there is a conduction delay or failure from one of the branches of the bundle of His which start about a centimeter below the bundle of His to th...

Страница 54: ...MPS450 offers a selection of preconfigured rate settings for square pulse sine and triangle waves Square waveforms available at 2 or 0 125 Hz are used most frequently to test linearity amplitude and f...

Страница 55: ...gs mV for performance wave amplitude on Lead II 0 05 to 0 50 in 0 05 steps and 0 50 to 5 50 in 0 50 steps Action in the Menu Control Mode 1 Press the top menu key labeled PERF 2 Select SEL to toggle t...

Страница 56: ...ciated and used for rate calculations and other analysis By adjusting the R wave the range of settings can be determined for which a given heart monitor will detect a beat The MPS450 simulates an R wa...

Страница 57: ...10 ms steps plus three settings at 8 10 or 12 ms Action in the Menu Control Mode 1 Press the top menu key labeled PERF 2 Select RWDET 3 Select SEL to toggle to the screen for adjusting R wave width W...

Страница 58: ...ey labeled PERF 2 Select RWDET 3 Select SEL to toggle to the screen for adjusting R wave amplitude width AMPL with AMPL in upper case letters 4 Select DOWN or UP to scroll to the desired R wave amplit...

Страница 59: ...BP channels P1 P2 P3 and P4 each of which simulates a bridge pressure transducer Also respiration artifact can be injected into any BP waveform for each of the channels Cables available from Fluke Bio...

Страница 60: ...n the LCD screen Storing blinks on momentarily to indicate the value is being saved 5 Press the ESC key to return to the top menu SETUP Alternatively in the Numeric Control Mode press the number keys...

Страница 61: ...mber keys 007 and select RUN Setting Static Pressure Levels The MPS450 offers seven preconfigured static pressure level settings mmHg for each BP channel with each channel controlled independently Set...

Страница 62: ...static pressure level setting according to Table 2 23 and select RUN Table 2 23 Numeric Codes for Static Pressure Level Settings Static Pressure Level Setting Numeric Code BP1 10 mmHg 342 BP1 Zero 34...

Страница 63: ...120 80 LEFT VENTRICLE 120 00 LEFT ATRIUM 14 4 RIGHT ATRIUM CVP 15 10 RIGHT VENTRICLE 25 00 PULMONARY ARTERY 25 10 PULMONARY WEDGE 10 2 IN SWANZ GANZ PROCEDURE Action in the Menu Control Mode 1 Press t...

Страница 64: ...Art Wedge 10 2 075 BP2 Left Atrium 14 4 076 BP2 Right Atrium CVP 15 10 077 BP3 Arterial 120 80 080 BP3 Radial Art 120 80 081 BP3 Left Vent 120 00 082 BP3 Right Atrium CVP 15 10 083 BP3 Pulmonary Art...

Страница 65: ...selected BP channel screen The LCD screen identifies the waveform that is running and indicates if the artifact is active ARTF ON gje032 eps 7 Press the ESC key again to return to the top menu BLOOD P...

Страница 66: ...artery pressure PAP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PCWP is determined by inflating the balloon which becomes wedged when this wedge blocks blood flow it provides a reading of the pressure in the l...

Страница 67: ...Next select INFL simulating balloon inflation then DEFL simulating balloon inflation Finally select PLBK simulating pullback that is the withdrawal of the catheter then PLBK again 9 At each point in...

Страница 68: ...cooling Following the simulated cardiac output test ECG reverts to normal sinus rhythm at 80 BPM To simulate cardiac output use the cardiac output adapter box which is supplied as part of the cardiac...

Страница 69: ...t INJ to toggle to the desired setting 3 To adjust the flow rate select PREV or NEXT to scroll to the desired setting 4 Select RUN On the LCD screen RUNNING flashes while the simulation is active To r...

Страница 70: ...mulation select RUN again 5 To terminate a cardiac output simulation select END Alternatively in the Numeric Control Mode press the number keys for a combined condition temperature simulation listed i...

Страница 71: ...rement from an electrode on the mother s thigh The MPS450 simulates the fetal maternal ECG on its regular ECG leads The maternal signal is a P QRS T wave fixed at 80 BPM at half the selected ECG ampli...

Страница 72: ...well as waveforms that automatically simulate a contraction generated once every 2 3 or 5 minutes The MPS450 simulates four types of preconfigured waveforms for a periodic FHR that is interactive wit...

Страница 73: ...was last selected whether manual or once every 2 3 or 5 minutes Table 2 33 Numeric Codes for IUP Wave Settings IUP Wave Setting Numeric Code IUP OFF 400 IUP UDEC uniform deceleration 401 IUP EDEC ear...

Страница 74: ...MPS450 Operators Manual 2 42...

Страница 75: ...on 3 3 Respiration 3 3 Setting the Respiration Lead and Baseline 3 3 Adjusting the Respiration Rate 3 4 Adjusting the Respiration Amplitude Impedance Variation 3 5 Simulating Apnea Respiration Standst...

Страница 76: ...MPS450 Operators Manual 3 2...

Страница 77: ...pedance the MPS450 simulates four preconfigured settings ohms 500 1000 the default 1500 or 2000 Optionally any of these settings can be stored to become the new power on default Action in the Menu Con...

Страница 78: ...P BASE 1000 STRD 394 RESP BASE 1500 OHM 182 RESP BASE 1500 STRD 395 RESP BASE 2000 OHM 183 RESP BASE 2000 STRD 396 Adjusting the Respiration Rate Respiration rate is measured by the number of times pe...

Страница 79: ...ation The MPS450 offers four preconfigured settings ohms for respiration amplitude 0 2 0 5 1 0 or 3 0 Action in the Menu Control Mode 1 Press the top menu key labeled RESP If the respiration amplitude...

Страница 80: ...imulation To repeat the simulation select RUN again 4 For a one time event of 22 second or 32 second apnea or for a continuous apnea simulation select PREV or NEXT to scroll to the LCD screen displayi...

Страница 81: ...to the desired setting select DOWN or UP 3 The temperature setting identified on the LCD screen is active when displayed and remains active until the setting is changed Alternatively in the Numeric Co...

Страница 82: ...MPS450 Operators Manual 3 8...

Страница 83: ...Pacemaker Width 4 8 Arrhythmia Functions 4 9 Supraventricular Arrhythmia 4 9 Premature Arrhythmia 4 9 Ventricular Arrhythmia 4 10 Conduction Defect 4 10 ECG Testing 4 10 Performance Waves 4 11 Perform...

Страница 84: ...ic Waveforms 4 19 BP Channel 4 Dynamic Waveforms 4 20 BP Channel 1 Respiration Artifact 4 20 BP Channel 2 Respiration Artifact 4 21 BP Channel 3 Respiration Artifact 4 21 BP Channel 4 Respiration Arti...

Страница 85: ...Signal common 6 DSR Output Handshake line indicates MPS450 DCE ready always ON 7 RTS Input Handshake line from DTE says MPS450 DCE can send data 8 CTS Output Hand Handshake line tells DTE it is OK to...

Страница 86: ...s available in the Codes and Actions section later in this chapter General Remote Commands The general remote commands are listed in Table 4 2 Table 4 2 General Remote Commands Remote Command Action I...

Страница 87: ...Control Code Action Remote Control Entry 165 Run normal sinus ECG at 30 BPM NSR30 166 Run normal sinus ECG at 40 BPM NSR40 250 Run normal sinus ECG at 45 BPM NSR45 167 Run normal sinus ECG at 60 BPM...

Страница 88: ...de to 2 00 mV NSA2 00 265 Set ECG amplitude to 2 50 mV NSA2 50 266 Set ECG amplitude to 3 00 mV NSA3 00 267 Set ECG amplitude to 3 50 mV NSA3 50 268 Set ECG amplitude to 4 00 mV NSA4 00 269 Set ECG am...

Страница 89: ...o 0 1 mV STD 0 1 228 Set ST elevation to 0 2 mV STD 0 2 227 Set ST elevation to 0 3 mV STD 0 3 226 Set ST elevation to 0 4 mV STD 0 4 225 Set ST elevation to 0 5 mV STD 0 5 224 Set ST elevation to 0 6...

Страница 90: ...e Table 4 9 lists the numeric control codes for the pacemaker amplitude functions Table 4 9 Numeric Codes for Pacemaker Amplitude Actions Numeric Control Code Action Remote Control Entry 384 Set pacer...

Страница 91: ...trial tachycardia ATC 382 Run paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PAT 018 Run nodal rhythm NOD 019 Run supraventricular tachycardia SVT Premature Arrhythmia Table 4 12 lists the numeric control codes for th...

Страница 92: ...9 Run11 PVCs RUN11 030 Run ventricular tachycardia VTC 031 Run ventricular fibrillation coarse VFB1 032 Run ventricular fibrillation fine VFB2 033 Run asystole ASY Conduction Defect Table 4 14 lists t...

Страница 93: ...ce wave SIN5 209 Run 10 Hz sine performance wave SIN10 210 Run 40 Hz sine performance wave SIN40 211 Run 50 Hz sine performance wave SIN50 212 Run 60 Hz sine performance wave SIN60 213 Run 100 Hz sine...

Страница 94: ...itude to 5 00 mV PFA5 00 291 Set performance amplitude to 5 50 mV PFA5 50 R Wave Rate Table 4 17 lists the numeric control codes for the R wave rate functions Table 4 17 Numeric Codes for R Wave Rate...

Страница 95: ...th to 160 ms RWW160 336 Set R wave width to 170 ms RWW170 337 Set R wave width to 180 ms RWW180 338 Set R wave width to 190 ms RWW190 339 Set R wave width to 200 ms RWW200 R Wave Amplitude Table 4 19...

Страница 96: ...aseline Impedance Respiration Rate Respiration Amplitude and Apnea Simulation Respiration Lead Table 4 20 lists the numeric control codes for the respiration lead functions Table 4 20 Numeric Codes fo...

Страница 97: ...et respiration rate to 0 BrPM RR0 157 Set respiration rate to 15 BrPM RR15 158 Set respiration rate to 20 BrPM RR20 159 Set respiration rate to 30 BrPM RR30 160 Set respiration rate to 40 BrPM RR40 16...

Страница 98: ...annel 2 Respiration Artifact BP Channel 3 Respiration Artifact and BP Channel 4 Respiration Artifact Blood Pressure Sensitivity Table 4 25 lists the numeric control codes for the blood pressure sensit...

Страница 99: ...4 28 Numeric Codes for BP Channel 2 Static Pressure Levels Actions Numeric Control Code Action Remote Control Entry 351 Set BP2 to 10 mmHg static P2S 10 352 Set BP2 to zero P2S0 353 Set BP2 to 50 mmH...

Страница 100: ...70 Set BP4 to zero P4S0 371 Set BP4 to 20 mmHg static P4S20 372 Set BP4 to 40 mmHg static P4S40 373 Set BP4 to 60 mmHg static P4S60 374 Set BP4 to 80 mmHg static P4S80 375 Set BP4 to 100 mmHg static P...

Страница 101: ...l 3 Dynamic Waveforms Actions Numeric Control Code Action Remote Control Entry 080 Run BP3 arterial dynamic wave 120 80 P3ART 081 Run BP3 radial art dynamic wave 120 80 P3RART 082 Run BP3 left vent dy...

Страница 102: ...un BP3 right vent dynamic wave 25 0 P3RV BP CHANNEL 4 DYNAMIC WAVEFORMS 378 Run BP4 right atrium CVP dynamic wave 15 10 P4CVP 379 Run BP4 right vent dynamic wave 25 0 P4RV 380 Run BP4 pulmonary art dy...

Страница 103: ...on artifact on P3AON BP Channel 4 Respiration Artifact Table 4 38 lists the numeric control codes for the BP channel 4 respiration artifact functions Table 4 38 Numeric Codes for BP Channel 4 Respirat...

Страница 104: ...092 Run CO wave 0 degrees C at 5 0 l min N A 093 Run CO wave 0 degrees C at 10 0 l min N A 094 Run CO wave 24 degrees C at 2 5 l min N A 095 Run CO wave 24 degrees C at 5 0 l min N A 096 Run CO wave...

Страница 105: ...FEDEC 403 Run IUP late deceleration wave FLDEC 404 Run IUP uniform acceleration wave FUACC Intrauterine Pressure IUP Period Table 4 43 lists the numeric control codes for the intrauterine pressure IUP...

Страница 106: ...t view angle to 7 V7 N A Set view angle to 8 V8 N A Store view angle VSTORE Beeper Table 4 45 lists the numeric control codes for the beeper functions Table 4 45 Numeric Codes for Beeper Actions Numer...

Страница 107: ...y Check color coded ECG jacks Blood Pressure MPS450 transducer sensitivity not set correctly Check monitor manufacturer s BP sensitivity requirements Reset the MPS450 either to 5 V V mmHg or to 40 V V...

Страница 108: ...cturer s series for thermistor used Choose the correct Fluke Biomedical temperature cable for 700 or 400 Series Cardiac Output Selected Injectate temperature not set correctly Injectate temperature mu...

Страница 109: ...ance of one meter in free space produces a force between the wires of 2 107 newtons per meter of length AORTA The main trunk of the systemic arteries carrying blood from the left side of the heart to...

Страница 110: ...branches COMPUTATIONAL CONSTANT Pertaining to cardiac output Sometimes called calibration coefficient CARDIAC Of near or pertaining to the heart CARDIOVASCULAR Of pertaining to or involving the heart...

Страница 111: ...represent the terminal portion of the heart s electrical conduction system PVCS Premature ventricular contractions QRS COMPLEX The part of the P QRS T wave that records ventricular depolarization and...

Страница 112: ...it into the aorta and 2 the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and drives it into the pulmonary artery VOLT The International System unit of elect...

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