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F.W. Bell 7030, Инструкция по эксплуатации

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                                                                      F.W. BELL Model 7030 Gauss/Tesla Meter Instruction Manual 

Appendix B – Vector Summation Tutorial 

 

B-1

 

 
Appendix B           Vector Summation Tutorial 

 
 

The Model 7030 gauss/tesla meter is an extremely useful tool for acquiring simultaneous magnetic 
field measurements from two or three individual probes or from a 3-axis probe.  The instrument 
presents vector summation results directly to the user, eliminating the need to perform manual 
calculations. 
 
The classical approach to defining the location of a point in a two-dimensional plane involves the 
use of the Cartesian coordinate system, shown in 

Figure B-1

.  In this system a point can be 

defined by its combined horizontal (x) and vertical (y) distance from the origin of the graph (the 
point where the x-axis and y-axis intersect).  In the example shown, the point has coordinates of x = 
+3 and y = +5.  To calculate the actual distance from the origin to the point r, use Pythagorean’s 
theorem:

 

 

                                             

 

 

This distance is the vector sum of the individual x and y vectors. 

 

                                                 

 

 

 

Figure B-1    Two-Dimensional Co-Ordinate System

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Содержание 7030

Страница 1: ...7030 GAUSS TESLA METER Instruction Manual ...

Страница 2: ...F W BELL Model 7030 Gauss Tesla Meter Instruction Manual THIS SIDE BLANK Inside of Front Cover ...

Страница 3: ...MODEL 7030 GAUSS TESLA METER Instruction Manual Manual UN 01 251 Item 359936 Rev E ECO 14211 All Rights Reserved ...

Страница 4: ...strument and probe It refers the operator to additional information contained in this instruction manual also identified by the same symbol NOTICE See Pages 4 1 4 2 and 4 3 for SAFETY instructions prior to first use See Page 2 4 for EMC Notes concerning I O Cables and I O Filter Adapters ...

Страница 5: ...ction 3 Probes Overview 3 1 Probe Variations 3 2 Probe Memory 3 3 Probe Stem 3 3 Temperature Effects 3 3 Fixturing 3 3 Section 4 Setup Safety 4 1 Line Voltage Settings Fuse Panel 4 3 Adjusting the Handle 4 4 Probe Installation 4 5 Power Up 4 6 Section 5 User Interface Overview 5 1 Front Panel Key Pad 5 2 Menu System 5 3 Using the Mouse 5 5 Help System 5 6 System Menu 5 6 Setup Save Load 5 7 Displa...

Страница 6: ...f Measurement Errors 6 23 Section 7 Remote Operation Introduction 7 1 IEEE 488 Functional Description 7 2 RS 232 Functional Description 7 3 Communications Setup 7 5 IEEE 488 General Bus Commands 7 6 Error Queue and Output Queue 7 7 Status 7 7 Status Byte and Service Request 7 9 Standard Event Register 7 11 Measurement Event Register 7 12 Operation Event Register 7 13 Questionable Event Register 7 ...

Страница 7: ... A 1 Appendix B Vector Summation Tutorial B 1 Warranty List of Tables Table 1 1 Model 7030 gauss tesla meter List of Features 1 2 Table 1 2 Front Panel Description 1 6 Table 1 3 Rear Panel Description 1 7 Table 2 1 Probe Ranges 2 1 Table 2 2 Accuracies Instrument Only 2 2 Table 3 1 Probe Maximum Field Levels and Resolutions 3 2 Table 5 1 Default Configuration Settings 5 8 Table 5 2 Display Options...

Страница 8: ...r 6 3 Figure 6 3 Frequency Filter Indicator 6 5 Figure 6 4 Indeterminate Frequency Indicator 6 6 Figure 6 5 Relative Value Indicator 6 14 Figure 6 6 7000 Series 3 Axis Probe Orientation 6 16 Figure 6 7 Example Circuit for Classifier Outputs 6 22 Figure 6 8 Probe Output Versus Flux Angle 6 23 Figure 6 9 Probe Output Versus Distance 6 24 Figure 6 10 Flux Density Variations in a Magnet 6 24 Figure 7 ...

Страница 9: ...es a large display for easy viewing a comprehensive keypad for control of common functions and an easy to use menu system The model 7030 features three independent channels with high accuracy suitable for use in the laboratory and enough features to be versatile in a manufacturing environment Table 1 1 on the following page provides a list of features A detailed description of the 7030 s functions...

Страница 10: ...o Four Configuration Setups May be Stored Mouse Supported Optional Support Functions Analog and Digital Filtering Relative Feature Allows Small Fluctuations to be Observed Within a Larger Field Hold Feature Includes Arithmetic Min Max Readings Calculated by the Instrument and Signal Peaks Valleys of Rapid Changing Pulses Field Classifiers With Pass Fail Outputs Remote Operation IEEE 488 2 GPIB Int...

Страница 11: ... VGA multi shade amber graphics display The display format and orientation may be customized by the operator The instrument automatically adjusts text sizes for the most convenient view for a given amount of information being displayed Common functions are activated quickly through the front panel keypad with each channel having its own identical set of keys Each key has a back light that is illum...

Страница 12: ...nother feature called relative mode allows large flux readings to be suppressed so that small variations within the larger field can be observed directly Update Interval The update interval of the reading may be adjusted Shorter update intervals allow rapid fluctuations in flux density levels to be observed Longer update intervals provide higher resolution and stability in the flux density reading...

Страница 13: ...and the analog outputs Field Classifiers The Classifier function allows the user to define a lower and upper limit of flux density that can be used to quickly determine the status of a magnetic field The instrument will indicate visually whether the field is below within or above the pre defined limits The same information is provided in the form of general purpose switch closures available at a s...

Страница 14: ... to Navigate the Menu System 5 Enter Key Activates De activates Selections in the Menu System Acts as a Shift Key from the Measurement Screen 6 Range Key Selects Fixed Ranges or Autorange 7 AC DC Key Selects ac or dc Field Measurement 8 Hold Key Activates Deactivates the Hold Feature 9 Reset Key Resets the Min Max and Peak Valley Detectors Used with the Hold Feature 10 Relative Key Activates De ac...

Страница 15: ...es the Proper Fuse Rating 4 Corrected Analog Output Compensated Analog Output Voltage Signal Standard BNC Connector 5 Uncorrected Analog Output Uncompensated Analog Output Voltage Signal Standard BNC Connector 6 Vector Summation Analog Output Analog Voltage Signal Proportional to the Three Channels Vector Sum Standard BNC Connector 7 Digital I O Standard 15 Pin D Type Female Connector Provides Swi...

Страница 16: ...e to the rear panel Figure 1 3 shows the instrument in various positions Figure 1 3 Various Positions of Instrument APPLICATIONS Sorting or performing incoming inspection on permanent magnets particularly multi pole magnets Testing audio speaker magnet assemblies electric motor armatures and stators transformer lamination stacks cut toroidal cores coils and solenoids Determining the location of st...

Страница 17: ...8 732 A m Note Low Field probe cannot be used for measurements above 2 Gauss Table 2 1b Ranges for Mid Field Probe gauss G tesla T oersted Oe ampere turn meter A m 30 0000 G 3 00000 mT 30 0000 Oe 2 38732 kA m 300 000 G 30 0000 mT 300 000 Oe 23 8732 kA m 3 00000 kG 300 000 mT 3 00000 kOe 238 732 kA m 30 0000 kG 3 00000 T 30 0000 kOe 2 38732 MA m Table 2 1c Ranges for High Field Probe gauss G tesla ...

Страница 18: ...uracy 0 05 of reading and 0 01 of range 0 15 of 3V or 10V ranges 3V range 0 25 of reading 40mV 10V range 0 25 of reading 120mV ac accuracy In dc mode N A 2 of range dc to 100 hz 2 of range dc to 100Hz ac accuracy in ac mode 2 0 of reading 0 15 of range 20 Hz to 50 kHz 2 0 of 3V or 10V ranges ac 20 to 500 Hz ac rms dc 20Hz 50kHz See Figure 2 1 for Graph Typical ac and ac rms dc output ac peak accur...

Страница 19: ...Output Noise 3V output range with 500 Hz filter 300G 3kG 30kG ranges 50µV rms 10mV p p 30G range 2mV rms 20mV p p Analog Output Impedance 100 Ohms Analog Output Connector Standard BNC Analog Output Scaling dc Mode 3V or 10V standard 0 1V to 9 9V adjustable with increments of 0 1 V ac Mode 3Vrms or 10Vrms standard 0 1Vrms to 9 9Vrms adjustable with increments of 0 1 Vrms Front Panel Display Type VG...

Страница 20: ...ion Manual 2 4 Section 2 Specifications Figure 2 1 Frequency Response of Uncorrected Analog Outputs Typical No Probe Instrument Only 35 00 30 00 25 00 20 00 15 00 10 00 5 00 0 00 5 00 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 FREQUENCY Hz PERCENT OF READING ERROR ...

Страница 21: ...ype Filter D Type 15 Pin Male to Female 20dB 100MHz 40dB 1GHz 56 715 002 1000 pF Serial Format RS 232C Connector type 9 pin D female Cable length 3 m 9 8 ft maximum Receive input resistance 3 kΩ minimum Receive voltage limit 30 V maximum Transmit output voltage 5 V min 8 V typical Baud rate 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 Stop bits 1 2 Character length 7 8 Parity None Odd Even Handshaking ...

Страница 22: ...Conducted RF Disturbance Immunity EN 61000 4 8 Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity EN 50081 1 1992 Generic Emissions EN 55022 Class B and Radiated and Conducted Emissions EN 55014 EN61010 1 1993 and Safety EN61010 1 A2 1995 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory use CALIBRATION SERVICE The instrument is calibrated at the factory prior to shipment To...

Страница 23: ...ecifications 2 7 ZERO FLUX CHAMBER Model Number YA 111 Cavity Dimensions Length 50 8 mm 2 Diameter 8 7 mm 0 343 Attenuation 80 dB to 30 mT 300 G Purpose Figure 2 3 To shield the probe from external magnetic fields during the ZERO or RELATIVE operations Zero Flux Chamber ...

Страница 24: ......

Страница 25: ...THIS SIDE BLANK Rear of page 2 7 ...

Страница 26: ......

Страница 27: ...the Hall generator is mounted in a cylindrical stem The primary difference is the axis of measurement as shown by B in Figure 3 2 Generally transverse probes are used to make measurements between two magnetic poles such as those in audio speakers electric motors and imaging machines Axial probes are often used to measure the magnetic field along the axis of a coil or solenoid Either probe can be u...

Страница 28: ...probes are available with 5 15 or 30 foot 1 5 4 5 and 9 meter cable lengths and most are available with various stem lengths Table 3 1 lists the maximum field measurement capabilities and resolutions Table 3 1 Probe Maximum Field Levels and Resolutions Probe Type Maximum Field Resolution Low Field 2 G 200 µT 1 µG 0 1 nT Medium Field 30 kG 3 T 0 1 mG 0 01 µT High Field 300 kG 30 T 1 mG 0 1 µT Figur...

Страница 29: ... probes have an initial electrical offset that will affect the accuracy of static dc field measurements This offset should be canceled using the instrument s zero function However the probe s offset and sensitivity will change with temperature Using temperature compensated probes will minimize these effects There can be substantial errors in uncompensated probes A typical probe s dc offset can cha...

Страница 30: ...F W BELL Model 7030 Gauss Tesla Meter Instruction Manual 3 4 Section 3 Probes Figure 3 2 Hall Probe Configurations ...

Страница 31: ... be impaired if the instrument fails to perform or shows visible damage CAUTION All input and output voltages except line mains are less than 20V WARNING The opening of covers or removal of parts might expose live parts and accessible terminals which can be dangerous WARNING The display generates voltages capable of causing personal injury high voltage pulses up to 195 Vac Do not touch the display...

Страница 32: ...2 4V peak or 60V d c Figure 4 1 Probe Electrical Warning CAUTION This instrument may contain ferrous components which will exhibit attraction to a magnetic field Care should be utilized when operating the instrument near large magnetic fields as pull in may occur Extension cables are available to increase the probe cable length so that the instrument can remain in a safe position with respect to t...

Страница 33: ...e figure 4 2a This is the power cord receptacle It is designed to accept an international instrumentation power cord This receptacle also contains the fuse and voltage selector Remove the power cord Near the top of the receptacle is a slot Insert a narrow screwdriver and gently release the access door the door will not open unless power cord is removed The door will swing down 2 See figure 4 2b Re...

Страница 34: ... mains voltage Vac and reinstall 4 See figure 4 2d Close the access door The 220 Vac legend should be visible through the access door window Reinstall the power cord Figure 4 2c Figure 4 2d ADJUSTING THE HANDLE See Figure 4 3 To adjust the position of the handle press and hold the buttons on the sides Then Rotate the handle to the desired position and release the buttons The handle will lock into ...

Страница 35: ...it will travel no further The connector will lock into place There is no twist lock so it is not necessary to rotate any part of the connector To remove the connector grab at the collar and slide back The probe connector cannot be removed by pulling only on the connector body Note You may install or remove a probe at any time although it is not recommended to do so during the zeroing operation For...

Страница 36: ...beled below the switch and are shown in Figure 4 5 To turn on the instrument press the switch and release The switch will remain depressed and the boot up procedure will begin To shut the instrument off press the power switch again and release Note Allow three seconds for the instrument to be off before turning it back on Figure 4 5 Power Switch Positions ...

Страница 37: ...or each channel is retrieved whether or not it is enabled for display If no probe is connected to a channel the message No Probe will be displayed for that channel If any of the internal diagnostic tests fail an error message will appear and the instrument will halt the power up procedure Upon successful completion of the diagnostics and initial calibration the instrument will be ready to use Acti...

Страница 38: ...F W BELL Model 7030 Gauss Tesla Meter Instruction Manual 4 8 Section 4 Setup This Page Intentionally Blank ...

Страница 39: ...tures and functions of the 7030 are activated directly from the front panel keypad Each channel has its own dedicated set of keys for commonly used functions Other functions are accessed through the menu system Operation and general considerations relating to flux density measurements are discussed in Section 6 Flux Density Measurement ...

Страница 40: ...RANGE AC DC HOLD RESET RELATIVE ZERO and two MANUAL ADJUST keys See Figure 5 1 Figure 5 1 Front Panel Keys Each key features a back light that will illuminate indicating that it is active For example if channel 1 is disabled its set of keys will not be illuminated In some instances certain keys will flash indicating that a particular function is enabled or that some condition requires attention Fr...

Страница 41: ...rectional arrow keys Specific DIRECTION keys when illuminated indicate that it is possible to move the pointer in those directions A menu item will flash when it is made active Only one menu item may be active at a time Buttons Buttons are used to initiate a particular action such as entering into a sub menu To activate a button position the pointer over the button and press the ENTER key Checkbox...

Страница 42: ...R key will advance the setting to 5kHz See Figure 5 3 When the last choice in a selection is reached pressing the ENTER key will restart the selection choices Figure 5 3 Using Selections Numbers Numbers act as groups of selections where the possible choices for each digit in the number are the numerals 0 9 Entering The Menu System Pressing the MENU key from the measurement screen will access the m...

Страница 43: ...The front panel keypad remains active at all times The 7030 can be completely operated from the mouse Pressing the right mouse button is the same as pressing the MENU key on the front panel Moving the mouse will cause the pointer to move about the screen In the menu system pressing the left mouse button is the same as pressing the ENTER key Pressing the left mouse button from the measurement view ...

Страница 44: ...ressing the help button from the main menu To return to a sub menu from a help screen press the MENU key on the front panel SYSTEM MENU The SYSTEM menu provides information on the firmware version and probes connected to the instrument It is also from the SYSTEM menu that configuration setups may be saved and recalled See the next heading SETUP SAVE LOAD Firmware Version The firmware version is pr...

Страница 45: ...ont panel keypad To Save and Load a Configuration Setup 1 From the main menu choose SYSTEM 2 To save the current setup Move the pointer to one of the buttons numbered 1 4 next to the word Save and press the ENTER key 3 To load the corresponding setup Move the pointer to the button with the same number next to the word Load and press the ENTER key To Select Default Settings Default settings are sho...

Страница 46: ...upported by Probe Angle Enabled Vector Summation Orientation Vertical Measurement Screen Date and Time Enabled Measurement Screen RELATIVE Active Disabled All Channels Scale 1 All Channels Value 0 00000 T All Channels UNITS Flux Density tesla T All Channels and Vector Summation Temperature celsius C All Channels Angle Radians rad Vector Summation Time Frequency Hz All Channels COMMUNICATIONS RS232...

Страница 47: ... parameters Range Always All Active Channels AC DC Always All Active Channels Temperature Optional Specific Active Channels Enabled from DISPLAY Menu Temperature Compensated Probes only Frequency Optional Specific Active Channels Enabled from DISPLAY Menu ac Mode Only Angle Optional Vector Summation Only Enabled from DISPLAY Menu Relative Optional Specific Active Channels Enabled from RELATIVE Men...

Страница 48: ...he setting To change the orientation from the measurement screen 1 Press and hold the ENTER key 2 With the ENTER key held press the up DIRECTION key Activating and Deactivating Channels To activate de activate a channel or vector summation from the menu system 1 From the main menu choose DISPLAY 2 Position the pointer over the appropriate checkbox in the row labeled Channel On and press the ENTER ...

Страница 49: ... the date and time for display 1 From the main menu choose DISPLAY 2 The date and time each have a checkbox Position the pointer over the appropriate checkbox and press the ENTER key To Set the date and time 1 From the main menu choose DISPLAY 2 Position the pointer over each digit in the date and time 3 Press the ENTER key to change the setting 4 AM PM or MIL for military time 24 Hours is selecte...

Страница 50: ...F W BELL Model 7030 Gauss Tesla Meter Instruction Manual 5 12 Section 5 User Interface This Page Intentionally Blank ...

Страница 51: ...field measurement operations for the model 7030 gauss tesla meter Each of the instrument s functions and features relating to field measurement is described in detail This includes general considerations technical information and instructions on how to use each feature or function For a general discussion concerning the user interface see Section 5 User Interface ...

Страница 52: ...splayed at the bottom of the measurement screen Table 6 1 lists the available units for each parameter Table 6 1 Available Units Quantity Units Flux Density gauss G tesla T oersted Oe ampere meter A m Temperature fahrenheit F celsius C kelvin K Angle degrees deg radians rad Time Frequency Period hertz Hz seconds Sec Setting the Units To change the units 1 From the main menu choose UNITS 2 For each...

Страница 53: ...operation the polarity is indicated with a or a The polarity information is absent when in ac mode unless relative mode is enabled Relative mode operation is discussed later in this section Note The reading displayed in ac mode will represent the true rms value of the field waveform Figure 6 1 Present Flux Density Reading Note The units of measurement for flux density may or may not be displayed d...

Страница 54: ... is advanced if the reading reaches 90 full scale of the present range The range is lowered if the present reading falls below 8 full scale of the present range NOTE When the word Auto does not appear on the measurement mode indicator line the channel is in manual ranging mode Overrange Condition An overrange condition will occur when the following is true The instrument is in manual range mode or...

Страница 55: ...ed is the true rms value of the waveform with its dc component removed Frequency Measurement When used in the ac mode the instrument can display the frequency of an ac field The frequency indicator line displays the measured frequency and the selected analog filter setting see Figure 6 3 Analog filters are discussed later in this section Figure 6 3 Frequency 1 234kHz f50k Filter Indicator Frequenc...

Страница 56: ...00 000 mG 30 0000 µT 30 0000 G 3 00000 mT 300 000 G 30 0000 mT 20 Full Scale 3 00000 G 300 000 µT 300 000 G 30 0000 mT 3 00000 kG 300 000 mT 6 Full Scale N A 3 00000 kG 300 000 mT 30 0000 kG 3 00000 T 4 Full Scale N A 30 0000 kG 3 00000 T 300 000 kG 30 0000 T 2 Full Scale If the measured magnetic field is less than the minimum magnitude shown on Table 6 2 fourth column the frequency of the magneti...

Страница 57: ...inate as described under the heading AC MODE OPERATION the 5kHz filter is enabled Setting the Analog Filters 1 From the main menu choose FILTER 2 Position the pointer over the appropriate selection next to the label Analog Filter 3 Pressing the ENTER key advances the setting DC MODE OPERATION In the dc mode the presence of an ac component can lead to unstable readings If the peak value of the comb...

Страница 58: ...on all channels simultaneously or independently NOTE The process of zeroing also affects other functions such as corrected analog output signals the hold and relative and the field classifiers Uncorrected analog outputs are not affected ac Zeroing There are two modes of ac zeroing basic and advanced For most purposes basic ac mode zeroing is sufficient and is set as the default Basic ac mode zeroi...

Страница 59: ...the appropriate ZERO key on the front panel The following are the conditions that will cause the instrument to prompt the user to zero a channel The instrument was just turned on A probe was just inserted into the instrument Fifteen 15 minutes has elapsed since the instrument was turned on Fifteen 15 minutes has elapsed since a probe has been inserted The instrument s internal temperature has drif...

Страница 60: ... therefore it can only be used when dc mode is selected If you wish to suppress an ac field consider using the relative mode NOTE Making a manual adjustment to the zero point only affects the current range Adjustment may need to be repeated for other ranges UPDATE INTERVAL The update interval of the reading may be adjusted Shorter update intervals allow rapid fluctuations in flux density levels to...

Страница 61: ... For instance a reading of 125 0 is less than 99 0 or 150 0 If the reading exceeds the limit of the selected range the MIN and MAX functions will display OverRange in place of minimum and maximum flux density readings PEAK and VALLEY General Description PEAK and VALLEY hold modes are used to track rapid events such as magnetizing pulses Unlike MIN and MAX PEAK and VALLEY are not arithmetically pro...

Страница 62: ...re enabled in the HOLD menu will be displayed Pressing the HOLD key again will de activate the hold function To activate de activate hold functions for vector summation 1 Press and hold the ENTER key 2 With the ENTER key held press the channel 3 HOLD key To reset a channel s hold function 1 With the hold function active press the RESET key Note The hold functions are reset automatically when they ...

Страница 63: ...eld the probe from all external magnetic fields prior to performing a relative operation Provided with the instrument is a zero flux chamber which is capable of shielding against fields as high as 30 mT 300 G or 23 88 kA m The probe is simply inserted into the chamber before the relative operation begins Handle the Hall probe with care Do not bend the stem or apply pressure to the probe tip as dam...

Страница 64: ...dings from this point forward are relative and not absolute The relative value is subtracted from all future readings In the relative mode a reading of zero indicates that the actual flux density being measured is equal to the relative value Figure 6 5 Relative Value Indicator Rel 1 23456G To de activate the relative mode for a single channel 1 Press the RELATIVE key The RELATIVE key will disconti...

Страница 65: ...y the decimal point and or unit multiplier in the relative setting will advance 5 For dc mode operation position the pointer over the polarity indicator and press the ENTER key to change the setting 6 Position the pointer over each digit in the relative setting and use the ENTER key to advance the number 7 Exit the menu system Upon return to the measurement screen the relative function is enabled ...

Страница 66: ... probe is shown in Figure 6 6a The orientation of the probe and location of the X hall effect element is specified with a painted mark The straight side of the painted mark is parallel with the Y axis Figure 6 6b is an inside view that shows the locations of the X Y and Z hall effect elements The planes of the three Hall elements are orthogonal with one another The instrument will detect the prese...

Страница 67: ...readings from channels 1 2 and 3 R is the resultant vector sum magnitude computed from above On the display vector angles are indicated as x r y r and z r corresponding to θxr θyr and θzr respectively Vector Summation and Relative Mode Operation If the relative mode is enabled for individual channels the instrument will use those readings when calculating the vector summation When all three channe...

Страница 68: ...ugh the menu system or through the front panel keypad To activate de activate vector summation from the menu system 1 From the main menu choose DISPLAY 2 Use the active checkbox under the column labeled Vsum 3 Use the angle checkbox to activate deactivate angle information To activate de activate vector summation from the measurement screen 1 Press and hold the ENTER key 2 With the ENTER key held ...

Страница 69: ... the rms value of the ac component of a flux density signal These outputs may be connected to a voltmeter oscilloscope recorder or external analog to digital converter Note With dc mode operation and rms output settings only the ac component of the flux density is represented at the analog outputs See Section 2 Specifications for bandwidth and accuracy of the analog outputs Flux Density Range and ...

Страница 70: ... vector magnitudes to be fully represented at the analog outputs As an example consider all three channels set for the 300 gauss range and each channel measuring a flux density of 300 gauss In this situation the vector magnitude would be calculated as follows Vsum 300G 2 300G 2 300G 2 519 6 G With a full scale analog output voltage setting of 3 volts the output voltage would be approximately 5 2 v...

Страница 71: ...word Class will be displayed by itself Configuring the Classifier Settings Each channel has two flux density values that are set One value sets the upper limit and the other sets the lower limit It does not matter which value is chosen to be the upper or lower limit the instrument will automatically make this determination For dc mode operation polarity information needs to be specified With ac mo...

Страница 72: ... located on the rear panel of the instrument See Section 2 Specifications for pin assignments and response times of the relays If the measured field is within the pre defined classifier settings both relays are open and neither LED is illuminated If the measured field is above the defined limits the classifier high relay is closed causing the High LED to illuminate If the measured field is below t...

Страница 73: ...ysical abuse 3 One of the most common sources of error is the angular position of the probe with respect to the field being measured A Hall effect sensor is not only sensitive to the number of flux lines passing through it but also the angle at which they pass through it The Hall effect sensor produces the greatest signal when the flux lines are perpendicular to the sensor as shown in Figure 6 8 F...

Страница 74: ...magnet This can be caused by internal physical flaws such as hairline cracks or bubbles or an inconsistent mix of materials Generally the sensitive area of a Hall effect sensor is much smaller than the surface area of the magnet so the flux density variations are very apparent Figure 6 10 illustrates this situation Figure 6 10 Flux Density Variations in a Magnet 6 The accuracy of the instrument an...

Страница 75: ... the type of instrument used It defined a set of common commands that all instruments should respond to in a predictable manner Yet it did not specify which features or commands should be implemented for a particular instrument Later the SCPI 1991 standard Software Commands for Programmable Instruments defined specific commands and responses that covered a broad range of applications For a given m...

Страница 76: ... when commanded to do so by the controller As a listener the device receives device dependent data from a talker There can be many listeners at any given time The MODEL 7030 gauss tesla meter can act as a talker or a listener The bus is implemented on a standard 24 pin connector as shown in Figure 7 1 Figure 7 1 IEEE 488 Connector Pin 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 16 Data DIO These are the eight data lines DIO...

Страница 77: ... 23 24 Ground GND These are the common return lines for all other signals except earth ground Pin 12 Each device on the system bus must be assigned a unique address ranging from 00 to 31 decimal RS 232 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The instrument has been designed to interface directly to a 9 pin D serial connector on most personal computers using a straight through cable This means Pin 1 on the instrume...

Страница 78: ... not transmit data until the computer asserts the CTS line Likewise the computer should not transmit data until the instrument asserts the RTS line Hardware handshaking can be enabled or disabled from the COMMUNICATIONS menu It must also be enabled or disabled on the computer Software Handshaking Another way to control the flow of data is called software handshaking In this method two special char...

Страница 79: ...RS 232 serial communications or may be used to interface to the mouse If RS 232 is enabled the mouse is disabled and vice versa See Section 5 User Interface for information regarding the use of the mouse To enable disable RS 232 communications 1 From the main menu choose COMMUNICATIONS 2 Position the pointer over the checkbox next to the label RS 232 Enable and press the ENTER key Table 7 1 lists ...

Страница 80: ... COMMAND ULI STATEMENT BRIEF DESCRIPTION REN REMOTE 15 Enter remote mode disable front panel controls IFC ABORT Clears the interface and remote mode LLO LOCAL LOCKOUT Disable front panel controls GTL LOCAL 15 Cancel remote mode restore front panel controls DCL CLEAR Cancels all commands clears all queues affects all instruments on the bus SDC CLEAR 15 Same as DCL except only for this instrument SP...

Страница 81: ...wo buffers that accumulate messages Errors are generated by a variety of sources such as hardware errors or errors in the command syntax As errors occur messages are stored in an ERROR QUEUE They can be read by specific commands discussed later in this section Any time a command requests information from the instrument such as flux density readings instrument status or error messages the informati...

Страница 82: ...TION register but operates as a latch Whenever any bit in the CONDITION register goes to 1 a corresponding 1 is latched into the EVENT register and remains that way until cleared by a specific command The ENABLE register is a mask register that is used to generate the single status bit in the STATUS BYTE Setting any bit in the ENABLE register to 1 will allow a corresponding 1 in the EVENT register...

Страница 83: ...ch instrument s require service On the RS 232 port there is no hardware method of signaling a service request so the STATUS BYTE must be inspected polled to determine if service is required The RQS bit can set if any of the summary bits from the MEASUREMENT EVENT OPERATION EVENT STANDARD EVENT or QUESTIONABLE EVENT registers are set or if an error or output message is ready to be transmitted to th...

Страница 84: ...E EVENT register set and their respective enable bits are set the Questionable Summary Bit QSB will set MSB Measurement Summary Bit If any of the bits in the MEASUREMENT EVENT register set and their respective enable bits are set the Measurement Summary Bit MSB will set MAV Message Available This bit sets any time there is a message available in the output queue EAV Error Available This bit sets a...

Страница 85: ... since the last communication CME Command Error Indicates that there was a syntax or spelling error in the command or the command received is not supported EXE Execution Error Indicates that the instrument detected an error while attempting to execute a command DDE Device Dependent Error Indicates that the instrument did not operate properly due to some internal error QYE Query Error Indicates tha...

Страница 86: ...ifier function is enabled these bits indicate that the present reading is higher than the upper limit set for Channel 1 2 and or 3 LL1 LL2 LL3 Low Limit Exceeded When the classifier function is enabled these bits indicate that the present reading is below the lower limit set for Channel 1 2 and or 3 ROF1 ROF2 ROF3 Reading Overflow Indicates that the present reading exceeds the measurement range fo...

Страница 87: ...tes the instrument is performing a measurement on channel 1 2 or 3 respectively RANG1 RANG2 RANG3 The instrument is presently ranging on channel 1 2 or 3 respectively CAL The instrument is presently performing an internal calibration QUESTIONABLE EVENT REGISTER If any of these bits set and their respective enable bits are set the Questionable Summary Bit QSB will set in the STATUS BYTE Figure 7 8 ...

Страница 88: ...t is IDN 4 If a parameter follows a command it must be separated from the acronym by at least one space The parameter is the ASCII representation of a decimal integer For instance if the parameter to be sent is binary 1100 the actual parameter sent would be the two ASCII characters 12 since binary 1100 decimal 12 If you were to send the four ASCII characters 1100 it would be interpreted as decimal...

Страница 89: ...rument to a default operating condition SAV n Save setup Save the existing instrument setup in one of four non volatile memory locations SRE NRf Program SRQ enable Program SRQ enable register SRE SRQ enable query Read SRQ enable register STB Status byte query Read status byte register REN Remote enable Disable front panel controls GTL Go to local Enable front panel controls NOTE The parameter NRf ...

Страница 90: ...Y Indicates the existence and identity of all attached Hall probes Two numbers will be returned for Channel 1 s probe separated by a comma The first number is the model number of the probe and can be up to 12 characters in length such as STF71060815T If the probe is missing a 0 will be returned The second number is the probe s serial number and can be up to 10 characters in length such as 9923009 ...

Страница 91: ...ate the SRQ service request bus line NRf is an ASCII string representing an integer mask For instance a value of 45 decimal is the same as binary 00101101 thus setting bits 5 3 2 and 0 in the enable register SRE SRQ ENABLE REGISTER QUERY Read the contents of the SRQ ENABLE register The results are placed in the output queue of the instrument STB STATUS BYTE QUERY Read the contents of the STATUS BY...

Страница 92: ...an four letters and the fourth letter is a consonant drop all letters that follow it For instance the command MEASURE can be shortened to MEAS d If the command contains a question mark or a non optional parameter it must be included after the short form version For instance a query command of MEASURE TEMPERATURE can be shortened to MEAS TEMP e If the command contains a number as the last character...

Страница 93: ...ports a subset of the available SCPI commands However there are some functions that are not supported with standard SCPI commands In these cases these special commands are patterned after other SCPI commands that are similar in function Table 7 4a SCPI Error Message Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION SYSTem ERRor Retrieve next error message SYSTem ERRor NEXT Retrieve next error message Table 7 4b SCPI S...

Страница 94: ...T ANGLe Query the vector summation angular units UNIT TEMPerature C CEL F FAR K Define the temperature units UNIT TEMPerature Query the temperature units UNIT FLUX GAUSs TESLa AM OERSted Define the flux density units UNIT FLUX Query the flux density units UNIT TIMe SEC HZ Define the time based measurement units UNIT TIMe Query the time based measurement units Table 7 4e SCPI Range Commands COMMAND...

Страница 95: ...d channel with response Table 7 4j SCPI Relative Offset Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION INPut OFFSet NRf Set relative offset value INPut OFFSet Query relative offset value INPut OFFSet STATe b ONCe Enable disable the relative offset function INPut OFFSet STATe Query state of relative offset function Table 7 4k SCPI Analog Output Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION OUTPut COUPling1 AC DC Set the type of outp...

Страница 96: ...y the value being held by the MAX HOLD function CALCulate HOLD PEAK STATe b Enable disable the PEAK HOLD function CALCulate HOLD PEAK STATe Query the state of the PEAK HOLD function CALCulate HOLD PEAK CLEar Resets the value being held by the PEAK HOLD function CALCulate HOLD PEAK Query the value being held by the PEAK HOLD function CALCulate HOLD VALLey STATe b Enable disable the VALLEY HOLD func...

Страница 97: ... lost There are certain error status bits that will set in the STANDARD EVENT register These bits provide general error indications The error queue will provide more detailed information about the errors SYSTem ERRor SYSTem ERRor NEXT This command places the oldest error message in the output queue and removes it from the error queue SCPI COMMANDS SYSTEM INFORMATION AND CONFIGURATION COMMANDS SYST...

Страница 98: ...18 hours 7 am 07 hours 7 pm 19 hours 8 am 08 hours 8 pm 20 hours 9 am 09 hours 9 pm 21 hours 10 am 10 hours 10 pm 22 hours 11 am 11 hours 11 pm 23 hours SYSTem TIMe The contents of the instrument s real time clock will be returned using the following format hour minute second where hour is in the range of 0 23 see below minute is in the range of 1 59 second is in the range of 1 59 The clock suppor...

Страница 99: ...formation about advanced ac zeroing SYSTem AZERo The on off state of advanced ac zeroing is placed in the output queue INPut STATe b This command activates the channel when b is 1 or ON or deactivates the channel when b is 0 or OFF As a special case a channel number of 4 will activate or de activate the vector summation display INPut STATe The on off state of the channel OFF or ON is placed in the...

Страница 100: ... 45 decimal is the same as binary 00101101 thus setting bits 5 3 2 and 0 in the enable register STATus MEASurement ENABle STATus OPERation ENABle STATus QUEStionable ENABle Reads the contents of the specified EVENT ENABLE register and places it in the output queue STATus MEASurement CONDition STATus OPERation CONDition STATus QUEStionable CONDition Reads the contents of the specified EVENT CONDITI...

Страница 101: ...F or FAR or Kelvin K UNIT TEMPerature Places an ASCII string in the output queue representing the temperature units The ASCII string will be CEL for Celsius FAR for Fahrenheit or K for Kelvin UNIT FLUX GAUSs TESLa AM OERSted Specifies that the flux density units are to be in gauss GAUSs tesla TESLa amps per meter AM or oersted OERSted UNIT FLUX Places an ASCII string in the output queue representi...

Страница 102: ...s omitted then static dc operation is selected Also specifies one of four fixed operating ranges for the instrument as defined in the following table Table 7 6 Operating Ranges with Various Probes n Maximum Flux Density Using Low Field Probe Maximum Flux Density Using Mid Field Probe Maximum Flux Density Using High Field Probe 1 300 mG 30 µT 30 G 3 mT 300 G 30 mT 2 3 G 300 µT 300 G 30 mT 3 kG 300 ...

Страница 103: ... the hardware low pass filters Since these commands are channel specific the in each command should be replaced with the channel number 1 2 or 3 If the channel number is omitted then Channel 1 is assumed SENSe FLUX FILTer LPASs FREQuency NRf There are two choices for the cutoff frequency for the low pass filter 500 Hz or 5 kHz These are two pole filters with an attenuation of 12 db per octave NRf ...

Страница 104: ... rate 60 2 0 second update rate CALCulate AVERage COUNt A new measurement is acquired approximately every 0 032 seconds The system requires a minimum of 6 measurements to be averaged which results in a new flux density reading every 0 2 seconds For greater stability the number of measurements to average can be increased to 15 30 or 60 resulting in new flux density readings every 0 5 1 or 2 seconds...

Страница 105: ...easurement mode CALCulate LIMit LOWer DATa CALCulate LIMit UPPer DATa The requested classifier limit is placed in the output queue The limit will be between 0 0000000000 and 29999999 The meaning of the limit depends upon the currently selected unit of measure gauss tesla etc For instance the value 1 0203 could mean 1 0203 G or 1 0203 T CALCulate LIMit STATe b The classifier function is turned on w...

Страница 106: ... is in progress the ZERO status bit in the OPERATION CONDITION REGISTER will be set This command does not generate a response CALibration ZERo HSENsor INITiate Same as the CALibration ZERo HSENsor INITiate command but a response is returned upon completion of the zeroing process A 0 indicates successful completion otherwise a non zero number is returned indicating a failure SCPI COMMANDS RELATIVE ...

Страница 107: ...n b is 0 or OFF the RELATIVE function is turned off The present flux density readings will not be altered The previously defined relative offset value will be preserved When b is 1 or ON the RELATIVE function will be enabled A fixed relative offset value will be subtracted from all flux density readings This value could have been previously defined using the INPut OFFSet NRf command manually enter...

Страница 108: ...en the channel is configured for alternating ac flux density measurement you can select one of two signals to appear at the uncorrected analog output When AC is specified the signal will be the real time waveform as measured by the Hall probe When DC is specified the output signal will be a dc level representing the true rms value of the waveform When the channel is configured for static dc flux d...

Страница 109: ...e uncorrected analog output 0 0 to 10 0 is placed in the output queue OUTPut COUPling2 AC DC When the channel is configured for alternating ac flux density measurement you can select one of two signals to appear at the corrected analog output When AC is specified the signal will be the real time waveform as measured by the Hall probe within the low frequency limits of the corrected output When DC ...

Страница 110: ...2 6 volts Some data acquisition systems may require different analog input ranges For example assume such a system cannot accept signals greater than 2 0 volts In this case you can specify 2 0V as the full scale range of the analog output NRf 2 0 The relationship between the output voltage and the flux density reading is Full scale output voltage full scale flux density range For example assume th...

Страница 111: ...and the vector angles for Channel 1 2 and 3 are 49 2 degrees 18 1 degrees and 112 7 degrees respectively SCPI COMMANDS HOLD COMMANDS Since these commands are channel specific the in each command should be replaced with the channel number 1 2 or 3 If the channel number is omitted then Channel 1 is assumed A channel number of 4 affects the hold functions for vector summation CALCulate HOLD MINimum S...

Страница 112: ...and 29999999 The meaning of this value depends upon the currently selected unit of measure gauss tesla etc For instance the value 1 0203 could mean 1 0203 G or 1 0203 T CALCulate HOLD PEAK STATe b The PEAK HOLD function is turned on when b is 1 or ON or turned off when b is 0 or OFF CALCulate HOLD PEAK STATe The state of the PEAK HOLD function OFF or ON is placed in the output queue CALCulate HOLD...

Страница 113: ...nds are channel specific the in each command should be replaced with the channel number 1 2 or 3 If the channel number is omitted then Channel 1 is assumed MEASure FLUX The latest flux density reading is placed in the output queue and will be between 0 0000000000 and 29999999 The meaning of this value depends upon the currently selected unit of measure gauss tesla etc For instance the value 1 0203...

Страница 114: ...f the 50 Hz waveform which can range from 0 to 3 535 gauss the peak value of a 2 5 gauss rms signal is about 3 535 gauss The rate at which new flux density readings can be acquired using this command is roughly 100 per second but the speed of the communications port can degrade this For example suppose the abbreviated version of the command is issued such as MEAS1 FFL lf If the RS 232 port is used...

Страница 115: ...ond way to terminate a message is to assert the End or Identify EOI bus line at the same time the final character is sent to the instrument It is also acceptable to send the LF character and assert EOI with that character In most cases sending the LF character and or asserting the EOI line is a function of the IEEE 488 controller card being used and can be specified when the card s configuration p...

Страница 116: ...2 The RAV2 event will now set the MSB Measurement Summary Bit in the STATUS BYTE But this will not set the RQS bit unless the MSB event is enabled in the SRQ ENABLE register MSB is bit location D0 The decimal value that will set bit location D0 is 1 The common command is SRE 1 Now as soon as a reading is available the RQS bit will set and the SRQ interface line will be asserted For GPIB users the ...

Страница 117: ...commonly used Flux density also called magnetic induction is the number of flux lines passing through a given area It is commonly assigned the symbol B in scientific documents In the cgs system a gauss G is one line of flux passing through a 1 cm2 area The more commonly used term is the tesla T which is 10 000 lines per cm2 Thus 1 tesla 10 000 gauss 1 gauss 0 0001 tesla Magnetic field strength is ...

Страница 118: ...flux lines pass through the material producing a positive voltage in one direction and a negative voltage in the other If the same number of flux lines pass through the material in either direction the net result is zero volts This sensitivity to flux direction makes it possible to measure both static dc and alternating ac magnetic fields The Hall voltage is also a function of the angle at which t...

Страница 119: ...m manual calculations The classical approach to defining the location of a point in a two dimensional plane involves the use of the Cartesian coordinate system shown in Figure B 1 In this system a point can be defined by its combined horizontal x and vertical y distance from the origin of the graph the point where the x axis and y axis intersect In the example shown the point has coordinates of x ...

Страница 120: ...2 depicts this The classical representation defines the angle between the x axis and the vector sum rotating counterclockwise Quadrant I covers angles between 0 to 90 degrees Quadrant II from 90 to 180 degrees Q III from 180 to 270 degrees and Q IV from 270 to 360 degrees The angle α can be calculated as follows α cos 1 x r cos 1 3 5 83 59 0 degrees Figure B 2 Vector Angle in a Two Dimensional Sys...

Страница 121: ...x 12 y 6 and z 5 calculate the distance from the origin to the point as follows This distance is the vector sum of the individual x y and z vectors Figure B 3 Three Dimensional Co Ordinate System As in the two dimensional system it is often important to determine the angles between each axis and the summation vector in a three dimensional system as shown in Figure B 4 The angles can be calculated ...

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