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Fig. 9.2 – Switch Views Hierarchy

Fig. 9.3 – Configure Views Hierarchy

Fig. 9.3 shows the Configure view, which consists of four parts. The

GPON-port view

is used to configure

GPON interfaces. The

ONT view

is used to configure the ONT. ONT configuration templates are modified in

the

ONT template view

. The profile of the terminal configuration is configured in the

Profile view

9.2

CLI Automatic Code Completion

In order to make work with CLI faster and easier, an automatic code completion is implemented. A good

knowledge of CLI command system allows user to work with CLI as fast as with graphical interface.

For example, enter the

command in the

Top view

and press Tab:

LTP-8X# ex<Tab>
LTP-8X# exit

As this view has only one command with the

prefix, CLI automatically completes it.

If there are several commands with this prefix, CLI shows hints with possible options:

LTP-8X# co<Tab>
Configure copy
LTP-8X# con<Tab>
LTP-8X#configure

Содержание LTP-4X

Страница 1: ...1 Optical Line Terminals LTP 8X LTP 4X Operation Manual Firmware version 3 30 0 Issue 9 30 11 2017 ...

Страница 2: ...afety Requirements 24 7 2 Terminal Installation 25 Part II Getting Started with the Terminal 29 Chapter 8 Connecting to Terminal CLI 30 Introduction 30 8 1 Connecting to CLI via COM Port 30 8 2 Connecting to CLI via Telnet Protocol 31 8 3 Connecting to CLI via Secure Shell Protocol 33 Chapter 9 Getting Started with Terminal CLI 34 Introduction 34 9 1 CLI Views Hierarchy 34 9 2 CLI Automatic Code C...

Страница 3: ...onfiguration 49 Introduction 49 13 1 Configuring servers 49 13 2 ААА methods configuration 50 Chapter 14 Services Configuration 51 Introduction 51 14 1 SNMPD Configuration 51 14 2 NTPD Configuration 53 14 3 ACSD and DHCPD Configuration 54 14 4 LOGD Configuration 56 14 5 ALARMD Configuration 59 Chapter 15 VLAN Configuration 63 Introduction 63 15 1 Adding a VLAN 63 15 2 VLAN Configuration 63 15 3 De...

Страница 4: ...figuration 83 Introduction 83 21 1 LAG Configuration 84 Chapter 22 DHCP Relay Agent Configuration 87 Introduction 87 22 1 DHCP Relay Agent Profiles Management 88 22 2 DHCP Relay Agent Profiles Configuration 89 22 3 Monitoring Active DHCP Leases 90 22 4 Broadcast Unicast Relay Configuration 90 Chapter 23 PPPoE Intermediate Agent Configuration 92 Introduction 92 23 1 PPPoE Intermediate Agent Profile...

Страница 5: ...cedure 112 Chapter 29 DBA Configuration 136 Introduction 136 29 1 DBA Profiles Assignment 137 29 2 DBA Configuration 141 Chapter 30 Configuring Shaping 147 Introduction 147 30 1 Configuring Shaping parameters 147 Chapter 31 RG ONT 149 Introduction 149 31 1 Mixed Configuration 151 Chapter 32 High Speed Internet Configuration 154 Chapter 33 Multicast Configuration 155 Introduction 155 33 1 Model 1 M...

Страница 6: ...rt V Terminal Monitoring 174 Chapter 37 General 175 37 1 Information on Terminal Firmware Current Version 175 37 2 Terminal Information Preview 175 37 3 Information on Terminal Operating Time 176 37 4 Network Connection Check 176 Chapter 38 Terminal Operation Log 177 Chapter 39 Active Alarms Log 178 Chapter 40 GPON Monitoring 179 40 1 GPON OLT State 179 40 2 GPON Interface State 180 40 3 MAC Table...

Страница 7: ...placement 190 Chapter 44 Ventilation Units Replacement 192 Chapter 45 OLT Firmware Update 194 Chapter 46 ONT Firmware Update 195 Introduction 195 46 1 ONT Firmware Update Download 195 46 2 ONT Firmware Custom Update 196 46 3 ONT Firmware Autoupdate 197 Appendix A Connector Assignment of RS 232 Null Modem Cable 199 ...

Страница 8: ...oup Management Protocol IP Internet protocol OLT Optical Line Terminal ONT Optical Network Terminal ONU Optical Network Unit SNTP Simple Network time protocol SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SFP Small Form factor Pluggable URI Uniform Resource Identifier TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol FTP File Transfer Protocol ...

Страница 9: ... of additional RADIUS servers Configuration of entered commands in syslog Updated logging system description configuration for the interface in switch Storm control in switch Fan configuration Reset button configuration MAC Notification trap configuration OLTMAC parameter in Option 82 Changed a command for PPPoE sessions monitoring Changed a command for DHCP sessions monitoring Issue 8 13 12 2016 ...

Страница 10: ...24 3 Issue 5 17 12 2015 The manual was supplemented with commands for LTP R3 24 1 Issue 4 02 09 2015 The manual was adjusted to the LTP R3 24 0 command system Issue 3 25 07 2014 The manual was adjusted to the LTP 8X R3 20 2 command system Section 9 4 on group operations was added Chapter 36 describing operations with ONT configuration templates was added Issue 2 24 04 2014 Misprints were corrected...

Страница 11: ...11 Part I General ...

Страница 12: ...ess to new services based on IP protocol in addition to legacy ones The key GPON advantage is the use of one optical line terminal OLT for multiple optical network terminals ONT OLT converts Gigabit Ethernet and GPON interfaces and is used to connect a PON network with data communication networks of a higher level The range of OLT GPON equipment produced by Eltex comprises of LTP 8X terminal with ...

Страница 13: ...ess to the Internet IP TV video on demand VoD video conferencing online educational and entertainment programs The device has the following functions dynamic bandwidth allocation DBA support for quality assurance mechanisms QoS Strict priority WRR GPON ports prioritisation for different types of traffic according to 802 1p security functions ONT remote control automatic detection of new ONTs FEC e...

Страница 14: ...nal 2 A mounting set for 19 rack 3 An RS 232 DB9 F DB9 F console cable for LTP rev B an RJ 45 DB9 F console cable for LTP rev С 4 A CD with Operation Manual and Quick Setting Guide 5 A power cable if a 220 V power module is included in the package 6 Declaration of Conformity 7 Certificate of the device ...

Страница 15: ...Fiber optic cable SMF 9 125 G 652 Standards Digital RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication Splitting ratio 1 4 1 8 1 16 1 32 1 64 1 128 Class B Class C Range of coverage 20 km 40 km Transmitter 1490 nm DFB Laser 1490 nm DFB Laser Data rate 2488 Mbps 2488 Mbps Average launch power 1 5 5 dBm 3 7 dBm Spectral line width 20 dB 1 0 nm 1 0 nm Receiver 1310 nm APD TIA detector amplifier 1310 nm APD TIA...

Страница 16: ...l General Parameters Power supply AC 150 250 V 50 Hz DC 36 72 V Power supply options for LTP 4X 8X rev C one AC DC power supply two AC DC hot swappable power supplies Power consumption LTP 8X HW version 1vX not more than 20 W LTP 8X HW version 2vX not more than 55 W LTP 4X not more than 40 W Operating temperature range from 5 to 40 С Relative humidity up to 80 Dimensions 19 form factor 1U size Dim...

Страница 17: ...parameters such as temperature power voltage etc DDMI also measures the level of ONT signal RSSI All compatible transceivers support this function Table 5 1 The List of Compatible SFP Transceivers Vendor SFP transceiver model Class DDMI NEOPHOTONICS PTB38J0 6538E SC B NEOPHOTONICS 38J0 6537E STH1 C HP NEOPHOTONICS 38J0 6537E STH2 C HP NEOPHOTONICS 38J0 6537E STH3 C HP Ligent Photonics LTE3680M BC ...

Страница 18: ...TP 8X LTP 8X rev B Terminal Fig 6 2 Front Panel of the LTP 4X Terminal Fig 6 3 Front Panel of the LTP 8X rev C Terminal Table 6 1 Description of the Connectors LEDs and Controls Located on the Front Panel of LTP 8X LTP 4X 8X rev B No Component Description 1 Console RS 232 port for local control of the terminal 2 GE Port 0 3 4 RJ 45 connectors of 10 100 1000Base T Gigabit uplink interface for conne...

Страница 19: ...2 5 G for LTP 8X 6 Power Power indicator of the terminal 7 Status Operating indicator of the terminal 8 F A functional key that reboots the terminal and resets it to factory settings press the key for less than 10 seconds to reboot the terminal press the key for more than 10 seconds to reset the terminal to factory settings Table 6 2 Description of the Connectors LEDs and Controls Located on the F...

Страница 20: ... to IP networks for LTP 4X 4 RJ 45 connectors of 10 100 1000Base T Gigabit uplink interface for connection to IP networks for LTP 4X 4 7 4 chassis for SFP modules of 1000Base X uplink interface for connection to IP networks for LTP 8X 4 RJ 45 connectors of 10 100 1000Base T Gigabit uplink interface for connection to IP networks for LTP 8X 9 10G 1G 0 1 2 chassis for SFP modules of 10GBase 1000Base ...

Страница 21: ...6 Rear Panel of the LTP 4X 8X rev C Optical Line Terminal with Two Power Modules Table 6 3 Description of the Rear Panel Connectors Component Description 36 72 VDC max 5 A Connector for DC power supply 160 250 VAC 50 Hz max 1 A Connector for AC power supply Fan0 Fan1 Ventilation units Earth bonding point Earth bonding point of the terminal fan1 fan0 fan1 fan0 fan1 fan0 ...

Страница 22: ...ndicator Name Indicator Status Device Status Power solid green The device is powered on and in normal operation off The device is powered off red The primary source of the main power supply is unavailable in case the device is connected to a redundant power supply or the main power supply failed Status flashes green Normal operation flashes red Critical failure Fan solid green All fans are operati...

Страница 23: ...erminal have ventilation grids for heat removal The rear panel has two ventilation units installed Fig 6 4 Fig 6 5 Fig 6 6 Air flows in through the perforated front and side panels circulates through all internal components cools them down and then is removed by fans located on the perforated rear panel The device incorporates 2 fans The ventilation units are detachable The procedure for dismantle...

Страница 24: ...terminal is dedicated to 24 7 operation in environment complying with the following requirements ambient temperature from 5 to 40 C relative humidity up to 80 at 25 C atmosphere pressure from 6 0 104 to 10 7 104 Pa from 450 to 800 mm Hg 4 The terminal should not be exposed to mechanical shock vibration smoke dust water and chemicals 5 In order to avoid components overheating which may result in te...

Страница 25: ...allation Check the terminal for visible mechanical damage before installing and turning the terminal on In case of any damage stop the installation fill in a corresponding document and contact your supplier If the terminal was exposed to low temperatures for a long time before installation leave it for 2 hours at ambient temperature prior to operation If the terminal was exposed to high humidity f...

Страница 26: ... the guides to ensure the terminal horizontal installation Step 3 Use a screwdriver to screw the terminal to the rack The terminal is horizontally ventilated The side panels have air vents Do not block the air vents to avoid components overheating and subsequent terminal malfunction To avoid overheating and provide necessary ventilation of the terminal sufficient space should be provided above and...

Страница 27: ...ower module is shown in Fig 7 3 The LTP 4X rev C and LTP 8X rev C terminals can use one or two power modules Installation of the second power module is necessary when the device operates under strict reliability requirements In case of using two power supply modules it is allowed to use different power plants for supplying with different voltage Fig 7 3 Power Module Installation Fig 7 4 Installati...

Страница 28: ... 7 2 to power on To install the device Step 1 Assemble the device In case of installation to a 19 form factor rack mount the support brackets from the delivery package to the rack Step 2 Ground the case of the device This should be done prior to connecting the device to power supply An insulated multiconductor wire should be used for earthing The device grounding and the earthing wire section shou...

Страница 29: ...29 Part II Getting Started with the Terminal ...

Страница 30: ...upplied with an USB COM adapter cable The PC should also have a terminal program installed e g Hyperterminal Step 1 Use the null modem cable from the delivery package to connect the console port of the terminal to the PC COM port as shown in Fig 8 1 Fig 8 1 Connecting the Terminal to a PC via COM Port Step 2 Launch the terminal program and create a new connection Select the corresponding COM port ...

Страница 31: ...esktop This section considers direct connection to CLI at the terminal location Remote connection is similar but requires changes in the terminal IP address that will be considered in detail in Chapter 11 In order to be connected to the terminal a PC should have a Network Interface Card NIC The connection will additionally require the sufficient amount of network cable Patching Cord RJ45 as it is ...

Страница 32: ...g 8 4 Running the Telnet Client Step 4 Log into the terminal CLI Factory settings login admin password password Trying 192 168 1 2 Connected to 192 168 1 2 Escape character is Optical line terminal LTP_8X_REVC LTP 8X login admin Password Eltex LTP 8X rev C software version 3 26 1 build 1347 on 12 12 2016 14 17 Technical support http eltex nsk ru support Sat Jan 1 21 19 02 LOCAL 2000 LTP 8X ...

Страница 33: ...rminal a PC should have a NIC The PC should have an SSH client installed e g PuTTY The connection will additionally require the sufficient amount of network cable Patch Cord RJ 45 as it is not included in the delivery package Step 1 Perform steps 1 and 2 from Section 8 2 Step 2 Run PuTTY Enter IP address of the terminal The factory setting for the IP address is 192 168 1 2 Select port 22 and SSH p...

Страница 34: ...their length Fig 9 1 shows a graphic chart of main views and the commands to switch between them Fig 9 1 CLI Views Hierarchy The Top view includes general commands which refer to the device in general For instance view terminal parameters firmware update reboot etc The Switch view is a group of switch related commands VLAN GE interfaces LACP etc The Configure view is a list of terminal configurati...

Страница 35: ...ofile view 9 2 CLI Automatic Code Completion In order to make work with CLI faster and easier an automatic code completion is implemented A good knowledge of CLI command system allows user to work with CLI as fast as with graphical interface For example enter the ex command in the Top view and press Tab LTP 8X ex Tab LTP 8X exit As this view has only one command with the ex prefix CLI automaticall...

Страница 36: ...P 8X exit Up LTP 8X show uptime Up up 1 day 23 44 9 4 Group Operations Group operations can be performed on such terminal configuration objects as interfaces and ONT It is especially convenient when you have to apply the same actions to multiple objects To perform a group operation select the range of object IDs instead of one object ID This feature is supported by a majority of CLI commands For e...

Страница 37: ...37 Part III Configuring the Terminal ...

Страница 38: ...he configuration structure Fig 10 1 The Structure of Terminal Configuration System is a general system part This group includes such settings as network settings services configuration user table etc Switch represents a switch configuration This group includes configuration parameters for Ethernet interfaces of the front panel as well as VLAN settings GPON contains 5 subparts OLT settings for GPON...

Страница 39: ...lback command to discard the changes and apply the current Running configuration The save command saves the Running configuration into NVRAM of the terminal Fig 10 2 shows a chart of configuration lifecycle Fig 10 2 Configuration Lifecycle Chart of the Terminal 10 3 Configuration Autosave In some cases for example when several operators are working on the terminal or the terminal is automatically ...

Страница 40: ...after abnormal situations or replacement Manual or triggered on events creation of backups is recommended at a regular basis Terminal configuration is uploaded to a TFTP server which is available in the management network The copy command is used to upload the data Pass the uploaded terminal configuration fs config and destination URI as parameters LTP 8X copy fs config tftp 192 168 1 1 config Upl...

Страница 41: ...red from a TFTP server which is available in the management network The copy command is used to restore the data Define source URI as parameter and fs config as restored configuration LTP 8X copy tftp 10 0 105 1 config fs config Download file from TFTP server Reading of the configuration file Configuration have been successfully restored all not saved changes was lost 10 6 Configuration Reset To r...

Страница 42: ...nt command to view the current network settings LTP 8X show management Network Hostname LTP 8X Ipaddr 192 168 1 2 Netmask 255 255 255 0 Vlan management 1 Gateway 0 0 0 0 Vlan prio 7 Dscp 63 Step 2 Switch to the configure view Set the terminal name by using the hostname command LTP 8X configure terminal LTP 8X config hostname LTP 8X 1 Step 3 Set the terminal IP address by using the management ip co...

Страница 43: ...ent cos 5 Proper operation of the inband management function requires VLAN adjustment in the switch view as described in Chapter 15 Step 7 Set MAC addresses aging by using the gpon network mac age time command Pass time in seconds as a parameter LTP 8X config gpon network mac age time 7200 Step 8 The network settings will change as soon as the configuration is applied No terminal reboot is needed ...

Страница 44: ...erminal users For these purposes each user gets his own level of privileges Level 0 corresponds to a minimum set of permissions Level 15 to a maximum set of permissions CLI commands are ranked by the level of privileges Level 0 commands are available to all users Level 15 commands are available only to Level 15 users Thus the level of commands available to a user does not exceed the user s level T...

Страница 45: ...ont profile view switch interfaces config alarm config system config general 12 view switch view alarm view system view general view gpon view ont view ont profile view switch interfaces config switch config alarm config system config general config switch interfaces 13 view gpon view ont view ont profile 14 15 view switch view alarm view system view general view gpon view ont view ont profile vie...

Страница 46: ...h interfaces 10 view switch view alarm view system view general view gpon view ont view ont profile view switch interfaces 11 view switch view alarm view system view general view gpon view ont view ont profile view switch interfaces config alarm config system config general 12 view switch view alarm view system view general view gpon view ont view ont profile view switch interfaces config switch c...

Страница 47: ...w password as parameters LTP 8X config user operator password newpassword The password should not be longer than 31 characters and shorter than 8 characters If the password contains a space use quotations for the password 12 4 Viewing and Changing User Access Rights To manage user access rights a user priority system is implemented A newly created user is granted with a minimal set of permissions ...

Страница 48: ...48 12 5 Deleting a User To delete a user enter the no user command in the configure view Pass the user name as a parameter LTP 8X configure terminal LTP 8X config no user operator ...

Страница 49: ...ting commands 13 1 Configuring servers The principles of servers configuration are common for supported protocols You can configure an IP address key response timeout and a data exchange port for each server You can set up to 3 servers for the RADIUS The LTP will apply to the servers according to their priorities If the priority is not set the 0 priority the highest will be used by default Step 1 ...

Страница 50: ...ods configuration By default every AAA function is implemented locally local user data base is used for authentication and authorization accounting via a remote server is disabled For using of configured in previous steps servers define a method of a function performing Step 1 Select an authentication method LTP 8X configure terminal LTP 8X config aaa authentication radius Step 2 Select an authori...

Страница 51: ...nt system the terminal should be configured to work with Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Step 1 Switch to the configure view LTP 8X configure terminal Step 2 Enable the SNMP agent of the terminal by using snmp enable command LTP 8X config ip snmp enable Step 3 Enable ACL check by using snmp access control command if necessary Add the record into the whitelist by using snmp allow command Pa...

Страница 52: ...ss control false Allow ip list is empty Traps 0 Type v2 Ipaddr 192 168 1 13 Traps 1 Type v1 Ipaddr 192 168 1 113 Version v2 Communityro public Communityrw private Trap community public Location admin Contact admin Alias for showing use separate command EngineID 0x6C2A20B42CB28232FABEA8EE19 Users for showing use separate command LTP 8X config Step 6 The settings of the SNMP agent change as soon as ...

Страница 53: ...og to show correct time and for automated operations to be performed in time time synchronisation should be adjusted with the help of the NTP protocol Step 1 Switch to the configure view LTP 8X configure terminal Step 2 Enable time synchronisation by using the ip ntp enable command Specify the IP address to be used for synchronisation in the ip ntp ip command LTP 8X config ip ntp enable LTP 8X con...

Страница 54: ...o the configure view LTP 8X configure terminal Step 2 Turn on the ACS server by using the ip acs server enable command LTP 8X config ip acs server enable Step 3 If necessary set the IP address server mask and identifier of the management VLAN which will be used to send packets between ACS and ONTs By default mask 21 is set which enables 2 046 hosts per network LTP 8X config ip acs server ip 192 16...

Страница 55: ... the ip dhcp server option 43 command to configure output of option 43 in the DHCP offer packet for correct connection of ONTs to the ACS server View general settings of ACSD and DHCPD to check the format of the option LTP 8X config ip dhcp server option 43 Step 5 Check the changes by using the do show ip acs server command LTP 8X config do show ip acs server ACS server Enabled true Ip 192 168 200...

Страница 56: ...es from the pmchal subsystem of interprocess communication pmchal gpon GPON messages pmchal machine Messages on operation of state machines for OLT channels and ONT pmchal olt OLT general information pmchal gpon port Information about GPON channels pmchal ont ONT information pmchal scheduler Messages from the scheduler subsystem pmchal rdn Messages on GPON channels reservation pmchal dhcpra Messag...

Страница 57: ...le console Being used for log display the console allows system messages to be visible as soon as they are received in the terminal connected to the Console port CLI sessions rsh Being used for log display CLI sessions allow system messages to be visible as soon as they are received in all CLI sessions connected via telnel or SSH File file Logging into a file allows system messages to be written d...

Страница 58: ...onfig logging permanent If you enter no before the command the logs will be recorded to RAM In this case the logs will be erased after reboot 14 4 4 System Log Configuration Step 1 Use the logging buffer command to specify the memory size in bytes to be used for system log storage LTP 8X config logging buffer 262144 Step 2 If necessary use the logging remote command to specify the IP address of th...

Страница 59: ...s log an event corresponds to an event which happened in the terminal Types of events and their descriptions are provided in Table 14 4 Table 14 4 Types of Events in the Active Alarms Log Event Description Threshold ram Free RAM size decreased to the threshold 30 login User tried to log in or logged in using their credentials config_save User saved the configuration firmware_update LTP 8X firmware...

Страница 60: ...ig_change OLT configuration changed shutdown SNMP agent shut down oms OMS MIB operation completed successfully with errors ont_state_changed ONT status changed ont_config_changed ONT configuration changed gpon_port_state_changed OLT channel configuration changed pon_alarm_gpon_port Event related to OLT channel pon_alarm_onui Event related to ONT ont_update_inprogress Updating ONT firmware olt_devi...

Страница 61: ...event type Table 14 5 Parameters of Events in the Active Alarms Log Token Description severity Describes event severity Has four statuses info minor major critical send on in Specifies whether an SNMP trap should be sent when an event is added to the log Has two states true false send on out Specifies whether an SNMP trap should be sent when an event is deleted from the log Has two states true fal...

Страница 62: ...rm temperature severity critical LTP 8X config alarm temperature in LTP 8X config alarm temperature out LTP 8X config alarm temperature ttl 0 Step 3 Apply the changes by using the do commit command LTP 8X config do commit ...

Страница 63: ...terface has a VLAN tag An outgoing packet of an untagged interface has no VLAN tags 15 1 Adding a VLAN Step 1 VLAN is configured in the terminal switch Execute the switch and configure commands consecutively to switch to the config view LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config Step 2 Add a VLAN by using the vlan command Pass VID as a parameter LTP 8X switch config vlan 5 LTP 8X s...

Страница 64: ...rier fast leave command By default this mode is disabled DSCP and 802 1P marking for IGMP query is configured by means of the ip igmp snooping querier user prio and ip igmp snooping querier dscp commands LTP 8X switch config vlan ip igmp snooping querier enable LTP 8X switch config vlan ip igmp snooping querier fast leave LTP 8X switch config vlan ip igmp snooping querier user prio 4 LTP 8X switch...

Страница 65: ...rier dscp 40 Step 9 Configure MLD if needed Compatible versions v1 v2 LTP 8X switch config vlan ipv6 mld version v1 v2 Interval between queries LTP 8X switch config vlan ipv6 mld query interval 125 Maximum query response time LTP 8X switch config vlan ipv6 mld query response interval 10 Interval between Group Specific Queries LTP 8X switch config vlan ipv6 mld last member query interval 1 Robustne...

Страница 66: ...00 Vlan no permit any any vlan 10 COS yes permit any any vlan any cos 4 4 Ethertype yes Permit any any vlan any cos any ethertype 0x0800 0xFF00 Step 1 Create a mac access list LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config mac access list extended eltexsrc Step 2 Configure rules and assign the list to a port LTP 8X switch config mac al deny A8 f9 4B 00 AA 00 FF FF FF FF FF 00 any LTP 8...

Страница 67: ... any any dscp any mac any A8 F9 4B 00 00 00 FF FF FF 00 00 00 Vlan no permit any any any dscp any mac any any vlan 10 COS yes permit any any any dscp any mac any any vlan any cos 4 4 Ethertype yes permit any any any dscp any mac any any vlan any cos any ethertype 0x0800 0xFF00 Step 1 Create an ip access list LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config ip access list extended filter5...

Страница 68: ...ac 0 5 mac inner tag 0 1 mac outer tag 0 1 mac ethtype 0 1 ip l3 0 23 ip l4 0 89 permit any any vlan any cos any ethertype any offset list eltex1p Step 1 Create an access list LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config ip access list extended EltexOUI Step 2 Configure rules and assign the list to a port LTP 8X switch config mac al offset list e1 l2 0 FF A8 l2 1 FF F9 l2 2 FF 4B LTP...

Страница 69: ...class LTP 8X switch config class sip dhcp class match access group sip dhcp acl LTP 8X switch config class sip dhcp class exit Step 3 Set policy LTP 8X switch config policy map cos7 LTP 8X switch policy class cos7 class sip dhcp class LTP 8X switch traffic class sip dhcp class cos 7 LTP 8X switch traffic class sip dhcp class exit LTP 8X switch policy class cos7 exit LTP 8X switch config interface ...

Страница 70: ...xecute the switch and configure commands consecutively to switch to the config view LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config Step 2 Enable IGMP snooping by using the ip igmp snooping command LTP 8X switch config ip igmp snooping Step 3 Enable MLD snooping by using the ip igmp snooping command TP 8X switch config ipv6 mld snooping Snooping is globally enabled in all VLANs MLD snoo...

Страница 71: ...8X switch config ip igmp proxy report range 224 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 from 200 to 98 Step 3 Enable MLD report proxy between VLANs with the help of the ipv6 mld proxy report enable command LTP 8X switch config ipv6 mld proxy report enable Step 4 Set MLD report proxy rules by using the ipv6 mld proxy report range command As parameters pass a range of acceptable groups and the proxy direction as a VI...

Страница 72: ...terminal interfaces Terminal interfaces can be divided into two groups Ethernet interfaces and GPON interfaces Ethernet interfaces are used for terminal connection to operator s network core GPON interfaces are used for ONT connections Fig 18 1 A Set of Interfaces for a Terminal with PCB Rev 1 ...

Страница 73: ...port 2 0 1 front port front port for LTP 8X 8 0 7 for LTP 4X 4 0 3 pon port for PCB rev 1 LTP 8X 2 0 1 for PCB rev 2 LTP 4X 4 0 3 for PCB rev 2 LTP 8X 8 0 7 18 1 Ethernet Interfaces Configuration Step 1 Switch to the view of the interface of interface group which settings should be changed LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config interface front port 0 LTP 8X switch config if ...

Страница 74: ...d Step 6 Specify the port pvid i e the VLAN which will accommodate untagged packets Specify the pup value which is the priority of untagged packets LTP 8X switch config if pvid 100 LTP 8X switch config if pup 0 Step 7 If necessary enable or disable packets transfer from this interface to another one or a range of interfaces by using the bridging to command Pass interface type and number or a range...

Страница 75: ... notification removed Step 13 Apply the configuration by using the commit command LTP 8X switch config if exit LTP 8X switch config commit 18 2 Configuring Storm Control A storm appears due to excessive number of broadcast or and multicast messages transmitted on the network via a single port simultaneously It leads to an overload of the network resources and appearing of delays A storm also can b...

Страница 76: ...ated by password serial number or both LTP 8X config gpon olt authentication both Step 4 Specify time of ONT blocking in minutes in case of mac duplication or storm appearing See chapter Ошибка Источник ссылки не найден LTP 8X config gpon olt ont block time 1 It is possible to receive a PON password of non configured ONTs in an ALARM trap LTP 8X config gpon olt password in trap Step 4 Switch to GP...

Страница 77: ...nd controlling ports and select the type of the traffic ingress or egress which will be sent to the controlling port 18 4 1 Configuration of the Controlled Port Step 1 Mirroring is configured in the terminal switch Execute the switch and configure commands consecutively to switch to the config view LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config Step 2 Configure the pon port mirroring f...

Страница 78: ...ported by the SNMP agent 19 1 LLDP configuration Step 1 Activate the LLDP LTP 8X switch config lldp enable Step 2 If necessary configure LLDPDU transfer mode LTP 8X switch config interface front port 0 LTP 8X switch config if lldp mode transmit receive Step 3 Configure optional LLDP TLV for ports LTP 8X switch config if lldp optional tlv sys desc LTP 8X switch config if lldp optional tlv port desc...

Страница 79: ... changes of the values or statuses in MIB LLDP local bases LTP 8X switch config lldp tx delay 3 It is recommended that the value of delay is less than 0 25 LLDP Timer Step 8 Set the LLDP packet processing mode LLDP packet processing mode filtering indicates that LLDP packets are filtered if LLDP is enabled on the switch flooding indicates that LLDP packets are transmitted if LLDP is enabled on the...

Страница 80: ...tic entries LTP 8X switch config ip arp inspection LTP 8X switch config ip arp inspection static table 1 1 1 1 A8 F9 4B 11 11 01 LTP 8X switch config ip arp inspection static table 1 1 1 2 A8 F9 4B 11 11 10 vlan 10 Step 3 Configure trusted and untrusted interfaces LTP 8X switch config interface front port 7 LTP 8X switch config if no ip arp inspection trusted LTP 8X switch config interface front p...

Страница 81: ...Using qos map command set rules for translation of 802 1p and DSCP TOS to a queue number Send field type and priorities lists as parameters LTP 8X switch config qos map 1 0 4 15 63 to 6 LTP 8X switch config commit LTP 8X switch config exit LTP 8X switch show qos Priority assignment by 802 1p packet field Default priority queue is 0 DSCP queues 7 63 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 802 1p queues 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2...

Страница 82: ... enable 4 Step 2 The weight of each queue starting with the 7th LTP 8X switch config qos wrr queues 1 1 1 1 60 20 15 5 Step 3 Save the configuration LTP 8X switch config commit LTP 8X switch config exit LTP 8X switch exit LTP 8X save ...

Страница 83: ...ommunication links of a group are always active As for dynamic aggregation link activity is dynamically determined during operation via LACP protocol Table 21 1 Operation Modes of Aggregation Groups Mode Description static Link aggregation protocol is not used lacp LACP is used The terminal has several algorithms of load balancing within aggregation groups Table 21 2 Load Balancing Modes Mode Desc...

Страница 84: ...CP To configure LAG perform the steps marked blue in Fig 21 2 LACP configuration requires all steps to be performed Fig 21 2 LAG and LACP Configuration Procedure Step 1 LAG is configured in the terminal switch Execute the switch and configure commands consecutively to switch to the config view LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config Step 2 Create a port channel logical interface...

Страница 85: ...Specify load balancing rules with the help of the port channel load balance command if needed Pass the load balancing mode as a parameter Balancing modes are specified in Table 21 2 LTP 8X switch config port channel load balance ip The port channel load balance command can be executed in the config view of the terminal switch Step 7 When used for load balancing L4 parameters require a long hash En...

Страница 86: ...iority 256 The lacp port priority command can be executed in the config view of a switch interface Step 10 This step should only be performed for LACP configuration Use the lacp mode command to set an active or passive LACP mode LTP 8X switch config if exit LTP 8X switch config interface port channel 3 LTP 8X switch config if lacp mode active Step 11 This step should only be performed for LACP con...

Страница 87: ...ed with the help of the tokens listed in Table 22 1 The placeholders will be replaced with corresponding values while the rest of the words will be passed as is Table 22 1 DHCP Option 82 Tokens Token Description HOSTNAME Terminal network name MNGIP Terminal IP address GPON PORT Number of the OLT channel the DHCP request arrived from ONTID ID of the ONT which sent the DHCP request PONSERIAL Serial ...

Страница 88: ... olt profile dhcpra dhcp ra 00 Step 2 Create a new DHCP Relay Agent profile with the help of the profile dhcp ra command if necessary Pass profile name as a parameter LTP 8X config profile dhcp ra dhcp ra 01 LTP 8X config dhcp ra dhcp ra 01 exit Step 3 Assign the newly created profile to a selected VLAN with the gpon olt profile dhcpra dhcp ra 01 command As a parameter pass the VID which requires ...

Страница 89: ...ection with the help of the dos block command if needed Specify a threshold for the number of DHCP queries per second that will block queries when exceeded Use the dos block packet limit command for it Use the dos block block time command to specify the blocking time in seconds LTP 8X config dhcp ra dhcp ra 01 dos block LTP 8X config dhcp ra dhcp ra 01 dos block packet limit 200 LTP 8X config dhcp...

Страница 90: ...f the VLAN the service is provided for If the address of the DHCP server is in the same network as the management interface skip Step 3 If the DHCP server is in the VLAN which is specified in cross connect the IP address of the interface being created should be in the same network as the DHCP server and you should skip Step 3 LTP 8X switch config vlan 2000 LTP 8X switch config vlan ip address 10 1...

Страница 91: ...sts is implemented is the same as management VLAN of OLT e g OLT connects to only one VLAN or traffic untagged you need to explicitly enable redirection of DHCP requests on the VLAN LTP 8X switch config vlan 1209 LTP 8X switch config vlan ip dhcp relaying ...

Страница 92: ...e ID The format of the suboptions is configured with the help of the tokens listed in Table 19 1 The placeholders will be replaced with corresponding values while the rest of the words will be passed as is Table 19 1 Vendor Specific Tag Tokens Token Description HOSTNAME Terminal network name MNGIP Terminal IP address GPON PORT Number of the OLT channel the PADI request arrived from ONTID ID of the...

Страница 93: ...f needed Specify a threshold for the number of DHCP queries per second that will block queries when exceeded Use the dos block packet limit command for it Use the dos block block time command to specify the blocking time in seconds LTP 8X config pppoe ia pppoe ia 00 dos block LTP 8X config pppoe ia pppoe ia 00 dos block packet limit 200 LTP 8X config pppoe ia pppoe ia 00 dos block block time 300 S...

Страница 94: ...Due to the fact that system resources are used for each session in this mode there are 8192 sessions to be initialized through the OLT the maximum session limit value If you need to bypass this limit and save opportunity to fill the Vendor Specific tag fields you can disable the monitoring Use the following command LTP 8X config pppoe ia pppoe ia 00 no sessions monitoring enable LTP 8X config pppo...

Страница 95: ...matches and information about lease period Only the packets with source MAC and source IP fields matching the records in the DHCP snooping table are passed from the client To support client equipment with static IP addresses static entries can be created in the dynamic mode To enable the IP Source Guard functions enable DHCP RA For more information on DHCP RA see Chapter 22 These functions are not...

Страница 96: ...HCP snooping table might be lost In this case the service will not work until the address is prolonged or received again The problem usually occures when lease time is long You may solve the problem by saving of snooping table in non volatile memory Step 1 Configure saving of IP Source Guard entries by timer LTP 8X config ip source guard database enable LTP 8X config ip source guard database updat...

Страница 97: ...97 Mac 00 22 B0 50 59 71 Interface ont 0 4 Service 2 Vlan 10 Allowed Vlan 20 Allowed IP Source Guard Database will work only if automatic time synchronization is implemented via NTP ...

Страница 98: ...98 Part IV ONT Configuration ...

Страница 99: ... VLAN is used to provide services to each user between the OLT and service routers Service GEM ports are created for every OLT service between every ONT and the OLT When a service request is generated upstream records are added to the MAC table in the OLT according to C VLAN In case of downstream traffic a corresponding GEM port is determined for a definite service according to the MAC table in th...

Страница 100: ... S VLAN and subscriber s MAC address In case of downstream traffic a corresponding subscriber of the service is determined based on the MAC table If the destination address of the downstream transmission is unknown broadcast or unknown unicast i e the GEM port cannot be determined two options are available transmission through a dedicated broadcast GEM port traffic is transmitted to all subscriber...

Страница 101: ...odel does not have dedicated broadcast GEM ports and uses U VLAN on the ONT side Model 2 is an implementation of the VLAN for Service service model This model uses a dedicated broadcast GEM port Model 3 is an implementation of the VLAN for Service service model This model uses a dedicated broadcast GEM port It differs from Model 2 by the order of S VLAN to U VLAN modification Table 25 1 Service Mo...

Страница 102: ...with a TR 069 client with the help of a corresponding interface The VoIP Internet and IPTV unicast services can operate in the router or bridge modes depending on the ONT configuration The chart shows all services configured in the router mode Broadcast and unknown unicast traffic is transmitted in this model by replicating a corresponding packet broadcast or unknown unicast to the OLT C VLAN repl...

Страница 103: ...ernet and IPTV unicast services in the ONT In general this model is similar to Model 3 except the following transmission of C VLAN to U VLAN is performed on the OLT side while the VoIP Internet and IPTV unicast traffic comes to U VLAN in the ONT Thus the model implements VLAN for Service for the VoIP Internet IPTV unicast and TR 069 services 25 1 3 Model 3 Consider an example of Model 3 implementa...

Страница 104: ...st are replicated neither in the OLT nor in the ONT since every service has a separate S VLAN for broadcast and unknown unicast traffic Fig 25 5 Service Model 3 Chart Thus the model implements VLAN for Service 25 2 Model Configuration Step 1 Check the current configuration with the help of the show gpon olt configuration command LTP 8X show gpon olt configuration Datapath Model model2 Broadcast ge...

Страница 105: ...is not valid configuration will not continue 26 1 Loading a License File to OLT A license is a text file of the following format version VER type all count count sn SN mac MAC sign hash Where VER license file version number count number of third party ONTs enabled on the OLT SN LTP serial number MAC LTP MAC address hash license file digital signature There are two ways to load a license to OLT 1 U...

Страница 106: ...brackets Having loaded a license by any of the methods above restart the LTP LTP 8X reboot To view information about the license on the device use the show command LTP 8X show license Active license information License valid yes Version 1 2 Board SN GP2B000022 Licensed vendor all Licensed ONT count 10 Licensed ONT online 3 The license file remains after device reload firmware update and configurat...

Страница 107: ... for Knowing GPON technology and Eltex equipment Fast testing of the main capabilities of the equipment Automatic configuring of the equipment on a network 27 2 Software and hardware requirements The EasyMode is supported by the hardware of B and C revisions and by NTU terminals For EasyMade operation it is necessary to use the software no below than For LTP 8X 4X 3 26 1 For NTU 1 3 24 0 For NTU 2...

Страница 108: ...mmunication channels are created depends on the selected service model ONT configuration includes specification of configuration profiles and individual ONT parameters Configuration profiles allow general parameters to be set for all or for a range of ONTs Profile parameters may include for instance DBA settings configuration of VLAN operations in OLT and ONT settings of Ethernet ports in ONT Spec...

Страница 109: ...dba profile allocates an Alloc ID for this ONT and associates a corresponding GEM port to the Alloc ID Table 28 1 ONT Profiles Profile Description cross connect Defines VLAN transformation in OLT and ONT dba alloc Defines upstream traffic parameters shaping Defines restrictions for upstream and downstream service traffic management Defines TR 69 management service parameters ports Defines user por...

Страница 110: ...opied from the external one in this case If the Q in Q mode is not used only the outer vid and outer cos parameters are valid The u vid and u cos parameters allow a tag to be specified which will be used on the ONT side Step 5 The mac table entry limit parameter allows restriction of records number in the MAC table of the OLT for this service Step 6 The priority queue parameter allows allocation o...

Страница 111: ...e group parameter Value 0 means that the port is associated with the RG domain router Other values mean port association with the OMCI domain i e the port can be directly used in OLT to establish a data communication channel Step 2 IGMP and multicast configuration is described in detail in Chapter 17 28 2 5 Management Profile Configuration The management profile enables specific configuration of t...

Страница 112: ...n the specified service has tag mode double tagged VLAN ID of the internal tag will be replaced For single tagged service VLAN ID of the single tag will be replaced If you set custom svid and cvid simultaneously for single tagged service svid will be used for replacing the VLAN ID 28 3 3 Custom cos LTP 8X configure terminal LTP 8X config interface ont 0 0 LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 service 0 custom ...

Страница 113: ...ber password or their combination LTP 8X configure terminal LTP 8X config interface ont 0 0 LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 serial ELTX5C00008C LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 password 0000000000 NTU SFP 100 uses PON Password default by default Step 3 Apply the configuration by using the commit command LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 do commit Step 4 View the ONT configuration by using the do show interface ont 0 0 co...

Страница 114: ...l be performed via VLAN 9 Fig 28 3 Routed Service Abstract Representation for Model 1 Step 1 Assign a service model LTP 8X configure terminal LTP 8X config gpon olt model 1 Step 2 Create an Internet cross connect profile for the configuration By default the profile uses a routed service Configure a U VLAN with the help of the u vid command it equals 10 for the first service in this case LTP 8X con...

Страница 115: ...U vid 11 U cos unused Mac table entry limit unlimited Type general Iphost eid 0 Priority queue 0 Use web configurator or ACS to adjust necessary settings for these services in the ONT Step 6 Specify DBA parameters To do this create a dba profile and adjust the corresponding settings We set a value of a guaranteed bandwidth in this example LTP 8X config profile dba AllServices LTP 8X config dba All...

Страница 116: ...0 Vlan id 98 First group ip 224 0 0 1 Last group ip 239 255 255 255 Veip Multicast enable true Multicast port settings Upstream igmp vid 11 Upstream igmp prio 0 Upstream igmp tag control replace tag Downstream multicast vid 11 Downstream multicast prio 0 Downstream multicast tag control replace tag Max groups 0 Max multicast bandwidth 0 Step 10 Set up a management profile To do this create a cross...

Страница 117: ...ile DBA 1 Profile ports Ports1 ONT Profile Ports 1 Step 13 VLAN for Subscriber requires a C VLAN to be assigned for this ONT subscriber Assign S VLAN 200 for the Internet and IPTV services by using the custom cross connect command The management service operates in an S VLAN therefore no C VLAN is defined for this service LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 service 0 custom svid 200 LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 ...

Страница 118: ... to LAN port 1 To do this set the U VLAN ID to 10 Traffic to port 2 will be transmitted untagged Multicast traffic will be transmitted to VLAN 98 management will be performed via VLAN 9 Fig 28 4 Bridged Service Abstract Representation for Model 1 Step 1 Create an Internet cross connect profile to configure PPPoE in the bridge Configure the bridged service specifying the bridge group the ONT port w...

Страница 119: ...used Mac table entry limit unlimited Type general Iphost eid 0 Priority queue 0 Step 5 Specify DBA parameters To do this create a dba profile and adjust the corresponding settings We set a value of a guaranteed bandwidth in this example LTP 8X config profile dba AllServices LTP 8X config dba AllServices bandwidth guaranteed 500 Step 6 Check the changes made LTP 8X config dba AllServices do show pr...

Страница 120: ...stream igmp prio 0 Upstream igmp tag control pass Downstream multicast vid 1 Downstream multicast prio 0 Downstream multicast tag control pass Max groups 0 Max multicast bandwidth 0 Shaper downstream Enable false Commited rate 1000000 Shaper upstream Enable false Commited rate 1000000 Port 1 Speed auto Duplex auto Bridge group 11 Spanning tree for bridge group false Multicast enable false Multicas...

Страница 121: ...show interface ont 0 0 configuration ONT0 0 configuration Description Enabled true Serial ELTX5C00008C Password 0000000000 Fec up false Easy mode false Downstream broadcast true Ber interval none Ber update period 60 Rf port state disabled Omci error tolerant false Service 0 Profile cross connect Internet ONT Profile Cross Connect 1 Profile dba AllServices ONT Profile DBA 1 Custom cross connect di...

Страница 122: ... the IGMP Proxy mode globally and set the range of allowed IGMP groups Also enable IGMP Snooping globally LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config vlan 98 LTP 8X switch config vlan range ip igmp snooping querier enable LTP 8X switch config ip igmp proxy report enable LTP 8X switch config ip igmp proxy report range 232 1 0 1 232 1 0 100 from all to 98 LTP 8X switch config ip igmp ...

Страница 123: ...TP 8X config cross connect Internet user vid 200 LTP 8X config cross connect Internet outer vid 200 Step 3 Check the changes made LTP 8X config cross connect Internet do show profile cross connect Internet Name Internet Description ONT Profile Cross Connect 1 Model ont rg Bridge group Tag mode single tagged Outer vid 200 Outer cos unused Inner vid U vid 200 U cos unused Mac table entry limit unlim...

Страница 124: ...ices Name AllServices Description ONT Profile DBA 1 Dba Sla data Service class type5 Status reporting nsr Alloc size 0 Alloc period 0 Fixed bandwidth 0 Guaranteed bandwidth 500 Besteffort bandwidth 1244000 T CONT allocation scheme share T CONT with same profile Step 8 To configure multicast traffic create a cross connect profile and set the VLAN intended for multicast transmission as an S VLAN and...

Страница 125: ...g control replace tag Step 11 Check the changes made LTP 8X config ports Ports1 do show profile ports Ports1 Igmp settings Multicast dynamic entry 0 Vlan id 98 First group ip 224 0 0 1 Last group ip 239 255 255 255 Veip Multicast enable false Multicast port settings Upstream igmp vid 98 Upstream igmp prio 0 Upstream igmp tag control replace tag Downstream multicast vid 98 Downstream multicast prio...

Страница 126: ...IPTV LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 do show interface ont 0 0 configuration ONT0 0 configuration Description Enabled true Serial ELTX5C00008C Password 0000000000 Fec up false Easy mode false Downstream broadcast true Ber interval none Ber update period 60 Rf port state disabled Omci error tolerant false Service 0 Profile cross connect Internet ONT Profile Cross Connect 1 Profile dba AllServices ONT Prof...

Страница 127: ...snooping LTP 8X switch config commit LTP 8X switch config exit Bridged Mode Configure the Internet PPPoE IPTV unicast and management services via the TR 069 protocol Set the VLAN ID to 200 for Internet to 201 for UC_IPTV Set U VLAN to 200 for Internet Multicast traffic will be transmitted to VLAN 98 management will be performed via VLAN 9 Fig 28 6 Bridged Service Abstract Representation for Model ...

Страница 128: ...ect UC_IPTV bridge LTP 8X config cross connect UC_IPTV bridge group 11 LTP 8X config cross connect UC_IPTV outer vid 201 Step 5 Set U VID to untagged to have untagged traffic outgoing from the ONT port LTP 8X config cross connect UC_IPTV user vid untagged Step 6 Check the changes made LTP 8X config cross connect UC_IPTV do show profile cross connect UC_IPTV Name UC_IPTV Description ONT Profile Cro...

Страница 129: ...entry 0 vid 98 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 igmp multicast dynamic entry 0 group 224 0 0 1 239 255 255 255 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 port 1 multicast LTP 8X config ports Ports1 port 1 igmp downstream vid 98 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 port 1 igmp downstream tag control remove tag Step 10 Check the changes made LTP 8X config ports Ports1 do show profile ports Ports1 Igmp settings Multicast dynamic en...

Страница 130: ... this create a cross connect profile and assign it with the management type and the bridged model LTP 8X config profile cross connect management LTP 8X config cross connect management bridge LTP 8X config cross connect management outer vid 9 LTP 8X config cross connect management type management Step 12 Check the changes made LTP 8X config cross connect management do show profile cross connect man...

Страница 131: ...riod 60 Rf port state disabled Omci error tolerant false Service 0 Profile cross connect Internet ONT Profile Cross Connect 1 Profile dba AllServices ONT Profile DBA 1 Custom cross connect disabled Service 1 Profile cross connect UC_IPTV ONT Profile Cross Connect 2 Profile dba AllServices ONT Profile DBA 1 Custom cross connect disabled Service 2 Profile cross connect management ONT Profile Cross C...

Страница 132: ... ip igmp snooping LTP 8X switch config commit LTP 8X switch config exit 28 4 4 Tunnelling Configuration Usual profiles in the single tag or double tag modes are aimed at mapping the traffic which is transmitted to the gem port and tagged as user vid or untagged into the traffic tagged outer vid or outer inner vid respectively Models 2 and 3 allow traffic tunnelling configuration which extends the ...

Страница 133: ...o pon port 1 exit interface pon port 1 bridging to pon port 0 exit vlan 300 name VLAN0300 tagged pon port 0 front port 0 exit vlan 500 name VLAN0500 tagged pon port 0 pon port 1 front port 0 exit vlan 1100 name VLAN1100 tagged pon port 0 front port 0 exit vlan 1200 name VLAN1200 tagged pon port 0 front port 0 exit Step 2 Set up the cross connect profiles profile cross connect cc tunnel bridge brid...

Страница 134: ...rvice 2 profile dba dba 00 profile ports bridge 10 service 0 custom svid 1100 service 1 custom svid 1200 service 1 selective tunnel uvid 201 203 service 2 custom svid 300 Step 6 Set up the SFP ONU to be used for connection of the corporate client interface ont 0 1 serial 454C545300000002 service 0 profile cross connect cc tunnel service 0 profile dba dba 00 profile ports bridge 10 service 0 custom...

Страница 135: ...last one to be configured on the ONT therefore the user vid used by other services will not be processed by the tunnel service The traffic with a random user vid tag should not contain additional 802 1q tags Otherwise it will be declined by any service provided for this user vid It is impossible to use double tagged and tunnel services simultaneously on one terminal It is not recommended to use un...

Страница 136: ...jitter T CONT type 2 with a guaranteed bandwidth only This type is suitable for bursty traffic with a well defined upper bound without strict delay and jitter restrictions T CONT type 3 is a counter with a guaranteed bandwidth and a possibility to allocate a best effort bandwidth This type is suitable for bursty traffic with peak values that requires a certain throughput to be guaranteed T CONT ty...

Страница 137: ...s apply to dba profile assignment When an ONT service is assigned a dba profile an Alloc ID is created for the ONT on the OLT side and a corresponding T CONT is configured on the ONT side If different ONTs are assigned the same profile they will each have a separate Alloc ID created with the same allocation parameters If the same dba profiles are assigned to different services of the same ONT with...

Страница 138: ...ile DBA 3 Custom cross connect disabled Service 1 Profile cross connect ServiceVoIP ONT Profile Cross Connect 1 Profile dba AllServices ONT Profile DBA 3 Custom cross connect disabled Step 4 Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 do commit 29 1 2 Services in One T CONT One Alloc ID will be allocated for ONTs in the OLT Each ONT will have one T CONT configured The T ...

Страница 139: ...it 29 1 3 One Profile for Multiple ONTs This is a typical scenario in most cases when similar services require the same DBA parameters on different ONTs Step 1 Define a dba profile by using the profile dba command LTP 8X config profile dba ServiceInternet Step 2 Assign the profile to the corresponding service of every ONT by using the service id profile dba command LTP 8X config interface ont 0 0 ...

Страница 140: ...nect profiles which were assigned to the services The Internet and SecurityAlarm services require calculation of SLA parameters This is done by adding the appropriate parameters for both services Below is an example of SLA parameters calculation Table 29 2 SLA parameters SLA Parameters Internet SecurityAlarm Sum bandwidth fixed 0 0 0 bandwidth guaranteed 10 048 1 024 11 072 bandwidth besteffort 32...

Страница 141: ...Services ONT Profile DBA 4 Custom cross connect disabled ONT0 0 configuration Service 0 Profile cross connect ServiceInternet ONT Profile Cross Connect 0 Profile dba OtherServices ONT Profile DBA 4 Custom cross connect disabled Service 1 Profile cross connect ServiceVoIP ONT Profile Cross Connect 0 Profile dba ServiceVoIP ONT Profile DBA 2 Custom cross connect disabled Service 2 Profile cross conn...

Страница 142: ...tus reporting nsr Alloc size 0 Alloc period 0 Fixed bandwidth 100000 Guaranteed bandwidth 0 Besteffort bandwidth 0 T CONT allocation scheme share T CONT with same profile Step 5 Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config dba dba 00 do commit 29 2 2 T CONT Type 2 Configuration Consider configuration of a 100 Mbps guaranteed bandwidth Step 1 Specify a T CONT type by using the sla cl...

Страница 143: ...th same profile Step 5 Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config dba dba 00 do commit 29 2 3 T CONT Type 3 Configuration Consider configuration of a 100 Mbps guaranteed bandwidth with a possibility of allocation of a 200 Mbps best effort bandwidth Step 1 Specify a T CONT type by using the sla class command LTP 8X config profile dba dba 00 LTP 8X config dba dba 00 sla class type5 ...

Страница 144: ... share T CONT with same profile Step 5 Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config dba dba 00 do commit 29 2 4 T CONT Type 4 Configuration Consider configuration of a 200 Mbps best effort bandwidth without allocation of a guaranteed bandwidth Step 1 Specify a T CONT type by using the sla class command LTP 8X config profile dba dba 00 LTP 8X config dba dba 00 sla class type5 Step 2 ...

Страница 145: ...width and a 200 Mbps guaranteed bandwidth with a possibility of allocation of a 1244 Mbps best effort bandwidth Step 1 Specify a T CONT type by using the sla class command LTP 8X config profile dba dba 00 LTP 8X config dba dba 00 sla class type5 Step 2 Specify a type of status reports for ONT queues by using the sla status reporting command LTP 8X config dba dba 00 sla status reporting nsr Step 3 ...

Страница 146: ...me dba 00 Description ONT Profile DBA 0 Dba Sla data Service class type5 Status reporting nsr Alloc size 0 Alloc period 0 Fixed bandwidth 100000 Guaranteed bandwidth 200000 Besteffort bandwidth 1244000 T CONT allocation scheme share T CONT with same profile Step 5 Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config dba dba 00 do commit ...

Страница 147: ...apers for unicast multicast and broadcast traffic 30 1 Configuring Shaping parameters 30 1 1 Configuring downstream policer Example You need to configure a bandwidth limit of 100 Mbps for all services The total bandwidth for all services is limited by the value set for 0 service Step 1 Enable one policer LTP 8X config profile shaping shaping 00 LTP 8X config shaping shaping 00 downstream one polic...

Страница 148: ...ed rate value Step 2 Enable shaping for different traffic types LTP 8X config shaping shaping 00 upstream multicast 0 enable LTP 8X config shaping shaping 00 upstream broadcast 0 enable LTP 8X config shaping shaping 00 upstream unicast 0 enable Step 3 Specify parameters of fixed bandwidth for each traffic type for service 0 LTP 8X config shaping shaping 00 upstream multicast 0 commited rate 500 LT...

Страница 149: ...oth ONT and ONT RG devices For this reason we will further denote ONT RG as ONT If an ONT is configured without the RG domain without a router skip all steps concerning RG Fig 31 1 shows an ONT RG scheme and its management domains Fig 31 1 ONT RG Management Domains Bridged service is a service which configuration requires the OMCI management domain only i e it can be completely configured with the...

Страница 150: ...Fig 31 2 shows two services each with a corresponding GEM port on the ONT side with one of them being routed and using both the OMCI and RG management domains and the other one being bridged and using only OMCI for configuration Terminal configuration includes configuration of bridge interfaces green areas in the figure and distribution of LAN ports between the management domains The bridge parame...

Страница 151: ...le DBA parameters are not important for the purposes of this chapter Thus we will not configure these parameters just use the default values We will also assign one profile to both services that means that upstream services will operate with one T CONT DBA configuration is described in detail in Chapter 29 LTP 8X config profile dba basic LTP 8X config dba basic exit Step 5 Create a ports profile L...

Страница 152: ...ated with the OMCI domain and bound to bridge 1 LTP 8X config profile ports 2RG 2OMCI LTP 8X config ports 2RG 2OMCI port 0 bridge group 0 LTP 8X config ports 2RG 2OMCI port 1 bridge group 0 LTP 8X config ports 2RG 2OMCI port 2 bridge group 1 LTP 8X config ports 2RG 2OMCI port 3 bridge group 1 Step 9 Set the ONT configuration ONT management is described in detail in Chapter 25 LTP 8X config interfa...

Страница 153: ...Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 do commit As a result you will have the mixed configuration of the ONT One of the services is managed completely by the OMCI domain the bridged service LAN2 and LAN3 ports on the ONT are connected as bridges The second service is managed by both OMCI and RG the routed service the RG domain can be configured for instance through...

Страница 154: ...ss connect ipv6 type multicast LTP 8X config cross connect ipv6 exit LTP 8X config profile ports ipv6 LTP 8X config ports ipv6 veip multicast LTP 8X config ports ipv6 exit LTP 8X config exit LTP 8X commit Example of a bridged configuration LTP 8X config profile cross connect ipv6_br LTP 8X config cross connect ipv6_br bridge LTP 8X config cross connect ipv6_br bridge group 10 LTP 8X config cross c...

Страница 155: ...s IGMP request for connection to a multicast group it adds the port the host is connected to into the group for group traffic retranslation And vice versa having snooped a leave_group request the switch removes the corresponding port from the group Fig 33 1 IGMP Snooping Is Disabled Fig 33 1 shows traffic multicasting regardless of whether an end host needs the traffic or not When IGMP snooping is...

Страница 156: ...ulticast Configuration Consider configuration of a multicast service for Model 1 An STB which works in VLAN 14 is connected to an ONT port in this example Upstream IGMP packets arrive to VLAN 14 though a GEM port and the OLT changes VLAN 14 to subscriber s VLAN 200 As we have a multicast server in VLAN 98 in our example we need to configure a proxy on the switch to translate IGMP packets from VLAN...

Страница 157: ...gged Outer vid 1 Outer cos unused Inner vid U vid 14 U cos unused Mac table entry limit unlimited Type general IP host index 0 Priority queue 0 Step 4 Associate the bridge group with an ONT port To do this create a ports profile and assign value 1 to the bridge group parameter for the LAN1 port LTP 8X config profile ports Ports1 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 port 1 bridge group 1 Step 5 Enable multic...

Страница 158: ...0 Shaper downstream Enable false Commited rate 1000000 Shaper upstream Enable false Commited rate 1000000 Step 7 Assign the created profiles in the ONT Configure a custom cross connect profile specify S VLAN 200 and apply the configuration LTP 8X config interface ont 0 0 LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 service 0 profile cross connect UsIGMP LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 profile ports Ports1 LTP 8X config if o...

Страница 159: ...rough the GEM port The multicast service comes downstream to the ONT port in VLAN 98 and changes to VLAN 14 For more information on general configuration principles of data communication channels see Chapter 25 Fig 33 4 Model 3 Multicast Step 1 Specify the ONT serial number in the configuration LTP 8X configure terminal LTP 8X config interface ont 0 0 LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 serial ELTX01234567 L...

Страница 160: ...g control replace vid LTP 8X config ports Ports1 port 1 igmp upstream vid 98 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 port 1 igmp upstream tag control replace vid Step 6 You also need to configure VLAN 98 multicasting and specify the group range LTP 8X config ports Ports1 igmp multicast dynamic entry 0 vid 98 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 igmp multicast dynamic entry 0 group 224 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 LTP 8X config...

Страница 161: ...ed the same way as shown above However there are some differences in configuration At Step 6 it is necessary Step 1 Change the IP protocol to IPv6 set up VLAN 98 multicast and specify the group range LTP 8X config ports Ports1 multicast ip version ipv6 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 mld multicast dynamic entry 0 vid 98 LTP 8X config ports Ports1 mld multicast dynamic entry 0 group ff15 0 1 ff15 0 ffff...

Страница 162: ... 0 Downstream multicast tag control replace vid Max groups 0 Max multicast bandwidth 0 Shaper downstream Enable false Commited rate 1000000 Shaper upstream Enable false Commited rate 1000000 Step 2 Add VLAN 98 in the switch view and enable MLD snooping LTP 8X switch LTP 8X switch configure LTP 8X switch config vlan 98 LTP 8X switch config vlan tagged front port 0 LTP 8X switch config vlan tagged p...

Страница 163: ...ther bridge services VoIP requires the iphost type in the cross connect profile to terminate traffic in internal virtual IP interface That also requires the Iphost eid parameter to be specified As a rule it should equal 1 Contact your ONT vendor for information about the Iphost eid value for the VoIP Step 1 Configure a cross connect profile to be used as VoIP LTP 8X config profile cross connect Vo...

Страница 164: ...n In case the VoIP client is located after the U point i e in the RG management domain the VoIP service has the same configuration procedure as all other routed services The procedure is described in detail in Chapter 28 All the general steps of service configuration are applied to VoIP as well ...

Страница 165: ... mode as it is simpler Contact your ONT vendor for information about operation capabilities of both modes ONT management via TR 069 is a special service All general steps of service configuration apply to TR 069 management Operator s actions required for services configuration are described in detail in Chapter 28 As opposed to other services the management service requires the management type in ...

Страница 166: ... traffic Fig 35 1 shows a part of the OMCI layout Arrows show the traffic flow Fig 35 1 TR 069 Inband Management Channel Step 1 Set the management type in the cross connect profile LTP 8X config profile cross connect TR069 LTP 8X config cross connect TR069 type management Step 2 Set the ont rg model in the cross connect profile LTP 8X config cross connect TR069 no bridge ...

Страница 167: ...ofile cross connect TR069 Name TR069 Description ONT Profile Cross Connect 1 Model ont Bridge group 20 Tag mode single tagged Outer vid 1 Outer cos unused Inner vid U vid untagged U cos unused Mac table entry limit unlimited Type management IP host index 0 Priority queue 0 Step 5 Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config cross connect TR069 do commit ...

Страница 168: ...arity of the mode is the use of a separate bridge for management See a part of the OMCI layout below Arrows show the traffic flow Fig 35 2 TR 069 OutOfBand Management Channel Step 1 Set the management type in the cross connect profile LTP 8X config profile cross connect TR069 LTP 8X config cross connect TR069 type management Step 2 Set the ont model in the cross connect profile Specify a separate ...

Страница 169: ...Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config cross connect TR069 do commit 35 3 TR 069 Client Configuration A management profile is used to configure TR 069 clients LTP 8X show profile management management 00 Name management 00 Description ONT Profile Management 0 Enable omci configuration true Url Username Password If DHCP server transfers TR 069 parameters using option 43 there i...

Страница 170: ...word acsacs Step 3 Check the changes made LTP 8X config management management 00 do show profile management management 00 Name management 00 Description ONT Profile Management 0 Enable omci configuration true Url http acs tele com 9595 acs Username acs Password acsacs Step 4 Apply the changes by using the commit command LTP 8X config management management 00 do commit ...

Страница 171: ...entifies additional configuration parameters if necessary As a rule configuration assignment is performed in one click or by using one command 36 1 ONT Configuration Templates Step 1 Define an ONT configuration template LTP 8X config template HSI 100 CaTV LTP 8X ont template HSI 100 CaTV Step 2 Set the ONT configuration Template configuration does not have any peculiarities and exactly follows the...

Страница 172: ...an view the ONT configuration using the same command show interface ont id configuration You can distinguish the template parameters from the general ones by T Template markers In this example Rf port state is the only general parameter LTP 8X config if ont 0 0 10 do show interface ont 0 0 configuration ONT0 0 configuration Description Enabled true Serial ELTX5C00008C Password 0000000000 T Fec up ...

Страница 173: ...173 T Profile shaping shaping 00 ONT Profile Shaping 0 T Profile ports ports 00 ONT Profile Ports 0 T Profile management unassigned Template test ONT Template 1 ...

Страница 174: ...174 Part V Terminal Monitoring ...

Страница 175: ...ent command LTP 8X show system environment System information CPU load average 1m 5m 15m 4 23 2 89 2 53 Free RAM Total RAM Mbytes 260 495 Temperature sensor1 sensor2 35C 50C Reset button disabled Fan configured speed 15 Fan minimum speed 15 Fan speed levels 16 27 39 51 64 76 88 100 Fan state fan0 fan1 4620rpm 4620rpm PLD FW version 13 TYPE LTP 8X rev C HW_revision 1v4 SN GP2B000304 MAC A8 F9 4B 8B...

Страница 176: ...nformation on Terminal Operating Time To view terminal operating time use the show uptime command LTP 8X show uptime up 7 days 20 11 37 4 Network Connection Check To check network connection use the ping command As a parameter pass the IP address of the node to be checked LTP 8X ping 192 168 1 254 PING 192 168 1 254 192 168 1 254 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192 168 1 254 seq 0 ttl 64 time 0 422 ms...

Страница 177: ...LTP 8X pmchal notice OLT OLT0 FW version 2 3 37 1008 Jan 1 00 01 11 LTP 8X pmchal notice OLT OLT0 FW is up to date Jan 1 00 01 11 LTP 8X pmchal notice OLT OLT1 FW version 2 3 37 1008 Jan 1 00 01 11 LTP 8X pmchal notice OLT OLT1 FW is up to date The log messages can be filtered To do this use the show log grep buffer command The command takes a string as a parameter that is used for search in the l...

Страница 178: ...alarms command Pass an event type as a parameter see Table 14 4 and or their severity see Table 14 5 You can view all active alarms by using the show alarm active all command LTP 8X show alarm active all Active alarms 1 Type Severity Description 0 Fan Critical FAN1 0 rpm LTP 8X ...

Страница 179: ... 0 Firmware version 2 3 37 1036 Hardware version 5211 2 Device 1 Firmware version 2 3 37 1036 Hardware version 5211 2 LTP 8X GPON OLT parameters are listed and described in Table 40 1 Table 40 1 GPON OLT Parameters Parameter Description Device count The number of OLT chips Gpon ports per device The number of channels in one OLT chip Firmware version OLT chip firmware version Hardware version OLT c...

Страница 180: ... dBm 3 50 n a n a n a LTP 8X Table 40 2 Parameters of GPON Interfaces Parameter Description Gpon port Channel number State Channel state ONT count The number of ONTs in the channel SFP vendor SFP vendor SFP product number SFP model SFP vendor revision SFP revision SFP temperature SFP temperature in Celsius degrees SFP voltage SFP voltage in Volts SFP tx bias current Bias current in mA SFP tx power...

Страница 181: ...0M BC SFP vendor revision 1 0 SFP temperature C 64 SFP voltage V 3 25 SFP tx bias current mA 23 67 SFP tx power dBm 3 50 LTP 8X 40 3 MAC Table Preview Step 1 To view the table of MAC addresses on the second port of the GPON interface use the show mac interface gpon port 2 command LTP 8X show mac interface gpon port 4 ONT Serial ONT ID GPON port GEM UVID CVID SVID MAC 1 ELTX06000022 74 4 912 1214 A...

Страница 182: ...TX US packets 0 0 0 0 5 US octets 0 0 0 0 6 US packets 0 0 0 0 7 US unicast packets 0 0 0 0 8 US multicast packets 0 0 0 0 9 US broadcast packets 0 0 0 0 10 US packed dropped 0 0 0 0 11 Packet dropped CRC 0 0 0 0 13 TX US octets reassembly 0 0 0 0 14 TX US packets reassembly 0 0 0 0 LTP 8X 40 5 Statistics for OLT Ethernet Interfaces Step 1 To view statistics on Ethernet interfaces of the OLT conne...

Страница 183: ...kets 0 5 TX good multicast packets 0 6 TX good broadcast packets 0 8 TX octets 0 LTP 8X 40 6 Multicast Statistics Step 1 To view statistics on MC streams use the show interface gpon port ID igmp groups command As a parameter pass the channel number or a range of channels LTP 8X show interface gpon port 0 7 igmp groups All IGMP groups 104 GPON port Serial Multicast address Start Stop 1 4 ELTX660000...

Страница 184: ...9 NTU 2V Total ONT count 6 41 2 List of Empty ONT Configurations Step 1 To view empty ONT configurations vacant ONT IDs use the show interface ont ID unconfigured command LTP 8X show interface ont 0 7 unconfigured GPON port 0 ONT unconfigured list 3 5 49 51 127 GPON port 1 ONT unconfigured list 0 127 GPON port 2 ONT unconfigured list 5 9 11 127 GPON port 3 ONT unconfigured list 0 127 GPON port 4 O...

Страница 185: ...PRECONFIG Preparing ONT for configuration CFGINPROGRESS ONT configuration is in progress CFGFAILED Configuration failed OK ONT is in operation BLOCKED ONT is blocked MIBRESET ONT MIB reset FAILED ONT has a critical failure FWUPDATING ONT firmware update is in progress DISABLED ONT is disabled technically blocked 41 4 List of Offline ONTs Step 1 To view the list of offline ONTs use the show interfa...

Страница 186: ...ata Types Data Type gem port performance monitoring gem port nctp performance monitoring ethernet performance monitoring history data ethernet performance monitoring history data2 ethernet performance monitoring history data3 gal ethernet performance monitoring history data fec performance monitoring history data ethernet frame extended performance monitoring multicast subscriber monitor 41 6 ONT ...

Страница 187: ...7 39 51 64 76 88 100 Fan state fan0 fan1 4620rpm 4620rpm PLD FW version 13 TYPE LTP 8X rev C HW_revision 1v4 SN GP2B000304 MAC A8 F9 4B 8B 79 D0 Power supply information Module 1 PM160 220 12 1vX Type Alternate current AC Intact 1 Module 2 PM160 220 12 1vX Type Alternate current AC Intact 1 Fans configuration Set the minimal rotation rate LTP 8X config system fan min speed 30 Set the table of rate...

Страница 188: ...nfig system fan speed 50 Reset button configuration Reset button has 3 operating modes disabled disabled reset only only reboot enabled reset to factory settings and reboot LTP 8X config system reset button disabled ...

Страница 189: ...189 Part VI Terminal Maintenance ...

Страница 190: ...re symmetrically installed for each pair of slots Step 1 Insert an SFP transceiver into a slot with its open side down open side up for the bottom line of slots Fig 43 1 SFP Transceivers Installation Step 2 Press the module until it clicks into place Fig 43 2 Installed SFP Transceivers To remove a transceiver perform the following actions Step 1 Open the latch of the module Fig 43 3 Opening the La...

Страница 191: ...191 Step 2 Remove the module from the slot Fig 43 4 Removing SFP Transceivers ...

Страница 192: ...tion to the Case To remove a ventilation unit perform the following actions Step 1 Use a screwdriver to remove the right screw fixing the ventilation unit to the rear panel see Fig 44 1 Step 2 Carefully pull the unit until it is removed from the case Step 3 Disengage the pins of the unit from the connector in the device Fig 44 2 Fig 44 2 Ventilation Unit Connector ...

Страница 193: ... Step 1 Connect the pins of the unit with the connector in the device Fig 44 2 Step 2 Lay the connection cable in a special tray on the inner side of the unit Step 3 Insert the unit into the terminal case Step 4 Screw the ventilation unit to the rear panel Fig 44 1 ...

Страница 194: ... 54 16 1 ltp 8x 3 3026 10 1349XXXX fw bin fs firmware Downloading system firmware Download successfully speed 3160145 000 bytes sec during 5 027 seconds total size 15885504 System firmware successfully downloaded Updating system firmware Current board version 64 Current firmware version 3 26 10 68251349 New firmware version 3 2630 10 XXXX Update device mtd7 Erase flash Done Write data Done Done Su...

Страница 195: ...download a firmware update file to the line terminal To download the file use the copy command and specify the file name and the address of the TFTP server as parameters LTP 8X copy ftp user pass 10 54 16 1 ntp rg r3 24 1 854 fw bin bin fs ont firmware Download file from FTP server Download successfully speed 2906533 000 bytes sec during 1 008 seconds total size 2929684 ONT firmware vendor is Elte...

Страница 196: ...he OLT channel at the time of the update The tasks you create in the scheduler will be executed as soon as the corresponding ONT connects to the channel To create delete or view tasks in the scheduler use the schedule ont command To create an ONT firmware update task use the schedule ont update command and specify the ONT ID and the firmware update file LTP 8X schedule ont update 0 0 ntp rg r3 24 ...

Страница 197: ...and the file name ZZZ bin as parameters LTP 8X config auto update ont record update1 equipment id TYPE fw version match V1 filename V2 bin Record was added successfully The match keyword indicates that the ONT version number should match the specified number in this case YYY To simplify the process and make it more convenient you can create records to perform firmware autoupdate on ONTs even when ...

Страница 198: ...2 bin postpone enable Step 4 You can delete a created record by using the no auto update ont record command and specifying the record name LTP 8X config no auto update ont record update1 Record was deleted successfully To clear the record table use the no auto update ont records command LTP 8X config no auto update ont records Records cleared successfully ...

Страница 199: ...199 Appendix A Connector Assignment of RS 232 Null Modem Cable LTP 8X LTP 4 8X rev B DB 9 socket DB 9 socket LTP 4 8X rev C ...

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