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YSI SonTek ADVField, Technical Documentation Manual

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SonTek/YSI

 

Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Principles of Operation (September 1, 2001)

 

1

1. Introduction 

The SonTek/YSI Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) is a single-point, high-resolution, 3D 
Doppler current meter. The Doppler processing techniques used by the ADV provide several ad-
vantages:  accurate, fast, 3D velocity measurements in a remote sampling volume; invariant fac-
tory calibration - no periodic calibration required; simple operation; direct calculation of turbu-
lent parameters such as Reynolds stress; and excellent low-flow performance. 

This document presents the basic operating principles and specifications of the SonTek ADV. It 
does not attempt to provide a detailed discussion of all technical issues, nor does it provide a de-
tailed description of ADV operation. To learn more about specific ADV configurations and ap-
plications, please contact SonTek. 

2.  The Doppler Shift and Bistatic Current Meters 

The ADV measures the velocity of water using a physical principle called the Doppler effect. If a 
source of sound is moving relative to the receiver, the frequency of the sound at the receiver is 
shifted from the transmit frequency by the amount: 

 

F

doppler

  =  -F

source

 ( V / C ) 

where 
 

F

doppler

  = change in received frequency (Doppler shift) 

 

F

source

   = frequency of transmitted sound 

 

V  = velocity of source relative to receiver 

 

C  = speed of sound 

The velocity V represents the relative speed between source and receiver (i.e., motion that 
changes the distance between the two). Motion perpendicular to the line connecting source and 
receiver does not introduce a Doppler shift. If the distance between the two objects is decreasing, 
frequency increases; if the distance is increasing, frequency decreases. 

Figure 1 – Basic Operation of a Bistatic Doppler Current Meter 

Bistatic

Axis

Acoustic

Transmitter

Acoustic
Receiver

Bistatic

Axis

Acoustic

Transmitter

Acoustic
Receiver

Bistatic

Axis

Acoustic

Transmitter

Acoustic
Receiver

Summary of Contents for SonTek ADVField

Page 1: ...A YSI Environmental Company SonTek YSI ADVField Hydra Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Field Technical Documentation ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ield Software Manual as needed for specific information about using the ADVField Hydra system See the ADVField Operation Manual Section 2 for more Getting Started instructions 2 Software Installation To install the DOS and Windows software on a Windows based computer Insert the distribution CD in your computer An installation menu should automatically appear after the CD has been inserted If not c...

Page 4: ...he velocity traces on the screen Use the active keys listed at the bottom of the screen to modify display parameters 5 Real Time Data Conversion Software Refer to Section 3 of the ADVField Software Manual for details Store ADV velocity data to the computer hard disk using the data acquisition software Use the GET___ programs to convert the binary data to an easily read ASCII format Analyze these f...

Page 5: ...reproduced translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from SonTek Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual However SonTek makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose SonTek shall not be liable for any errors or...

Page 6: ...dra Operation Manual September 1 2001 RECORD OF CHANGES Effective Description 01 SEP 1999 Base document ADVField firmware version 4 0 01 SEP 2001 ADVField firmware version 7 9 11 OCT 2001 CTD command and data output corrections ...

Page 7: ...rns and procedures relating to coordinate sys tems communication protocol multiple system operation analog output data external syn chronization mounting optional sensors seeding requirements anti fouling protection main tenance and troubleshooting Section 6 Additional Support SonTek contact information for customer support general inquiries and how to send a system back to the factory Appendix 1 ...

Page 8: ...SonTek YSI iv ADVField Hydra Operation Manual September 1 2001 NOTES ...

Page 9: ...Requirements 16 2 4 2 Calculating Memory Requirements 16 2 4 3 Preparing the ADVField for Autonomous Operation 17 2 4 4 Autonomous Operation Using SonTek Software 18 2 5 Operating the ADVField Using the Direct Command Interface 19 Section 3 Direct Command Interface for ADVField Systems 21 3 1 Modes of Operation 21 3 1 1 Command Mode 21 3 1 2 Data Acquisition Mode 22 3 1 3 Deployment Mode 22 3 1 4 ...

Page 10: ...or the ADVField 67 4 7 1 Testing Compass Operation 67 4 7 2 Compass Installation and Instrument Mounting 68 4 7 3 Compass Mounted in ADV Probe Signal Conditioning Module 68 4 7 4 ENU Coordinate System 72 4 7 5 Compass Calibration 72 4 7 6 Communicating Directly with the Compass 73 4 8 Optional Sensors Internal Temperature and Pressure 74 4 9 Optional Sensors External Resonance Frequency Pressure S...

Page 11: ...dix 1 ADVField Real Time Data Output Formats 93 A1 1 Real Time Output Data ASCII Format to Serial Port 93 A1 2 Real Time Output Data Binary Format to Serial Port 94 A1 2 1 Block Structures 94 A1 2 2 Checksum Calculation 96 Appendix 2 ADVField Autonomous Data Output Formats 97 A2 1 Autonomous Output Data ASCII Format to Serial Port 97 A2 2 Autonomous Output Data Binary Format to Internal Recorder 9...

Page 12: ......

Page 13: ...erforms the signal generation and processing required for the ADV to make velocity measurements This includes generating the electrical signals that are converted to acoustic energy at the transducers digitizing the return signal performing Doppler processing to calculate velocity and averaging samples together before data output Figure 1 shows two configurations of the ADVField signal processing ...

Page 14: ... 5 in Underwater canister systems including all cables and connectors can be operated when fully submerged There are two or three depending on external sensors external connectors on the underwater canister one to the probe and the other to a multi purpose cable for DC power e g to an external battery canister serial communication and auxiliary input output func tions analog output voltages and ex...

Page 15: ...sor the stem or cable and the end cap attached to the signal conditioning module The probe serial number is stamped on the end cap For probes that will be deployed in saline environments a sacrificial zinc an ode is attached to the stem for corrosion protection The probe coordinate system 5 1 depends on the probe configuration The signal conditioning module is a cylindrical Delrin housing with int...

Page 16: ...king cables The 16 10 MHz ADV probe with optional sensors includes the acoustic sensor the mounting stem the end cap and the signal conditioning module with optional sensors The probe serial number is stamped on the end cap closest to the acoustic transducers Sacrificial zinc anodes are attached to the stem and the end cap for corrosion protection If the processor end of the high frequency cable i...

Page 17: ...volume stem length and sensor orientation 1 1 3 5 MHz ADVOcean Probe The 5 MHz ADVOcean probe configurations are divided into two groups with or without op tional sensors compass tilt pressure The 5 MHz ADVOcean probe is used for field applica tions where a rugged probe that is resistant to physical damage is needed Figure 5 shows the standard ADVOcean probe The ADVOcean probe is made of stainless...

Page 18: ...inless steel ADVOcean probe has a total length of 33 cm 13 1 in a housing diameter of 4 5 cm 1 8 in and a maximum arm diameter of 20 cm 7 8 in for the circle about the ends of the three receiver arms The ADVOcean probe with the plastic conditioning module hous ing has the same dimensions except the housing diameter is 5 3 cm 2 1 in 5 MHz ADVOcean Probe Configuration with Optional Sensors The 5 MHz...

Page 19: ...y mounted to the lower end cap The other end has an underwater mateable connector for the high frequency cable The optional pressure sensor is installed in the upper end cap made of stainless steel of the conditioning module near the underwater connector to the high frequency cable Note that since the pressure sensor is mounted away from the sampling volume you may need to ac count for this distan...

Page 20: ...ure sensor option on some systems Salinity Water salinity in parts per thousand ppt This manual entry is used for sound speed calculations Sound speed Speed of sound in water in m s calculated from temperature and salinity This is used to convert the Doppler shift to velocity See the ADV Principles of Operation for in formation on how sound speed affects ADV velocity measurements Probe configurati...

Page 21: ... high for a period of at least 300 ms A BREAK can be sent from the software pro gram SONTERM by pressing ALT B or by sending three characters in succession i e See the ADVField Software Manual for details Note The 300 ms break period is longer than that used by most standard terminals If you use a terminal emulator other than SONTERM and are have difficulty waking the sys tem either reconfigure yo...

Page 22: ...ements and battery limitations also make continuous sam pling impractical for many deployments thus the autonomous ADV has been designed to ac commodate a variety of sampling strategies as described below Figure 7 shows ADV sampling strategies for real time data collection and autonomous deploy ments In the first example real time data collection the ADV outputs data continuously at the user speci...

Page 23: ... of data per day depending on what data is recorded see 2 4 2 At the maximum sampling rate of 50 Hz the ADV generates between 34 and 94 MB of data per day These data rates quickly fill the internal recorder and present a daunting task for analysis Therefore most applications use a limited duty cycle to re duce memory requirements and increase battery life The third sampling strategy in Figure 7 sh...

Page 24: ...minutes and repeat the sampling every 20 minutes For waves you might sample at 4 Hz for a period of 5 minutes and repeat the sampling every hour For turbulence you might sample at 25 Hz for a pe riod of 5 minutes and repeat the sampling every two hours To do this you could set the parame ters shown in Table 2 Note Changing the sampling rate does not effect power consumption As described earlier th...

Page 25: ...oppy drive See the ADVField Software Manual for details about the DOS and Windows programs To install the DOS software on a DOS only computer Insert the CD in your computer List the files directories contained on the CD e g dir d where d is the CD drive Copy all files subdirectories from the d ADF DOS directory to an appropriate directory on your computer For example XCOPY D ADF DOS C SONTEK ADVF ...

Page 26: ...d connect the power and communication cable to the underwater canister See 4 3 for cables and connector details 3 Connect the serial port of the ADVField to an available serial port on the controlling com puter For the splash proof ADVField this is done by directly attaching a ribbon cable from the processor to the computer serial port For the underwater ADVField the power and communication cable ...

Page 27: ...se parameters Note If you are just making a quick check to see if the ADV is functioning you can set the Sampling Rate to 10 Hz and the Velocity Range to 100 cm s 5 After entering your data collection parameters select the START Data Acquisition button and press Enter to start data collection This will place you in the Boundary Adjustment Mode 6 In the Boundary Adjustment Mode the ADV continuously...

Page 28: ... 500 cm s 5 0 W The standard alkaline battery packs supply 18 V with a nominal capacity of 42 Ah Lithium packs supply 21 6 V with a nominal capacity of 84 Ah When calculating battery life we recom mend using 80 of the nominal capacity This allows for temperature variations nominal ca pacities are at 20 C and a reasonable safety margin Thus alkaline and lithium packs have work ing capacities of 0 8...

Page 29: ...ction assumes that the ADVField system includes the internal recorder in the same un derwater housing as the ADVField processing module The instructions below assume that you will use an external power supply to set up your system before deployment or testing If your system is equipped with the internal battery option the deployment or testing setup can be done from battery power simply by not con...

Page 30: ...ulator pro gram for both DOS SONTERM and Windows SonUtils Terminal See the ADVField Software Manual for details on its operation To start an autonomous deployment 1 Be sure you have completed the preliminary steps outlined in sections 2 4 1 through 2 4 3 2 Establish communication with the ADV using SONTERM Send a BREAK Alt B to place the ADV in command mode Type HELP to see menus for setting data ...

Page 31: ...ws the ADV to be controlled from a terminal emulator data logger or other custom program For a quick check using a terminal emulator connect the serial cables as described in 2 3 1 for real time operation or 2 4 3 for autonomous operation set the terminal emulator software e g SONTERM to the correct serial port and apply power The default communication parame ters are no parity 8 data bits 2 stop ...

Page 32: ...SonTek YSI 20 ADVField Operation Manual September 1 2001 ...

Page 33: ...tware ADF EXE as described in the ADVField Software Manual The configuration file is stored in EEPROM memory until overwritten by a new configuration file CAUTION Using an incorrect probe configuration file will result in invalid velocity data If you are col lecting data using the direct command interface be sure the probe serial number listed by the Show Conf command matches the serial number of ...

Page 34: ...ve in command mode for more than five minutes In sleep mode the ADV uses less than 1 mW of power You can exit sleep mode and enter command mode by sending a BREAK When in sleep mode the ADV will not perform or respond until a BREAK is received unless ADV power is cycled see 3 1 5 If the ADV is being powered by batteries you should place the ADV in sleep mode before storing the instrument to preven...

Page 35: ...bring the ADV out of sleep mode This may cause a loss of data or drain the bat teries Always disconnect the ADV from the computer or data logger before turning it on off The ADV has an accidental BREAK protection feature If the system was in data acquisition mode or deployment mode and a BREAK or is received either manually or through elec tronic noise the system will resume data collection unless...

Page 36: ...string Commands must be terminated by a carriage return e g CR or Enter The ADV echoes every character as it is received After receiving the CR that signals the end of the command string the ADV echoes an addi tional line feed character LF If the ADV recognizes a command as valid it will transmit LF OK CR LF If a command is not recognized or if the parameters are out of range or if the command can...

Page 37: ...tion Table 5 System Commands 3 5 Command Short Function Parameters Start Start real time data collection enter data acqui sition mode Deploy Start autonomous deployment enter deployment mode SaveSetup Save current parameters to EEPROM Cal Calibrate analog output voltages Defaults DEF Set all parameters to factory defaults Ver Show CPU firmware version DSPVer Show DSP firmware version BoardRev Show...

Page 38: ...Time time ST Set deployment start time hh mm ss SampRate rate SR Set ADV sampling rate Hz d d BurstInterval seconds BI Set time between bursts seconds d SamplesPerBurst num SB Set number of samples per burst d RecordAmpCorr mode Set mode to record amplitude and correlation for all beams with each sample YES NO RecordCompass mode Set mode to record compass tilt sensor data with each sample YES NO R...

Page 39: ... continuously Paros CONT Show most recent data from Paros pressure sensor continuously ParosFreq CONT Show most recent data from Paros pressure sensor continuously ExtPressureSensorInstalled Enables Disables external pressure sensor CTDSensorInstalled Enables Disables external CTD sensor LisstSensorInstalled Enables Disables external LISST 100 sensor Table 10 Compass Commands 3 9 5 Command Short F...

Page 40: ...ds display all commands you would normally use for any aspect of ADVField operation Entering any of these commands at the di rect command prompt will display the appropriate help menus Help System General system commands 3 5 Help Setup Real time data collection commands 3 6 Help Deploy Autonomous deployment commands 3 7 Help Recorder Data recorder commands 3 8 Help Sensor Peripheral sensor command...

Page 41: ... 3 1 3 and starts autonomous data collection The ADV first saves all recently entered commands i e does a SaveSetup Data collection begins when the ADV clock reaches the specified StartDate and Start Time using the most recently specified setup 3 6 and deployment parameters 3 7 If the current date and time is after the specified start date and time data collection begins imme diately actually ther...

Page 42: ... values are returned in cm 1 distance from probe tip i e acoustic transmitter to boundary and 2 distance from center of sampling volume to boundary If no boundary is detected 100 00 is returned for both values CAUTION Accurate boundary measurements require that the correct probe configuration file has been loaded into the ADV otherwise the reported boundary values will be invalid Date yy mm dd yyy...

Page 43: ...CII output rate when using 9600 baud is about 5 Hz If higher sampling rates are required either use BINARY format or increase the baud rate 4 2 Setup This command is equivalent to the Start command except it does not start data collection Combining the Setup command with the Go command below accomplishes the same ac tions as the Start command This combination can be used to precisely control the s...

Page 44: ... set to this value This salinity value is used to calculate sound speed Generally a salinity change of 12 ppt results in a change in sound speed of 1 see ADV Principles of Operation regarding the effect of sound speed on velocity data VelRange or VR d Default parameter 4 see Table 13 to translate this index value for your system Parameter range 0 to 4 see Table 13 Without parameter returns its cur...

Page 45: ... parameter returns its current setting When used with a valid parameter sets the coordinate system to this value This value af fects the velocity data output to both the serial port during real time data collection and stored to the internal recorder during deployment mode XYZ causes velocity data to be recorded and output in the Cartesian coordinate system relative to the ADV probe ENU causes the...

Page 46: ...ware control of ADV data collection DISABLE indicates that data collection is completely under internal software control START indicates that data collection starts with the rising edge of the first input sync pulse and continues at the software programmed sampling rate SAMPLE indicates that data collection starts with the rising edge of the first input sync pulse and continues at a rate determine...

Page 47: ...iles under this name For example if the deployment name is LAKE the data from the first Deploy command will be stored in a file named LAKE001 If data collection is stopped and re started without changing the deployment name the num bers will increment e g LAKE002 LAKE003 etc Note Do not confuse this command with the Deploy command 3 5 Comments This command lets you enter remarks that will be store...

Page 48: ...ple burst sampling enter a separate sampling rate for each burst type desired For example SR 0 2 2 0 25 0 sets the sampling rate for burst type 1 to 0 2 Hz for burst type 2 to 2 0 Hz and for burst type 3 to 25 0 Hz If only one or two input arguments are specified the values for the other burst types are set to 0 disabling that burst type Note When the following optional sensors are used the maximu...

Page 49: ...tes NO tells the ADV to record only the mean amplitude from all 3 receivers and the mean correlation from all 3 receivers with each sample for the selected burst types This parameter is used only in deployment mode it has no affect on real time data collection If only one or two input arguments are specified it does not change the settings for the non specified burst types Appendix 2 has a descrip...

Page 50: ...ES tells the ADV to record several statistics at the end of each burst The statistics in clude the mean and standard deviation values for the following parameters assuming appropriate sensors are installed amplitude and correlation for each receiver heading pitch roll temperature and pressure YES increases the size of each sample by 36 bytes NO tells the ADV not to record statistics data for the s...

Page 51: ...sampling YES tells the ADV to record optional CTD data for each velocity sample for the selected burst types YES increases the size of each sample by x bytes where x is dependent on the type of CTD sensor being used NO tells the ADV not to record CTD data for the selected burst types This parameter is used only in deployment mode it has no affect on real time data collection If only one or two inp...

Page 52: ...ore executing this command Upon execution you are prompted for confirmation The ADVField will show an updated progress display while re formatting the memory card RecStatus Displays the installed recorder type and size Note Because of the relatively complicated binary file format used for burst sampling with ADVField autonomous systems it is not possible for you to directly access data on the inte...

Page 53: ...ata conversion details 3 9 2 External Sensor Commands Overall Control These commands are common to all external sensors ExtSensor NONE STANDARD 3_OBS Without parameter returns current setting When used with a valid parameter tells the ADV processor what type of external sensor s are installed NONE No external sensors are installed STANDARD One or two of the more typical external sensors is install...

Page 54: ...he factory Does not need to be changed except in some special cases The external pressure sensor option limits the maximum sampling rate of an ADV to 4 Hz for the PAROS and to 10 Hz for a DRUCK or PAROSFREQ To collect data at faster rates you must disable the external pressure sensor option PressFreqOffset Set d Default parameters in kHz 0 for DRUCK 21 for PAROSFREQ Sets displays frequency offset ...

Page 55: ...2 1 8332999e 08 K13 8 2459997e 11 K22 1 6572001e 11 K23 1 7079999e 14 K32 7 7020003e 15 K33 9 9870002e 17 K42 4 0642002e 18 K43 1 0678000e 19 K52 5 3660002e 21 K53 2 8249999e 23 3 9 5 External Sensor Commands LISST 100 Sensor These commands apply to systems that have an external LISST sensor installed 4 12 The LISST 100 is a Laser Interferometry and Transmissometry particle distribution measuremen...

Page 56: ... parameter Display continuously updated twice per second the heading pitch and roll data from the compass tilt sensor Press any key to stop data output and return to command mode Data is output in a self explanatory ASCII text format Compass CAL Performs a compass tilt sensor calibration This is done to account for ambient magnetic fields that will affect compass heading typi cally caused by ferro...

Page 57: ...be serial A383F Probe type Micro DOWN XYZ 5cm Probe Orientation DOWN Compass sensor NO Recorder sensor YES Temperature sensor YES Pressure sensor NO PressOffset dbar 0 000000 PressScale dbar count 0 000000 PressScale_2 pdbar count 2 0 External Pressure Sensor NO External sensors STANDARD Microcat CTD NO LISST Sensor NO Show System Displays the current system parameters Example show system CURRENT ...

Page 58: ...Tek ADVField Autonomous System We know how fast the water moves Do you 3 12 Run Time Commands The command shown here can be used while the ADVField is in data collection or deployment mode It is an alternative way to bring the instrument into command mode if it is not possible to send a BREAK e g if operating the system via a modem alternative BREAK command Sending three characters in succession c...

Page 59: ...installed optional sen sors compass recorder tempera ture pressure See 4 2 for de tails on setting these switches CPU Backup Battery Connector This keyed 2 pin red connector is wired to a backup bat tery for systems with the internal recorder it is not used in real time systems Note This is the same connector as for the front end plate diode on the ADVField splash proof housing the backup battery ...

Page 60: ...board with a few im portant features la beled The DSP digi tizes the return signal and performs Doppler calculations to deter mine velocity The im portant features of the DSP board include DSP The digital signal processor chip provides the major computational power of the ADV electronics DSP EPROM This chip stores the digital processing algorithms used by the ADV to meas ure velocity Upgrades for ...

Page 61: ...s the spare connector listed above The cable from this connector goes to the DB9 serial communications connector ADVField in splash proof housing or to the power and commu nications connector ADVField in underwater canister Full Length Card Connector This 64 pin connector mates to a connector on the DSP board and to a connector on the Recorder board Baud Rate Hex Switch This rotary switch sets the...

Page 62: ...tly recorder sizes from 10 MB to 1 2 GB are available call SonTek for latest information Card Release Switch This switch ejects the PCMCIA card from its mounting fixture When assembled the card is physically secured using an external bracket The card should not need to be removed during normal operation Full Length Card Connector This 64 pin connector mates to a connector on the bottom of the CPU ...

Page 63: ...nly one of the orientation switches should be ON at any time Switch 1 indicates the system is deployed looking up switch 2 indicates the system is looking down and switch 3 indi cates the system is deployed looking to the side Note When switching to up down or side looking you must set the correct switch and change the physical mounting of the compass See 4 7 2 for details on changing compass orie...

Page 64: ...or RS422 this switch should be set to 0 For RS485 the communication protocol jumpers see below must be set to RS422 RS485 and the address switch must be set to a hex value from 1 to F Communication Protocol Jumpers CPU Board The ADVField supports three serial communication protocols RS232 default RS422 and RS485 see 5 2 for information about the different protocols The communication protocol jumpe...

Page 65: ...a output from ADV Data In RS232 serial data input to ADV Rx RS422 serial data input to ADV positive wire differential signal Rx RS422 serial data input to ADV negative wire differential signal Tx RS422 serial data output from ADV positive wire differential signal Tx RS422 serial data output from ADV negative wire differential signal 4 3 1 ADVField Splash Proof Housing The front of the ADVField spl...

Page 66: ... have any questions about the connectors used on your system The high frequency cable from the ADVField underwater canister to the probe is a custom shielded highly noise sensitive cable Contact SonTek before making any modifications to this cable or connector SonTek uses underwater connectors made by Impulse Enterprises Contact information for Im pulse if ordering items directly is Impulse Enterp...

Page 67: ...n the ADVField splash proof housing 4 3 1 The coaxial connector uses the center conductor as positive and the outer conductor as negative Contact SonTek for more information about custom cable wiring and access to the auxiliary input output signals 4 3 3 External Sensor Connector Systems with external sensors may use different cables connectors depending on the sensor being used Two of the more co...

Page 68: ...is sealed with a gasket waterproof but not intended for submersion so it may take some effort remove the plate prying one edge up is a good way to start 3 Pull the end plate straight out from the housing Several cables join the end plate to the elec tronics and the electronics should slide smoothly out of the housing Remove the electronics completely from the housing and place the assembly in a st...

Page 69: ...6 pin auxiliary input output connector to the DSP board This cable goes to the DB15 connector on the end plate 8 Connect the black 10 pin serial communication connector to the CPU board This cable goes to the DB9 connector on the end plate To close the housing 1 Install the board stack with end plate attached by aligning the board edges with the extruded slots on the inside of the housing The Anal...

Page 70: ... goes to the power and communication connector on the end plate 7 Remove the black 10 pin serial communication connector from the CPU board This cable goes to the power and communication connector on the end plate All cables from the end plate to the board stack should now be disconnected 8 Remove the four 4 40 screws securing the four corners of the Analog board 9 Remove the Analog board by lifti...

Page 71: ...tion connector on the end plate 10 Connect the black 10 pin serial communication connector to the CPU board This cable goes to the power and communication connector on the end plate To close the canister 1 Clean and inspect the o ring and o ring surfaces on the end cap and the canister Replace the o ring if necessary 2 If the system includes internal battery packs connect the cables from the two p...

Page 72: ... DSP board by lifting straight up from the CPU board These two boards are joined by a card connector at one end be careful not to bend any pins 12 Remove the four hex standoffs 1 4 wrench size 1 2 tall 4 40 thread securing the four corners of the CPU board 13 Remove the CPU board by lifting straight up from the Recorder board if installed These two boards are joined by a card connector at one end ...

Page 73: ... input power connector 9 Connect the black 16 pin auxiliary input output connector to the DSP board This cable goes to the power and communication connector on the end plate 10 Connect the black 10 pin serial communication connector to the CPU board This cable goes to the power and communication connector on the end plate To close the canister 1 Clean and inspect the o ring and o ring surfaces on ...

Page 74: ...er and pads and lift out the bat tery packs SonTek packs have straps attached to them for easy removal if these are not present tilt the canis ter to slide out the packs To install new batteries 1 Place one foam pad on the bottom of the case 2 Install the two packs in the case Align the cables from the two packs on the same side of the canister 3 Place several foam pads on top of the battery packs...

Page 75: ... diameter is used The fuse has two pins that plug into a socket on the Analog board The orientation of the fuse in this socket does not matter If you are unable to establish communication with the ADVField and measurements show that the processing module is not drawing any current when input power is applied the fuse may be blown Test and if necessary replace the fuse using the following steps 1 O...

Page 76: ...con nectors are used to prevent the power supply being connected to the internal battery The front panel connector is for use with the 24 V power supply included with the ADV or any other 12 24 VDC external power supply for continuous system operation The rear panel connector and battery are isolated from the front panel supply The front panel supply will not charge the battery and will not produc...

Page 77: ...obe assembly The high frequency cable from the processing module is connected to the top end cap using a non removable penetrator The receiver electronics are directly mounted to the top end cap cable as sembly and are connected to the probe end cap using an edge connector on the receiver board 5 MHz ADVOcean without Optional Sensors The conditioning module of the ADVOcean without optional sensors...

Page 78: ... 7 2 for a description of these cables The three screws that secure the end cap to the conditioning mod ule housing are slightly asymmetric and can only be installed in one orientation this ensures the correct alignment of the compass tilt sensor with respect to the probe Install the end cap and se cure with the three 6 32 screws Note The cables and electronics in the conditioning module are very ...

Page 79: ...otion 4 7 1 Testing Compass Operation This section describes a simple procedure to verify basic compass operation performed using a continuous display of compass data heading pitch and roll The display can be obtained using the direct command interface the DOS based compass calibration software COMPCAL or the Windows based compass calibration software Compass part of SonUtils If using the direct c...

Page 80: ... compass and ADV electronics using an RS232 interface The compass X and Y axes are labeled near the magnetic coils The positive X axis is defined from the connector towards the magnetic coils the positive Z axis is perpen dicular to the compass board The positive Y axis is defined for a right hand coordinate system Pitch is defined as a rotation about the Y axis positive pitch raises the magnetic ...

Page 81: ...ts of two holes with threaded inserts for 6 32 bolts these holes are 1 75 apart They match the right angle mounting bracket used for side looking compass installation Group 3 consists of five holes that are not used these holes are present only in the first production run of the ADV with compass and tilt sensor All mounting holes use self locking threaded inserts These inserts give some resistance...

Page 82: ...fs used for up looking operation 4 40 x 1 2 second is a set of longer standoffs 4 40 x 1 used to clear the height of the board components The compass is mounted to the last set of standoffs and secured by four screws 4 40 x 3 8 with fiber washers on each side To ensure correct compass data align the compass positive X axis from the connector to the magnetic coils with the probe positive X axis as ...

Page 83: ...ng operation you must ensure the probe s X axis stamped on the end cap and defined by re ceiver arm 1 is in the horizontal plane within the 50 limits of the tilt sensor When looking at the rear end cap the pressure sensor should be in the position shown in Figure 22 If the system does not have a pressure sensor make sure the X axis points to the right of the underwater connec tor Figure 22 shows t...

Page 84: ...ard to the underwater connector This carries the conditioned temperature and pressure signals to the processing module for sampling 4 7 4 ENU Coordinate System The translation of velocity data from XYZ to Earth ENU coordinates is enabled or disabled through commands to the ADVField and is transparent to the user Selection of the coordinate system is done using the CoordSystem command 3 6 or by a m...

Page 85: ... should repeat the calibration If the results do not improve consider changing the ADV loca tion or modifying the mounting structure The compass calibration software follows an essentially identical procedure and reports the same calibration score See the ADVField Software Manual for details 4 7 6 Communicating Directly with the Compass All communications for compass operation is done automaticall...

Page 86: ...uracy corresponds to a sound speed accuracy for temperature considerations only of less than 0 1 The pressure sensor is mounted in the conditioning module end cap Figure 23 The sensor is recessed within the end cap and isolated from the water for cor rosion protection by a dia phragm and silicon oil reser voir The diaphragm is held in place by a plastic retaining plug that screws into the end cap ...

Page 87: ... first two methods the constants are output with units of dBar and dBar count respec tively and can be used directly in the formula above When using the binary data directly Pres sure_Offset is stored in units of µBar and must be multiplied by 105 Pressure_Scale is stored in units of nanoBar count and must be multiplied by 108 before using in the above equation When using the data conversion softw...

Page 88: ...ct command interface 3 9 4 4 9 2 Serial External Pressure Sensors PAROS As mentioned the first external pressure sensor we supported was the PAROS The PAROS is con nected to an ADVField by a short cable The differences when compared with a strain gage are The PAROS is an absolute sensor It reads 1 dbar in air a strain gage reports 0 dbars in air Sampling rate is limited to 4 Hz ADVs and Hydras due...

Page 89: ... 1 3525000E 15 1 7647000E 17 3 8552999E 19 3 7756621E 15 1 9573000E 19 3 6951001E 20 3 3300999E 22 4 9 4 Paroscientific Digiquartz Ext Freq Pressure Sensor PAROSFREQ User requirements for deeper ratings compared to DRUCK and faster response compared to PAROS convinced SonTek to offer the Paroscientific digiquartz sensor with frequency output PAROSFREQ Functionally the interface for the PAROSFREQ i...

Page 90: ...ugh the direct command interface See 3 9 4 for a description of these commands 4 9 6 External Pressure Sensor Software Additional software is required to use external frequency pressure sensors DRUCK PAROSFREQ with SonTek instruments Refer to the ADVField Software Manual for details on these programs LDDRUCK DOS Loads the DRUCK PAROSFREQ calibration file into the ADVField GTDRUCK DOS Gets download...

Page 91: ...es to allow the LIST 100 time to process the lines The NEW command clears the current program from memory before the new program is loaded The LIST command can be used to print the currently loaded program to the screen The TTOOLS program provided by Sequoia Scientific is best suited for this download Connect LISST sensor to a serial port on your computer Connect external power source to the LISST...

Page 92: ...uploads the PPB samples If the ADVField was not able to establish communication with the LISST at the beginning or at the end of the burst PPB blank samples are stored in the recorder to preserve the integrity of the ADVField file Note that the data upload from the LISST needs to be completed before the next burst can be initiated this effectively increases the length of the burst Make sure you al...

Page 93: ...the mounting stem or ca ble from the sensor towards the signal conditioning module The positive X axis is defined from the acoustic transmitter to acoustic receiver 1 painted red The positive Y axis is de fined to give a right hand coordinate system 3D Side Looking The positive Z axis is defined along the axis of the acoustic transmitter from the sampling volume towards the ADV sensor The positive...

Page 94: ...ommercially and allow an ADV using RS422 communication to be connected to the RS232 serial port of a PC compatible computer One supplier for this type of converter is B B Electronics Phone 815 434 0846 Part numbers 707 Payton Rd Fax 815 434 7094 Converter 422COR Ottawa IL 61350 USA www bb elec com Power supply 422PS2 RS485 communication uses the same electrical protocol as RS422 but adds an addres...

Page 95: ...step changes in the output voltage signal Each analog output signal is filtered using a first order RC filter with a corner frequency at 15 Hz The filter should not have any significant impact on ADV data quality but it will introduce a phase lag for high frequency data e g when sampling at 25 Hz For applications with high sampling rates we recommend using the digital output data which has no filt...

Page 96: ...ds to the center of the averaging interval The SyncIn signal permits external control of ADV sampling Two control options are available at the start of ADV sampling on receipt of an input pulse Start on Sync or full external control of the data collection rate Sample on Sync An externally supplied 5V TTL pulse is normally used to trigger data collection alternatively the 5V supply accessed from th...

Page 97: ...arnacles by scraping with a knife or by soaking the probe in vinegar The system can be operated with the acoustic sensor out of the water without damage al though the velocity data will be meaningless Make sure a zinc anode is installed and in good condition when operating the ADV in salt water If you have any concern about the condition of the zinc anode replace it Always rinse the probe in fresh...

Page 98: ...he recommended seeding level is 10 50 mg L This material consists of hol low glass spheres with a mean diameter of about 10 µm Additional seeding material for small quantities is available from SonTek The seeding material has not been found to have any ad verse effects on the performance of Laser Doppler Velocimeters For applications requiring large quantities of seeding material you can order dir...

Page 99: ...e ADV is designed to provide years of reliable performance with minimal maintenance Unless mechanically damaged the ADV never requires recalibration This section provides some general guidelines for taking care of the ADV to ensure a long life and reliable performance The ADV acoustic sensor should be protected from mechanical impact If the receiver arms are bent the geometry of the sensor will ch...

Page 100: ... Software Manual for details You can also test operation by talking directly to the ADV using the direct command interface Section 3 SonTek software includes a terminal emulator program SONTERM for this purpose If you are unable to use the data acquisition software try to establish communications with a terminal emulator When the system is awake it should consume 3 5 W of power If there is no resp...

Page 101: ...pectrum 5 11 4 Low Signal to Noise Ratio SNR A low SNR typically considered less than 5 10 dB can cause increased noise in the velocity data SNR is a function of the amount of scattering material in the water In very clear water the ADV will not be able to make accurate velocity measurements If the SNR is low check the fol lowing areas Clean the faces of the acoustic sensors Add seeding material C...

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Page 103: ...you detect a hardware problem or if you need additional help in identifying a problem with your ADV Please obtain a Return Merchan dise Authorization RMA number before returning the system to the factory If it becomes necessary for you to return your system to the factory please package the instru ment in the original container in which it was shipped If it is not possible to use the original con ...

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Page 105: ... series of samples forms a tabular output that can be easily loaded by data analysis software The maximum ASCII output rate when using 9600 baud is about 5 Hz If higher sampling rates are required either use binary output or increase the baud rate see 4 2 Table 22 shows what data values are output in each column based on which optional sensors are installed The following list defines each data typ...

Page 106: ...ress 14 Temperature CTD Sal 15 Pressure A1 2 Real Time Output Data Binary Format to Serial Port If OutFormat BINARY the ADV sends a block of data to the serial port after each velocity sam ple The size of the binary format data block varies depending on which optional sensors com pass tilt temperature pressure are installed Section A1 2 1 describes the data block formats A1 2 1 Block Structures Th...

Page 107: ...gned char Nbytes Number of bytes in record 22 unsigned int SampleNum From start of data collection int XYZVel 3 x y z vel in 0 1 mm s unsigned char Amp 3 Amplitude 1 2 3 unsigned char Cm 3 Correlation 1 2 3 int Temp in 0 01 deg C unsigned int Press in counts 0 65535 unsigned int ChkSum 2 byte checksum of preceding 20 bytes ADVTempPres ADV data with compass tilt sensor and with temperature and or p...

Page 108: ...puteCheckSum buf Sample_Length 2 In this example buf is a pointer to the memory location where the profile begins i e the name of the character array where the profile was placed ComputeCheckSum simply adds the first Sample_Length 2 bytes starting at location buf and then adds the value 0xA596 The result of this summation is then truncated to a two byte integer and returned The addition of the val...

Page 109: ...mpling volume distance to boundary see below Line 3 System diagnostic data the only value of interest to the user is the 16th item on this line which is battery voltage in units of 0 2 V e g output of 92 18 4 V Recorded data byte This parameter uses one byte to identify the user selected data recording options Each item sets a bit to 1 if enabled or 0 if disabled With bit 7 as the MSB and bit 0 as...

Page 110: ...pling burst These blocks contain the burst header information including date and time from the real time clock a time series of samples collected during the burst and statistics calculated at the end of each burst The type and amount of data recorded with each sample will vary depending on the setting of the data recording parameters see 3 7 Each burst data block begins with a header record 60 byt...

Page 111: ...ional external pressure sensor with each sample RecordCTD Records CTD data from an optional CTD sensor with each sample RecordLISST Records data from an optional LISST 100 sensor with each sample Table 23 Bytes Recorded per Sample Based on Selected Parameters Binary Bit Dec 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Recorded Parameter set to YES Bytes per sample 0 1 1 RecordAmpCorr 4 0 1 2 RecordCompass 6 0 1 4 RecordSensor...

Page 112: ...or is installed The data corresponds to raw counts from a 12 bit analog to digital converter Datum Bytes Description Ad Chan 1 2 Data from sensor channel 1 in units of counts 0 65535 Ad Chan 2 2 Data from sensor channel 2 in units of counts 0 65535 4 RecordExtPress Set to YES If RecordExtPress YES an additional three bytes of data are recorded with each sample as sumes an optional external pressur...

Page 113: ...ation of roll in 0 1 StdTemp 2 Standard deviation of temperature in 0 01 StdPress 2 Standard deviation of pressure in counts 0 4095 SoundSpeed 2 Sound speed in 0 1 m s 36 All Record Parameters Set to YES When all the Record parameters are set to YES the maximum amount of data is recorded 33 bytes Datum Bytes Description Vx 2 Velocity components expressed as 2 byte Vy 2 signed integers Vz 2 in unit...

Page 114: ... bar per count 2 char CtdSensorInstalled 1 if MicroCat CTD 2 if LISST AdvSystemConfigType The structure AdvConfType defines the probe configuration information 164 bytes typedef struct unsigned char FileType unsigned char FileVer DateType FileDate long FileNbytes char SerialNum 6 char ProbeType 3 2 d orientation char ProbeSize 0 5cm probe 1 10cm probe int ProbeNbeams int NomPeakPos in Timing cycle...

Page 115: ...d char DeploymentName 9 DateTimeType BeginDeploymentDateTime char CommentLine1 60 char CommentLine2 60 char CommentLine3 60 char AutoSleep char Spare 7 set to all 0s AdvDeploymentSetupType The structure DateTimeType defines real time clock date and time and is referenced in other structures 8 bytes typedef struct int year char day month minute hour sec100 second DateTimeType The structure DateType...

Page 116: ...tdPitch in 0 1 deg int StdRoll in 0 1 deg int StdTemp in 0 01 deg int StdPress in counts 0 4095 unsigned int SoundSpeed in 0 1 m s AdvStatType The exact structure used to record each sample depends on the settings of the data recording op tions RecordAmpCorr RecordCompass RecordSensor etc See 3 7 for information about these options Table 24 provides information on the size and the order in which d...

Page 117: ...ned int ExtAdCh 2 Ch1 Ch2 sensor data counts 0 65535 ExtPress 3 bytes char ExtPress 3 millidbars Paros or milliHz Druck Parosfreq CTD 4 bytes Temp 0 0001 of deg C Cond 0 00001 siemens Press 0 001 dbar Sal 0 0001 PSU LISST 80 char char LisstBuff 80 Statistics 36 bytes unsigned char MeanAmp 3 in counts for the 3 beams unsigned char MeanCorr 3 in counts for the 3 beams int MeanHeading 0 1 deg int Mea...

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Page 119: ...00 feet A RS422 RS232 converter is used to connect the RS485 ADVField Hydra systems to a stan dard PC serial port Each ADVField Hydra is configured with a unique system address All communication is prefaced with a system address each ADVField Hydra responds only to commands directed to its specific address Operation and data collection for all systems is controlled from a single PC Data from each ...

Page 120: ...u may need to use a DB25 to DB9 converter ca ble Converter Cable C Connect the DB9 of Primary Cable A to the female connector of Splitter Cable B Connect the male connector of Splitter Cable B to the primary ADVField Hydra Continue connecting the splitter cables to all ADVFields Hydras in the chain Connect power to each of the ADVField Hydra units for systems without internal batteries A3 4 RS485 ...

Page 121: ...probe configuration file that each individual system will use The file should look something like the following where the probe at address 1 is using configuration file A001 PRO the probe at address 2 is using file A123 PRO and the probe at address 3 is using configuration file A456 PRO PROBE 1 A001 PRO PROBE 2 A123 PRO PROBE 3 A456 PRO A3 7 ADFCheck and SonRec RS485 The DOS diagnostic software AD...

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Page 123: ...nications 73 compass installation 68 compass operation testing 67 compass tilt sensor optional 67 COMPCAL EXE 67 components 1 configuration file probe See probe configuration file configuration system 13 connector external sensor 55 connectors 53 coordinate system ENU 72 81 coordinate system XYZ Cartesian 81 CoordSystem CY command 33 CoordSystem command 81 CPU board 49 CPUaddress command 108 CTD c...

Page 124: ... communication 52 protocol serial communication 82 real time data collection 14 real time output ASCII format 93 real time output binary format 94 RecordAmpCorr command 37 RecordCompass command 37 RecordCTD command 39 recorder board 50 recorder commands 26 40 RecordExtPress command 39 RecordExtSensor command 38 RecordLisst command 39 RecordSensor command 38 RecordStat command 38 RecStatus command ...

Page 125: ...ronization external 84 SyncIn signal 84 SyncMode SM command 34 SyncMode command 84 SyncOut signal 84 syntax command 24 system commands 25 29 Temp command 32 temperature 8 temperature sensor 74 TempMode TM command 33 terminology 8 testing compass operation 67 tilt compass sensor optional 67 Time command 30 troubleshooting diagnostics 88 excess noise 89 low correlation 89 low SNR 89 setup configurat...

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Page 127: ...oduced translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from SonTek Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual However SonTek makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose SonTek shall not be liable for any errors or for...

Page 128: ...DVField Software Manual September 1 2001 RECORD OF CHANGES Effective Description 01 SEP 1999 Base document ADVField software version 7 1 01 SEP 2001 ADVField firmware v7 9 ADVField software v7 7 Windows software added ...

Page 129: ... Conversion GET___ EXE 17 3 1 File Header Conversion GETCTL EXE 17 3 2 Data Sample Conversion GETAMP GETCOR GETHPR GETSEN GETSNR GETVEL 17 Section 4 Hardware Diagnostics ADFCHECK EXE 21 4 1 Sample Program Output 21 4 2 Diagnosing Hardware Problems 24 Section 5 Analog Output Calibration ADFCALAO EXE 29 Section 6 Compass Calibration COMPCAL EXE 31 Section 7 Terminal Emulator SONTERM EXE 33 Section 8...

Page 130: ...ries Graph 54 12 2 2 Sample Data Time Series Graphs 55 12 2 3 Burst Tabular Data 55 12 2 4 Sample Tabular Data 56 12 3 Menu Item Descriptions 57 12 3 1 File Menu 57 12 3 2 Edit Menu 58 12 3 3 View Menu 58 12 3 4 Processing Menu 59 12 3 5 Hydra Config Menu 60 12 3 6 Analysis Menu 61 12 3 7 Toolbar Icons 62 Section 13 Additional Support 63 Appendix 1 Automatic File Naming Convention 65 Appendix 2 AD...

Page 131: ...blems Section 5 Analog Output Calibration ADFCALAO EXE Software to calibrate the analog output voltages for the effects of long cables and temperature fluctuations Section 6 Compass Calibration COMPCAL EXE A program to calibrate the optional compass tilt sensor for the ADVField Section 7 Terminal Emulator SONTERM EXE A program to access the direct com mand interface of the ADVField through the com...

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Page 133: ...s configuration this separate floppy disk may or may not be included and may or may not contain all files mentioned here To install the DOS and Windows software on a Windows based computer Insert the distribution CD in your computer An installation menu Figure 1 should auto matically appear after the CD has been inserted o If the menu does not appear in a few seconds click Start Run and type d ins...

Page 134: ...or files from the real time data acquisition software to convert velocity data to ASCII format Section 3 ADFCHECK EXE Diagnostic program to test system performance Section 4 ADFCALAO EXE Calibration program for analog output voltages Section 5 COMPCAL EXE Calibration program for optional compass tilt sensor Section 6 SONTERM EXE Terminal emulator for accessing the direct command interface Section ...

Page 135: ...ries graphs as tabular displays or as an ASCII text file See Section 12 for details Note Hydra systems that have the directional waves option installed use an advanced version of this pro gram ViewHydraPro WinADV This data post processing package was written by Tony Wahl of the U S Bureau of Reclamation WinADV provides an integrated environment for viewing reviewing and processing data collected u...

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Page 137: ...ary on the screen Data acquisition mode is entered from the boundary adjust ment mode by pressing F10 In the data acquisition mode the program collects displays and re cords if enabled velocity data until stopped by the operator While data are being collected you can change the display without interrupting the sampling or recording of the data The description of the data acquisition software is di...

Page 138: ...s one or more charac ters following the program name at the DOS prompt Command line options are listed following a hyphen after the program name e g ADF w You can enter multiple command line options by listing all desired options following a single hyphen e g ADF wg Command Function ADF w Black and white display This runs the data acquisition software using a black and white display for monochrome...

Page 139: ...ile unless you run the pro gram stop it and then run it again all within one minute or if there is a problem with the PC clock and by coincidence the program gets the same time from the PC in different runs Software Parameter Files The parameters used by the ADV data acquisition software are divided into two areas ADV configuration parameters and display parameters The ADV configuration parameters...

Page 140: ...V and send your data collection parameters While this is being done the program displays and records in a file named ADF LOG all commands sent to the ADV The left of the screen shows the data collection parameters you can set To change these param eters move through the menu using the up down arrow or PgUp PgDn keys The highlighted item can be executed changed by pressing Enter After pressing Ente...

Page 141: ...ore details about velocity range External Synchronization Multiple choice You can synchronize the ADV with either an external data acquisition system or a remote trigger through the SyncIn line provided in the processing module You can set external synchronization to the following three modes see ADVField Operation Manual for details DISABLED The state of the SyncIn line is ignored START ON SYNC T...

Page 142: ...10 at the start of each burst the first burst starts at 0 Pressing Ctrl S while a burst is being recorded stops data recording but the system stays in the data acquisition mode and continues to display real time data Note This will change the num ber of samples recorded in that burst Subsequently pressing Ctrl Q starts the recording of an other burst The start of each burst increments the event co...

Page 143: ...s useful for positioning the probe near the surface or a solid boundary The distance measurements are accurate to about 1 mm for the 16 10 MHz ADV and 2 mm for the 5 MHz ADVOcean The boundary adjustment mode is necessary because the ADV must adjust its operation to pre vent boundary reflections from interfering with signals from the sampling volume Under some conditions the presence of a boundary ...

Page 144: ...sections The top displays information on the status of data acquisition Below this the tabular data section displays values of velocity and di agnostic data The middle presents real time plots of SNR correlation and velocity data The bottom shows which keys are active during data acquisition and their functions Status Information The status information is updated after each sample but not more tha...

Page 145: ...n see Active Keys below This filter allows you to set a time scale for estimating mean velocities from the display during data collection This fil tering process is only used for the tabular data display It is not applied to the graphic display or to the recorded data If the display is paused see Space Bar below the smoothed data values are replaced by the un filtered ADV data values for the last ...

Page 146: ...u change the time span of the real time trace from several preset alternatives F4 Change Trace Vel Multiple choice This key lets you change which velocity components are plotted You can display all three com ponents simultaneously or any single component F5 Change Vel Scale Multiple choice This key lets you change the full velocity scale of the trace from several preset alternatives F6 Filter Mult...

Page 147: ...has been enabled and the ADV is waiting for the first sync pulse it will show WAITING FOR SYNC If data collection has been started and recording has not been enabled it will show NOT RECORDING If data collection has been started recording has been enabled and data are currently being written to the computer disk it will show RECORDING If data collection has been started recording has been enabled ...

Page 148: ... the user specified data collection parameters In the boundary adjustment mode the software records the last measured distance to the boundary With each sample the program records a binary record containing velocity data three components SNR data three values one for each receiver correlation data three values one for each receiver and the cur rent value of the event counter If the ADV has the opt...

Page 149: ...and normally use the same name as the binary data file this is not usually a concern If you modify any of the output files during analysis be careful that the modified file is not acci dentally overwritten when extracting other portions of the data 3 1 File Header Conversion GETCTL EXE This program extracts the file configuration i e control information stored at the beginning of each ADV binary d...

Page 150: ... Probe DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 Probe DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 where T is the time in seconds from the start of the first sample and Event is the value of the event counter for marking points during the data file using F7 at the time the sample was col lected The rest of the line contains the probe number followed by its corresponding data Table 2 summarizes the values and units output by the data sample conver...

Page 151: ...ocity data and to edit data in post processing GETSNR Retrieves signal strength data from each of the three receivers as a signal to noise ratio SNR in dB SNR is calculated from signal amplitude by subtracting the noise level and converting to units of dB For high frequency velocity measurements i e sampling at 25 Hz SNR should be above 15 dB and for mean velocity measurements i e sampling at 1 Hz...

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Page 153: ...rength in ADV signal strength counts for the three receivers at that location See 4 1 for a description of ADV units This program can be run continuously You do not need to turn off the computer or shut down the program when replacing probes or connecting cables Running this program while changing probes 10 MHz ADV only is a good way to ensure the probe is properly installed See the ADV Principles...

Page 154: ...5 counts for 5 cm probes and at 175 195 counts for 10 cm probes For 5 MHz ADVOcean probes the peak is typically located at 140 160 counts All three receivers should see the peak in the same loca tion although there will be variation in the height and shape of the curve It is possible to cal culate the signal to noise ratio SNR from the height of this curve and the noise level see below For the exa...

Page 155: ... of probe is being used Pressing S tells the program that a 10 MHz ADV with a 5 cm distance to the sampling volume is being used If the probe type is not correctly specified the peak position and level shown at the top of the screen will not be correct L 10 cm Probe Pressing L tells the program that a 10 MHz ADV with a 10 cm distance to the sampling volume is being used O ADVOcean Probe Pressing O...

Page 156: ...changing probes for 10 MHz ADV probes only and appears as a flat response in all receivers after the initial transmit pulse ringing no change for the sampling volume or boundary reflection The signal strength in the flat area will be 10 15 counts lower than the normal noise level We recommend running ADFCHECK while replacing probes to be cer tain the probe is properly connected Be aware that this ...

Page 157: ...SI ADVField Software Manual September 1 2001 25 Figure 6 ADFCHECK with Low Scattering Strength Figure 7 ADFCHECK with Malfunctioning Acoustic Receiver Figure 8 ADFCHECK with Malfunctioning Acoustic Transmitter ...

Page 158: ...able The noise level may also be higher than normal because of external electromagnetic interference or because water has con densed on the receiver electronics Coil any extra high frequency probe cable to minimize the noise and keep the electronics dry by putting a fresh bag of desiccant inside the conditioning module Case H High signal strength past the boundary Figure 10 If the signal strength ...

Page 159: ...SonTek YSI ADVField Software Manual September 1 2001 27 Figure 9 ADFCHECK with Bent Receiver Arm Figure 10 ADFCHECK with Excessive Acoustic Noise in Tank ...

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Page 161: ...librating the analog output volt ages Calibration of the analog outputs is required to compensate for minor changes in the output voltage levels caused by cables and temperature fluctuations To run the calibration program type the following command at the DOS prompt ADFCALAO com port The com port parameter is the communication port to which the instrument is connected 1 for COM1 2 for COM2 ADFCALA...

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Page 163: ...t orientation is output in real time The graphical display provides three perspectives To the right is a compass that in dicates the direction the X axis is pointing To the left are tabular and graphical displays of pitch and roll In the center is a 3D box with an X on the side corresponding to north When this side is facing into the screen the instrument X axis is facing north To begin the calibr...

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Page 165: ...verything that appears on the screen will be written to this file If a log file is currently open this function closes the file At start up no log file is used Confirmation is required before the program will overwrite an existing log file Alt C Loads commands from an ASCII file You are prompted to enter the file name The file specified should be an ASCII text file with each line containing one co...

Page 166: ...OM2 Baud rate 1 300 2 1200 3 2400 4 4800 5 9600 6 19200 7 38400 8 57600 9 115200 Parity N none E even O odd H high L low Data bits Alt F7 7 Alt F8 8 Stop bits Alt F1 1 Alt F2 2 Defaults D Return all settings to default values COM1 9600 baud no parity 8 data bits 2 stop bits Table 4 Changing Communication Parameters Alt S ...

Page 167: ...ew seconds After the directory has been downloaded SONREC shows a list of files cur rently stored on the recorder The directory screen presents the following information Number of files on recorder List of files including name size and date time of creation Recorder size bytes Recorder free space bytes Baud rate used for data extraction Active keys and their function as listed below ESC exit progr...

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Page 169: ...onstructed by appending a 3 digit sequence number to the deployment name specified with the DEPLOYMENT command For example if the deployment name is WAVES the first time the DEPLOY command is used a file named WAVES001 ADR will be created If subse quent deployments are initiated with the same deployment name new files will be created with increasing sequence numbers i e WAVES002 ADR WAVES003 ADR B...

Page 170: ...from file WAVES001 ADR to file WAVES HDR The output file displays one line for each burst A series of lines forms a table that can be easily read by a variety of analysis programs The following paragraphs describe the ADVField s autonomous deployment data structure 9 3 Recorded Data Structure Each deployment file contains two types of blocks The first block in the file contains the hard ware and s...

Page 171: ...nd the maximum length of the deployment because deployments are typically limited by storage capacity The selection of which data are recorded is done by set ting the following command parameters RecordAmpCorr Records signal amplitude and correlation for each of the three beams with each sample RecordCompass Records compass pitch and roll with each sample only if the optional compass tilt module i...

Page 172: ...pecified GADVTS uses the same root name as the data file If first burst and last burst are not specified it will extract data for all bursts For example GADVTS WAVES001 extracts all time series data for burst type 1 from WAVES001 ADR and places the output in an AS CII file named WAVES001 TS As another example GADVTS WAVES001 2 WAVES 10 50 extracts time series data for burst type 2 bursts 10 throug...

Page 173: ...re starting data collection If the wrong con figuration file is used velocity data will be corrupted The command line syntax is ADFSET com port conf file The com port parameter is the communication port being used on the computer 1 for COM1 2 for COM2 The conf file parameter is the name of the probe configuration file to be downloaded to the ADV e g 1102 PRO when using probe serial number 1102 The...

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Page 175: ...SonUtils displays the opening menu shown in Figure 11 From this menu you can start the following programs Terminal Dumb terminal emulator 11 2 previously named SonTermW Compass Compass calibration 11 3 previously named CompCalW Recorder Internal recorder data extraction 11 4 previously named SonRecW Figure 11 SonUtils Main Menu ...

Page 176: ...l The Terminal window is divided into several sections Figure 12 The top left area is used to set basic communication parameters The middle left area contains a few of the most used commands that can quickly be sent to the instrument with a click of the button The large blue area at the upper right shows instrument output The ADVField echoes all commands as they are received The white area at the ...

Page 177: ...Calibration runs a calibration routine for systems equipped with the optional com pass tilt sensor Firmware uploads a firmware update file hex extension to the ADVField s processor Your system must have the flash firmware type of EPROM chip installed Contact SonTek or visit our web site www sontek com to see if a firmware update is available for your system Note When updating your firmware using t...

Page 178: ...mpass operation and calibration Compass records all compass calibration data and results to a log file The Compass window is divided into several areas Figure 13 The top area contains communication controls and parameters This area also displays com pass and tilt sensor data The gray area at the bottom displays calibration instructions and program status The Connect icon establishes communication ...

Page 179: ...calibration and the display of compass data Follow the instructions for calibration o The ADVField should be rotated through at least two complete rotations varying pitch and roll as much as is practical within the 50 sensor limit o If possible calibration should be performed with the ADVField installed in the mounting frame that will be used during deployment At the end of calibration press Stop ...

Page 180: ...mode at a higher baud rate usually 115200 and downloads the specified files The Recorder window is divided into several areas Figure 14 The top area shows communication parameters The gray area on the left displays program status The white area on the right displays a directory of the files on the internal recorder The area on the lower right contains control buttons and shows the destination path...

Page 181: ...recorder has been erased To erase the recorder click Format and then OK to confirm your decision when the warning window appears Download Baud Rate Recorder uses a higher baud rate to download data files compared to the one used for stan dard system communication The default download baud rate is 115200 High baud rates can only be used with high quality relatively short cables such as the cables n...

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Page 183: ...re than one burst type was collected use this option to select which burst type data set 1 2 3 you wish to view Note To view different burst types simultaneously you can run a separate copy of ViewHydra d Select Burst Range Use this option to select the range of bursts you wish to view for the selected data set The default is to show all bursts otherwise use Selected Bursts and then enter the Star...

Page 184: ...SonTek YSI ADVField Software Manual September 1 2001 52 Figure 15 ViewHydra Screen Shot ...

Page 185: ...s during instrument set up Select Burst Type Data for up to three burst types can be collected recorded Only the burst types collected during the deployment are available for selection Select Burst Range Lets you select all bursts or a selected range of bursts for processing display Burst Statistics Data for up to three burst types can be collected recorded Before viewing the data the first time y...

Page 186: ...Standard Deviation Correlation Correlation Standard Deviation Noise Level Sensors Temperature Temperature Standard Deviation Pressure Pressure Standard Devia tion External Pressure External Pressure Standard Deviation Compass Heading Heading Standard Deviation Pitch Pitch Standard Deviation Roll Roll Standard Deviation CTD CTD Salinity CTD Temperature CTD Conductivity CTD Depth Ext Sensors Externa...

Page 187: ...sor from the desired starting point to the desired ending point on either of the Sample Time Series Graphs c Release the cursor You can now use the horizontal scroll bar to view data to the left and right of the current position To return the graph to its full size select the Zoom Out icon from the tool bar 4 You can change the Sample Data Time Series Graph to show burst data i e data on the top g...

Page 188: ...ity CTD Temp Averaged CTD temperature value in degrees C for selected burst if left axis CTD Temp CTD Cond Averaged CTD conductivity value in Siemens meter for selected burst if left axis CTD Conduct CTD Depth Averaged CTD depth value in meters for selected burst if left axis CTD Depth Ext1 Ext2 Ext3 Averaged reading from the user defined External Sensor 1 2 3 in counts for selected burst if left ...

Page 189: ...ook when printed Depending on the speed of your computer and the number of data points in your graph it may take from several seconds to several minutes before the preview is displayed Print Setup Lets you modify the printer selection and its parameters before printing Export Data Allows you to create ASCII or MatLab with ViewHydraPro file outputs for any or all of the items shown in Table 6 Indiv...

Page 190: ...ch variable s you would like to display in the Top Middle Bottom Time Series Graphs This selection is also available on the tool bar For a description of the variables available in each graph see the following help sections o Burst Data Time Series Graph 12 2 1 o Sample Data Time Series Graphs 12 2 2 o Burst Tabular Data 12 2 3 o Sample Tabular Data 12 2 4 Show Components Allows you to show hide t...

Page 191: ...amples for the displayed burst See Re compute Burst Statistics File below if you want your Mean Removal changes to become the new baseline for your display of data Data Despiking Available only in ViewHydraPro When activated lets you refine readily apparent data spikes into more meaningful data You select a range of samples over which to interpolate the refining of data based on a user selected st...

Page 192: ...on CD ROM 12 3 5 Hydra Config Menu This menu contains the following items which display configuration information that was re corded during data collection Standard Information Gives an overview about the data collected in the file o File Name o File Size o Number of Bursts collected in file o Time of First Burst in file o Time of Last Burst in file o Compass data present in file Yes No o Pressure...

Page 193: ...py to clipboard print the graph Table 7 lists the file naming format for exported histogram files Spectra Allows you to view graphs of auto spectra U V W cross spectra U V U W V W coherence function U V U W V W and transfer function U V U W V W Vari ous options are available while viewing the graph including Get Slope drag cursor over the area of interest 5 3 Slope drag cursor over the area of int...

Page 194: ...Compute and Display Waves Controls Toolbar o Zoom In To magnify an area of the either the Burst Time Series Graph or Sample Time Series Graph a Select the Zoom In icon from the tool bar b Click and drag your cur sor from the desired starting point to the desired ending point on the Time Series Graph c Release the cursor You can now use the horizontal scroll bar to view data to the left and right o...

Page 195: ...port Any questions regarding the ADVField can be directed to SonTek YSI by telephone FAX or email Regular business hours are 8 00 a m to 5 00 p m Pacific Standard Time Monday through Friday Phone 1 858 546 8327 FAX 1 858 546 8150 Email inquiry sontek com Internet http www sontek com ...

Page 196: ...SonTek YSI ADVField Software Manual September 1 2001 64 ...

Page 197: ... starting two characters as specified in the file ADVFILE DEF See 2 2 5 last digit of year i e 1995 A month i e A 10 October D day i e D 13 M hour i e M 22 23 minute ADV all ADV data files use the same extension The above file name is for a file started at 22 23 on October 13 1995 Tables showing the abbre viations for month day and hour are shown below Month 1 January 4 April 7 July A October 2 Fe...

Page 198: ...SonTek YSI ADVField Software Manual September 1 2001 66 ...

Page 199: ...nd Probe Configuration structure defini tions are given below in the C language code used to access the data files User Setup Structure 324 bytes typedef struct char SoftVer 8 DateTimeType StartTime unsigned char ProbeStatus 8 1 if installed 0 if not unsigned char CpuSoftwareVerNum unsigned char DspSoftwareVerNum char AdvType 0 10MHz 5cm 1 10MHz 10cm 2 OCEAN char SensorOrientation 0 down 1 up 2 si...

Page 200: ...sensor structure The optional sensors are available only with the ADVField The data sample can take one of the four forms shown below No Sensors Installed 18 bytes ADV data structure Compass Installed 24 bytes ADV data structure Compass structure Temperature and or Pressure Installed 24 bytes ADV data structure Sensor structure External sensors structure Compass Installed and Temperature and or Pr...

Page 201: ...ytes typedef struct int Temp In 0 1 deg float Press In dbar SensorDatType The following 2 byte structure EventCounterType is used to store the event counter typedef struct unsigned int EventCounter Counter starts at 0 EventCounterType The following 16 byte structure AnalogDatType is used to store the optional analog input mod ule data typedef struct int Analog 8 In counts 0 4095 AnalogDatType ...

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Page 203: ...a sample conversion 17 diagnostic program 21 disable recording 7 disk space 12 display 14 display parameters 7 DISPLAY SET 7 drk files 3 ENU 13 external synchronization 9 extracting burst data 38 extracting setup and configuration data 37 extracting time series data 40 file comment 10 file configuration structure 67 file format binary 67 file header conversion 17 file size 12 file naming conventio...

Page 204: ...9 sample number 13 sample program output adfcheck 21 sample records 39 samples per burst 9 sampling rate 9 set files 3 setup data extracting 37 setup mode 8 signal to noise ratio 13 SNR1 SNR2 SNR3 13 software installation 1 software parameter files 7 SONREC EXE 2 35 SonRecW 48 SONTERM EXE 2 33 SonTermW Terminal 44 SonUtils 43 Compass 46 Recorder 48 Terminal 44 source code 3 speed of sound 9 standa...

Page 205: ...ction 1 2 The Doppler Shift and Bistatic Current Meters 1 3 Beam Geometry and 3D Velocity Measurements 2 4 Sampling Volume Definition 3 5 Pulse Coherent Processing 4 6 ADV Data 5 6 1 Velocity 5 6 1 1 Velocity Range 5 6 1 2 Sampling 6 6 1 3 Short Term Uncertainty Noise 6 6 1 4 Accuracy 6 6 2 Signal Strength 7 6 3 Correlation Coefficient 7 7 Special Considerations 8 7 1 Alternate Probe Configuration...

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Page 207: ... SonTek 2 The Doppler Shift and Bistatic Current Meters The ADV measures the velocity of water using a physical principle called the Doppler effect If a source of sound is moving relative to the receiver the frequency of the sound at the receiver is shifted from the transmit frequency by the amount Fdoppler Fsource V C where Fdoppler change in received frequency Doppler shift Fsource frequency of ...

Page 208: ...V re ceiver The horizontal axis shows time af ter the transmit pulse while the vertical axis shows the return signal strength measured by the receiver As the transmit pulse travels through the water some por tion of the energy is reflected in all direc tions Immediately following the transmit pulse the reflections that hit the receive transducer come from an angle outside its sensitive range thus ...

Page 209: ... directly by the ADV only in specialized applications normally they are converted to Carte sian XYZ velocities using probe geometry Cartesian velocities give the 3D velocity field rela tive to the orientation of the ADV probe As it is not always possible to control instrument orien tation the ADV can be equipped with an internal compass and tilt sensor Knowing instrument orientation allows the ADV...

Page 210: ...ional to the velocity of the particles in the water Pulse coherent processing is used because it provides the best possible spatial and temporal resolution This section does not attempt to provide a detailed description of pulse coherent processing It presents a general overview with a focus on how this affects ADV operation SonTek can pro vide additional references on pulse coherent processing up...

Page 211: ...ortant ADV parameters is the velocity range setting This determines the maximum velocity that can be measured by the instrument Standard velocity range settings for the 16 10 MHz ADVs are 3 10 30 100 and 250 cm s for the 5 MHz ADVOcean the standard velocity range settings are 5 20 50 200 and 500 cm s In general you should select the lowest velocity range setting that will cover the maximum velocit...

Page 212: ...tiple points will con verge towards the true value without introducing bias The noise level decreases with the square root of the number of samples averaged thus data output at 1 Hz has about one fifth the noise of data output at 25 Hz 6 1 3 Short Term Uncertainty Noise All Doppler systems have an inherent measurement noise that is a result of the physical process by which the sound waves are scat...

Page 213: ...DV velocity measurements will increase For high resolution measurements e g sampling at 25 Hz we recommend maintaining SNR of at least 15 dB For mean current measurements e g sampling at 0 5 Hz or once every 2 seconds the ADV can operate reliably with the SNR as low as 5 dB The strength of the return signal is a function of the amount and type of particulate matter in the water Signal strength val...

Page 214: ... sensor orientation and coordinate resolution Probes can be configured with almost any combination of these The 5 MHz ADVOcean probe uses a single rugged configuration 3D sensor oriented looking down with an 18 cm distance to the sampling volume Sampling volume location The sampling volume can be located either 5 or 10 cm from the tip of the acoustic sensor The 5 cm sensor can be used in shallower...

Page 215: ... by the location of the sam pling volume The geometry change occurs since the ADV sampling time is determined by the specified sound speed If sound speed is incorrect the true location of the sampling volume will differ from the location assumed in the probe calibration file The change in geometry causes sound speed errors to have an increased effect on the accuracy of velocity data Correcting ADV...

Page 216: ...iscussed in Section 4 the vertical extent of the sampling volume is precisely de fined so this leading edge can be placed very close to a boundary without interference When making near boundary measurements it is important that the distance from the probe to the boundary is constant If making measurements near the surface or near a moving bed where the height of the boundary can change with time t...

Page 217: ...terference In Case 3 the pulse lag matches the distance to the boundary so the ADV will be receiving the re flection of the first pulse from the boundary when it is sampling the second pulse This contami nation appears as very high noise levels typically making it impossible to interpret velocity data The ADV has been designed to look for the interference shown in Case 3 Before starting data colle...

Page 218: ... as possible makes the height of the sampling volume 1 2 mm for 16 MHz 10 MHz ADVs and 2 4 mm for 5 MHz ADVOceans There are two effects associated with reducing the size of the sampling volume First by reduc ing the receive window we reduce the number of points averaged for velocity calculations and increase the temporal variability noise of the measurements Reducing the receive window to its mini...

Page 219: ...e 3 cm s will yield good results for flows down to about 0 1 cm s If working in an environment with lower flows the ADV software can be modified to use lower velocity ranges that will improve performance in flows less than 0 1 cm s For more in formation about using the ADV for low flow applications contact SonTek ...

Page 220: ...SonTek YSI Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Principles of Operation September 1 2001 14 ...

Page 221: ...ds SonTek has integrated frequency pressure sensors which offer an order of magnitude better accuracy and stability 0 01 The first supported sensor was the Paroscientific digiquartz with a serial inter face PAROS These sensors because of their size did not fit inside our systems and were mounted externally Figure 1 The next supported sensor the Druck RPT did fit inside an ADP or ADVOcean head Howe...

Page 222: ... pressure readings Available in 50 psia pressure rating only equivalent to 22 dbar strain gage 3 1 1 Sensor Calibration Template Each current meter purchased from SonTek that has the DRUCK sensor installed already has the appropriate calibration coefficients loaded into the processor If this information is lost you can use the calibration sheet provided by the pressure sensor vendor to construct y...

Page 223: ...to 10 Hz ADVs and Hydras because of the time required to sam ple the frequency signal with sufficient precision Requires a calibration specific to each sensor to be loaded into the processor system CPU or a user PC to obtain valid pressure readings Available in 50 psia 22 dbar strain gage and 100 psia 60 m strain gage pressure ratings The structure of the calibration file corresponding to the PARO...

Page 224: ...Hz This parameter is set at the factory and should not be changed by the user PAROS CONT or DRUCK CONT or PAROSFREQ CONT This command provides a useful tool to verify and troubleshoot the frequency sensor For PAROS sensors o This command continually outputs pressure reading in dbar o If the pressure reading is zero the connection between the sensor and the processing electronics may be damaged or ...

Page 225: ...9e 04 K21 4 9470601e 09 K30 8 0327140e 08 K31 1 4093000e 12 K40 1 7388157e 11 K41 2 2691999e 16 K50 2 5953699e 15 K51 1 3877999e 19 K02 3 1005999e 05 K03 2 6474001e 07 K12 1 8332999e 08 K13 8 2459997e 11 K22 1 6572001e 11 K23 1 7079999e 14 K32 7 7020003e 15 K33 9 9870002e 17 K42 4 0642002e 18 K43 1 0678000e 19 K52 5 3660002e 21 K53 2 8249999e 23 4 2 Argonaut SL XR The following command applies to ...

Page 226: ...are 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 and 115200 Address is the address for a RS 485 system Example LDDRUCK P84567 p1 b19200 a2 will download the file P84567 DRK onto the system at address 2 connected to COM port 1 at 19200 baud The GTDRUCK EXE program gets downloads the DRUCK PAROSFREQ calibration file from the in strument s processor to the user s PC The command syntax is GTDRUCK MyCalFile C...

Page 227: ... wave and pressure series data in raw frequency counts DRUCK PAROSFREQ sensors only To ex tract the data use the P command line option to specify the DRUCK PAROSFREQ calibration file so the data can be converted to dbars during the data extraction process Examples GADPWAVE ADPWAVE Pp87654 will extract wave data from the ADPWAVE ADP using DRUCK PAROSFREQ calibration from the p87654 DRK file GADPPRE...

Page 228: ...essure reading 1 Run DRUCK PAROSFREQ in Terminal and make note of the pressure reading with the system in the air say 10 025 dbar for this example 2 In the Processing Sensor Calibration Settings menu set Sensor Type to Ext Pressure and then enter a value of 10 025 for this example in the Offset field to convert pressure data into strain gage data relative to the atmosphere 3 Now use the Processing...

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