Appendix B
DVVA II 4000
B-4
400-42803-01 (Rev B) - July 2017
where
e
= void ratio,
e
0
= void ratio at P=0
P
= applied pressure
a
= granulate hardness parameter with units of pressure
b
= dimensionless stiffness parameter between 0.3 (spherical grains) and 0.1 (angular
grains)
V
V
= volume of the voids
V
S
= volume of the solids
Cooper Eaton
The Cooper-Eaton equation is given by:
where
V
0
= volume at P=0
V
= volume at P
V
S
= volume of the solid sample
P
= applied pressure
a
1
a
2
= material characteristic constants
b
1
b
2
= material characteristic constants
The terms on the right-hand side of the equation relate to the processes of particle rearrangement
and particle deformation. The constants b
1
and b
2
represent the pressures required to induce com-
paction due to those processes, while a
1
and b
2
indicate the relative magnitude of each process.
Modified Heckel
The Modified Heckel equation is given by:
where
P
= applied pressure
D
= relative density
V
v
V
S
------
V
0
V
–
V
0
V
S
–
------------------
a
1
b
1
P
-----
–
a
2
exp
b
2
P
-----
–
+
exp
=
1
1
D
–
-------------
ln
aP
b
c
+
=
Summary of Contents for DVVA II 4000
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