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Measurement Concepts

Keysight

N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer, User’s Guide

Single-Ended Measurements

Single port measurements are made on devices when the signal
on the electrical port is referenced to ground. This port is
described by S-parameters.

Figure 2

Single ended EO (left) and OE measurement setups

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(Electrical connections shown in blue, optical connections in yellow)

DUT



out

DUT



out

Summary of Contents for N4373D

Page 1: ...Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide ...

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Page 4: ...However Buyer shall pay all ship ping charges duties and taxes for products returned to Keysight from another country Keysight warrants that its software and firm ware designated by Keysight for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument Keysight does not warrant that the operation of the instrument software or firmware will be unint...

Page 5: ...etwork analyzer 26 Setting Up the Lightwave Component Analyzer 29 Using the correct connectors 34 Enabling and disabling the laser output 35 Starting the LCA 35 Accessing the User s Guide 35 Performance Quick Check 37 Preparation 38 Network analyzer settings and electrical calibration 38 Verifying your Electrical Calibration 40 Verifying the Optical Connections and Optical CW Operation 42 Verifyin...

Page 6: ...Reference 67 The LCA Function Keys 68 Default and Advanced Measurement Parameters 70 Saving and Loading Setups 71 Saving setups 71 Loading setups 72 The Measurement Parameters 74 Measure Mode 74 LCA System Settings 74 Optical Path Deembedding 77 RF Path Deembedding 78 Tools 80 Laser Source 80 Receiver 80 RF Power 81 Reset UI 81 Making Measurements 83 Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer 84 Ca...

Page 7: ...aintenance 107 Cleaning 108 Safety precautions 108 Why is it important to clean optical devices 109 What do I need for proper cleaning 109 Preserving connectors 114 Cleaning instrument housings 115 Which cleaning procedure should I use for optical components and connectors 115 Replacing the Fuse 123 Troubleshooting 125 Checking the Operation of the Lightwave Component Analyzer 126 Event Log 127 Re...

Page 8: ...s for Optical to Electrical Measurements at 1550 nm O E Mode 151 Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1310 nm O O Mode 152 Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1550 nm O O Mode 153 Specifications for Electrical Electrical Measurements E E Mode 154 Group delay uncertainty 154 General Characteristics 155 Mechanical Outline Drawings options 2x0 2x1 2x2 and 2x9 dimens...

Page 9: ...Introduction Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 7 1 Introduction Documentation 8 General Safety Considerations 9 Optical Test Set Front and Rear Panels 16 ...

Page 10: ...nalyzer Refer to it for using the network analyzer for electrical to electrical measurements or for the configuration of the network analyzer The documentation for the optical test set and the Lightwave Component Analyzer application Refer to this documentation for information on using the optical test set together with the network analyzer for optical to optical electrical to optical and optical ...

Page 11: ...n and to maintain the product in a safe condition Safety symbols CAUTION The caution sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of the product Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met WARNING The warning sign denotes a hazard It calls attentio...

Page 12: ...e Canadian Standards Association WARNING If this product is not used as specified the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired This product must be used in a normal condition in which all means for protection are intact only WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside Refer servicing to qualified service personnel To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers WARNING This is a Sa...

Page 13: ... the cabinet If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts then forced convection must be used CAUTION Install the instrument so that the power switch is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator This is the instrument disconnecting device It disconnects the mains circuit from the mains supply before other parts of the instrument Alternatively an externall...

Page 14: ...er to meet the requirements of IEC 60825 1 we recommend that you stick the laser safety labels in your language onto a suitable location on the outside of the instrument where they are clearly visible to anyone using the instrument N4373D 100 102 101 102 Laser wavelength range 1310 10 nm 1550 20 nm Laser Type DFB DFB Laser Class according to IEC 60825 1 1M 1M Maximum CW output power of LCAa a CW o...

Page 15: ...enable the laser when there is no fiber attached to the optical output connector The laser is enabled by the software or by pressing the laser switch on the front panel The laser is on when the green LED above the switch is lit The use of instruments such as microscopes or spectacles with this product will increase the hazard to your eyes The laser module has built in safety circuitry which will d...

Page 16: ...protective earth connection intentionally Do not remove protective covers Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made only by qualified service personnel Instruments that appear damaged or defective should be made inoperative and secured against unintended operation until they can be repaired by qualified service personnel Defec...

Page 17: ...s that you must not discard this electrical electronic product in domestic household waste Product Category With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE Directive Annex I this product is classed as a Monitoring and Control instrumentation product Do not dispose in domestic household waste To return unwanted products contact your local Keysight office or see http about keysight com en companyi...

Page 18: ...anel of the network analyzer please refer to the documentation supplied with the network analyzer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 1 Power switch Turns on the optical test set To turn on the PNA press the PNA s power key 2 Port A Caution Be sure you do not exceed the RF power values and DC levels noted on the front panel of the instrument This is the RF input to the transmitter of the optical test set ...

Page 19: ...yesight Refer to Laser Safety on page 12 for safety instructions This is the output of the optical transmitter of the lightwave component analyzer 5 Optical Input 1 low power Caution Do not apply more than 7 dBm maximum safe average input power This input is the standard optical input to the optical test set for optical powers up to 4 dBm 6 Optical Input 2 high power Caution Do not apply more than...

Page 20: ...etup Perform continuous sweep measurements with the current measurement setup Start the optical power meter Start the LCA server if not already running 9 Network analyzer Port 2 This is an S parameter measurement port of the network analyzer Depending on the S parameters of the measurement this can be either an RF input or an RF output 10 Network analyzer Port 1 This is an S parameter measurement ...

Page 21: ...alyzer please refer to the documentation supplied with the network analyzer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 10 1 Power switch Turns on the optical test set To turn on the PNA press the PNA s power key 2 Port A Caution Be sure you do not exceed the RF power values and DC levels noted on the front panel of the instrument This is the RF input to the transmitter of the optical test set ...

Page 22: ...yesight Refer to Laser Safety on page 12 for safety instructions This is the output of the optical transmitter of the lightwave component analyzer 5 Optical Input 1 low power Caution Do not apply more than 7 dBm maximum safe average input power This input is the standard optical input to the optical test set for optical powers up to 4 dBm 6 Optical Input 2 high power Caution Do not apply more than...

Page 23: ...etup Perform continuous sweep measurements with the current measurement setup Start the optical power meter Start the LCA server if not already running 9 Network analyzer Port 1 This is an S parameter measurement port of the network analyzer Depending on the S parameters of the measurement this can be either an RF input or an RF output 10 Network analyzer Port 3 This is an S parameter measurement ...

Page 24: ...rameters of the measurement this can be either an RF input or an RF output 12 Network analyzer Port 4 This is an S parameter measurement port of the network analyzer Depending on the S parameters of the measurement this can be either an RF input or an RF output 1 USB The software on the network analyzer uses the USB port to control the optical test set 2 External Input Plug in an external laser so...

Page 25: ...ysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 23 2 Getting Started Unpacking the Lightwave Component Analyzer 24 Mounting the Test Set and the Network Analyzer 26 Setting Up the Lightwave Component Analyzer 29 ...

Page 26: ...ding on the option selected 1x N4373D optical test set 2x 85058 60121 test port adapter 3x 81000NI optical adaptor 1x 8121 1242 USB cable 1x 1150 7896 Keyboard 1x 1150 7799 Mouse 1x E5525 10285 UK 6 report 1x 4373D 90A01 Getting started 1x 4373B 90CD1 Support CD 2x Local power cord 1x RoHS addendum for Photonic T M Accessories 1x RoHS addendum for Photonic T M products Additional option dependent ...

Page 27: ...xible test port MW cable 2 port network analyzer 1x N5520B FG 1 85 mm f f adaptor Mounting Kit part number N4373 88700 2x 0403 1166 Adjustable Foot 65 0 mm 6x 0515 0433 Screw Torx T20 M4X0 7 8mm 12x 0515 1269 Screw Torx T20 M4X0 7 10mm 2x 0515 1619 Screw Torx T20 M4X0 7 25mm 4x 0515 2317 Screw Torx T15 M3 5X0 6 12mm 2x 83427 21264 Sidebar 2x 83427 40062 Trim Sidebar 2x N4373 25261 Bracket Adapter ...

Page 28: ...lyzer 2 Using a Torx T20 screwdriver remove the 2 lower rear feet from the rear panel of the network analyzer Keep the screws Preparing the Test Head 3 At the rear of the test head use a Torx T15 screwdriver and the 0515 2317 screws to mount the N4373 25261 bracket adapters on the left and right Mount the Test Head and the network analyzer 4 Put the network analyzer on its top upside down on a wor...

Page 29: ...ount the N4373 25280 and N4373 25281 rear brackets on both the left and right 7 At the rear of the network analyzer use the Torx T20 screwdriver and the screws from Step 2 to attach the rear brackets on both the left and right 8 At the rear of the rear brackets on the left and right use a Pozidrive size 2 screwdriver to mount the 0403 1166 adjustable feet 9 Use the 13mm wrench to adjust the height...

Page 30: ... at the side use the Torx T20 screwdriver and the 0515 1269 screws to mount the 83427 21264 side bars on both the left and right 11 On the side bars press on the 83427 40062 trim side bars on both the left and right 12 Turn the combined instruments the right way up and proceed with the instructions on the next page ...

Page 31: ... if applicable Port 4 for options 4x1 4x2 4x9 if applicable pull the cable guard out from the front panel b Use the 8 mm torque wrench from the calibration kit 0 90 N m 8 lb in part number 8710 1765 to remove the top two rigid cables from the connectors CAUTION The network analyzer and Lightwave Component Analyzer module are assembled as one analyzer unit Lifting this instrument requires two peopl...

Page 32: ...ntal position and reattach the cable guard NOTE For information on handling gaging or cleaning RF connectors please refer to the User s and Service Guide Keysight Technologies N4697E F 1 85 mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports available on the Keysight website For further information on the Adapter please refer to the User s and Service Guide Keysight Technologies 85130H Rugged 1 85 mm to 1 85 mm Ada...

Page 33: ...er or from Port 4 of the 4 port network analyzer Remove the dust cover from both ends of the flexible test port cable part number N4697 60200 or 85133 60017 8 Making sure not to turn the female to female adapter and tightening finger tight connect the test port cable to Port B on the optical test set and to Port 2 on the 2 port network analyzer or to Port 4 on the 4 port network analyzer NOTE For ...

Page 34: ...k analyzer 11 Remove the dust cap from the Optical Output 12 Remove the dust cap from the optical patchcord 13 Connect the optical patchcord 14 Repeat step 11 to step 13 for the optical input CAUTION If you are using a patchcord with a straight and angled connectors make sure you only connect the angled connector green to the optical test set CAUTION Always use patchcords to connect to your DUT Th...

Page 35: ...make sure you connect the angled connector to the optical test set Connecting to the optical test set with a straight connector will damage it CAUTION Before you connect any fiber optic cable to the Lightwave Component Analyzer please ensure it has been properly cleaned Fiber optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories When you use improper cleanin...

Page 36: ...s We recommend you use the patchcords supplied to minimize the number of straight connections Using the patchcords also keeps service costs down as the adaptor patchcord can be exchanged easily CAUTION Always use patchcords to connect to your DUT This protects the connectors of the optical test set by minimizing the number of connector changes CAUTION The contact connector on the optical test set ...

Page 37: ... green LED on the front panel of the module is lit If the Laser output is off the green LED on the front panel of the module is unlit Starting the LCA 1 If it is not already running start the LCA server by pressing or by clicking the LCA server icon on the desktop If the LCA server is running but the function keys are not displayed press the Macro Local Utility key until they appear 2 Press You ca...

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Page 39: ...e Optical Connections and Optical CW Operation 42 Verifying the Electrical Connection and Electro optical Operation 45 This chapter shows how to Verify the optical and electrical connections to the N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer Verify the performance of your N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer Trouble shoot if you think there may be a malfunction Perform an acceptance test ...

Page 40: ...ng electrical connections For more information on handling using and maintaining the flexible test port cables please refer to the User s and Service Guide Keysight Technologies N4697E F 1 85 mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports available on the Keysight website Network analyzer settings and electrical calibration 1 On the network analyzer make the following settings depending on your network analyze...

Page 41: ...electrical calibration as described in Electrical calibration for single ended measurements on page 85 We recommend you use Electronic Calibration Modules for calibrating the Network Analyzer For more information on handling using and maintaining Electronic Calibration Modules please refer to the Reference Guide Keysight Technologies Electronic Calibration Modules available on the Keysight website...

Page 42: ...ility button until you see 4 Click to start the LCA measurement setup 5 Select the EE Measurement tab 6 Click 7 Make a corrected measurement with the network analyzer 8 Inspect the results Electrical return loss S11 should be similar to S22 Both curves should be below 20dB over the full measurement range with only low frequency dependence on applied modulation frequency Transmission loss S12 shoul...

Page 43: ...efer to User s and Service Guide Keysight Technologies N4697E F 1 85 mm or 85133E F 2 4mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports for inspection and cleaning Make sure the connection to the network analyzer of the two N4697 60200 1 85 mm or 85133E F 2 4mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports supplied is tight Perform a new electrical calibration and retest If the problem persists contact Keysight for support ...

Page 44: ...ect the two straight angled optical patchcords N4373B 87907 to the optical output and input 1 7 dBm or input 2 17 dBm Use the FC PC adapter 1005 0256 to connect the straight ends of the optical patchcords together If you have option 022 Making sure the angled connector connects to the optical test set connect the angled angled optical patchcords N4373B 87906 to the optical output and input 1 7 dBm...

Page 45: ...r 1 dBm 7 Click then to set the output power 8 Press to start optical power meter application 9 Read the optical power from the power meter application The readout must be 4 dBm 0 5dB 10 Press the Macro Local utility button until you see 11 Press to start the LCA measurement setup 12 Select the OO measurement tab 13 Set the following parameters If you have option 102 Dual wavelength 1310nm 1550nm ...

Page 46: ...results differ from the expected Try cleaning the optical connections as described in Cleaning on page 108 Switch the laser off and inspect all optical connectors with a microscope If the connectors on the N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer seem to be damaged contact Keysight for repair If the connectors on the patchcord seem to be damaged contact Keysight for replacements With an external optica...

Page 47: ...ects to the optical test set connect the two straight angled optical patchcords N4373B 87907 to the optical output and input 1 7 dBm or input 2 17 dBm Use the FC PC adapter 1005 0256 to connect the straight ends of the optical patchcords together If you have option 022 Making sure the angled connector connects to the optical test set connect the angled angled optical patchcords N4373B 87906 to the...

Page 48: ...l wavelength 1310nm 1550nm set Wavelength to the value at which you are testing your DUTs 1310nm or 1550nm Laser power 4 dBm Optical input input1 7 dBm max or input 2 17 dBm max User Calibration None Forward RF Power 1 dBm 9 Click then 10 Right click the measurement trace and select Autoscale All in the context menu At the end of the measurement there should be a flat trace ...

Page 49: ...deal trace might look like this Though please note that this trace is also within specifications If there are problems with the electrical calibration of the network analyzer particularly if the wrong calibration planes have been used the trace may look like this with high frequency ripples ...

Page 50: ...ectors on the N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer and the Flexible Cables for Test Ports Refer to User s and Service Guide Keysight Technologies N4697E F 1 85 mm or 85133E F 2 4mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports for inspection and cleaning Make sure the connection to the network analyzer of the two 1 85 mm N4697 60200 2 4mm 85133 60017 Flexible Cables for Test Ports are tight Perform a new electric...

Page 51: ...eral Measurement Techniques and Considerations 50 Signal Relationships in Opto electric Devices 54 Single Ended Measurements 58 Differential Measurements applies to 4 port PNA only 59 Calibration Concept 62 Triggering Concepts 64 Measuring at Different Wavelengths and with the External Optical Source Input 65 ...

Page 52: ...onent under test and a very accurate optical or electrical receiver measures the transmitted signal Since characterization over a range of modulation frequencies is required the frequency of modulation is normally swept over the bandwidth of interest Measurements are typically comprised of the appropriate ratio of microwave modulation current or power and lightwave modulation power Pmod Optical Mo...

Page 53: ...Block Diagram Figure 1 demonstrates the basic concepts of lightwave component analysis An analysis of how various signals are used in the measurement process is found in Signal Relationships in Opto electric Devices on page 54 LW Source LW Receiver OO EE E O O E Display DUT Amp RF OO EO OE or EE ...

Page 54: ...nd output optical modulation power Slope responsivity is used to describe how a change in input current produces a change in optical power Graphically this is shown in the figure below An LCA measures input modulating current and output modulation power and displays the ratio of the two in Watts Amp either linearly or in decibels Pout mW Iin mA Responsivity Rs W A Pout Iin Rs dB 20log10 Rs W A W A...

Page 55: ... optical modulation power and output modulation current and displays the ratio of the two in Amps Watt OO measurements Characteristics of purely optical devices can also be measured In this case both the stimulus and response are modulated light The ratio measurement is simply one of gain or loss versus modulation frequency As the lightwave component analyzer is able to measure amplitude and phase...

Page 56: ...erizing devices in the lightwave domain This is intended to show the basis on which EO and OE responsivity measurements are defined The figure below is a general representation of a lightwave system showing input and output signals in terms of terminal voltages input and output currents and optical modulation power S parameters are used to describe the transmitted and reflected signal flow within ...

Page 57: ...he overall system gain is defined as an S parameter the individual transfer functions of the EO and OE devices are typically defined in terms of responsivities because signals in both the optical and electrical domain are used and optical signals do not lend themselves conveniently to S parameter definitions Initially the input impedance of the EO converter and the output impedance of the OE conve...

Page 58: ...ies Rs and Rr It is convenient to express the transducer functions logarithmically in decibels The system power gain from a Z0 source to a Z0 load can be defined using the above relationships S21 b2 a1 I2 I1 Rr P P Rs Rs Rr a1 2 Power incident on the E O converter Power delivered to a S21 2 b2 2 a1 2 Rs Rr 2 System power gain 20log10 S21 System gain in dB 20log10 Rs Rr ...

Page 59: ...sponsivities can now be expressed individually in decibels This now allows us to express the original equations for responsivity in logarithmic terms Responsivity measurements are now based on the LCA s ability to accurately measure optical modulation power DP0 and modulation current DI1 2 The measurement of modulation current is derived from the system characteristic impedance and a measurement o...

Page 60: ...urements Single port measurements are made on devices when the signal on the electrical port is referenced to ground This port is described by S parameters Figure 2 Single ended EO left and OE measurement setups Electrical connections shown in blue optical connections in yellow DUT in out DUT in out ...

Page 61: ...measurements please consult the network analyzers user s guide For differential device measurements the LCA assumes fixed port configuration The physical ports 1 and 4 on the network analyzer connect to the LCA test set The physical ports 2 and 3 on the network analyzer connect to the differential electrical ports of the DUT Figure 3 shows the physical setup for EO measurement and OE measurement r...

Page 62: ... 2 and 3 see Figure 4 Figure 4 Logical Port Mapping for OE measurement For OE measurements the LCA sets up traces for S22 S21 S33 S31 by default Differential EO measurements For EO measurement the single ended SE logical port 1 is assigned to physical port 4 and the balanced BAL logical port 2 is assigned to physical ports 2 and 3 see Figure 5 Figure 5 Logical Port Mapping for EO measurement For E...

Page 63: ...ode Response Common Mode Response Single Ended Response Port 2 Port 2 Port 1 unbalanced SE Port 2 balanced BAL Differential mode Common mode Single ended Balanced OE Balanced EO 22 22 21 22 22 21 12 12 11 CC CD CS DC DD DS SC SD SS S S S S S S S S S Differen tial mode Stimulus Single Ended Stimulus Common mode Stimulus Port 2 Port 1 Port 2 Port 1 Differential Mode Response Common Mode Response Sin...

Page 64: ...or Port 4 of a 4 port network analyzer This establishes the electrical calibration reference planes for the measurements Whenever there are additional electrical adapters or elements required for connecting the device under test these electrical paths can be accounted for by RF path deeembedding see RF Path Deembedding on page 78 The second stage is the calibration of the optical test set This is ...

Page 65: ...to the optical connectors on the front of the optical test set Whenever there are additional optical adapters or elements connecting to the device under test these optical paths can be accounted for by optical path deeembedding see Optical Path Deembedding on page 77 The systematic responses of these two stages of calibration can then be deembedded yielding the response of the device under test DU...

Page 66: ... a DC power level equal to the selected optical output power of the LCA When the internal light source is not used EO measurement in Default mode the receiver deembedding is setup for a DC power level of 0 0 dBm During measurements started using the LCAsoftware the network analyzer does not respond to any keystrokes on the keypad The only way to stop a measurement during a sweep is to press the Ab...

Page 67: ...orrection values between the closest internal wavelength and the wavelength you select it is important that you measure the Rx responsivity for every internal wavelength and your additional wavelengths The file LCA_RxCorr csv is located in the directory C Program Files Keysight LCA Table SN where SN is the serial number of the optical test set We do not recommend to change the values in the LCA_Tx...

Page 68: ...measurements are applied to the transmitter side using the wavelength correction data in the file LCA_TxCorr csv The LCA expects the power value in the Power box to be the optical power at the Optical Output of the LCA test head To set the right power value if you are using an external source 1 Use a short patchcord to connect the Optical Output to the Optical Input 2 Switch to the Tools tab of th...

Page 69: ...Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 67 5 User Interface Reference The LCA Function Keys 68 Default and Advanced Measurement Parameters 70 The Measurement Parameters 74 Tools 80 Saving and Loading Setups 71 ...

Page 70: ...nt is running stops this measurement and starts a new single sweep measurement Perform continuous measurement sweeps with the current measurement setup Pressing this function key during a single or continuous measurement stops the measurement Start the optical power monitor This uses the current measurement setup to determine the wavelength and the optical input for which the average optical power...

Page 71: ... sweep This achieves the highest accuracy in EO and OO measurements If you do not need this accuracy you can also start the DUT measurements with the network analyzer s trigger functions In some cases it can become difficult to abort continuous measurements by pressing the Continuous or Single button since the network analyzer does not react to the keypad during measurements If the Sweeping window...

Page 72: ... parameters for EO OE and OO measurements of devices with a simple stimulus and response path This includes devices like sources receivers or amplifiers Use the advanced parameters for more comprehensive control of your measurements For example to use the optical output as the DC light source to an optical modulator as part of an EO measurement ...

Page 73: ...rements you are asked to specify the electrical calibration set to be saved with the setup This is the electrical calibration set to be used during user calibration measurements Only a link to the electrical calibration set is saved not the calibration data itself For more details see Measuring Opto Electrical OE Devices on page 89 or Measuring Optical Optical OO Devices on page 101 If User Calibr...

Page 74: ...A setup The name of the electrical calibration set just used for this user calibration measurement will be saved in the LCA setup Before the LCA saves the setup it asks you whether you want to save the network analyzer state with your LCA setup Loading setups Click to retrieve an existing setup After loading a setup with user calibration mode set to Measure the electrical calibration set specified...

Page 75: ...er Interface Reference Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 73 For more details see Measuring Opto Electrical OE Devices on page 89 or Measuring Optical Optical OO Devices on page 101 ...

Page 76: ...utput for this measurement Whether the differential signal is the input to the DUT or the output from the DUT this uses ports 2 and 3 of a four port network analyzer Single Ended If you select this mode the LCA uses a single ended electrical input or output for this measurement The electrical input to the DUT is Port A of the optical test set The electrical output from the DUT is port B of the opt...

Page 77: ...he laser source on for the following LCA measurement Deselect to turn the laser source off for the following LCA measurement External Input This control which overrides the default behavior of the Lightwave Component Analyzer is only enabled in Advanced mode The External Input is an optional extra for the Lightwave Component Analyzer Select to use a laser source connected to the external input on ...

Page 78: ...st measurement after the measurement parameters have been set This is sufficient for most measurements unless the tester is subject to large changes in environmental conditions Select EverySweep to optimize at the start of every measurement sweep This increases accuracy but also increases measurement times This is the default modulator bias optimization mode and is used to calibrate and verify the...

Page 79: ...ion Length m and Refractive Index can only be used together That is you cannot give a value just for the refractive index or just the length The value for the Refractive Index of a single mode fiber is typically 1 467 at 1310 nm and 1 468 at 1550 nm The value for the Refractive Index of a graded index multi mode fiber is 1 49 for 62 5µm at 850nm 1 475 for 50µm at 850nm and 1 465 for 50µm at 1300nm...

Page 80: ... Port A and Rcv 1 corresponds to the path to Port B For Differential measurements applies to 4 port PNA only Src 1 corresponds to the path to Port 2 on the PNA Src 2 corresponds to the path to Port 3 on the PNA Rcv 1 corresponds to the path to Port 2 on the PNA Rcv 2 corresponds to the path to Port 3 on the PNA The results need to be in the form of a 2 port S parameter data file also known as Touc...

Page 81: ...User Interface Reference Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 79 To assign a file 1 Click 2 Locate and select the file in the explorer window ...

Page 82: ...selected on the other tabs Laser Source Source Wavelength nm Set the wavelength of the laser source Power dBm Set the optical output power of the laser source Laser On Select to turn the laser source on Deselect to turn the laser source off External Input The External Input is an optional extra for the Lightwave Component Analyzer Select to use a laser source connected to the External Input on the...

Page 83: ...source port For balanced measurements on 4 port network analyzers Ports 2 and 3 of the network analyzer are forward for EO measurements and reverse for OE measurements Increasing the forward RF power for OE measurements increases the optical modulation amplitude Reverse RF Power dBm Sets the RF power level for the receiver port We recommend the factory calibrated default value for the best results...

Page 84: ...User Interface Reference 82 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 85: ...rements Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer 84 Calibrating the Network Analyzer before Measurements85 Measuring Opto Electrical OE Devices 89 Measuring Electro Optical EO Devices 96 Returning to Electrical Measurements 100 Measuring Optical Optical OO Devices 101 Measuring Optical Power 106 ...

Page 86: ...l temperature Please refer to Measurement conditions on page 144 for information on settling 3 If it does not start automatically click on the icon on the desktop to start the network analyzer application 4 If it is not already running start the LCA server by pressing or by clicking the LCA server icon on the desktop See The LCA Function Keys on page 68 for information on displaying the LCA functi...

Page 87: ...eters Keep the following points in mind during network analyzer electrical calibration To get the best S N ratio for your measurements use highest RF power your network analyzer can output without showing a source unlevelled error In many case this is more then the maximum specified output power of the network analyzer Decreasing the IF bandwidth improves the S N ratio of the measurement However d...

Page 88: ...the calibration file Electrical Calibration for Differential OE Measurements To ensure the specified performance of the LCA you should perform a full three port electrical calibration We recommend you use the appropriate electrical RF calibration kit See the Keysight website for available calibration kits Calibrate before you start using the Lightwave Component Analyzer or return to EE measurement...

Page 89: ...and click Next 8 When using the 2 port ECal module connect the ECal Module to Port 1 and the RF Cables to NWA ports 3 and 2 respectively 9 Follow the instructions by the ECal Wizard Click Measure 10 Repeat for other RF cable 11 When the calibration finishes save the calibration file for later reuse Electrical Calibration for Differential EO Measurements 1 Set your measurement parameters 2 From the...

Page 90: ... picture And select the appropriate Cal Kit for each port or ECal Thru as Unknown 7 Make sure Do Orientation is selected and click Next 8 When using the 2 port ECal module connect the ECal Module to Port B and the RF Cables to NWA ports 3 and 2 respectively 9 Follow the instructions by the ECal Wizard Click Measure 10 Repeat for other RF cable 11 When the calibration finishes save the calibration ...

Page 91: ...nded SE logical port 1 is assigned to physical port 1 and the balanced BAL logical port 2 is assigned to the physical ports 2 and 3 For OE measurements the LCA sets up traces for S22 S21 S33 S31 by default For more information see Differential Measurements applies to 4 port PNA only on page 59 Before you make your first opto electrical measurement you must initialise the OE measurement You can see...

Page 92: ...r emitted from the LCA optical output port Use an external power meter or the LCA power meter 6 If you are running measurements in an unstable environment or need extra accuracy or long term stability make sure to select EverySweep or Continuous for Modulator Optimization Please note optimizing every sweep adds about 1 second to each measurement Continuous modulator bias optimization uses a 10 KHz...

Page 93: ...n on page 75 if you are not using Continuous modulator bias optimization The system is calibrated with a default setting You can determine the default setting by going to the tools page choosing Default and pressing Run 7 If you have optical components such as attenuators fiber optic cables or splitters between the laser output and your device under test open and enable the Optical Path Deembeddin...

Page 94: ...e For accurate measurements you can also include the optical path in the test circuit without the DUT and select Measure or Load for User Calibration 8 If you have electrical components such as RF cables waveguide or other adapters or probe heads between the device under test and the input port open and enable the RF Path Deembedding Enter or select the file 9 Decide what sort of User Calibration ...

Page 95: ...asure If you want to reuse an existing saved calibration select Load and select the file from the Windows Explorer window 10 Click to start the measurement preparation If you are performing a user calibration when the following screen is displayed make sure the optical output is connected to the optical input using the patchcord supplied The patchcord has the following part number Single mode angl...

Page 96: ...tings is selected if you also want to save the complete LCA setup See Saving and Loading Setups on page 71 for more information about LCA setups If you will have no need to reuse or refer to this calibration data click Making single ended OE measurements 1 Connect your device under test 2 When the message is displayed click or to start the measurement 3 To make further measurements with these sett...

Page 97: ...s applies to 4 port PNA only 1 Connect your device under test 2 When the message is displayed click or to start the measurement 3 To make further measurements with these settings press or to start the measurement For information on further parameters please refer to User Interface Reference on page 67 DUT out in out ...

Page 98: ...on page 87 For EO measurement the single ended SE logical port 1 is assigned to physical port 4 and the balanced BAL logical port 2 is assigned to physical ports 2 and 3 For EO measurements the LCA sets up traces for S22 S42 S33 S43 by default For more information see Differential Measurements applies to 4 port PNA only on page 59 Before you make your first electro optical measurement you must ini...

Page 99: ...ingle Ended Measure Mode depending on the type of your DUT 4 Select or enter the wavelength at which you are testing 5 Select the optical input you are using 6 If you have optical components such as attenuators fiber optic cables or splitters between your device under test and the optical input open and enable Optical Path Deembedding Here you can enter the parameters for the optical path directly...

Page 100: ...ve a s2p file for Deembedding Data select File and enter or select the file 7 If you have electrical components such as RF cables waveguide or other adapters or probe heads between the output port and your device under test open and enable the RF Path Deembedding Enter or select the file 8 Click to start the measurement preparation ...

Page 101: ... to start the measurement For information on further parameters please refer to User Interface Reference on page 67 Making differential EO measurements applies to 4 port PNA only 1 Connect your device under test 2 When the message is displayed click or to start the measurement 3 To make further measurements with these settings press or to start the measurement For information on further parameters...

Page 102: ...fore you measure purely electrical devices with the network analyzer you need to initialize EE measurements Initializing the EE Measurement as described here removes all the fixturing information in the network analyzer that is specific to the optical test set 1 Press 2 Make sure the EE Measurement tab is selected 3 Click ...

Page 103: ...nts see Electrical calibration for single ended measurements on page 85 Before you make your first opto electrical measurement you must initialise the OO measurement You can see which measurement is currently initialised at the top left of the trace screen If you have already initialised the OO measurement you can connect your device under test and make the measurement by pressing or Please refer ...

Page 104: ...sure to select EverySweep or Continuous for Modulator Optimization Please note optimizing every sweep adds about 1 second to each measurement Continuous optimization uses a pilot tone Measuring with or without the pilot tone may affect your measurement We also recommend if you are using continuous optimization that you also perform a User Calibration The system is calibrated with a default setting...

Page 105: ...tainty specified but particularly for improved results at lower frequencies we recommend an extra calibration In this case for User Calibration select Measure If you want to reuse and existing saved calibration for User Calibration select Load and select the file from the Windows Explorer window 9 Click to start the measurement preparation If you are calibrating when the following screen is displa...

Page 106: ...returns to the original electrical calibration for the DUT measurements The currently used calibration is preselected b Select Reduce IFBW for user calibration measurement to reduce noise on the user calibration data The default bandwidth reduction factor is set in the file LCAConfig xml c Click to proceed d When asked whether you want to save the data If you can use this calibration data again cl...

Page 107: ...asurements 1 Connect your device under test 2 When the message is displayed click or to start the measurement 3 To make further measurements with these settings press or to start the measurement For information on further parameters please refer to User Interface Reference on page 67 DUT in out ...

Page 108: ...s the most recent measurement setup where this was specified or the input specified on the Tools tab For example if you want to measure the optical power on the high power optical input or at a different wavelength but your last OO measurement used Input 1 you need to 1 Press 2 On the Tools tab in Receiver for Optical Input select Input 2 3 On the Tools tab in Receiver specify the receiver wavelen...

Page 109: ...nance Cleaning 108 Replacing the Fuse 123 This system should be serviced only by authorized personnel Using controls or adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in the documentation supplied with your equipment can result in hazardous radiation exposure WARNING ...

Page 110: ...trument covers when operating Ensure that the instrument is switched off throughout the cleaning procedures Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified may result in hazardous radiation exposure Make sure that you disable all sources when you are cleaning any optical interfaces Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical device attached to opti...

Page 111: ... cleaning recommendations you will discover that they contain several inconsistencies We want to suggest ways to help you clean your various optical devices and thus significantly improve the accuracy and repeatability of your lightwave measurements What do I need for proper cleaning Standard cleaning equipment Before you can start your cleaning procedure you need the following standard equipment ...

Page 112: ...gs Acetone for example will dissolve the epoxy used with fiber optic connectors To avoid damage only use isopropyl alcohol Cotton swabs We recommend that you use swabs such as Q tips or other cotton swabs normally available from local distributors of medical and hygiene products for example a supermarket or a chemist s shop You may be able to obtain various sizes of swab If this is the case select...

Page 113: ...o select for cleaning purposes has soft bristles which will not produces scratches The best way to use a pipe cleaner is to push it in and out of the device opening for example when cleaning an interface While you are cleaning you should slowly rotate the pipe cleaner Only use pipe cleaners on connector interfaces or on feedthrough adapters Do not use them on optical head adapters as the center of...

Page 114: ...ication range about 50X up to 300X A microscope can be found in most photography stores or can be obtained through or specialist mail order companies Special fiber scopes are available from suppliers of splicing equipment Ideally the light source on your microscope should be very flexible This will allow you to examine your device closely and from different angles A microscope helps you to estimat...

Page 115: ...ng please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor Premoistened cleaning wipes Use pre moistened cleaning wipes as described in each individual cleaning procedure Cleaning wipes may be used in every instance where a moistened soft tissue or cotton swab is applied Lens cleaning papers Some special lens cleaning papers are not suitable for cleaning optical devices like connectors interface...

Page 116: ...he fiber as any dust in the cap can scratch or dirty your fiber surface When you have finished cleaning put the dust cap back on or close the shutter cap if the equipment is not going to be used immediately Always keep the caps on the equipment when it is not in use All Keysight Technologies lightwave instruments and accessories are shipped with either laser shutter caps or dust caps If you need a...

Page 117: ...y large particles Clean the device with a dry cotton swab Use compressed air to blow away any remaining filament left by the swab Heavy dirt If the above procedure is not enough to clean your instrument follow one of the procedures below If you are unsure of how sensitive your device is to cleaning please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor Do not open the instruments as there is a ...

Page 118: ...ed light beam you can use an infrared sensor card Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the output of the connector The invisible emitted light is projected onto the card and becomes visible as a small circular spot Preferred procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions 1 Clean the connector by rubbing a new dry cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement 2 Blow away an...

Page 119: ...dry pipe cleaner into the opening Rotate the pipe cleaner slowly as you do this 2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air Procedure for stubborn dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the interface 1 Moisten a new pipe cleaner with isopropyl alcohol 2 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling the pipe cleaner into the opening Rotate the pipe cleaner slowly as you do this 3 ...

Page 120: ... liquid and mechanical abrasion Take extra care when cleaning lenses with these coatings Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed Therefore use as little alcohol as possible as it can get between the lenses and in doing so can change the properties of projection Preferred procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions 1 Clean the lens by rubbing a new dry cotto...

Page 121: ...ment at all times except when your optical device is in use If you do discover filaments or particles the only way to clean a fixed connector interface and the input of the optical block is to use compressed air If there are fluids or oil in the connector please refer the instrument to the skilled personnel of the Keysight service team How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface Rem...

Page 122: ...pressed air Procedure for stubborn dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the interface 1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol 2 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement 3 Take a new dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol dissolved sediment and dust by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement 4 ...

Page 123: ...ar movement 3 Take a new dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol dissolved sediment and dust by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure Some optical devices such as Reference Reflectors are very sensitive to mechanical stress or pressure Do no...

Page 124: ...d with compressed air If there are any streaks or drying stains on the surface repeat the cleaning procedure How to clean bare fiber ends Bare fiber ends are often used for splices or together with other optical components to create a parallel beam The end of a fiber can often be scratched You make a new cleave To do this 1 Strip off the cladding 2 Take a new soft tissue and moisten it with isopro...

Page 125: ...the fuse holder from underneath 1 2 Pull the fuse holder and fuse clear of the back panel 3 Take the fuse out of the fuse cap and note the fuse rating 4 Make sure the replacement fuse has the same rating T1A 250V Keysight part number 2110 0007 5 Put the fuse into the fuse holder 6 Put the fuse and fuse cap into the receptacle in the rear of the case and press it into place 1 ...

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Page 127: ...e Operation of the Lightwave Component Analyzer 126 Event Log 127 This system should be serviced only by authorized personnel Using controls or adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in the documentation supplied with your equipment can result in hazardous radiation exposure WARNING ...

Page 128: ... as described in the network analyzer user guide and online help 2 Power down both the network analyzer and the optical test set 3 Start the equipment and perform an electrical calibration of the network analyzer as described in Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer on page 84 4 Perform the performance verification as described in Performance Quick Check on page 37 ...

Page 129: ...n find this log in the bin subdirectory of the directory where the LCA program is installed If you want to refer to the log save a copy of it before you restart the LCA server The log file is cleared each time the LCA server is restarted If you have a problem with the LCA you can also send the event log file to your Keysight contact person to speed up diagnosis ...

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Page 131: ...einstalling and Updating the Software Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 129 9 Reinstalling and Updating the Software Backing Up your LCA Data 130 Reinstalling the LCA Software 131 ...

Page 132: ...ta are kept in the Table and Information subdirectories of the directory in which the software is installed These two directories are backed up under the LCA directory on the D drive of your network analyzer These directories are not overwritten when performing the network analyzer s system recovery process Please refer to the user documentation of the network analyzer for information on backing u...

Page 133: ... screen We recommend you use the default settings Reinstalling the LCA software Pre installing the framework and drivers Before reconnecting the optical test set to the network analyzer that is with the USB cable disconnected or before powering up the optical test set you need to pre install the USB drivers 4 On the CD ROM supplied with the LCA in the directory Reinstallation USB Driver start the ...

Page 134: ...led 3 The registry script in the next step installs LCA related functions in the first 5 positions of the network analyzers macro setup Existing macros will be overwritten To prevent this make sure that the first five positions are empty You can do this in the network analyzers macro setup dialog System Macro Macro Setup In this dialog move down all existing macros so that the first five positions...

Page 135: ... the Software Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 133 1 Run the network analyzer 2 Double click on the LCA Server shortcut on the Desktop of the network analyzer Or start the LCA server by pressing 3 Press ...

Page 136: ......

Page 137: ...Definition of Terms Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 135 10 Definition of Terms Definition of Terms 136 ...

Page 138: ...al output Average output power range optical The nominal selectable range for Average output power optical Average output power stability optical The variation of the optical Average output power optical P over time calculated as where maxt and mint are the maximum and minimum value over time t Conditions Time period as specified after modulator auto bias modulator optimization is performed with t...

Page 139: ...ween measured average over time optical power and true average optical power at the LCA optical input Measurement Comparison with an average power meter with averaging time set to 1 s Average power measurement range optical The range for the average optical power where the specification for Average power measurement uncertainty optical applies Decibel dBm dBo dBe A ratio in decibel dB is calculate...

Page 140: ...ed measurements of the absolute frequency response under constant conditions the repeatability Rep at each modulation frequency is defined as twice the standard deviation StDevi of the measured responsivities Ri over the repetitions i Conditions fixed cables and unchanged connections Other conditions as specified Measurement using a stable DUT 10log10 R 1A W 2 20log10 R 1A W NOTE Differences of re...

Page 141: ...which the system specifications apply Conditions as specified Maximum safe average input power optical Maximum optical power that can be applied to the LCA optical input without permanent change of the LCA s characteristics Minimum measurable frequency response noise floor The average of the Responsivity measured by the LCA on a DUT with zero output expressed in Decibel dBm dBo dBe The value is ca...

Page 142: ... receiver is designed to supply give measurement results OMI optical modulation index Specifies the Modulated optical power divided by Average output power optical Condition modulation frequency as specified NOTE Responsivity values are converted from Decibel dBm dBo dBe values to linear values by linear 10decibel 20 The average is converted back to decibels by decibel 20 log10 linear Popt t t Pmo...

Page 143: ...ty specifies the maximum deviation between measured and actual phase difference Measurement Based on a reference RF O E receiver Relative frequency response uncertainty When taking the difference between measured Responsivity of a device under test and actual true responsivity in dBe over modulation frequency the system relative frequency response uncertainty is half the peak to peak difference Co...

Page 144: ...lated optical power in Watt expressed in A W In both cases responsivity in Decibel dBm dBo dBe dBW A or dBA W is calculated as 20 log R O O measurement R is the difference between the Modulated optical power in dBm at the DUT output and at the DUT input expressed in dBo If expressed in dBe it is twice this number References 1 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement GUM BIPM IEC ISO e...

Page 145: ...Specifications Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 143 11 Specifications Definitions 144 Transmitter and Receiver Specifications 146 General Characteristics 155 ...

Page 146: ...m a representative set of instruments General characteristics Give additional information for using the instrument These are general descriptive terms that do not imply a level of performance Specifications require an angled connector at the source output and at optical input ports 1 and 2 of the optical receiver Angled contact connectors help you to control return loss The contact connector on yo...

Page 147: ...ization set to every sweep Using the supplied flexible test port cables 1 85 mm f m Part number N4697 60200 for NA options x7z and 2 4 mm f m Part number 85133 60017 for NA options x4z and x5z Measurement frequency grid equals electrical calibration grid Tested from Port 1 to Port 2 respectively from Port 1 to Port 4 for 4 port PNA DUT signal delay 0 1 IF BW Specified temperature range 20 C to 26 ...

Page 148: ...Specifications 146 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide Transmitter and Receiver Specifications ...

Page 149: ...Specifications Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 147 ...

Page 150: ...Specifications 148 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide Specifications for Electrical to Optical Measurements at 1310 nm E O Mode ...

Page 151: ...Specifications Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 149 Specifications for Electrical to Optical Measurements at 1550 nm E O Mode ...

Page 152: ...Specifications 150 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide Specifications for Optical to Electrical Measurements at 1310 nm O E Mode ...

Page 153: ...Specifications Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 151 Specifications for Optical to Electrical Measurements at 1550 nm O E Mode ...

Page 154: ...Specifications 152 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1310 nm O O Mode ...

Page 155: ...Specifications Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 153 Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1550 nm O O Mode ...

Page 156: ...Specifications 154 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide Specifications for Electrical Electrical Measurements E E Mode Group delay uncertainty ...

Page 157: ...Specifications Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 155 General Characteristics ...

Page 158: ...Specifications 156 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 159: ...Specifications Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 157 Mechanical Outline Drawings options 2x0 2x1 2x2 and 2x9 dimensions in mm ...

Page 160: ...Specifications 158 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide Mechanical Outline Drawings options 4x0 4x1 4x2 and 4x9 dimensions in mm ...

Page 161: ...gulatory and Warranty Information Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 159 12 Regulatory and Warranty Information Regulatory Information 160 Declaration of Conformity 161 Warranty 162 ...

Page 162: ... Regulatory Information Compliance with Canadian EMC Requirements This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES 001 Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB 001 du Canada Table 1 Notice for Germany Noise Declaration Acoustic Noise Emission LpA 50 dB Operator position Normal operation per ISO 7779 ...

Page 163: ...Regulatory and Warranty Information Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 161 Declaration of Conformity ...

Page 164: ...range of additional expert test and measurement services for your equipment including initial start up assistance onsite education and training as well as design system integration and project management Our repair and calibration services will get your equipment back to you performing like new when promised You will get full value out of your Keysight equipment throughout its lifetime Your equipm...

Page 165: ...test equipment solutions with confidence www keysight com find keysightdirect Keysight Open Keysight Open simplifies the process of connecting and programming test systems to help engineers design validate and manufacture electronic products Keysight offers open connectivity for a broad range of systemready instruments open industry software PC standard I O and global support which are combined to...

Page 166: ...4433 Canada tel 877 894 4414 fax 800 746 4866 China tel 800 810 0189 fax 800 820 2816 Europe tel 31 20 547 2111 Japan tel 81 426 56 7832 fax 81 426 56 7840 Korea tel 080 769 0800 fax 080 769 0900 Latin America tel 305 269 7500 Taiwan tel 0800 047 866 fax 0800 286 331 Other Asia Pacific Countries tel 65 6375 8100 fax 65 6755 0042 Email tm_ap keysight com ...

Page 167: ...ht com find osa Electro optical converters www keysight com find ref Optical test instruments accessories www keysight com find octaccessories Firmware and driver download www keysight com find octfirmware Keysight photonic discussion forum www keysight com find photonic_forum For Network analyzer related literature please visit Keysight Network Analyzers www keysight com find na Mechanical and El...

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Page 169: ...Ordering Information Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide 167 13 Ordering Information ...

Page 170: ...Ordering Information 168 Keysight N4373D Lightwave Component Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 171: ... 901 Australia New Zealand 8120 4419 8164B 902 Continental Europe 8120 1689 8164B 903 United States 120 V 8120 1378 8164B 906 Switzerland 8120 2104 8164B 912 Denmark 8120 3997 8164B 917 Republic of South Africa and India 8120 4211 8164B 918 Japan 8120 4753 8164B 919 Israel 8120 5182 8164B 922 China 8120 8376 8164B 927 Brazil and Thailand 8120 8871 ...

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Page 173: ...dapters cleaning 117 frequency dependent interference 34 front panel 16 19 function keys 18 21 68 fuse 22 replacing 123 G ground see protective earth I input 1 75 81 input 2 75 81 installing 29 in cabinet 11 power switch 11 reinstalling 131 instruction manual symbol 10 instrument housing cleaning 115 interference frequency dependent 34 L laser enabling and disabling 35 on 75 80 radiation symbol 10...

Page 174: ...bedding 78 RF port see electrical port ripple 34 S s n ratio 85 safety class 10 serviceable parts 10 setting up see installing shipment contents 24 network analyzer 25 smoothing 85 software reinstalling 131 s parameter theory 54 stepped sweep 85 straight connector using 34 sweep setup 85 symbols 10 T test port cable care and maintenance 31 theory of operation 50 Touchstone data file 78 troubleshoo...

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Page 176: ...This information is subject to change without notice Keysight Technologies 2017 Edition 5 0 October 2017 4373D 90A02 4373D 90A02 www keysight com ...

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