Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition, Engineering Manual

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ENGINEERING MANUAL OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDAMENTALS
163
Table 5. Air Quality Regulatory Agencies.
Litigation can result from failure to comply with Federal, State,
or Local laws and regulations, from negligence or failure to comply
with commonly accepted standards under common law, or from
failure to comply with the terms of design, construction or
maintenance contracts, or under the workman’s compensations
laws. Building insurance policies generally exclude pollution
related damages.
Each regulatory agency has its own priorities. The EPA which
is responsible for outdoor air quality sets the highest priority on
source control of these contaminants. Ventilation control is their
second priority and air cleaning the last priority. A traditional
approach to IAQ is to exhaust the contaminated air to the outdoors.
This exhaust is considered a source by EPA, but a solution by
others. The Clean Air Act limits the exhaust of contaminated air
to the outdoors. This is particularly true in the manufacturing sector
but also impacts office buildings and health care facilitates. This
requires recirculation of the air with the use of better particulate
filters, gas phase filters, and possibly ozone generators.
OSHA priorities are directed to industrial facilities and
construction sites. OSHA sets the standards for the toxicity of
over 490 compounds in the work place by establishing:
— The Acceptable Maximum Peak for a short exposure.
— The Acceptable Ceiling Concentration, not to be
exceeded during an 8 hour shift. Others call this Short
Term Exposure Limit STEL.
— The Time Weighted Average, not to exceed in any 8
hour shift of a 40 hour week. Also called the Threshold
Limit Value TLV.
These are maximum safe levels of exposure and are too high to
be of use for IAQ purposes. OSHA is currently promulgating
standards for IAQ.
The CDC and Public Health Departments are primarily
concerned with infectious diseases in healthcare facilities. Their
regulations have a significant impact on HVAC systems for
intensive care units, isolation rooms, and operating rooms in these
facilities.
The American Society of Heating Refrigeration & Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) created design Standard
62-1989, Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ. This was adopted by
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and has been
incorporated into several state building codes. Even where
62-1989 has not been adopted into code it exerts a powerful
influence because it establishes a standard which can be used
in litigation. One of the key elements of this standard is
documentation of design criteria for operations people.
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) has published a list which includes additional
substances, and a value for IDLH or Immediately Dangerous
to Life and Health
.
National model building code agencies such as Building Owners
and Code Administrators (BOCA), the Southern Building Code
Officials (SBC), and the Uniform Building Code (UBC) publish
code standards which become law when adopted by states. These
codes have provisions which govern HVAC systems. The three
agencies have agreed to unify their codes into a single National
Model Code. They have adopted the National Plumbing Code in
1995, the National Mechanical Code in 1996, and are currently
working on the National Building Code.
ACCEPTANCE TESTING
GENERAL
Commissioning is the process designed to ensure that the HVAC
system performs as designed before it is turned over to the owner
and during the life of the building. Commissioning is a necessary
step to acceptable IAQ. Adequate maintenance by trained
personnel with an adequate budget is an essential ingredient in
the solution of IAQ problems. The documentation required by
ASHRAE 62-1989 is a necessary component of an informed
maintenance program.
Agency Federal State Advisory
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
X
Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
X
Occupational Safety & Health Agency (OSHA)
X
Center for Disease Control (CDC)
X
Public Health Department (PHD)
X
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
X
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
X
National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH)
X
Building Owners and Code Administrators (BOCA)
X
Southern Building Code SBC
X
Uniform Building Code (UBC)
X