
12
Theory
Series equivalent circuit
Series Equivalent
Circuit C
s
-R
s
Cs
Cp
=
+
* (
tan
*)
1
2
Rs
Rp
=
+
tan
*
tan
*
2
2
1
* measured values
5.3
The difference between Power Factor
and Dissipation Factor
While “Dissipation Factor”, tan
is used in Europe to describe dielectric losses, the calculation
used in the United States is
“Power Factor”, cos
.
The statistical data that have been collected in North America have been calculated using the loss
factor cos
(Power Factor) to specify the power losses in the insulation. Because the angles are
complimentary it is unimportant whether tan
or cos
is used as with very small values tan
0.5% the difference is negligible. However the conversion formulas are:
2
tan
1
tan
+
=
PF
2
1
tan
PF
PF
−
=
5.4
Relative Permittivity
The linear permittivity of a material is usually given relative to
ε
0
the permittivity of free space
(vacuum permittivity), as a relative permittivity
r
(also called the dielectric constant). In a
anisotropic material, the relative permittivity maybe a tensor, causing birefringence. The actual
permittivity is then calculated by multiplying the relative permittivity by
0
.
0
=
r
to solve equations to
r
the below formula results.
0
=
r
Summary of Contents for 2830
Page 1: ...2830 2831 Precision Liquid and Solid Dielectric Analyzer User Manual 4843477 M Version 3 0 ...
Page 7: ...Introduction VII 17 Conformity 113 18 Notes 114 ...
Page 8: ...VIII Introduction ...
Page 121: ...Conformity 113 17 Conformity ...
Page 122: ...114 Notes 18 Notes ...
Page 123: ...Notes 115 ...