Arbiter Systems 931A, Operation Manual

Page: 36 / 161

QUADRANT
II
QUADRANT
I
QUADRANT
III
QUADRANT
IV
Reactive Power
Delivered
(+VARS)
(inductive load,
synchronous)
Reactive Power
Delivered
(+ VARS)
(inductive load)
Reactive Power
Received
(-VARS)
(capacitive load)
Reactive Power
Received
(-VARS)
(capacitive load,
synchronous)
Active Power Received
(-Watts)
Active Power Delivered
(+Watts)
Active Power Delivered
(+Watts)
Active Power Received
(-Watts)
n Po
e VA
Appar
e t
w r (
)
a en
o
e (V
App
r t
P w
r A
)
App
aren
t o
we
(VA)
P
r
p a
n Po
e VA
A p
re t
w r (
)
Active Power
(Watts)
Received
( - )
Active Power
(Watts)
Delivered
(+)
Reactive Power
(VARS)
Received
(
-
)
Reactive Power
(VARS)
Delivered
( + )
Power Factor
-LAG
Power Factor
+LAG
Power Factor
-LEAD
Power Factor
+LEAD
Figure 3.2: Phase, Power Factor, VAR Quadrants
Phase Convention Quadrant I Quadrant II Quadrant III Quadrant IV
CH2 Lagging CH1
(-) for
±
180
◦
0
◦
to -90
◦
-90
◦
to -180
◦
+180
◦
to +90
◦
+90
◦
to 0
◦
(+) for
±
180
◦
0
◦
to +90
◦
+90
◦
to +180
◦
-180
◦
to -90
◦
-90
◦
to 0
◦
(-) for 0 - 360
◦
360
◦
to 270
◦
270
◦
to 180
◦
180
◦
to 90
◦
90
◦
to 0
◦
(+) for 0 - 360
◦
0
◦
to 90
◦
90
◦
to 180
◦
180
◦
to 270
◦
270
◦
to 360
◦
Table 3.1: Phase Angle Preferences
Phase angle of Channel 2 (current) relative to Channel 1 (voltage)
Lagging Current – An alternating current which, in each half-cycle, reaches
it maximum value a fraction of a cycle later than the maximum value of
the voltage that produces it.
20