App-2
IM DLM3054-01EN
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Multiple Loops
S
0
Start point,
end point
Area S = n×S0
n: The number
of loops
Non-Closed Curve
S
0
Start point
Area S = S
0
Area enclosed by a
curve connecting the
start and end points
End point
Loop Tracing a Figure-Eight
Area S = |S0 – S1|
Loop Tracing a Spiral
Area S = 2 × S0 + S1
The number of overlaps
varies according to the
number of loops.
End point
S
0
S
1
Start point
End point
Start point
S
0
Waveform
S
1
Appendix