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17

Important to Know Before Installation

Speed And Duplex

Mismatched speed and duplex settings are a frequent source of networking problems. The 
basic principle for speed and duplex is simply that network cards at both ends of each cable 
must have identical settings. This principle also applies to the automatic negotiation setting: if 
one end of the cable is set to autonegotiate, the other end must also be set to autonegotiate 
and not to any fixed setting. Gigabit standards require interfaces to use autonegotiation—fixed 
settings are not allowed at gigabit speeds.
Inline interfaces of sensors require additional consideration: since the sensor is a “smart 
cable”, the settings must be matched on both links within each inline interface pair (identical 
settings on all four interfaces) instead of just matching settings at both ends of each cable (two 
+ two interfaces). If one of the links has a lower maximum speed than the other link, the higher-
speed link must be set to use the lower speed.

Illustration 2.2  Speed/Duplex Settings

100/Full

100/Full

Correct Incorrect

100/Full

1000/Full

Содержание stonegate 5.2

Страница 1: ...STONEGATE 5 2 INSTALLATION GUIDE INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM...

Страница 2: ...described in these materials are provided pursuant to the general terms for support and maintenance services and the related service description which can be found at the Stonesoft website www stones...

Страница 3: ...ONFIGURING SENSORS AND ANALYZERS CHAPTER 5 Defining Sensors and Analyzers 31 Getting Started with Defining Sensors and Analyzers 32 Creating Engine Elements 32 Defining System Communication Interfaces...

Страница 4: ...77 Obtaining Installation Files 77 Upgrading or Generating Licenses 78 Upgrading Licenses Under One Proof Code 78 Upgrading Licenses Under Multiple Proof Codes 79 Installing Licenses 80 Checking the...

Страница 5: ...5 INTRODUCTION In this section Using StoneGate Documentation 7...

Страница 6: ...6...

Страница 7: ...ibes how to use the StoneGate IPS Installation Guide and lists other available documentation It also provides directions for obtaining technical support and giving feedback The following sections are...

Страница 8: ...ate important or additional information Tip Tips provide additional helpful information such as alternative ways to complete steps Example Examples present a concrete scenario that clarifies the point...

Страница 9: ...scenarios for each feature area Available for StoneGate Management Center Firewall VPN and StoneGate IPS Installation Guide Instructions for planning installing and upgrading a StoneGate system Avail...

Страница 10: ...Stonesoft Corporation visit our website at http www stonesoft com Licensing Issues You can view your current licenses at the License Center section of the Stonesoft website at https my stonesoft com...

Страница 11: ...11 PREPARING FOR INSTALLATION In this section Planning the IPS Installation 13 Installing IPS Licenses 19 Configuring NAT Addresses 23...

Страница 12: ...12...

Страница 13: ...e installation can begin The chapter also includes an overview to the installation process The following sections are included Introduction to StoneGate IPS page 14 Example Network Scenario page 14 Ov...

Страница 14: ...r Ethernet layer 2 traffic The main features of StoneGate IPS include Multiple detection methods misuse detection uses fingerprints to detect known attacks Anomaly detection uses traffic statistics to...

Страница 15: ...llation Before you start the installation you need to carefully plan the site that you are going to install Consult the Reference Guide if you need more detailed background information on the operatio...

Страница 16: ...etwork wire between network devices The capturing is done passively so it does not interfere with the traffic With a network TAP the two directions of the network traffic is divided to separate wires...

Страница 17: ...any fixed setting Gigabit standards require interfaces to use autonegotiation fixed settings are not allowed at gigabit speeds Inline interfaces of sensors require additional consideration since the s...

Страница 18: ...18 Chapter 2 Planning the IPS Installation...

Страница 19: ...s chapter instructs how to generate and install licenses for sensors and analyzers The following sections are included Getting Started with IPS Licenses page 20 Generating New Licenses page 20 Install...

Страница 20: ...sensors and analyzers 1 Generate the licenses at the Stonesoft website See Generating New Licenses page 20 2 Install the licenses in the Management Client See Installing Licenses page 21 Generating N...

Страница 21: ...nstall Licenses 2 Select one or more license files in the dialog that opens To check that the licenses were installed correctly 1 Click the Configuration icon in the toolbar and select Administration...

Страница 22: ...enses you must bind them manually to the correct engines once you have configured the engine elements What s Next If NAT is applied to communications between system components proceed to Configuring N...

Страница 23: ...tact addresses when a NAT network address translation operation is applied to the communications between the sensor or analyzer and other StoneGate components The following sections are included Getti...

Страница 24: ...Locations In the example scenario above a Management Server and a Log Server manage StoneGate components both at a company s headquarters and in a branch office NAT could typically be applied at the f...

Страница 25: ...s See Defining Sensors and Analyzers page 31 Defining Locations The first task is to group the system components into Location elements based on which components are on the same side of a NAT device T...

Страница 26: ...dress for each Location This allows you for example to define a contact address for each Internet link in a Multi Link configuration for remotely managed components To define the Management Server and...

Страница 27: ...Contact Address es are not valid from all other Locations Close the server properties and define the contact addresses for other servers in the same way Note Elements grouped in the same Location elem...

Страница 28: ...28 Chapter 4 Configuring NAT Addresses...

Страница 29: ...29 CONFIGURING SENSORS AND ANALYZERS In this section Defining Sensors and Analyzers 31 Saving the Initial Configuration 45 Configuring Routing and Installing Policies 51...

Страница 30: ...30...

Страница 31: ...nagement Client so the engines cannot be successfully installed before defining them in the Management Center as outlined in this chapter The following sections are included Getting Started with Defin...

Страница 32: ...interface numbering on the engines However if you do the engine s initial configuring using the automatic USB memory stick configuration method the Interface IDs in the Management Center are mapped t...

Страница 33: ...nents More than one system communication interface can be added to provide a primary and a backup interface for Management Server communications For Analyzers the volume of log traffic can easily grow...

Страница 34: ...ace Properties dialog opens 3 Select the Interface ID 4 Not applicable to Analyzers Select Normal Interface as the Type 5 Click OK The physical interface is added to the interface list Add the necessa...

Страница 35: ...VLAN ID is added to the physical interface Repeat the steps above to add further VLANs to the interface The VLAN interface is now ready to be used as a network interface The VLAN interface is identif...

Страница 36: ...v4 Address Repeat for each node if this is a Sensor Cluster element 3 Enter the Netmask 4 If NAT is applied to system communications double click the Contact Address cell and continue as explained in...

Страница 37: ...define several IP addresses for the same physical network interface Before you continue write down the networks to which each Interface ID is connected Setting Interface Options for IPS Engines Interf...

Страница 38: ...can send TCP resets and ICMP destination unreachable messages when the communications trigger a response You can use a system communications interface for sending resets if the resets are routed corre...

Страница 39: ...nterfaces except that the same Logical interface cannot be used to represent both capture interfaces and inline interfaces on the same Sensor The rules in the ready made IPS Strict Template and IPS Sy...

Страница 40: ...t VLAN is selected automatically An interface you want to use as the reset interface must not have any manually added VLAN configuration The reset interface must be in the same broadcast domain as the...

Страница 41: ...se restrictions regarding this interface type External equipment must be set up to mirror traffic to the capture interface You can connect a capture interface to a switch SPAN port or a network TAP to...

Страница 42: ...n network cards have fixed pairs of ports Take particular care to map these ports correctly during the initial configuration of the engine Otherwise the network cards do not correctly fail open when t...

Страница 43: ...fault inline sensors inspect all connections If the traffic load is too high for the inline sensor to inspect all the connections some traffic may be dropped Alternatively inline sensors can dynamical...

Страница 44: ...tion 1 Write down the networks to which each Interface ID is connected 2 Click OK close the engine properties The following notification opens 3 Click No What s Next You are now ready to transfer the...

Страница 45: ...configuration in the Management Center and how to transfer it to the physical sensor and analyzer engines The following sections are included Configuration Overview page 46 Saving the Initial Configur...

Страница 46: ...ers and triggers the creation of one time passwords needed to establish a connection with the Management Server There are three ways to initialize your IPS engines and establish contact between them a...

Страница 47: ...ration Wizard you can Enable SSH Daemon and select the Local Time Zone and Keyboard Layout 4 Sensors only Click Select and select the appropriate policy if you already have a policy you want to use Th...

Страница 48: ...it 5 Click Close Once the sensor or analyzer is fully configured the SSH daemon can be set on and off using the Management Client Enabling SSH in the initial configuration gives you remote command lin...

Страница 49: ...iance see the installation and initial configuration instructions in the Appliance Installation Guide that was delivered with the appliance After this return to this guide to set up basic routing and...

Страница 50: ...50 Chapter 6 Saving the Initial Configuration...

Страница 51: ...the engine s and the Management Server the engines are left in the initial configuration state Now you must define basic routing and policies to be able to use the engines to inspect traffic Both of...

Страница 52: ...the Sensor or Analyzer if the networks cannot be reached through the default gateway Routing is most often done using the following elements Network elements represent a group of IP addresses Router...

Страница 53: ...to add other routes you must first add a Router element to represent the gateway devices that forward packets to the networks To add a router 1 Right click the Network and select New Router The Router...

Страница 54: ...ing a new element just inserting the existing default element Any Network Adding Other Routes To add other routes 1 Right click the Router and select New Network The Network Properties dialog opens 2...

Страница 55: ...e cannot be edited directly See the IPS Reference Guide for more information on the predefined policies and templates When you install a policy on a sensor the analyzer that the sensor uses also recei...

Страница 56: ...l task dialog opens 3 Select the engine s 4 Click Add The selected engines are added to the Target list Note The Strict Policy and the System Policy contain a rule that uses the Terminate action for a...

Страница 57: ...u install a policy all the rules in the policy as well as all the IPS engine s other configuration information including interface definitions and routing information are transferred to the engines Co...

Страница 58: ...ttom of the window 3 Use the Commands menu to command sensors Online Offline Only sensors in Online mode process traffic Analyzers do not have a corresponding command they always process the event inf...

Страница 59: ...59 INSTALLING SENSORS AND ANALYZERS In this section Installing the Engine on Intel Compatible Platforms 61...

Страница 60: ...60...

Страница 61: ...S Sensors and Analyzers on standard Intel or Intel compatible platforms such as AMD The following sections are included Installing the Sensor or Analyzer Engine page 62 Obtaining Installation Files pa...

Страница 62: ...Configure the engines and establish contact with the Management Server See Configuring the Engine page 64 Obtaining Installation Files Downloading the Installation Files 1 Go to the download page at t...

Страница 63: ...make sure you have the initial configuration or a one time password for management contact for each sensor and analyzer engine These are generated in the Management Center See Saving the Initial Confi...

Страница 64: ...are mapped to physical interfaces in sequential order Interface ID 0 is mapped to eth0 Interface ID 1 is mapped to eth1 and so on To install and configure the engine with a USB stick 1 Make sure you...

Страница 65: ...ENTER Proceed to Configuring the Operating System Settings page 65 To import the configuration 1 Select Floppy Disk or USB Memory and press ENTER 2 Select the correct configuration file for this engi...

Страница 66: ...engine s clock is automatically synchronized with the Management Server s clock To set the rest of the OS settings 1 Type in the name of the engine 2 Type in the password for the user root This is the...

Страница 67: ...rface to run the network sniffer on that interface 3 Highlight the Mgmt column and press the spacebar to select the interface for contact with the Management Server 4 Optional sensors and sensor analy...

Страница 68: ...tion is automatically filled in Activating the Initial Configuration Before the engine can make initial contact with the Management Server you activate an initial configuration on the engine The initi...

Страница 69: ...engine type 1 Select the type of engine using the arrow keys and the spacebar 2 Highlight Finish and press ENTER The engine now tries to make initial Management Server contact If you see a connection...

Страница 70: ...te IPS Sensor or Analyzer as explained in Table 8 1 The partitions are allocated in two phases First disk partitions are created and second the partitions are allocated for their use purposes To parti...

Страница 71: ...partition type 2 For the swap partition type 5 For the data partition type 6 For the spool partition type 7 3 Check the partition allocation and type yes to continue The engine installation starts 4 W...

Страница 72: ...72 Chapter 8 Installing the Engine on Intel Compatible Platforms...

Страница 73: ...73 UPGRADING In this section Upgrading 75...

Страница 74: ...74...

Страница 75: ...here is a new version of the sensor and analyzer engine software you should upgrade as soon as possible The following sections are included Getting Started with Upgrading page 76 Upgrading or Generati...

Страница 76: ...d is not changed in an upgrade or a rollback Although parts of the configuration may be version specific for example if system communications ports are changed the new version can use the existing con...

Страница 77: ...are several third party programs available To manually download an engine upgrade file 1 Download the installation file from www stonesoft com download There are two types of packages available The z...

Страница 78: ...ode contains the license information for several components You can also always use the multi upgrade form to upgrade the licenses see Upgrading Licenses Under Multiple Proof Codes page 79 To generate...

Страница 79: ...oof Codes If you have several existing licenses with different POL codes that you need to upgrade you can make the work easier by generating the new licenses all at once To upgrade multiple licenses 1...

Страница 80: ...e Stonesoft License Center website using the multi upgrade form and submit the form with the required details The upgraded licenses are sent to you You can view and download your current licenses at t...

Страница 81: ...ion icon in the toolbar and select Administration The Administration Configuration view opens 2 Expand the Licenses branch and select IPS You should see one license for each analyzer and sensor engine...

Страница 82: ...lso create a scheduled Task for the remote upgrade as instructed in the Online Help During a Sensor cluster upgrade process it is possible to have the upgraded nodes online and operational side by sid...

Страница 83: ...5 Select whether you want to transfer the upgrade for later activation or both transfer and activate now 6 Check the node selection and change it if necessary 7 Check the Engine Upgrade file and chan...

Страница 84: ...ng a monitor and keyboard or a serial cable During a Sensor cluster upgrade process it is possible to have the upgraded nodes online and operational side by side with the older version nodes Upgrading...

Страница 85: ...the engines have two partitions When an engine is upgraded the inactive partition is used When the upgrade is finished the active partition is switched The earlier configuration is kept on the inacti...

Страница 86: ...wo partitions When an engine is upgraded the inactive partition is used When the upgrade is finished the active partition is switched The earlier configuration is kept on the inactive partition If the...

Страница 87: ...87 APPENDICES In this section Command Line Tools 89 Default Communication Ports 95 Example Network Scenario 101 Index 107...

Страница 88: ...88...

Страница 89: ...d line tools available on StoneGate IPS engines For instructions on how to access the command line see the Administrator s Guide or the Online Help of the Management Client The following sections are...

Страница 90: ...eters see below or use the i option to import parameters from a file del deletes the first matching blacklist entry Enter the parameters see below or use the i option to import parameters from a file...

Страница 91: ...ecified configuration options sg clear all Use this only if you want to return a StoneGate appliance to its factory settings Clears all configuration from the engine You must have a serial console con...

Страница 92: ...the engine s status l option displays all available information on engine status h option displays usage information sg toggle active SHA1 SIZE force debug Switches the engine between the active and t...

Страница 93: ...and Line Tools on Engines Command Description dmesg Shows system logs and other information Use the h option to see usage halt Shuts down the system ip Displays IP address related information Type the...

Страница 94: ...94 Appendix A Command Line Tools...

Страница 95: ...This chapter lists the default ports used in connections between StoneGate components and the default ports StoneGate uses with external components The following sections are included Management Cent...

Страница 96: ...fault Destination Ports for Optional SMC Components and Features TCP 8914 8918 Log Server Management Server TCP 8902 8913 3021 Log Server Certificate Request Management Client Stonesoft s Update Servi...

Страница 97: ...rver External LDAP queries for display editing in the Management Client LDAP TCP Log Server 162 UDP 5162 UDP Monitored third party components SNMPv1 trap reception from third party components Port 162...

Страница 98: ...nt Server RADIUS authentication requests for administrator logins The default ports can be modified in the properties of the RADIUS Server element RADIUS Authentication Secondary Management Servers 89...

Страница 99: ...er 514 UDP Syslog server Syslog messages forwarded to Analyzer Syslog UDP Analyzer 4950 TCP Management Server Remote upgrade SG Remote Upgrade Analyzer 18889 TCP Management Server Management connectio...

Страница 100: ...Data Sync Sensor 4950 TCP Management Server Remote upgrade SG Remote Upgrade Sensor 18888 TCP Management Server Management connection SG Commands Sensor Sensor firewall 15000 TCP Management Server an...

Страница 101: ...uent chapters are filled in according to this example scenario this way you can compare how the settings in the various dialogs relate to overall network structure whenever you like The following sect...

Страница 102: ...ions are illustrated with a separate Analyzer in the Headquarters Management Network a combined Sensor Analyzer in the Branch Office Intranet network The network scenario for these installations is ba...

Страница 103: ...rts for inspection Inline Interfaces The cluster is deployed in the path of traffic between the firewall and the Headquarters Intranet switch All the traffic flows through each node s inline interface...

Страница 104: ...scription Normal Interfaces The HQ Analyzer s normal interface is connected to the Headquarters Management Network using the IP address 192 168 10 61 This normal interface is used for control connecti...

Страница 105: ...the Example Scenario Continued SMC Server Description Table C 4 Single Sensor in the Example Scenario Network Interface Description Inline Interfaces The DMZ Sensor is deployed in the path of traffic...

Страница 106: ...log data from the Branch Office Sensor Analyzer Table C 5 Combined Sensor Analyzer in the Example Scenario Network Interface Description Inline Interfaces The Branch Office Sensor Analyzer s deployed...

Страница 107: ...ogical interfaces 39 physical interfaces 34 reset interfaces 40 system communication interfaces 33 traffic inspection interfaces 38 VLANs 35 example network scenario 14 101 F file integrity 62 63 G ge...

Страница 108: ...ing 62 71 traffic inspection interfaces 38 44 SHA 1 checksum 62 63 sniffing network interface 67 SPAN port 16 strict policy 55 support services 10 supported platforms 15 system policy 55 system requir...

Страница 109: ...views to configuration tasks User s Guides step by step instructions for end users For more documentation visit www stonesoft com support Stonesoft Corporation It lahdenkatu 22 A FI 00210 Helsinki Fin...

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