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Shock pulse measurement

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Shock pulse measurement

Contents

Shock pulse techniques .......................................................... 3
Rules for SPM measuring points ............................................. 4
Examples of SPM measuring points ....................................... 6
Equipment for shock pulse measurement .............................. 8
Equipment for shock pulse measurement .............................. 9
Transducer with quick connector ......................................... 10
Permanently installed transducers/terminal .........................11
Shock pulse transducer with probe ...................................... 12

The SPM HD measuring technique ....................................... 13
Normalized condition readings ........................................... 14
Input data for SPM HD ......................................................... 15
Transducer line quality ......................................................... 17
Measuring SPM HD .............................................................. 18

The dBm/dBc measuring technique...................................... 19
Input data for SPM dBm/dBc ................................................ 20
Measuring SPM dBm/dBc ..................................................... 22
Using the earphones ............................................................ 23

The LR/HR and SPM LR/HR HD techniques .......................... 24
Input data for LR/HR and LR/HR HD .................................... 25
Accumulation and compensation ......................................... 26
LR/HR values and CODE ...................................................... 27
The LUB number .................................................................. 28
The COND number and error codes .................................... 29
Input data for LR/HR and LR/HR HD .................................... 30
Measuring LR/HR and LR/HR HD .......................................... 32

Measuring an SPM Spectrum ............................................... 33
Editing spectrum data .......................................................... 34

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Содержание leonova emerald

Страница 1: ...User guide PORTABLE EFFICIENCY ...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...recording measuring rounds display windows spectrum functions and order tracking Measurement techniques always included RPM temperature ISO 2372 vibration and stethoscope Shock pulse measurement SPM HD SPM dBm dBc SPM HR LR SPM LR HR HD and SPM Spectrum Vibration mesurement ISO 10816 vibration HD ENV EVAM vibration analysis FFT with symptoms Rotor balancing Single plane balancing ...

Страница 4: ...bserve the risk of earth potential differences when using long cables When measuring on machines in operation ensure that no cables etc can be caught in rotating parts which can cause injury For safety reasons the measurement device must only be operated and maintenanced by properly trained personnel Service and repairs of the measurement device may only be performed by SPM authorized service tech...

Страница 5: ...Default transducers 15 User defined transducers 16 Edit text and numbers 17 Select language 18 Change font size and style 18 Create measurement files 19 Function and use 19 Order functions 20 Maintenance and repair 21 Replacement of Protection foil 16686 21 Procedure for replacing or moving wrist strap 21 Communication with the PC 22 Leonova service program 22 Upgrade Leonova software 23 Safety co...

Страница 6: ...A 2 General instrument functions A ...

Страница 7: ...essories 16573 Optional battery pack 16644 Battery adapter unit 100 240 V AC CHA01 Battery charger incl AC adapter Euro plug CHA02 Battery charger incl AC adapter UK plug CHA03 Battery charger incl AC adapter US plug CHA04 Battery charger incl AC adapter AU plug 93484 Car charger cable 12 V CAB94 Communication cable USB mini USB 1m 16646 Shoulder strap with safety buckle 16675 Belt clip 16686 Prot...

Страница 8: ...wer ON OFF SHIFT capitals options M S start measurement save measurement Strap holders Communication port mini USB BACK F1 F4 Function keys MENU Rechargeable battery pack Headphones headset 3 5 mm stereo mini plug SPM Shock pulse transducer input mini coax RPM Input for RPM temp probe NPN PNP sensors incl 12 VDC power supply and stroboscope control 5 pin Lemo connector Hold and pull end of rubber ...

Страница 9: ...se any other type of charger or AC adapter Connect the AC adapter 100 240 V AC to the charg er unit B and place the battery pack in the charger unit The charger unit can also be connected to 12V power in a car via the car charger cable 93484 A green LED on front of the charger indicates that power is connected CHARGE red LED lights up dur ing charging READY green LED lights up when the battery is ...

Страница 10: ... battery status icon is placed in the upper right corner About Leonova The file About Leonova contains important infor mation on the software status The license number and serial number belongs to the instrument All upgrades concerning program versions and functions are connected with it The package number is a running number of update operations When ordering new functions these are delivered as ...

Страница 11: ...ndow ENTER opens activates a highlighted item It also closes functions and confirms changes BACK switches back to previous window SHIFT is used to provide alternate functions in the function bar This is the general rule Details are explained under the function description The Leonova main screen is divided into three areas the menu bar 1 the display window 2 the function bar 3 The function bar sho...

Страница 12: ... suitable shortcut key in the list and press OK You can change order and make the options in the MENU window visible unvisible and insert separators between them To make a menu option visible unvisible mark the option with UP DOWN and press F2 To move a menu option in the list mark the line with UP DOWN and press F3 Move the option with F1 F2 Pressing MENU in the Modify menu 1 will open a window 3...

Страница 13: ...Select function in the display window with the ARROW keys and open with ENTER In case of instrument malfunction you should remove the battery pack to perform a hardware reset This will erase all data in the RAM memory Do not open the instrument casing Service on Leonova may only be carried out by specially trained personnel authorized by SPM Reset Instrument calibration An instrument calibration e...

Страница 14: ...it settings mode These are the files General settings a menu for several functions Select units the default is mm C Hz dB mode scale in dB for the y scale in spectrum Icons show large small icons Layout measuring point tree layout preview live spectrum show theoretical symptoms Automatic save Prompt to save after measure ment Balancing select ounce counter rotational de grees and output unit ACC V...

Страница 15: ...ond to CPM cycles per minute similar to rpm Marking a dB mode 3 will change the y scale to decibell 1 2 4 5 3 Use temporary file will save the round temporary while saving Preview live spectrum will show spectrum in real time Low resolution warning when the resolution is too low for an accurate result Possible to determine rpm from spectrum makes it possible to get the rpm by setting out a marker ...

Страница 16: ...r Measure All measurement Display colours displays the evaluation icon for each listed measuring technique Automatic save opens a Save yes no win dow immediately after a measurement Counter rotational degrees means that angles are measured opposite to the direction the rotor is moving Ounce changes weights from grams to ounces Output unit selected from a list 2 is the unit of the vibration measure...

Страница 17: ...te open Date Time 4 under MENU Settings Select the date field and press ENTER Select month with F2 F3 and navigate with the arrow keys to select date 5 Press F1 to save To set the time 6 select the time field and press ENTER Use LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to change field and UP DOWN to change value Press F1 OK to save 5 6 4 Power saving You can adjust the time for sleep mode 3 The display will shut dow...

Страница 18: ...asured voltage is above the max bias voltage or below the min bias voltage The actual sensitivity of the individual transducer is writ ten on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assure that the readings are calibrated Name A descriptive name It will be shown on the list of transducers Input ty...

Страница 19: ...a name on the list and press F1 OK to confirm The new transducer is shown in the window 4 Press F1 OK to confirm and close with the BACK key To select default transducers for the balancing function mark Balancing in the window De fault transducers 3 Press ENTER and register the transducer 6 to be used To see or edit transducer data mark its name in the transducer register 1 and press F2 Edit 7 You...

Страница 20: ...ype Select No Press F1 to save the settings and close with the BACK key To select the User defined transducer as default transducer press F4 and select Vibration 2 Press ENTER and select Pressure transducer as in the example 3 For EVAM assignments both Time signal unit and Spectrum unit have to be set to User de fined 4 Note When Time signal unit is set to User defined the User defined name and Us...

Страница 21: ...the first character that it corresponds with e g F1 accesses abc so pressing the F1 key once will type out an a To type a b or c you have to press the F1 key twice quickly or three times quickly respectively To obtain capital letters hold down the SHIFT key Navigate in the input field 3 with LEFT RIGHT arrow keys You can delete charac ter with F4 To finish press ENTER Edit text and numbers Change ...

Страница 22: ...e names Leonova uses the larg est text that fits into the available space going from Normal 16 points via Medium 14 points to Small 12 points Thus if you have difficulties reading Small text you can change the text size of Small from 12 to 14 points Leonova will truncate file names that are too large to fit on one line Using several words or hyphens in the name will put it on two or more lines Mar...

Страница 23: ...e measurement files cre ated in the vibration technique window a file for vibration 1000Hz 1600 lines and a file each for vibration measurement according to ISO 10816 and ISO 2372 1 Function and use Leonova has a number of platform functions which are always available Other functions are user selectable and can be bought in retrospect when needed Function and use under MENU Settings shows a list o...

Страница 24: ...131 Shock pulse method LR HR EME132 SPM Spectrum EME133 Vibration ISO 10816 with spectrum EME134 Vibration Premium including HD ENV FFT spectrum with symptoms 6400 lines 10 kHz HD Order tracking Time signal Post trigger EME193 Vibration Supreme including HD ENV EVAM evaluated vibration analysis 12800 lines 20 kHz HD Order tracking Time signal Post trigger EME140 HD Analysis Vibration Supreme SPM H...

Страница 25: ...ddle It is advisable to hold the foil in place with a finger while doing this so that it doesn t move 7 Dry off any excess moisture with a cloth Small bubbles and unevenness will disappear of their own accord within a few days 8 Let the protection foil dry 12 hour before use Procedure for replacing or moving wrist strap The wrist strap is easily loosened by unbutton the handle then loosen the Velc...

Страница 26: ...the communica tion mode On the PC open Data transfer or Planning in Condmaster Communication with the PC 1 Leonova service program The Service Program is used to print and save balancing reports load additional functions from the file Leonova txt check for updates of Leonova Service Program This function requires that your computer is connected to the Internet Shows version info available and curr...

Страница 27: ...th each other The Service program version numbers will always follow Condmaster version numbers and the two will always be released together The latest versions of the Service Program and Leonova MMI software can be downloaded from the SPM homepage www spminstrument com Under Downloads open SPM Software and Leonova Diamond Emerald Download the file LeonovaDiamondAndEmerald swp to your PC To load a...

Страница 28: ...nnect Leonova to the PC Open Communication on the instrument Start the Leonova Service pro gram on the PC Select Safety copy click CONTINUE Select a folder on your PC e g your Condmaster folder and click SAVE When reloading from a safety copy there are two alternatives all files or a single file The single file option can be used to transfer a measurement file from one Leonova to another and from ...

Страница 29: ... OK Reload safety copies of Leonova files Upload and download files to PC Files are uploaded downloaded to PC usually when Condmaster not is available To upload a file from Leonova Connect Leonova to the PC and set the instrument in Communication mode Start the Service Program on the PC Select Uploaded Files and press Upload From Instrument Mark a file in the Select Round File window and press OK ...

Страница 30: ...s new files 2 onto the File menu Files downloaded from Condmaster also get onto the File menu They are marked with a measuring round icon 3 To open a file select the file with the arrow keys and press ENTER For file management mark the file and press SHIFT F2 This opens a menu from where you can delete or rename the marked file and see the file information 4 Select File informa tion Press ENTER to...

Страница 31: ...ng point identification Create new Edit Keyboard for input of text and numbers Manual input of measuring results Vibration measurement ISO 10816 Vibration measurement ISO 2372 Quick mode Component Measuring point HD ENV measurement SPM HD measurement SPM LR HR HD measurement SPM Spectrum measurement Transducer Line Test Vibration measurement EVAM FFT Show measuring point data Browse through measur...

Страница 32: ...ification NFC transponder for communication with CondIDTM tags read distance max 50 mm 2 inch SPM input Shock pulse channels 1 Measuring techniqes SPM HD dBm dBc LR HR and LR HR HD Transducer line test TLQ test Transducer types SPM 40000 42000 44000 probe transducer and quick con nector transducer VIB input Vibration channels 1 Frequency range 0 DC to 20 kHz Resolution max 12 800 lines Transducer ...

Страница 33: ...terns highlighted in the spectrum Automatic config of bearing symptoms linked to ISO bearing no Shock pulse method SPM HDm HDc Measuring range 30 to 110 dBsv with transducer type 44000 Resolution 0 2 dB Accuracy 1 dB Input data rpm plus bearing type and shaft diameter or ISO bearing number Output quantity maximum value HDm carpet value HDc evaluated green yellow red Shock pulse method SPM HD Exper...

Страница 34: ... lines 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 Frequency units Hz CPM orders Saving options full spectrum time signal and FFT condition parameters Vibration analysis EVAM FFT with symptoms Frequency limit lower 0 DC to 200 Hz Frequency limit upper 8 to 20 000 Hz EVAM 8 to 10 000 Hz FFT order tracking Envelope high pass filters 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10 000 Hz Envelope band pass filters 5 100 50 1000 500 ...

Страница 35: ...ondID 13 The measuring sequence 14 Measurement window before measuring 15 Measurement window before saving 16 The Measure all function 17 Conditional measurements 19 Comments 20 Graphics window 21 Measuring result window 22 Measuring point images 22 Live spectrum window 23 Spectrum window 24 Spectrum functions 25 Highlighted symptoms in the spectrum 29 Multi line symptoms with harmonics 31 Waterfa...

Страница 36: ...B 2 General measurement functions B ...

Страница 37: ...alysis Balancing single plane For each measurement the user can input a comment as text or voice recording Measuring modes Leonova is primarily designed as a data logger Measuring rounds complete with all input data for evaluated measurements are downloaded from a PC running the SPM software Condmaster Ruby After measurement the results are uploaded to the PC When data logging the operator works a...

Страница 38: ...ll term for the concept of transducer line quality testing is TLQ Depending on the transducer used the following applies regarding units of measure and accepted values If the TLQ value is outside the accepted level s the measuring result cannot be saved Further information regarding TLQ is found in the respective measuring technique chapters in this manual Transducer type 40000 42000 44000 Vibrati...

Страница 39: ...of the default files 2 Mark the file and press the ENTER key to open the measurement function Press the MENU key Measuring point data ENTER to display the available settings In this example temperature measurement the only setting available is Variable speed 3 This can be activated if you want to measure RPM in conjunction with the temperature measurement Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to mark this se...

Страница 40: ...ement 1 all of which can be edited In the second screen shot 2 shaft diameter and RPM have been input and the meas uring time set to equal 10 revolutions After editing measuring point data you can do one of three things Close 3 simply closes the default file without saving the edited measuring point data or the measuring results To keep the edited measuring point data perma nently use Save as file...

Страница 41: ...1 you will be prompted to input a file name via the keyboard window 2 The file will then be accessible from the FILE window 3 The file thus saved keeps both the edited measur ing point data and the measuring results It can be opened to add more measurements Single measurement user files 2 1 4 3 ...

Страница 42: ...ect it The name of the new measuring technique will be added below the existing ones in the measuring window 3 To get the correct measuring point data for all measuring techniques under the same measuring point you can configure and save the default file before you add more techniques Alternatively edit the measuring point data for each technique in the new user file Save it under a new name if yo...

Страница 43: ...nt a vibration or rpm measurement and possibly temperature or any combination of these one needs a measuring point where all wanted measuring techniques are active This measuring point is either downloaded from Condmaster or it is a multi measurement user file see previous page Define the number of measurements or minutes 2 and the time interval 3 between measure ments 0 minutes as fast as possibl...

Страница 44: ...the operator has to do is connect the appropriate transducer and use the Leonova MEASURE SAVE M S key to obtain and save the measurements In Condmaster the components and measuring points contained in a measuring round can be organized under labels 4 to create a logical structure and improve measuring route efficiency Mark a component and press SHIFT UP DOWN to move between components 5 and mark a...

Страница 45: ... uploading the round to Condmaster the results are transferred but the measuring point is not added to the measuring round Another option is to create a new round and add some of the downloaded measuring points Go to MENU Add round select Create new round 9 and then choose measuring points from a list containing all downloaded measuring points from Condmaster If you have forgotten to load a certai...

Страница 46: ... press MENU and select View details to view more of the information that was input in Cond master This can be useful if you for example need to know the location of the measuring point which is shown under General 13 At the bottom Work description is shown if the measuring point has a work description connected to it in Condmaster press F2 to access it Lubri cation data is shown if the measuring p...

Страница 47: ... tag symbol 2 After opening the round hold Leonova close to the memory tag press the MENU key and select Read CondID 3 The information on the tag will open the right measuring point in the round and Leonova is ready for measurement To break the link press MENU and select Dis connect CondID from measuring point 4 Press Yes to confirm When standing in a measuring round and reading a CondID that does...

Страница 48: ... Files configured in Condmaster 1 Select a file FILE menu 2 Open the file and select a measuring point 3 Connect the transducer 4 Press the MEASURE SAVE M S key to start the measurement Press MEASURE SAVE M S again to save the measuring result To measure repeatedly without saving in between press the M S key down for 2 seconds Set a comment if needed 5 To remove unwanted results go to MENU Measuri...

Страница 49: ...east once present status in Condmaster 17 Measuring assignment measured and up loaded at least once no condition status or no alarm limit defined in Condmaster Open close measuring point folders with RIGHT LEFT arrow keys C Function bar The function bar shows actions controlled through the function keys F1 to F4 The functions available will vary with different modes The SHIFT key is used to provid...

Страница 50: ... and menu options All options reached via the function keys F1 F4 are linked to the measuring point and measuring as signment selected in the measurement window B 3 F1 Opens the measuring results window In this window use the F1 and F2 function keys before saving to toggle between measuring results from the active measuring assignment and F3 to delete any results you do not want to save 4 F2 Opens...

Страница 51: ...nd and saved for the next download to Leonova The Measure all function is disabled by default It can be activated under MENU Settings General settings in the FILE window In the top section of the measurement window a list of measuring techniques and the current channel configuration for the measuring point is shown 2 Measurement using remote transducers is always carried out separately i e not con...

Страница 52: ...y pressing F3 in the first Measure all dialog box Press Edit F1 in the Measuring point data window to change the RPM settings if values are outside the limits New settings will be transferred to Condmaster when uploading the round All measured assignments are displayed during meas urement 2 When a measurement is completed for a particular assignment its status bar is green for a few seconds before...

Страница 53: ...T on limit 1 is displayed This condition means that a full SPM HD measurement including FFT will only be completed if the initial HDm reading equals or exceeds the limit value After measurement a blue box 2 signifies a suc cessfully completed measurement although not yet saved whereas a grey check mark 3 indicates that the condition for this measuring assignment was not met and the measurement the...

Страница 54: ...vers the time interval between the two dates and times To record a vocal comment press the F3 function key Voice recording 6 then press F1 Start to begin recording Maximum recording time is 30 seconds Standard comments having a vocal recording attached to them are marked with a speaker symbol 7 Mark the comment and press F4 Play to listen to a recording The complete list of standard comments conta...

Страница 55: ...asuring result and time of measurement is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 7 A white corner on a function 8 indicates that more options are available when pressing the correspond ing function key F1 F4 Pressing and holding the SHIFT instrument key offers further options still Zoom Zoom X zooms the display around the center of the current view while Zoom to cross zooms in on the c...

Страница 56: ...en taken and saved the F1 Previous result and F2 Next result keys can be used to toggle between them 4 Press the SHIFT key F1 or F2 to skip to the first or last measuring result The measuring result window also shows the units of measurement 5 if any Measuring result window 3 1 1 2 5 5 2 3 4 4 2 3 1 Using the Measuring Point Imag ing function in Condmaster images or photographs can be connected to...

Страница 57: ...ll be performed In the live spectrum window 7 you can temporarily change the upper frequency spectrum unit FFT type average type and count Select parameter with the UP DOWN arrow keys and change value with LEFT RIGHT Pre set values for the measuring point are shown in blue changed values in black Changes will not affect settings made under Measuring point data It is possible to display time signal...

Страница 58: ...and selecting Measuring point data If there are known disturbances e g from surrounding equipment the Spectrum enhancement func tion can be activated in Condmaster in order to obtain a clearer view of the relevant signals in the spec trum Using this function spectrum lines related to a certain source of disturbance can be excluded or interesting spectrum areas highlighted When Spectrum enhancement...

Страница 59: ...gain For fine work move cursor A sideways with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys and cursor B with SHIFT LEFT RIGHT 8 One step corresponds to spectrum resolution minimum distance between two spec trum lines For each step the cursor skips to the top of the spectrum line or if there is none to the base line amplitude 0 Frequency and amplitude of the cursor position are briefly displayed in the upper right c...

Страница 60: ... up in the spectrum Number 1 is in the cursor position Numbers 2 3 etc are the harmonics They are evenly spaced along the frequency axis at Z intervals Mov ing the cursor one step and back will again display its position and thus Z To remove the arrows from the spectrum press F3 Harmonics 2 again In the second screen shot right the cursor is po sitioned on a different spectrum line in the pattern ...

Страница 61: ... are selected and configured when the measuring point is created in Condmaster They are downloaded with the measuring round The only fac tor added in Leonova is normally the machine speed unless the measuring point is configured with a fixed rpm which it should not be when spectra are measured For a spectrum the list of symptoms shows the symptom value i e the RMS value of the included symptom lin...

Страница 62: ...cant for the evaluation of ma chine condition In this example the amplitude scale is approx 6 mm s so even the largest spectrum line is fairly small Switching to a logarithmic scale amplifies the low am plitude values 2 The amplitude unit gets the addition LOG 3 This display form clearly shows that the FFT calculation produces spectrum lines in almost every position most with amplitudes well below...

Страница 63: ... B The symptom name is shown 1 The symptom line is marked with a red dashed line 2 if a match is found in the spectrum To find the match Leonova searches for the closest peak line within the tolerances programmed in Condmaster C The symptom name is shown plus the text Theoretical symptom 3 The line in the calculated symptom position is marked with a blue dashed line 4 Leonova does not search for t...

Страница 64: ...d its three harmonics should be according to the calculations In case of the first line 6 reality as reproduced by the FFT agrees with the calculation However the next three lines in the pattern are not quite in their calculated positions they are beside the dashed lines 7 Please note that such near misses are normal especially for the more rigid Theoretical symptom Vibration itself is a con tinuo...

Страница 65: ...multiples and orders Alternative a is illustrated on the pre vious page Damage on the rotating inner race of a bearing typi cally affects the line at the ball pass frequency over the inner race BPFI Quite often it also produces side bands to this frequency line In Condmaster the symptom BPFIM M modulation is configured to show two sidebands on either side of the centre line BPFI which is not highl...

Страница 66: ...clearer by placing marker on top of the BPFI line and selecting Show har monics I Please note While the presence of side bands and multiples in a spectrum is significant the actual number of such elements is not important The job of a symptom is to point out relevant data not to find everything Zooming in on the spectrum and sweeping a cluster of lines reveals how close together significant lines ...

Страница 67: ...3 key Spec trum in the measurement window In the spectrum window press MENU Waterfall diagram 1 You are prompted to select a number of diagrams to show 2 In this screen shot example three diagrams are shown Cursors only apply to the spectrum in the front For the cursor position in the spectrum the frequency amplitude and phase angle are shown 3 Settings and other graphical functions are the same a...

Страница 68: ...played by default It can be removed with F2 Cursor F1 Cursor A For the marker position in the spectra frequency amplitude and phase angle are shown 4 Move the blue marker with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys In the Phase spectrum window you can select MENU Show phase noice 2 to see the phase angle for each line included in the spectra All other settings and graphical functions are the same as for spectr...

Страница 69: ...F2 See further information overleaf Using the F3 function key Result 4 you can toggle between measurement results and lock the Y axis scale The MENU key option Clear all removes markers and other indicators and also removes a time signal that was selected from the list of saved time signals For vibration and SPM HD measurements the time signal can be saved It can be seen directly after measuring a...

Страница 70: ...lues 6 Delta time time between the two cursors Delta amplitude difference in amplitude between the two cursors Delta phase difference in phase angle between the two cursors Note Phase angle is shown only if rpm is measured When two cursors are in place you can activate periods by pressing F3 Periods 7 This creates multiples with the same distance as that between cursors A and B 8 This feature is a...

Страница 71: ... settings are required Variable speed enabled 3 Measure RPM simultaneously set to No 4 When you press the MEASURE SAVE M S key you are prompted to select how to determine rpm Select Determine rpm from spectrum 5 When the measurement is completed press F3 Spec trum to go to the Spectrum window Use the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to move Cursor A 6 to the assumed rpm 1X in the spectrum In the spectrum win...

Страница 72: ...herefore more easily be compared if they are expressed in orders Using order tracking the frequency range will always cover the symptoms of interest regardless of the rotational speed of the machine To activate Order Tracking go to MENU in the measurement window Measuring point data 1 and select Order tracking 2 Press ENTER to mark the Order tracking checkbox 3 Enter the desired number of orders 4...

Страница 73: ...ement with default file 5 Temperature measurement 7 Temperature measurement with default file 8 User defined manual input 9 User defined manual input with default file 9 Vibration severity measurement 10 Definition of machine classes according to ISO 2372 11 Measuring points for vibration 12 Measuring point data for ISO 2372 13 Using the stethoscope function 14 ...

Страница 74: ...C 2 Measurement techniques always included B C ...

Страница 75: ...HR RMS vibration ISO 2372 Temperature measurement User defined manual input Stethoscope available function under Speed Shock pulse Vibration Temperature These measurement techniques and the equipment needed to use them are described in this chap ter with the exception of the SPM HDm HDc and LR HR technique described in Chapter D Measuring points containing the free techniques can be downloaded fro...

Страница 76: ...13 0 1 yd min factor 10 TAD 17 0 5 ft min factor 2 The SPM laser tachometer IR temperature probe TTP10 is used for both optical and contact RPM measurement It is connected to the transducer input marked RPM on Leonova A blue LED indicator on the Tachometer and Temperature probe TTP10 lights when reflected ligth hits the sensor TTP10 CAB90 Stroboscope cable 1 5 m spiral 3 5 mm phones connector CAB9...

Страница 77: ...n spectrum one has to know the rpm of the shaft This type of RPM measurement is made as part of the shock pulse or vibration measurement where the RPM technique is automatically included when the point is configured for variable speed The RPM measure with the default file 1 is not avail able for other measurements Press ENTER to open RPM measurement Settings 2 are made under Measuring point data S...

Страница 78: ...or manual input of speed press ENTER and input the speed via the keyboard window Contact measurement For contact measurement you place the contact adapter over the lens and fix a contact centre or a wheel The shaft in the adapter has a reflecting surface and each revolution sends one light reflex to the counter The contact centre is pressed firmly into the cavity at the centre of the shaft and the...

Страница 79: ...t used To measure move the laser point so that it is on the area to be measured and press the M S key Make sure that the target is larger than the unit s spot size The smaller the target the closer you should be to it Caution Never point the sighting laser in some body s eye The laser tachometer IR temperature probe has distance to spot size D S 8 1 meaning that if the probe is 800 mm from the tar...

Страница 80: ...ccurate readings as possible Select material to be measured emissivity with RIGHT LEFT arrow keys Paint Black body Iron rusted Iron oxidized Aluminium unoxidized Aluminium oxidized Lead oxidized Brass polished Brass oxidized Copper rough polished Copper black oxidized Press F1 Continue or ENTER to stop read ing Save the result with the M S key To see or delete measurement s before sav ing press F1...

Страница 81: ...lues outside a measur ing round an icon for user input is located in the User defined window 2 Press ENTER to open the measuring window bottom picture Configure files for manual input measurements by pressing SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data Type is always set to User input and can not be changed Type is shown as the measuring point name in the measurement window 3 Quantity is what the manual...

Страница 82: ...longs to the vibration classes 2 3 and 4 Class 2 Medium size machines without special foundations Class 3 Large machines on rigid foun dations Class 4 Large machines on soft foun dations For example most smaller process pumps in a chemical plant would be Class 2 A 100 kW fan on a concrete foundation would be Class 3 However the same fan fastened to the less rigid metal deck of a ship could be cons...

Страница 83: ...tegory Class II Medium sized machines typically electrical motors with 15 to 75 kW output without special foun dations rigidly mounted engines or machines up to 300 kW on special foundations Class III Large prime movers and other large machines with rotating masses on rigid and heavy foundations which are relatively stiff in the direction of vibration measurement Class IV Large prime movers and ot...

Страница 84: ...e for the vibration transducer The vibration transducer is connected via a twisted pair cable to the VIB input on Leonova Transducers of type IEPE ICP with voltage output 24 Vpp can be used Only one vibration transducer can be connected to Leonova when measuring according to ISO2372 Move the transducer between the three directions H V A and perform three measurements DuoTech accelerometers Dual Te...

Страница 85: ...nt data and mark Transducer on the list Press F1 Edit and select Remote The transducer data become editable after you switch Transducer from Portable to Remote Provided you know the transducer s frequency range sensitivity and its upper and lower bias range you can input the data here This temporarily transducer data will be lost when closing the measuring technique but will be saved in the measur...

Страница 86: ...the volume 4 NOTE Setting the volume to the maximum level may harm your hearing 1 You can filter out high or low frequencies with the high pass low pass filter 5 at 500 1000 or 2000 Hz Press the DOWN arrow key and select filter with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys When a shock pulse transducer of type 40000 is used you can select High frequency mode 6 High frequency mode moves frequencies above the audi...

Страница 87: ...SPM HD measuring technique 13 Normalized condition readings 14 Input data for SPM HD 15 Transducer line quality 17 Measuring SPM HD 18 The dBm dBc measuring technique 19 Input data for SPM dBm dBc 20 Measuring SPM dBm dBc 22 Using the earphones 23 The LR HR and SPM LR HR HD techniques 24 Input data for LR HR and LR HR HD 25 Accumulation and compensation 26 LR HR values and CODE 27 The LUB number 2...

Страница 88: ...D D 2 Shock pulse measurement ...

Страница 89: ...ce similar to the HDc In addition to these raw values the bearing s operating condition is indicated by the evaluation results CODE overall condition LUB oil film thickness and COND mechanical state of the surfaces Thus condition information is more detailed with emphasis on bearing lubrication The basic principles for LR HR and LR HR HD are the same however LR HR HD utilizes the SPM HD algorithms...

Страница 90: ... bearing signal will reach the measuring point However by necessity we try to apply general evaluation rules i e treat all measured signals as if they were of the same quality The rules for SPM measuring points try to assure that most signals are comparable with sufficient accuracy and that the green yellow red condition zones are valid 1 The signal path between bearing and measuring point shall b...

Страница 91: ...e machine is running Thus belt tension can determine the load on the bearings The fan shaft in point 3 is pulled down towards the motor The drive end of the motor shaft is pulled up towards the fan 2 the non drive end 1 is pressed down and away from the fan In point 4 the weight of the rotor normally determines the measuring direction The arrows show the measuring points numbered in the direction ...

Страница 92: ...aced by an adapter with lock nut Bearing housings beneath brackets Consult machine drawings and identify the bearing housing before selecting a measuring point In a pump the bearings can be placed in two separate housings inside the bearing bracket 3 Measuring point B placed below and opposite to the pump outlet because of the load direction can be reached with a long adapter through an opening in...

Страница 93: ...n both points This point x can be placed halfway between points 1 and 2 Installed transducer On large electric motors 5 the bearings are often mounted in bushings which are welded or bolted to the motor shields Because of the damping in the interface between the bushing and the shield the measuring point should be on the bushing The bearing bushing at the drive end A is usually within reach A long...

Страница 94: ...andard transducers and measuring cables are connected to Leonova s rightmost input connector in the front of the instrument DuoTech accelerometers Dual Technology The DuoTech accelerometer is a single transducer solution used for vibration or shock pulse measure ments or both in combination DuoTech with quick connector TRC100 for use with permanently installed measuring adapters Connect the DuoTec...

Страница 95: ...able Headphones are connected to Leonova s input output connector on the right hand side of the instrument Headset Headset with microphone for recording of vocal comments EAR16 are connected to Leonova s input output connector on the right hand side of the instru ment Headset in ear defenders with microphone EAR16 with cable Headset in ear defenders with microphone for helmet EAR17 with cable Head...

Страница 96: ...onnector press it against the adapter and twist clockwise Twist counter clockwise to remove it Check that installed transducers and adapters are properly mounted according to the SPM installation instructions and in good condition You cannot expect a useful signal by attaching the quick connect transducer to a rusty lump of metal or from a transducer that is rolling on the floor on the other side ...

Страница 97: ...ries 40000 for cable length max 4 m and temperature max 150 C Series 42000 for cable length max 100 m and temperature max 100 C DuoTech for permanent installation DuoTech accelerometers series SLC for permanent installation are available with different thread sizes They are used for shock pulse and vibration measurements in combination and when the measuring point cannot be reached directly Connec...

Страница 98: ...ress the probe tip against the measuring point until the rubber sleeve is in contact with the surface Hold the probe steady to avoid rubbing between probe tip and surface The probe is directionally sensitive It must be pointed straight at the bearing The centre of the probe tip should touch the surface Avoid pressing the probe tip against cavities and fillets which are smaller than the probe tip T...

Страница 99: ...on a logarithmic scale there is normally a large distinct difference between the maximum values from good and bad bearings Thus minor inaccuracies in the input data rpm and shaft diameter have little effect on the evaluated measuring result Lubrication condition is indicated by the delta value i e the difference between HDm and HDc High readings and a small delta value indicate poor lubrication or...

Страница 100: ...all number of strong shock pulses the carpet value HDc for the large number of weaker shock pulses the status dot which is green for HDm up to 20 HDn good condition yellow for 21 34 HDn caution red for 35 HDn and more bad operating condition The maximum value HDm defines the bearing s position on the condition scale The difference between HDm and HDc is used for a finer analysis of the causes for ...

Страница 101: ...dual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assurethat the readings are calibrated Note that measurements with DuoTech will be performed at channel VIB 1 HDi For a normalized reading of bearing condition with the Leonova default file go to MENU Measuring point data and se...

Страница 102: ...er the measurement cycle The Y axis unit in spectrum and time signal is HDesv when symptom enhancement is used Time synchronous averaging To achieve greater accuracy when measuring gear damages one can order the average result from a stated number measurements To get a time synchronous average a tachometer must be connected which supplies a trigger pulse This starts each measurement with the shaft...

Страница 103: ...ducer Line Test value TLT is dimensionless with accepted values between 15 and 25 44000 type transducers the result of the TLQ test is a TLR Transducer Line Resistance value in kohm resistance Accepted values are between 26 and 40 kΩ 1 Under Delay time you can specify a number of seconds during which Leonova will delay the start of measurement This setting is optional Acquisition time The Acquisit...

Страница 104: ... value of the strongest shock pulse registered during the measuring time To accept the displayed result press the ENTER key The measurement window shows the two shock values 1 the status dot 2 and if transducer line quality test is enabled the TLQ value 3 Save the result by pressing the MEASURE SAVE M S key or measure again with SHIFT M S When Variable speed is active the rpm must be measured befo...

Страница 105: ...nd automatically displayed After that the instru ment continues to measure while the transducer is connected The peak indicator blinks when pulses stronger than the displayed dBm value are detected If earphones are connected a pinging sound can be heard with each blink from the peak indicator For more information see Using the earphones The stethoscope function see Using the stethoscope function i...

Страница 106: ...he individual transducer is written on its calibration card This data should always be input in the transducer register When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assurethat the readings are calibrated Note that measurements with DuoTech will be performed at channel VIB 1 dBi For a normalized reading of bearing condition with the Leonova default file go to MENU Measuring point da...

Страница 107: ...an be obtained only within a limited RPM range such as in cranes RPM trigger 3 can be set to RPM run up or RPM run down RPM run up means Leonova will initiate the measurement then wait for the machine to speed up to the level input under Trigger level before it starts recording the signals With RPM run down Leonova waits for RPM to slow down to the Trigger level setting Under Delay time you can sp...

Страница 108: ...damaged parts to move into the load zone and reveal their presence by strong shock pulses When the peak indicator blinks press the UP key on the Leonova keypad This increases the dBm in steps of one dB The original value is displayed in brackets 2 Stop adjusting the dBm value when the peak indicator stops blinking The DOWN key decreases the value When earphones are connected in order to listen to ...

Страница 109: ...threshold is raised this changes to very rapid pulses at the dBc level At the dBm level only a few pulses should occur at irregular intervals Significant are the dBm level the rhythm of the pulses immediately below the dBm level the delta value which is the difference between the dBm and the dBc Shock pulses from a bearing normally occur at irregular interval while strong rhythmic shocks are a sig...

Страница 110: ...than the maximum and thus reduces the dynamic range To increase accuracy the mean diameter of the bearing is used the SPM TYPE no is input to define bearing geometry and the COMP no to calibrate the individual measuring points The extra output information concerns mainly lubrication condition allowing the user to attack a mayor maintenance problem most bearings fail too soon because of inadequate ...

Страница 111: ...t the area under pressure where the shock pulses occur is much larger For SPM purposes bearings are grouped into 8 different types each with a TYPE number 1 through 8 The types are described in the table above Bearing manufacturers though not all follow ISO standards when numbering their bearings The number code contains the information on mean diameter and bearing type Thus when you use an ISO be...

Страница 112: ...me If it is far to the left you can push it forward by setting a COMP no If the signal is outside of the left side of evaluation frame Leonova will display the error code E3 signal too low The COMP no is added to the measuring result before it is evaluated Thus it will influence the evaluation results CODE LUB and COND but not the displayed values for HR and LR It is possible to set negative COMP ...

Страница 113: ... several causes e g lack of lubricant supply to the bearing low temperature in a grease lubricated bearing or a heavy overload due to misalignment tight fit deformed housing etc CODE C is displayed when the instrument detects an increased shock pulse level with a large delta value This points to beginning surface damage CODE D is displayed when the signal is typical for bearing damage a high shock...

Страница 114: ...ure variations in the contact area and thus shock pulses even when metallic contact is prevented by a separating lubricant film A thinner film will result in an increase of the bearing s HR value The LUB No displayed with CODE A and B is directly proportional to oil film thickness LUB No 0 means dry running condition The interpretation of LUB Nos between 1 and 4 depends on the bearing type For bal...

Страница 115: ...d the bearing should be watched very carefully Once damage has started it cannot be reversed Temporary improvements of the COND No only mean that the edges of fresh spallings or imprints have been rounded off Soon there will be new spallings The time left to plan a bearing replacement depends on the trend of the COND No As a rule COND Nos should be interpreted as follows COND No 30 Minor damage CO...

Страница 116: ...gister When several transducers are in use they should be marked to assurethat the readings are calibrated Note that measurements with DuoTech will be performed at channel VIB 1 For a normalized reading of bearing condition with the Leonova default file go to MENU Measuring point data and set the TYPE and the NORM number TYPE number For TYPE no definition see the table on page D 25 Mark the line T...

Страница 117: ...ing on variable speed machines an RPM trigger can be used to determine when to start a measurement ensuring that it is carried out at an appropriate speed The RPM trigger can be used on applications where useful readings can be obtained only within a limited RPM range such as in cranes RPM trigger 9 can be set to RPM run up or RPM run down RPM run up means Leonova will initiate the measurement the...

Страница 118: ...malized measurement LUB COND and CODE are shown to the right 2 When Variable speed is active the rpm must be measured before measuring the shock values Please note that LR and HR values are always raw values measured in dBsv the unit for unnormalized shock values For normalized measurements LUB is displayed with CODE A and B COND is displayed with CODE B C and D The Measuring result window 3 shows...

Страница 119: ...he ENTER key and set SPM Spectrum to Yes 2 The default setting is a power spectrum over the range 0 to 1000 Hz It has 1600 lines of which 800 peaks are saved The standard window Hanning is used All these settings can be edited Please note that is not necessary to have an exact rpm reading in order to measure a spectrum However the exact rpm is very important when you want to interpret the spectrum...

Страница 120: ...ta Frequency range The frequency range 1 is always from 0 to upper frequency Set Upper frequency to include 3 or 4 multiples of BPFO ball pass frequency outer race The narrower the range the better the resolution Window The choice of Window 2 somewhat affects the spectrum line amplitudes Hanning default setting and Hamming are the window types most commonly used to calculate spectra The difference...

Страница 121: ...ectrum lines in damage patterns have fairly high amplitudes the pattern is not visible Thus saving only peaks 5 will preserve the essential data while reducing the amount of redundant data A peak is a spectrum line that has a line with a lower amplitude on either side If you select Save peaks Leonova will display the full spectrum before saving with peaks as black lines while the lines to be delet...

Страница 122: ...D D 36 Shock pulse measurement ...

Страница 123: ...ne classification 7 Data for ISO 10816 part 2 8 Data for ISO 10816 part 3 9 Data for ISO 10816 part 4 10 Data for ISO 10816 part 5 10 Data for ISO 10816 part 6 11 Measurement results ISO 10816 12 Making a vibration assignment 13 Defining the assignment 14 Measurement results 19 Making HD ENV assignments 21 Defining the assignment 22 Measurement results 24 Motor current analysis 26 ...

Страница 124: ...E E 2 Vibration measurement ...

Страница 125: ...S values of vibration velocity acceleration and displacement plus values for crest kurtosis skewness and noise levels Fault symptom values the amplitude values of selected spectrum line patters connected with typical machine faults like unbalance misalignment gear damage motor faults bearing damage etc COND numbers dimensionless condition numbers obtained by a statistical evaluation of all selecte...

Страница 126: ... DuoTech accelerometers Dual Technology The DuoTech accelerometer is a single transducer solution used for vibration or shock pulse measurements or both in combination DuoTech with quick connector TRC100 for use with permanently installed measuring adapters Connect the DuoTech via the measuring cable CAB82 DuoTech for permanent installation SLC144 Permanently installed DuoTech accelerometers are m...

Страница 127: ...re that the vibration transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly selected Default vibration transducers for the vibration tech niques are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is selected under Measuring point data To select a default transducer see Chapter A page 13 The transducer data become editable after you switch T...

Страница 128: ...d calculates the FFT Full spectrum returns a 1600 line velocity spectrum By default the range is 2 to 1000 Hz Peaks will save the number of peaks you input under No of peaks to save 4 A peak is a spectrum line with a higher amplitude than the lines on either side of it Thus a 1600 line spectrum can contain max 800 peaks Condition parameters selects the RMS vibration values and excludes the spectru...

Страница 129: ...e types Most of these have sub divisions each with its own set of limit values defining acceptable and unacceptable vibration levels The lines Part Group and Support 1 contain the data defining a specific set of limit values in ISO 10816 Opening the line Part leads to a step by step guide that helps you to input all necessary data Quick mode 2 is used to speed up the measure ment The measurement c...

Страница 130: ...hine class has no sub group Instead the choice of limit value table depends on machine speed either 1500 1800 r min or 3000 3600 r min Marking the appropriate speed range leads to the final window which shows the ISO recommended frequency range 10 to 500 Hz the recommended measurement quantity vibration velocity VEL and the limit values or zone boundaries Vibration zones A and B are acceptable so ...

Страница 131: ...with integrated driver centrifugal mixed flow or axial flow with rated power above 15 kW Further criteria for Part 3 are the rigidity of the foundation and the rotational speed Concrete foundations are rigid every thing else falls under flex ible The RPM affects the lower measuring range as well as the limit values Please note that correct measurement of very low frequency vibration demands a tran...

Страница 132: ...3 MW For this part input the RPM of the turbine This does not affect the vibration limit values but the upper frequency limit of the measure ment up to 5000 Hz for a turbine speed of 20000 RPM Data for ISO 10816 part 5 Part 5 is for Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants divided into 4 groups Please study the definitions and drawings provided in the standard ...

Страница 133: ...e is new and in good condition the user is supposed to select one of these tables as a norm for the machine If you know your table you simply select its classification number When you mark Measure Leonova will select the appropriate table and display its number Please note that this requires a machine in new and good condition with low vibration values You then edit the measuring point data and in...

Страница 134: ... three parameters are returned when Part 6 is selected In case the different parameters fall into different evaluation zones the large status dot 1 will show the worst case while the small status dots 2 show the individual evaluation Press F1 to see the Measuring result window The spectrum 3 is always a velocity spectrum For spectrum functions in Leonova see part B of this manual Pressing F4 4 tog...

Страница 135: ...ess SHIFT F3 to open Measuring point data Before starting vibration measurements make sure that the vibration transducer you are using with your Leonova is properly selected Default transducers for the vibration techniques are set up via the transducer register Default transducer is the active transducer when Portable transducer is selected under Measuring point data To select a default transducer...

Страница 136: ...ed by selecting a lower and an upper limit 4 Both are menu selected When using the optional function Order tracking 5 the upper frequency is set in orders Please note that correct measurement demands a transducer that is linear over the stated frequency range Abnormally high displacement values can occur when selecting a lower frequency limit that is outside of the transducer s range You can excee...

Страница 137: ...indow has the best frequency resolution but poor amplitude accuracy and high spectral leakage Hanning Hamming The Hanning and Hamming windows are best for random signals These windows have good frequency resolution and also rather fair amplitude accuracy Since the Hanning window also has somewhat lower spectral leakage this window is usually the one to prefer Flat top The Flat top window should be...

Страница 138: ...ty v the amplitude scale is accordingly v2 rms Hz As general advice use Linear or Power spectrum on periodic signals PSD spectrum on non periodic noise signals Number of spectrum lines The number of spectrum lines 2 affects the resolution and the meas uring time Doubling the number of lines also doubles the measuring time In cases where different fault symptoms such as bearing frequen cies and mul...

Страница 139: ...n the FFT instead of the time signal resulting in faster data acquisition time Quick mode can not be combined with enveloping time signal or condition parameters Crest Kurt Skew NL1 to NL4 Average type To achieve greater accuracy one can order the average result 3 from a stated number measure ments average count set on the number pad To get a time synchronous average a tachometer must be connected...

Страница 140: ...rue zoom 1 is selected to get a high resolu tion around a selected centre frequency This frequency must be within the selected frequency range Thus to zoom in on 600 Hz the minimum range is 0 to 1000 Hz The zoom factor can be set to 2 4 8 16 32 or 64 The range covered by the zoom is upper frequency range zoom factor Thus with a zoom factor of 8 the spectrum will cover the range 537 5 662 5 Hz The ...

Страница 141: ...how time signal by pressing Shift F1 After measuring vibration Leonova will display three main condition parameters DISP VEL and ACC as RMS Peak or Peak to Peak Units for the displayed parameters are selected under Time signal unit when defining the assignment under Measuring point data SHIFT F3 The status dots 3 are grey because there are no evaluation criteria for EVAM assignments set up in Leon...

Страница 142: ... Change graph by pressing F3 in the graphics window Pressing F1 Previous and F2 Next toggles between the different graphs The spectrum is displayed in the selected spectrum unit here velocity 1 Pressing F4 2 toggles between Hz CPM and if rpm is measured orders You can choose spectrum type zoom functions time signal and other graphical functions with the function keys See Spectrum functions in part...

Страница 143: ... with a descriptive name Mark the vibration default file 1 with the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys Press SHIFT F2 and select Rename 2 Input as name via the keyboard window and save with ENTER The new name will show up in the measurement window The default file 1 will have the new name after restarting the instrument Select the HD ENV default file 1 and press ENTER to open Press SHIFT F3 to open Measuring p...

Страница 144: ... transducer when measuring an envelope spectrum Number of spectrum lines The number of spectrum lines 4 affects the resolu tion and the measuring time Doubling the number of lines also doubles the measuring time In cases where different fault symptoms such as bearing frequencies and multiples of 1X are close together a high resolu tion spectrum is preferred Symptom enhancement factor The Symptom e...

Страница 145: ... on variable speed machines an RPM trigger can be used to determine when to start a measurement ensuring that it is carried out at an appropriate speed The purpose of Post trigger is to avoid the recording of irrelevant signals that may ultimately cause false alarms It can be used where strong signals can be expected which are process related and not attributed to machine damage RPM trigger will i...

Страница 146: ...the primary value to use for determining the severity of a bearing or gear damage It is also used for triggering alarms in Condmaster In the example two assignments are setup with different fiter settings 500 10 000Hz filter 3 and 5000 40 000Hz filter 4 Both assignments are measured parallel when pressing Measure all 2 The status dots 3 are grey because there are no evaluation criteria for the HD ...

Страница 147: ...and if rpm is measured orders Press F4 to see the HD ENV Time Signal 3 This is extremely useful to locate where in the bearing a possible damage is located In many cases it is also possible to determine the nature of the damage a single crack or spalling all around etc The scale on the y axis is displayed in HD2euE when an enhancement factor is used and HDeu when the factor is off You can choose z...

Страница 148: ... MENU and open Settings SHIFT F3 Select Vibra tion transducers and press F1 OK to open the transducer register 1 Select New 2 with the F1 key then input the following data Press F1 to save the settings and close with the BACK key Name A descriptive name It will be shown on the list of transducers Type Select User defined User defined name Is the name shown in the measurement window Sensitivity The...

Страница 149: ...ngs for the spectrum param eters 5 are Hanning Window Linear FFT type 1600 Spectrum lines Average count 4 and Save time signal and FFT The transducer setting Portable selects the default transducer The transducer data become editable after you switch Transducer 6 from Portable to Remote Save and close the settings window with F4 Press the M S key and then F1 to start the measurement After measurin...

Страница 150: ...E E 28 Vibration measurement ...

Страница 151: ...nbalance 7 Measuring unbalance 8 Four run method 9 Two run method 9 Transducer selection and speed measurement 10 Run without trial weight 11 Trial weight calculation 12 Run s with trial weight 13 Display of results 14 Alternatives for balancing weights 15 Trial run and log 16 Finishing the balancing job 17 Create report 18 ISO balancing standard 1940 1 19 ...

Страница 152: ...F F 2 Rotor balancing ...

Страница 153: ...uires time synchronised vibration measurement trigger pulse supplied by a pulse from the SPM tachometer probe or a proximity switch to find the relative phase angle between the two vibration measurements Please note To get a good result fast the static unbalance must be corrected before starting the balancing procedure with Leonova For all methods a final run can be made to check the balancing res...

Страница 154: ... tachometer probe TTP10 The laser dot from the tachometer probe is directed towards a piece of reflecting tape pasted on the shaft The tape must have a sharp edge NOTE It is very important that the tachometer probe is firmly attached and not moved during the balancing procedure The laser is sensitive to reflections from the shaft especially during measurement at short distance Do not direct the ta...

Страница 155: ...Your selection under Counter rotational degrees affects the way the angles are displayed while balancing When the box is not marked angles are displayed as shown in figure A When the box is marked angles are displayed as shown in figure B Marking Ounce will show all weights in ounces instead of grams Output unit is the transducer output ACC VEL or DISP Rotational 0 90 A Counter rotational 0 90 B ...

Страница 156: ...ration card This data should always be input in the transducer register 3 When several transducers are in use they should be marked e g with serial number to assure that the readings are calibrated While in the Vibration transducers menu press the F4 key Default transducers 4 then select Balancing 5 and press ENTER Choose which transducer to be used as default transducer for balancing measurements...

Страница 157: ...g its circumference If we know the position and weight of this heavy spot we can reduce it by taking away mass or more often put a counterweight on the oppisite side of the rotor For one plane balancing it is assumed that the heavy spot is on the centre line of a narrow rotor or near enough so that it does not matter on which side of the centre line the counter weight is place Position Counter wei...

Страница 158: ...d in the axial direction A Check all three directions For balancing measure in direction H or V whichever yields the highest value Unbalance causes vibration with a frequency of 1X which is the shaft frequency in Hz rpm 60 also called the first order Check that the vibration spectrum has a clearly dominant line at 1X This line is marked in the Leonova balancing spectrum All balancing methods use a...

Страница 159: ...t run the instrument displays the balancing weight in grams ounces and its position in degrees measured from the point where the first trial weight was placed Two run method The two run method work with synchronized vibration measurement This requires a trigger pulse from a tachometer Each measurement starts in exactly the same shaft position The tachometer position becomes part of the reference s...

Страница 160: ...mbers pad Preset or measure it Select Portable RPM transducer when using the Tachometer probe TTP10 or Remote for transducers of type PNP NPN or Keyphasor When Leonova is connected to a stroboscope the setting is normally set to NPN Some types of stroboscopes require the setting of 12V Supply RPM can be measured with two methods 2 synchronized recommended or asynchronized RPM synchronized means th...

Страница 161: ...kwise can be changed by pressing the MENU key and then choose Shift rotation direction Press the F3 function key Spectrum 1 to display the spectrum To set a cursor 2 on the spectrum line at 1X which shows the amount of unbalance press F2 Cursor F1 Cursor A then use the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to move the cursor to the desired position To display machine fault symptoms press SHIFT F4 Symptom then SHI...

Страница 162: ... to create dangerous vibrations To edit the test weight press the F3 function key Edit test weight and use Leonova to calculate a suitable weight 1 The input data are the approximate weight of the rotor and its diameter Input the mass of the trial weight with the number pad 2 Trial weight calculation 1 2 ...

Страница 163: ...mes the 0 position on the rotor All angles are given with this point as a reference For the 4 run method you first measure V1 with the trial weight at 0 then V2 with the weight at 120 and finally V3 with the weight at 240 4 run method menu during third run with trial weight 2 run method menu during run with weight ...

Страница 164: ...ives to adding mass at the indicated spot see next page After completion of a balancing operation the balance quality can be compared to the ISO 1940 1 standard specifying permissible residual balance for rigid rotors Press the F4 ISO 1940 1 2 key to open the function This function is only avaliable for Single plane 2 runs RPM is always measured in this method which is a requirement for the compar...

Страница 165: ...weight Calculate radial position of smaller larger balancing weight known weight Weight removal Show drill hole position Degrees to length change from angle to length measured along the rotor circumference Sum up weights Replace all correction masses on the rotor by one Weight removal Drill hole diameter and depth calculated for various materials Alternatives for balancing weights Leonova calculat...

Страница 166: ... was successful the vibration at 1X should be considerably lower The information in the Applied balancing weight window is optional It will appear in the balancing log file In case you used the proposed weight and position press Copy to log 1 to input the data In the Verification measurement window click Measure to check vibration after balancing 1 ...

Страница 167: ...dditional readings on the machine this alternative will save the result but not close the file Close without saving closes the function without saving any data Open an existing file from the File menu by choosing it and press ENTER The display shows two alternatives 5 Open existing measurement makes it possible to edit data in the file The changes will be stored in the same file New verification m...

Страница 168: ...report 1 Select a balancing file saved under the FILE menu and press OK To print out the report select printer number of copies etc under the Print out menu You can write comments and a header to be added on the report 2 To save the report as a document select Excel file or Word file 3 Write your own comments 4 to be printed in the report 3 2 Create report 4 1 ...

Страница 169: ...ed to the graph described in ISO 1940 1 The balancing result for single plane 2 runs and the result after applying the balancing weight and the trim weight will be plotted into a graph for the selected balance quality grade G1 G2 5 G6 3 or G16 1 The residual unbalance is depending on the actual rotational weight the distance of the balancing weight from the centre of rotation and the speed of the ...

Страница 170: ...F F 20 Rotor balancing ...

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