
13
Glossary
13.1
Filter (lowpass, bandpass, highpass)
You certainly know about filters from optics. If you bring a transparent, red disc into a ray of
light, only red light passes thru the optical filter. Sound filters are quite similar. While a red
filter in the optics only passes red light, a lowpass filter in audio circuits only passes
frequencies below the cutoff frequency. Highpass filters do the opposite. They only pass
frequencies, that are higher than the cutoff frequency. Filters in synthesizer circuits usually
allow for adjusting the cutoff frequency in realtime. The highest audible frequency of a
lowpass filter is set using the cutoff knob. If you set the cutoff frequency to the lowest
frequency, no signal will pass through. On the other hand, if you now switch to highpass
filter operation, the signal comes out of the filter almost unprocessed. Namely, only
frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency are output at the high pass. Since the cutoff
knob is now set to the lowest frequency, the harmonics generated by the oscillator are
above the set frequency. Turning the cut-off knob clockwise will make the sound thinner
and thinner as you cut off the fundamental and lower harmonics with the filter.
In the graph, you can look closely at the behavior of a low-pass filter. To the right of the filter
curve, no signal is allowed through because the filter has its stopband there. Adjusting the
resonance of a filter emphasizes the frequency range that lies around the cutoff frequency,
as shown the drawn peak. Resonance and cutoff frequency are filter parameters that can
be changed via envelopes, LFOs or other modulation signals in a synthesizer.
von
57
63
Gain
Passband
Stopband
CUTOFF
RESONANCE
FREQUENCY
lowpass filter
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