Hach ORBISPHERE K-M1100, Руководство пользователя

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Glossary
Parallel communication
Parallel communication represents a connection in a computer system in which the bits of a byte
are transmitted over separate channels at the same time.
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller. It communicates with other process control components through
data links. It is used in process control for simple switching tasks, PID control, complex data
manipulation, arithmetic operations, timing and process and machine control.
PROFIBUS-DP
The PROFIBUS-DP (Decentralized Peripheral) fieldbus is designed especially for communication
between automation control systems and distributed I/O at the device level. Each DP device has
specific parameters such as device version, baud rate, data format, I/O length, user parameters,
etc. These parameters are stored in a file with .GSD extension.
PROFIBUS-DP
GSD files
The GSD file is provided by the manufacturer and is required for device configuration. A GSD file
is a readable ASCII text file that contains both general and device-specific specifications for
communication (Communication Feature List) and network configuration.
Relative pressure
Relative pressure is the over pressure in a system (i.e. absolute pressure less atmospheric
pressure). This is the customary gauge reading.
Repeatability
The closeness of agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same
measurand carried out under the same measurement conditions. Statistically, repeatability = 2
STD (Standard Deviation) or 2Sigma as it is sometimes called.
Reproducibility
The closeness of agreement between the results of measurements of the same measurand
carried out under changed measurement conditions.
Resistivity
The opposition offered by a body or substance to the passage through it of a steady electric
current.
RS-232
RS-232 is a serial communication standard providing asynchronous communication capabilities
with hardware flow control, software flow control, and parity check. Maximum transmission
distance is up to 15 meters at a max. 20,000 bps. A converter is required to interface RS-232 with
RS-422 or RS-485.
RS-422
RS-422 is intended for point-to-point communications. It provides much longer transmission
distance but less signal line compares to RS-232. RS-422 adopts differential transmission
technology and thus provides high-speed transmission up to 10mbps and maximum transmission
distance up to 1.2km/110kbps.
RS-485
RS-485 is an enhanced version of RS-422 and is used for multipoint communications, meaning
that many devices may be connected to a single signal cable. It is compatible to RS-422 interface
and provides 2 wire bus topology.
Serial communication
Serial communication represents a connection in a computer system in which the bits of a byte
are transmitted sequentially over a single wire.
Single twisted pair
In this version, all devices are connected to a single Twisted Pair. Thus, all of them must have
drivers with tri-state outputs (including the Master). Communication goes over the single line in
both directions. It is important to prevent more devices from transmitting at once (software
problem).
USB
Universal Serial Bus. An external peripheral interface standard for communication between a
computer and external peripherals over a cable using bi-serial transmission. The USB host uses a
type A connector.
TPO and TPA
Total package oxygen (TPO) is a calculated value that combines dissolved and headspace
oxygen (i.e. the mass of oxygen in the liquid plus the oxygen in the headspace, divided by the
volume of liquid in the package). It is the amount of oxygen in a package that can react with the
beverage in that package.
Total package air (TPA) is the same combination but given in air content. This comes from early
wet lab techniques that absorbed the CO
2
of the package. The volume of gas remaining was
called “air”, but which is not strictly correct as the oxygen to nitrogen ratio is not identical to real
air due to the oxygen consumption by sensitive compounds in the beverage.