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8 - SPECIFICATIONS
General specification - Biodiesel fuels - Biodiesel fuels
Biodiesel usage in CASE CONSTRUCTION
products
Introduction to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
(FAME) biodiesel
FAME biodiesel, called biodiesel fuel in the following sec-
tion, consists of a family of fuels derived from vegetable
oils treated with methyl esters.
There are two main biodiesel fuel types: Rapeseed
Methyl Ester (RME) and Soybean Methyl Ester (SME).
RME is a blend of rapeseed and sunflower methyl ester,
and is the preferred crop in Europe. SME is the preferred
crop in the United States.
Biodiesel fuel is a renewable alternative fuel source. Its
use and development is promoted worldwide, especially
in Europe and in the United States.
NOTICE: Your emissions control system is compatible
with up to 20 % biodiesel fuel (B20). Be aware that the use
of biodiesel fuel that does not comply with the standards
mentioned in this section could lead to severe damage to
the engine, fuel system or aftertreatment system of your
machine. The use of non-approved fuels may void CASE
CONSTRUCTION Warranty coverage.
Biodiesel fuel can be used to run diesel engines as pure
biodiesel fuel or when blended with standard diesel fuel:
• B5: indicates the blend of
5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel
fuels.
• B7: indicates the blend of
7 % biodiesel and 93 % diesel
fuels.
• B20: indicates the blend of
20 % biodiesel and 80 %
diesel fuels.
• B100: indicates pure biodiesel, or
100 % biodiesel fuel.
Do not use.
Biodiesel fuel has several positive features in comparison
with diesel fuel:
• Biodiesel fuel adds lubricity to the fuel, which is bene-
ficial in many circumstances, particularly as sulfur and
aromatics are removed from the fuel.
• Biodiesel has a greater cetane number and burns
cleaner.
• Biodiesel produces less particulate matter and reduces
smoke emissions.
• Biodiesel is fully biodegradable and non-toxic.
Diesel and biodiesel fuel specifications
Tier 4a diesel fuel specifications are covered by the
following:
•
ASTM D975-10 , Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Oils. (15 ppm sulfur maximum.)
Biodiesel blends are covered by:
• United
States Diesel Fuel Specification ASTM
D6751-09
A
allows up to 5 % biodiesel since 2009.
United States fuel suppliers are allowed to use up to 5
% biodiesel fuel (B5) to supply the network.
• United States Biodiesel Fuel Specification
ASTM
D7467-09
A
provides specifications for diesel and
biodiesel blends from B5 to B20.
Pure biodiesel (B100) specification is covered by the
following requirements:
•
ASTM D6751-09
A
- Standard specification for biodiesel
fuel blend stock (B100) for middle distillate fuels.
NOTE: ASTM D6751 specification has been updated
to improve the quality of biodiesel in the market place.
Before raw oil can be converted into usable biodiesel
fuel, it must undergo transesterification to remove glyc-
erides.
During the transesterification process, the oil
reacts with an alcohol to separate the glycerine from
the fat or vegetable oil. This process leaves behind two
products: methyl ester (the chemical name for biodiesel)
and glycerine (a byproduct usually sold for use in soaps
or other products).
NOTICE: Biodiesel fuels approved for use in the CASE
CONSTRUCTION equipment must be transesterified and
comply with the North America Standard
ASTM D6751 .
NOTICE: Cold Pressed Biodiesel, Cold Pressed Oil,
Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO), or more generally unre-
fined vegetable oils used as motor fuel, are fuels that are
normally made from Rapeseed oil or similar high oil con-
tent crops. These kinds of fuel are not transesterified, so
they do not fulfil the
ASTM D6751 requirements. There is
no recognized quality standard available for these types
of fuel. Therefore the use of Cold Pressed Biodiesel,
Cold Pressed Oil, Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO), or more
generally unrefined vegetable oils used as motor fuel
are NOT APPROVED at any blend in any CASE CON-
STRUCTION product.
NOTICE: Any engine and fuel injection equipment fitted
to a CASE CONSTRUCTION vehicle found to have run
with any blend of NON-APPROVED fuel (fuel not fulfill-
ing the specification described in the requirement
ASTM
D6751 ) will no longer be covered for Warranty by CASE
CONSTRUCTION.
Biodiesel fuel usage conditions
You must stringently follow the biodiesel fuel usage con-
ditions. Incorrect application of the biodiesel fuel usage
conditions could lead to severe damage to the engine,
fuel injection equipment and aftertreatment system.
The main concerns related to operation with biodiesel
fuels are:
8-15