Ziehm Imaging, Inc. QUANTUM, User Manual, Page: 30 / 220

Section 3.0
MAN 06–0017H
ZIEHM QUANTUM
User’s Manual Page 30 of 220
3.2.2 HAZARDS
3.2.2.1. X-RAY TUBE HOUSING
Tube housings have the following hazards:
1. High voltage . Normal operating voltages can be deadly.
2. Hot oil . Tube housings contain die electric oil which can reach high
temperatures. If the tube housing ruptures due to overload, the oil that leaks out
can cause serious burns.
3. X-ray radiation . X-ray tubes produce x-radiation that is dangerous and
potentially fatal.
3.2.2.2. X-RAY TUBE
The x-ray tube has a stationary anode, with dual focus. Here are some specific
qualities of the x-ray tube:
1. Focal spot size, for fluoroscopy 0.6 mm2
2. Radiography 1.5 mm2
3. Inherent filtration equivalent 110kV > 2.5 mm AL
3.2.2.3. RADIATION WARNING
This equipment produces x-rays, which are dangerous to operators and others in the vicinity, if
relevant safety procedures are not strictly adhered to. Useful and scattered beams can cause
serious or fatal injuries to any persons in the surrounding area if the equipment is used by
unskilled operators. Take appropriate precautions to avoid exposure to the radiation beam, and
radiation leakage from the generator housing.
Only authorized personnel should operate, or direct the operation of, this equipment. Persons
become authorized, in part, by becoming completely familiar with, and adhering to, 21 CFR,
Subchapter J - Radiological Health; and National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP)
document 33 - Medical X-ray and Gamma-Ray Protection for Energies up to 10 MEV:
Equipment Design and Use.
Persons responsible for planning the installation of x-ray equipment must be completely familiar
with, and adhere to, NCRP 49 - Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of
X-rays and Gamma-rays of Energies up To 10 MEV.
Take care to keep patient radiation exposure to a minimum and to use the lowest-possible dose
rates. Maintain the highest possible focus-skin distance. The stipulated minimum focus-skin
distance is 20 cm and is ensured by the design of the generator, with the required special skin
cone. Additional objects in the path of the x-ray (e.g. operating table) will lead to an increase in
radiation dose.
3.2.2.4. PROTECTION-OF STAFF
Staff members who stay within the radiation controlled area must wear X-Ray -protective
clothing.
The radiation controlled area depends upon the size of the Image Intensifier installed and has the
following radius:
−
23 cm Image Intensifier. Requires 4 meter control area .