Toshiba GRZ100-211B, Instruction Manual

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Contents
Safety Precautions 1
1. Introduction 9
2. Application Notes 12
2.1 Power System Protection - Basic Concepts 12
2.1.1 The Function of The Protection Relay 12
2.1.2 Protection Relay Requirements 12
2.1.3 Main Protection and Backup Protection 14
2.1.4 Distance Relay - General Performance 14
2.1.5 Power Swing and Out-of-Step 15
2.2 Principle of Distance Measurement 17
2.2.1 Phase Fault 17
2.2.2 Earth Fault 18
2.3 Multi-Terminal Line Protection 20
2.3.1 Increased Use of Multi-Terminal Lines 20
2.3.2 Protection Problems on Three-Terminal Application 20
2.3.3 Three-Terminal Line Protection 22
2.4 Protection Scheme 24
2.4.1 Time-Stepped Distance Protection 24
2.4.2 Zone 1 Extension Protection 40
2.4.3 Command Protection 43
2.4.4 High-Resistance Earth Fault Protection 60
2.4.5 Overcurrent Backup Protection 67
2.4.6 Thermal Overload Protection 71
2.4.7 Switch-Onto-Fault Protection 73
2.4.8 Stub Protection 75
2.4.9 Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection 76
2.4.10 Broken Conductor Protection 83
2.4.11 Transfer Trip Function 86
2.4.12 Breaker Failure Protection 88
2.4.13 Out-of-Step Protection 91
2.4.14 Voltage Transformer Failure Supervision 93
2.4.15 Power Swing Blocking 95
2.4.16 Tripping Output Signals 99
2.5 Communication System 100
2.5.1 Integral Digital Communication Interface 100
2.5.2 External Communication Interface 110
2.6 Characteristics of Measuring Elements 113
2.6.1 Distance Measuring Elements Z1, Z1X, Z2, ZF, Z3, Z4, ZR1, ZR2, ZND
and PSB
113
2.6.2 Phase Selection Element UVC 121
2.6.3 Directional Earth Fault Elements DEFF and DEFR 122
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