Promise Technology Pegasus R4 Product Manual Download Page 128

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Pegasus R6, R4 Product Manual

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Summary of Contents for Pegasus R4

Page 1: ...PEGASUS R6 R4 Product Manual Version 1 0 ...

Page 2: ...r any other PROMISE Technology product Notice Although PROMISE Technology has attempted to ensure the accuracy of the content of this document it is possible that this document may contain technical inaccuracies typographical or other errors PROMISE Technology assumes no liability for any error in this publication and for damages whether direct indirect incidental consequential or otherwise that m...

Page 3: ...ling the Software 10 OS Support 10 MacBook Pro iMac Software Update 10 Driver Installation Macintosh 11 Software Installation Macintosh 12 Setting up the Pegasus Unit 13 Opening the Promise Utility 13 Unlocking the UI 14 Displaying Multiple Pegasus Units 14 Creating a Disk Array and Logical Drive 15 Formatting your Logical Drive 16 Chapter 3 Management with the Promise Utility 17 Accessing the Pro...

Page 4: ...formation 27 Locating a Subsystem 28 Managing Background Activities 29 Viewing Current Background Activities 29 Viewing Scheduled Background Activities 30 Adding a Scheduled Background Activity 30 Changing a Background Activity Schedule 31 Enabling or Disabling a Scheduled Background Activity 32 Deleting a Scheduled Background Activity 32 Media Patrol 32 Redundancy Check 33 Initialization 33 Rebui...

Page 5: ...for Transport 54 Rebuilding a Disk Array 55 Managing Logical Drives 57 Viewing a List of Logical Drives 57 Viewing Logical Drive Information 58 Viewing Logical Drive Statistics 59 Making Logical Drive Settings 59 Viewing Logical Drive Check Tables 60 Creating a Logical Drive Manually 61 Formatting your Logical Drives 62 Locating a Logical Drive 62 Deleting a Logical Drive 63 Initializing a Logical...

Page 6: ... Drives 92 Definition 92 Options 92 Requirements 92 Transition 93 RAID Controllers 98 Cache Policy 98 Capacity Coercion 98 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 101 Responding to an Audible Alarm 101 Checking LEDs 101 Subsystem LEDs 102 Drive Carrier LEDs 103 Promise Utility 104 Viewing the Event Logs 104 Viewing Runtime Events 104 Viewing NVRAM Events 104 Event Severity Descriptions 105 Physical Drive Proble...

Page 7: ...Incomplete Array 112 Unreadable Disk Warning 114 Subsystem Problems 115 Diagnosing a Subsystem Problem 115 Overheating 116 Power Supply 117 Connection Problems 118 Cables 118 Daisy Chains 119 Chapter 6 Support 121 Contacting Technical Support 121 Limited Warranty 127 Returning Product For Repair 129 Appendix A Updates 131 Updating the Firmware 131 Updating Drivers 133 Updating the Software 134 App...

Page 8: ...Pegasus R6 R4 Product Manual viii ...

Page 9: ...l describes how to setup use and maintain the Pegasus R6 and R4 unit It also describes how to use the Promise Utility software that you install and run on your Macintosh computer This manual includes a full table of contents chapter task lists and numerous cross references to help you find the specific information you are looking for Also included are four levels of notices Note A Note provides he...

Page 10: ... capture devices and a Mini DisplayPort monitor Pegasus has two Thunderbolt ports as required for daisy chaining Key Benefits Thunderbolt 10 Gb s data connection PMC Sierra 8011 I O processor 512 MB of DDR2 SDRAM memory Promise Utility management tool Compatible with Apple Time Machine R6 six SATA 3 5 inch hard disk drives 6 TB or 12 TB raw capacity R4 four SATA 3 5 inch hard disk drives 4 TB or 8...

Page 11: ...hout expansion R6 6 TB or 12 TB raw capacity R4 4 TB or 8 TB raw capacity Data capacity with expansion up to 72 TB RAID level support RAID 0 1 1E 5 6 and 10 Unicode file name support Power Supply 250W Flex ATA Power with 80 Plus Bronze with PFC 100 230V auto ranging 50 60Hz AC Error logging Hardware monitoring of Temperature Operating 5 to 35 C 41 to 95 F Humidity Operating 10 to 85 percent Dimens...

Page 12: ...ook Pro iMac Software Update 1 5 Utility OS Support The following client operating systems support the Promise Utility Mac OS 10 6 and higher MacBook Pro iMac Software Update 1 5 Certifications Environmental EuP Directive N ROHS WEEE Safety CB UL cUL CE LVD PSE BSMI RCM Electo magnetic Interference CB EMC FCC CE EMC VCCI PSE BSMI C tick RCM ...

Page 13: ...g items Pegasus R4 or R6 Unit Quick Start Guide Hard disk drives Six in R6 four in R4 Power cord 1 5m Warning The electronic components within the Pegasus unit are sensitive to damage from Electro Static Discharge ESD Observe appropriate precautions at all times when handling the Pegasus unit or its subassemblies Warning The fan contains hazardous moving parts Keep fingers and other body parts awa...

Page 14: ... 6 Figure 1 Pegasus R4 front view The R6 is similar Figure 2 Pegasus R4 back view The R6 is similar Drive Carrier Drive Power Status LED Drive Activity LED Power Button LED Thunderbolt Link LEDs Power Connection Thunderbolt Ports ...

Page 15: ... Mini Display extension cables cannot be used to connect data devices such as Pegasus to Thunderbolt enabled computers Mini Display extension cables can only be used to connect display devices to Pegasus If you have multiple Pegasus units connect the remaining Thunderbolt port on the first unit to either Thunderbolt port on the second unit Power cable Thunderbolt ports Thunderbolt port Thunderbolt...

Page 16: ...mputer to one of the Thunderbolt ports on the first Pegasus unit 2 Connect a second Thunderbolt cable from other Thunderbolt port on the first Pegasus unit to one of the Thunderbolt ports on the second Pegasus unit See Figure 4 Figure 4 Thunderbolt daisy chain connections Thunderbolt cable iMac shown as an example Thunderbolt ports Pegasus unit 2 Pegasus unit 1 Thunderbolt ports Thunderbolt ports ...

Page 17: ...egasus unit When fully booted The Power Button LED turns blue The drive carrier Power Status LEDs turn blue Figure 5 Pegasus R4 front view The R6 is similar The Connection LEDs turn blue when there is a proper connection on that Thunderbolt port Shutting down the Pegasus To shut down the Pegasus unit Press and hold the Power Button until the Power Button LED turns red When you release the Power Bu...

Page 18: ... check your software version 1 On the MacBook Pro or iMac desktop click the Apple icon and choose Software Update from the dropdown menu The Software Update dialog box opens See page 11 Figure 6 2 Look for MacBook Pro iMac Software Update 1 5 If MacBook Pro iMac Software Update 1 5 appears in the list click the Install Items button and wait for the installation to finish If MacBook Pro iMac Softwa...

Page 19: ...Install dialog box appears 4 Click the Install button The password dialog box appears 5 Type your password in the field provided and click the OK button The Confirmation dialog box appears to inform you that you must restart your computer when installation is done 6 Click the Continue Installation button to begin installation In a few moments the Install Succeed dialog box appears 7 Click the Rest...

Page 20: ...stall button The password dialog box appears 5 Type your password in the field provided and click the OK button In a few moments the Install Succeed dialog box appears 6 Click the Close button to quit the installer The installer adds a Promise Utility icon to the Applications folder The Promise Utility loads automatically every time Mac OS X starts Your computer is ready to manage the Pegasus unit...

Page 21: ... the Pegasus manually Pegasus set up involves three steps 1 Opening the Promise Utility below 2 Creating a Disk Array and Logical Drive page 15 3 Formatting your Logical Drive page 16 Opening the Promise Utility To open the Promise Utility double click the Promise Utility icon in the Macintosh Dock right The Promise Utility window opens and displays the Dashboard Figure 7 Promise Utility Dashboard...

Page 22: ...puter password into the Password field and click the OK button The lock icon changes to open and you can now add and delete logical drives make settings run background activities and update your Pegasus system Displaying Multiple Pegasus Units The Promise Utility displays a separate window for each Pegasus unit connected by Thunderbolt cable and powered up To view a list of the Pegasus units click...

Page 23: ...Pegasus units by the order in which they are recognized not by the cable configuration Creating a Disk Array and Logical Drive To create your disk array and logical drive look at the Dashboard window under System Status click the Disk Array link See page 15 Figure 9 Figure 9 Disk Array link on the Dashboard The Wizard dialog box opens with three configuration methods See Figure 10 ...

Page 24: ...ng the Wizard Automatic or Express options your logical drives are always formatted automatically When you create your logical drives using the Wizard Advanced option the Format option is enabled by default When the Promise Utility has finished the partition and format operation new removable drive icons each representing one logical drive appear on your desktop right When you see the icon your lo...

Page 25: ... connection between your computer and the Pegasus unit See Connecting to your Mac Computer on page 7 The Promise Utility must be installed onto your computer before you can use it See Installing the Software on page 10 Accessing the Promise Utility Accessing the Promise Utility includes Opening and Closing below Unlocking the UI page 18 Opening To open the Promise Utility double click the Promise ...

Page 26: ...romise Utility window click the closed lock icon The password dialog box opens 2 Type your Mac computer password into the Password field and click the OK button The lock icon changes to open and you can now add and delete logical drives make settings run background activities and update your Pegasus system Locking the UI To lock the UI click the open lock icon The lock icon changes to closed and y...

Page 27: ...for Updates Preferences Services Hide Quit View Show Hide Toolbar Customize Toolbar Devices Pegasus units Dashboard Show the Dashboard Device Front and Back Views Component List Physical Drive List Storage Wizard Disk Array List Logical Drive List Spare Drive List Admin Subsystem Pegasus unit Information Events Background Activities Firmware Update Restore Factory Default settings Window Minimize ...

Page 28: ...ars 2 Do one or both actions are needed Click and drag an icon from the dialog box to the toolbar to add the icon Click and drag an icon from the toolbar to delete the icon 3 When you are finished click the Done button Displaying Multiple Pegasus Units The Promise Utility displays a separate window for each Pegasus unit connected by Thunderbolt cable and powered up To view a list of the Pegasus un...

Page 29: ...s Items with an asterisk are adjustable under Making Subsystem Settings below Making Subsystem Settings To make subsystem settings 1 Do one of the following actions Click the Subsystem Information icon From the Admin menu choose Subsystem Information 2 Click the Settings button 3 Make changes as required Enter an alias or change the existing alias in the field provided 4 Click the Save button Clea...

Page 30: ...o their default values 1 From the Admin menu choose Restore Factory Default 2 In the Restore Factory Default settings screen check the boxes beside the settings you want to reset to default value Background activity settings Controller settings Physical drive settings Subsystem settings 3 Click the Submit button 4 In the Confirmation box type the word confirm in the field provided and click the Co...

Page 31: ...controller information 1 Do one of the following actions Click the Dashboard icon then click the Controller link From the Device menu choose Component List 2 Mouse over and click the controller then click the View button Controller information includes 3 Click the Advanced Information tab Controller ID Vendor Operational Status Cache Usage Percentage Part Number Hardware Revision SCSI Protocol Sup...

Page 32: ...er statistics include 4 Click the X icon to close the information panel Memory Type Flash Type NVRAM Type Preferred Cache Line Size Coercion NVRAM Size SMART Write Back Cache Flush Interval Enclosure Polling Interval Forced Read Ahead cache Memory Size Flash Size NVRAM Size Cache Line Size Coercion Method Preferred Cache Line Size SMART Polling Interval Write Through Mode Adaptive Writeback Cache ...

Page 33: ...MART Polling Interval Enter a value into the field 1 to 1440 minutes 1440 minutes 24 hours Enable Coercion Check the box to enable or uncheck to disable Coercion Method Choose a method from the dropdown menu GBTruncate 10GBTruncate GrpRounding TableRounding Write Back Cache Flush Interval Enter a value into the field 1 to 12 seconds Enclosure Polling Interval 15 to 255 seconds 4 Click the Save but...

Page 34: ...isable 4 Click the Save button Testing the Buzzer The buzzer must be enabled to perform this procedure To test the buzzer 1 Do one of the following actions Click the Dashboard icon then click the Controller link From the Device menu choose Component List 2 Mouse over and click the buzzer then click the Sound button Silencing the Buzzer To silence the buzzer 1 Do one of the following actions Click ...

Page 35: ...s Enclosure ID Enclosure Type Enclosure Warning Temperature Threshold Enclosure Critical Temperature Threshold Controller Warning Temperature Threshold Controller Critical Temperature Threshold Max Number of Controllers Max Number of Physical Drive Slots Max Number of Fans Max Number of Blowers Max Number of Temperature Sensors Max Number of Power Supply Units Max Number of Voltage Sensors Items w...

Page 36: ...tion panel Locating a Subsystem If you have multiple Pegasus units and you want to verify which unit you are accessing in the Promise Utility use the Locate function To locate a subsystem 1 Do one of the following actions Click the Dashboard icon then click the Controller link From the Device menu choose Component List 2 Mouse over and click the Subsystem then click the Locate button The Drive Pow...

Page 37: ...ound activities perform a variety of preventive and remedial functions on your physical drives disk arrays logical drives and other components You can run a background activity immediately or schedule it to run at a later time Scheduling options are described below Setting options for each activity are listed after the scheduling options These settings determine how the background activity affects...

Page 38: ...Spare Check Choose a Start Time from the dropdown menus The menus have a 24 hour clock Choose a Recurrence Pattern option daily weekly or monthly For the Daily option enter an interval in the Every field For the Weekly option enter an interval in the Every field and choose one or more days of the week For the Monthly option choose Day of the Month option or a sequential and specific day from the d...

Page 39: ...l Redundancy Check Spare Check Choose a Start Time from the dropdown menus The menus have a 24 hour clock Choose a Recurrence Pattern option daily weekly or monthly For the Daily option enter an interval in the Every field For the Weekly option enter an interval in the Every field and choose one or more days of the week For the Monthly option choose Day of the Month option or a sequential and spec...

Page 40: ...This Schedule box to disable this schedule Check the box to enable this schedule 5 Click the Save button To return to currently running background activities click the Background Activities button Deleting a Scheduled Background Activity To delete a scheduled background activity 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities 2 Click the Scheduler button The list of scheduled background appears...

Page 41: ...ck on a Logical Drive on page 64 Making Redundancy Check Settings To make Redundancy Check settings 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities 2 Click the Settings button 3 Click the Redundancy Check Rate dropdown menu and choose a rate Low Fewer system resources to Redundancy Check more to data read write operations Medium Balances system resources between Redundancy Check and data read w...

Page 42: ...sk array you are actually rebuilding the data on one physical drive When a physical drive in a disk array fails and a spare drive of adequate capacity is available the disk array begins to rebuild automatically using the spare drive If there is no spare drive of adequate capacity but the Auto Rebuild function is ENABLED the disk array begins to rebuild automatically as soon as you remove the faile...

Page 43: ...ity of a logical drive See Migrating a Logical Drive on page 65 and RAID Level Migration on page 84 Making Migration Settings To make migration settings 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities 2 Click the Settings button 3 Click the Migration Rate dropdown menu and choose a rate Low Fewer system resources to Migration more to data read write operations Medium Balances system resources b...

Page 44: ...ned block threshold range is 1 to 512 blocks Error block threshold range is 1 to 2048 blocks 4 Click the Confirm button 5 Click the X icon to close the background activities panel Transition Transition is the process of replacing a revertible spare drive that is currently part of a disk array with an unconfigured physical drive or a non revertible spare drive See Running a Transition on a Spare Dr...

Page 45: ...t says Synchronized A Yes means the logical drive was synchronized See Viewing Logical Drive Information on page 58 Making Synchronization Settings To make Synchronization settings 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities 2 Click the Settings button 3 Click the Background Synchronization Rate dropdown menu and choose a rate Low Fewer system resources to Synchronization more to data read ...

Page 46: ...rives To view a list of physical drives in the Pegasus unit do one of the following actions Click the Physical Drive icon From the Device menu choose Physical Drive Physical drive information includes ID ID number of the physical drive Status Normal Stale or PFA Dead Model Make and model of the drive Type SATA HDD or SSD Location Enclosure number and slot number Configuration Array number and sequ...

Page 47: ...are Version Firmware version on the drive Protocol Version ATA ATAPI protocol version 3 Click the Advanced Information tab Advanced information for physical drives includes Write Cache Enabled or disabled Read Look Ahead Cache Enabled or disabled SMART Feature Set Yes or No SMART Self Test Yes or No SMART Error Logging Yes or No Command Queuing Support TCQ or NCQ Command Queuing Enabled or disable...

Page 48: ...e Request Number of requests Read I O Request Number of requests Write I O Request Number of requests Statistics Start Time Time and date Statistics Collection Time Time and date To clear physical drive statistics see Clearing Statistics on page 21 4 Click the X icon to close the settings panel Viewing Physical Drive SMART Log Information To view physical drive SMART Log information 1 Do one of th...

Page 49: ...ating the physical drive and is supported by RAID subsystems and JBOD expansion units To locate a physical drive 1 Do one of the following actions Click the Physical Drive icon From the Device menu choose Physical Drive 2 Mouse over and click the physical drive you want then click the Locate button The Drive Power Status LED for the drive carrier holding that drive blinks blue and orange for one m...

Page 50: ...e or delete the alias in the Alias field Choose Unconfigured or PassThru Configuration Unconfigured drives are not visible to your computer Use them to make disk arrays PassThru drives are visible to your computer and are configured as individual drives They cannot be used to make a disk array 4 Click the Save button 5 Click the X icon to close the settings panel Making Physical Drive SMART Log Se...

Page 51: ...st click removes the Stale condition Click the Clear button a second time to remove the PFA condition Forcing a Physical Drive Offline This feature applies only to physical drives assigned to disk arrays To force a physical drive offline 1 Do one of the following actions Click the Physical Drive icon From the Device menu choose Physical Drive 2 Mouse over and click the physical drive you want then...

Page 52: ...ol on your physical drives 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over Media Patrol and click the Start button Pausing and Resuming a Media Patrol To pause or resume a Media Patrol 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over Media Patrol and click the Pause or Resume button S...

Page 53: ...e of the following actions From the Dashboard window click the Disk Array link From the Storage menu choose Disk Array The list of disk arrays appears Each disk array lists ID DA0 DA1 etc Alias If assigned Status Normal Degraded Incomplete physical drive missing Capacity Data capacity of the array Free Capacity Unconfigured or unused capacity on the physical drives Media Patrol Enabled or disabled...

Page 54: ...ber of spare drives dedicated to this array Available RAID Levels RAID levels that this disk array can support Creating a Disk Array Manually This feature creates a disk array only You can also use the Wizard to create a disk array with logical drives and spare drives at the same time To create a disk array 1 Do one of the following actions From the Dashboard window click the Disk Array link From ...

Page 55: ...n it See Creating a Logical Drive Manually on page 61 Creating a Disk Array and Logical Drive with the Wizard A disk array is the method of organizing the hard disk drives or solid state drives in the Pegasus unit A logical drive is created on a disk array The logical drive is where your computer saves files on the Pegasus The Promise Utility includes a Wizard to help you set up a disk array logic...

Page 56: ...sed configuration click the Submit button The Wizard creates your disk array and logical drive If you have a Pegasus R6 the Wizard also creates a spare drive If you do NOT agree with the proposed configuration click the Dashboard icon click the Click here to create one link and then click either the Express or Advanced button Method User Options Suggested for users who are See Page Automatic None ...

Page 57: ... Performance The highest possible read write speed Spare Drive A hot spare drive Pegasus R6 only Mixing SATA SAS Drive Not applicable 4 In the Number of Logical Drives field type the number of logical drives you want to make from this disk array Pegasus supports 1 to 32 logical drives 5 From the Application Type dropdown menu choose an application that best describes your intended use for the logi...

Page 58: ...llowing actions If you accept these parameters click the Submit button The Wizard creates your disk array and logical drives If you have a Pegasus R6 the Wizard also creates a spare drive If you do NOT accept these parameters click the Back button then review and modify your choices ...

Page 59: ...his array For more information see PDM on page 73 2 In the Select Physical Drives diagram click the drives to add them to your array The drive carriers turn blue when you click them The physical drives ID numbers appear in the field below the diagram 3 Click the Next button to continue The Create Logical Drive screen displays Task 2 Logical Drive Creation To create your logical drive 1 Enter your ...

Page 60: ...or each of the following items accept the default or change the settings as required Check the Revertible box if you want a revertible spare drive A revertible spare drive returns to its spare drive assignment after you replace the failed physical drive in the disk array and run the Transition function Global Can be used by any disk array Dedicated to newly created disk array The disk array you ar...

Page 61: ...ns From the Dashboard window click the Disk Array link From the Storage menu choose Disk Array 2 Mouse over and click the disk array you want then click the Settings button 3 Make setting changes as required Enter change or delete the alias in the Alias field Maximum of 32 characters letters numbers space between characters and underline Media Patrol Check to enable uncheck to disable on this arra...

Page 62: ...vided and click the Confirm button Preparing a Disk Array for Transport This feature prepares the physical drives that make up the disk array to be removed from the enclosure and installed in a different location To prepare a disk array for transport 1 Do one of the following actions From the Dashboard window click the Disk Array link From the Storage menu choose Disk Array 2 Mouse over and click ...

Page 63: ... you must replace Performing a Manual Rebuild To perform a manual rebuild 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities 2 Mouse over Rebuild and click the Start button 3 From the Source Physical Drive dropdown menu choose a Source disk array and physical drive Arrays have an ID No Physical drives have a Seq No sequence number 4 From the Target Physical Drive dropdown menu choose a Target phys...

Page 64: ...enu choose Background Activities 2 Mouse over Rebuild and click the Pause or Resume button Stopping a Rebuild To stop means to cancel a Rebuild 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities 2 Mouse over Rebuild and click the Stop button 3 Click the Confirm button Also see Making Rebuild Settings on page 34 ...

Page 65: ...ge 63 Redundancy Check on a Logical Drive page 64 Migrating a Logical Drive page 65 Running PDM on a Logical Drive page 66 Viewing a List of Logical Drives To view a list of logical drives do one of the following actions Click the Logical Drive icon From the Storage menu choose Logical Drive The list of logical drives appears Logical drive information includes ID LD0 LD1 etc Alias If assigned Stat...

Page 66: ...city Data capacity of the physical drives Number of Physical Drives The number of physical drives in the disk array Stripe size Set at logical drive creation Read Policy ReadCache ReadAhead or None Sector size Set at logical drive creation Write Policy WriteThru or WriteBack Current Write Policy May change from WriteBack to WriteThru under certain conditions Preferred Controller ID Not applicable ...

Page 67: ...ed In megabytes Read Data Transferred In megabytes Write Data Transferred In megabytes Errors Non Read Write Errors Read Errors Write Errors I O Requests Non Read Write I O Requests Read I O Requests Write I O Requests Statistics Start Time Statistics Collection Time 4 Click the X icon to close the statistics panel To clear physical drive statistics see Clearing Statistics on page 21 Making Logica...

Page 68: ...eck tables 1 Do one of the following actions Click the Logical Drive icon From the Storage menu choose Logical Drive The list of logical drives appears 2 Mouse over and click the logical drive you want then click the Check Table button 3 Choose an option All All errors The default choice Read Check Read errors for this logical drive Write Check Write errors for this logical drive Inconsistent Bloc...

Page 69: ...he defaults or make changes Optional Enter an alias in the Alias field Maximum of 32 characters letters numbers space between characters and underline Choose a RAID level The choice of RAID levels depends the number of physical drives in the disk array In the Capacity field accept the default maximum capacity or enter a lesser capacity and size in MB GB or TB Any remaining capacity is available fo...

Page 70: ...ou UNchecked the Format box you must format your logical drives manually See Formatting Logical Drives on page 90 When the Promise Utility has finished the format operation new removable drive icons each representing one logical drive appear on your desktop right When you see the icon your logical drive is ready to use Your logical drives are ready to use Locating a Logical Drive This feature caus...

Page 71: ...tializing a Logical Drive Initialization is normally done to logical drives after they are created from a disk array To initialize a logical drive 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over Initialization and click the Start button 3 Check the box to the left of the logical drive you want to initialize 4 Choose the initialization optio...

Page 72: ...ion 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over Initialization and click the Stop button 3 In the Confirmation box type the word confirm in the field provided and click the Confirm button Redundancy Check on a Logical Drive Redundancy Check is a routine maintenance procedure for fault tolerant disk arrays those with redundancy that ensu...

Page 73: ...amine your current disk array to determine whether The physical drives in your array can support the target RAID level There is sufficient capacity to accommodate the target logical drive size If you need to add physical drives to your array be sure there are unassigned physical drives are installed in your RAID system before you begin migration See Migration on page 35 RAID Levels on page 75 and ...

Page 74: ...atically copies your data to a spare drive before the drive fails and your logical drive goes Critical PDM can be triggered automatically by Media Patrol See PDM on page 35 To run PDM on a logical drive 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over PDM and click the Start button 3 Choose a Source Physical Drive The Source Physical Drive i...

Page 75: ...oose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over PDM and click the Pause or Resume button Stopping PDM To stop is to cancel PDM 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over PDM and click the Stop button 3 Click the Confirm button ...

Page 76: ...e Drive information displays including ID Spare0 Spare1 etc Status Normal Rebuilding Failed or missing Configurable Capacity Usable capacity of the spare drive Physical Drive ID ID number of the physical drive chosen for this spare Revertible Yes or No Spare Type Global or Dedicated Dedicated to Array ID number of the disk array to which the spare is dedicated Viewing Spare Drive Information To vi...

Page 77: ...se the information panel Creating a Spare Drive Manually This feature creates a spare drive only You can also use the Wizard to create a disk array with logical drives and spare drives at the same time See Spare Drives for more information For more information on settings options see Spare Drives on page 92 To create a spare drive 1 Do one of the following actions From the Dashboard window click t...

Page 78: ... and click the spare drive you want then click the Settings button 3 Accept the default or change the settings as required In the Revertible dropdown menu choose Yes or No In the Spare Type dropdown menu choose Global or Dedicated If you use chose a Dedicated spare check the box beside the disk array to which this spare drive is assigned 4 Click the Save button Running Spare Check Spare Check veri...

Page 79: ...tly part of a disk array with an unconfigured physical drive or a non revertible spare You must specify an unconfigured physical drive of the same or larger capacity and same media type as the revertible spare drive Also see Transition on page 36 and page 93 Running a Transition To run a transition on a revertible spare drive 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of backgroun...

Page 80: ...The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over Transition and click the Pause or Resume button Stopping Pausing or Resuming a Transition To stop is to cancel a Transition 1 From the Admin menu choose Background Activities The list of background activities appears 2 Mouse over Transition and click the Stop button 3 Click the Confirm button ...

Page 81: ...nd spare drive settings however that action is not recommended Unlike Synchronization and Redundancy Check Media Patrol is concerned with the condition of the media itself not the data recorded on the media If Media Patrol encounters a critical error it triggers PDM if PDM is enabled on the disk array Media Patrol has three status conditions Running Normal You can access your logical drives at any...

Page 82: ...reates a map around it These maps are saved in the bad sector remapping table which have a capacity of 512 reassigned blocks and 2048 error blocks See PDM on page 35 You can specify the maximum levels for the reassigned and error blocks in PDM settings When the table fills to a specified value PDM triggers a migration of data from the suspect drive the disk drive with the bad sectors to a replacem...

Page 83: ...ocks of data are interleaved between the sectors of multiple physical drives Performance is increased since the workload is balanced between drives or members that form the logical drive Identical drives are recommended for performance as well as data storage efficiency Figure 1 RAID 0 Striping interleaves data across multiple drives The disk array s data capacity is equal to the number of disk dr...

Page 84: ... the data is broken down into blocks and each block is written to a separate disk drive I O performance is greatly improved by spreading the I O load across many channels and drives No parity calculation overhead is involved Not a true RAID because it is not fault tolerant The failure of just one drive results in all data in an disk array being lost Should not be used in mission critical environme...

Page 85: ...Moreover if a spare physical drive is present the spare drive is used as the replacement drive and data begins to mirrored to it from the remaining good drive Figure 2 RAID 1 Mirrors identical data to two drives The logical drive s data capacity equals the smaller physical drive For example a 100 GB physical drive and a 120 GB physical drive have a combined capacity of 100 GB in a mirrored logical...

Page 86: ...cial Any application requiring very high availability Advantages Disadvantages Simplest RAID storage subsystem design Can increase read performance by processing data requests in parallel since the same data resides on two different drives Very high disk overhead uses only 50 of total capacity ...

Page 87: ...l drives unlike RAID 1 and RAID 10 You can also create a RAID 1E Logical Drive with an even number of physical drives However with an even number of drives you obtain somewhat greater security with comparable performance using RAID 10 RAID 1E logical drives consist of three or more physical drives You can create an array with just two physical drives and specify RAID 1E But the resulting array is ...

Page 88: ...cal drives minus one Hence a RAID 5 logical drive with four 100 GB physical drives has a capacity of 300 GB A RAID 5 logical drive with two 120 GB physical drives and one 100 GB physical drive has a capacity of 200 GB RAID 5 is generally considered to be the most versatile RAID level A RAID 5 on Pegasus R4 consists of three or four physical drives A RAID 5 on Pegasus R6 consists of three to six ph...

Page 89: ...he number of physical drives increases RAID 6 provides double fault tolerance Your logical drive remains available when up to two physical drives fail RAID 6 is generally considered to be the safest RAID level A RAID 6 on Pegasus R4 consists of four physical drives A RAID 6 on Pegasus R6 consists of four to six physical drives Recommended Applications for RAID 6 Accounting and Financial Database s...

Page 90: ... pair of disk drives Some applications refer to this method as RAID 0 1 Figure 6 PROMISE RAID 10 starts with a data stripe then mirrors it The data capacity RAID 10 logical drive equals the capacity of the smallest physical drive times the number of physical drives divided by two In some cases RAID 10 offers double fault tolerance depending on which physical drives fail RAID 10 arrays require an e...

Page 91: ...Imaging applications Database servers General fileserver Advantages Disadvantages Implemented as a mirrored disk array whose segments are RAID 0 disk arrays High I O rates are achieved thanks to multiple stripe segments Very high disk overhead uses only 50 of total capacity ...

Page 92: ...rives than the Source disk array If the Target disk array requires an EVEN number of physical drives but the Source disk array has an ODD number ADD a physical drive as part of the migration process You cannot reduce the number of physical drives in your disk array even if the Target disk array requires fewer physical drives than the Source disk array RAID 1 mirroring works with two drives only On...

Page 93: ...hysical drives minimum maximum 4 R4 or 6 R6 RAID 0 must have less than 4 R4 or 6 R6 physical drives If existing physical drives have no unused space add 1 or more physical drives RAID 6 4 physical drives minimum 4 R4 or 6 R6 If existing physical drives have no unused space add 1 or more physical drives RAID 10 4 physical drives minimum Even number of physical drives If existing physical drives hav...

Page 94: ...4 R4 or 6 R6 physical drives If existing physical drives have no unused space add 1 or more physical drives RAID 10 4 physical drives minimum Even number of physical drives If existing physical drives have no unused space add 1 or more physical drives Target Requirements RAID 0 None RAID 1E None RAID 5 Add physical drives Maximum of 4 R4 or 6 R6 RAID 6 4 physical drives minimum maximum of 4 R4 or ...

Page 95: ...ou must specify RAID 10 for the target logical drive See Migrating a Logical Drive on page 65 Target Requirements RAID 6 Add physical drives Maximum of 4 R4 or 6 R6 Target Requirements RAID 0 None RAID 1E None RAID 5 3 physical drives minimum maximum of 4 R4 or 6 R6 RAID 10 must have less than 4 R4 or 6 R6 physical drives RAID 6 4 physical drives minimum maximum of 4 R4 or 6 R6 The RAID 10 logical...

Page 96: ...al drive in the disk array Selecting a larger value slows read write performance because physical drives with smaller cache buffers need more time for multiple accesses to fill their buffers If your data retrieval consists of fixed data blocks such as with some database or video applications then you should choose that size as your Stripe Size If you do not know the cache buffer or fixed data bloc...

Page 97: ...attern such as all zeros The action is useful because there may be residual data on the logical drives left behind from earlier configurations For this reason Initialization is recommended for all new logical drives See Initializing a Logical Drive on page 63 Caution When you initialize a logical drive all the data on the logical drive is lost Backup any important data before you initialize a logi...

Page 98: ...finished the format operation new removable drive icons each representing one logical drive appear on your desktop right When you see the icon your logical drive is ready to use Wizard Advanced or Manual Creation When you create your logical drives using the Wizard Advanced option the Format option is enabled by default When the Promise Utility has finished the format operation new removable drive...

Page 99: ...s User Manual To format your logical drives using the computer s disk utility you must create your logical drives using the Wizard Advanced option or create your logical drives manually and you must UNcheck the Format box See Creating a Disk Array and Logical Drive with the Wizard on page 47 and Creating a Logical Drive Manually on page 61 To format your logical drives using the computer s disk ut...

Page 100: ...r a spare drive System Options Revertible Returns to its spare drive assignment after you replace the failed physical drive in the disk array and run the Transition function Media Patrol By default Media Patrol runs on spare drives unless you disable it Spare Type Global Can be used by any disk array Dedicated Can be used only by the assigned disk array Media Type type of physical drive Hard Disk ...

Page 101: ...ysical drive or a non revertible spare The revertible spare drive returns to its original status Transition happens automatically when the following sequence of events takes place You create a revertible spare drive See Creating a Spare Drive Manually on page 69 A physical drive assigned to your disk array fails and the array goes critical or degraded Pegasus automatically rebuilds your array to t...

Page 102: ...ive Physical drives 1 2 3 and 4 belong to the disk array Physical drive 5 remains unconfigured Physical drive 6 is a revertible spare drive If a physical drive fails in a disk array and there is a spare drive of adequate capacity available the controller automatically rebuilds the array using the spare 1 2 3 4 5 6 Spare Drive Array Drives 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rebuild to Spare Failed Drive ...

Page 103: ... complete the spare drive has replaced the failed drive In this example failed drive 3 was replaced by spare drive 6 The disk array now consists of physical drives 1 2 4 and 6 There is no spare drive at this moment Even if physical drive 5 is of adequate capacity it has not been designated as a spare therefore the controller cannot use it as a spare 1 2 3 4 5 6 Array Drives ...

Page 104: ... to drive 3 Returns drive 6 to spare status When the Automatic Transition is finished physical drives 1 2 3 and 4 belong to the disk array and physical drive 6 is a revertible spare drive The original configuration is restored Manual Transition If you wanted to use the drive in slot 5 as a member of the disk array rather than the drive in slot 3 you would run the Transition function manually See R...

Page 105: ...cal drives 1 2 4 and 5 belong to the disk array and physical drive 6 is a revertible spare drive At this point you would replace the drive in slot 3 The new drive in slot 3 remains unconfigured until you assign it to a disk array or as a spare 1 2 3 4 5 6 Spare Drive Array Drives ...

Page 106: ... read cache and predictive pre fetch feature are enabled Read ahead anticipates the next read and performs it before the request is made Can increase read performance No Cache The read cache is disabled Write Cache Policy Write Back Data is written first to the cache then to the logical drive Better performance Pegasus has a cache backup battery to protect data in the cache from a sudden power fai...

Page 107: ...on also affects a replacement drive used in a disk array Normally when an physical drive fails the replacement drive must be the same capacity or larger However the capacity coercion feature permits the installation of a replacement drive that is slightly smaller within 1 gigabyte than the remaining working drive For example the remaining working drives can be 80 5 GB and the replacement drive can...

Page 108: ...Pegasus R6 R4 Product Manual 100 ...

Page 109: ...wo beeps not repeated The Pegasus is powering up or ready Two beeps continuously repeated The Pegasus reports a problem When you boot Pegasus unit the buzzer beeps twice to acknowledge power up and twice again when the unit is online and ready for work If you hear the repeating two beep pattern check the following items System Status LED below Drive Carrier LEDs page 103 Checking LEDs When you boo...

Page 110: ...system LEDs are the Power Button and the Thunderbolt ports Figure 1 Subsystem LEDs State Power Button Thunderbolt LEDs Dark No power No connection Blue Normal Normal Flashing Blue Activity Orange Booting or shutting down Power Button LED Connection LEDs Right Left ...

Page 111: ...ssion of rebuilding and failed physical drives for more information The Locator feature is triggered from the Promise Utility It causes the LEDs to blink orange and blue for one minute That action helps you find the specific drive See Locating a Physical Drive on page 41 Figure 3 Locate feature on a drive carrier Drive Carrier LEDs State Power Status Drive Activity Dark No power No drive in carrie...

Page 112: ...Begins with 0 at system startup Device Disk Array Logical Drive Physical Drive by its ID number Event ID Hexadecimal identifier of the event Severity lowest to highest Information Warning Minor Major Critical and Fatal Time Date and time the event happened Description A description of the event in plain language Viewing NVRAM Events This screen displays a list of and information about 63 most impo...

Page 113: ...ion of the event in plain language Event Severity Descriptions Level Meaning Fatal Non Recoverable error or failure has occurred Critical Action is needed now and the implications of the condition are serious Major Action is needed now Minor Action is needed but the condition is not a serious at this time Warning User can decide whether or not action is required Information Information only no act...

Page 114: ...Physical Drive icon 2 Mouse over and click the physical drive you want then click the View button Look under Operational Status for the condition of the physical drive Offline Check the drive for PFA Condition Caused by a bad block or sector See Note 1 below Stale Condition Caused by obsolete array information on the physical drive See Note 2 below Drive Failed or Dead The physical drive cannot be...

Page 115: ...hysical drive displays a red X icon in the Promise Utility and a red Power Status LED on the drive carrier Figure 5 Failed physical drive Check the failed drive then obtain a replacement drive of the same Type Hard disk drive HDD or solid state drive SSD Interface SATA 3 Gb s or 6 Gb s Spin speed 7 200 RPM or 15 000 RPM Capacity Equal size or larger You do not have to install the identical make an...

Page 116: ... swings out 2 Grasp the handle and gently pull the drive carrier out of the Pegasus unit and place it onto a static free surface 3 Remove the four mounting screws then slide the failed drive out of the carrier Release button Drive carrier handle Mounting screw Mounting screw Mounting screw Mounting screw Drive carrier handle Physical drive ...

Page 117: ...ive Warning Message If you see messages that says ajar HDD from the backplane you must reseat the physical drives To reseat the physical drives 1 On the Pegasus unit press and hold the Power Button LED until it turns red See page 102 Figure 1 2 Wait until the Power Button LED goes dark 3 For each drive carrier press the Release button pull the drive carrier part way out of the unit then press the ...

Page 118: ... of the physical drives in a disk array fails The operational status of the disk array becomes Critical The operational status of the logical drives becomes Critical or Degraded The operational status of the physical drive becomes Dead or Offline The Promise Utility reports these conditions in the following places Dashboard icon A yellow icon beside the disk arrays logical drives and physical driv...

Page 119: ...ard icon A red X icon appears beside the disk arrays logical drives and physical drives under System Status Physical Drive icon Physical drives are shown Dead Offline or Missing Logical Drive icon Disk Array and Logical Drives are marked with a red X icon Event icon Major event for the logical drive and a Warning event for the physical drive Under Background Activities no Rebuild takes place See R...

Page 120: ... menu choose Background Activities 2 Mouse over Rebuild and click the Start button 3 From the Source Physical Drive dropdown menu choose a Source disk array and physical drive Arrays have an ID No Physical drives have a Seq No sequence number 4 From the Target Physical Drive dropdown menu choose a Target physical drive 5 In the Confirmation box type the word confirm in the field provided and click...

Page 121: ...rray Click the Cancel button to reject the incomplete array Before you accept the incomplete array be sure all of the physical drives are present and that their drive carriers are properly installed into the subsystem See Replacing a Physical Drive on page 107 If you choose to accept the incomplete array 1 Click OK in the incomplete array dialog box 2 Check the operational status of the logical dr...

Page 122: ...egasus logical drive because the Promise Utility formats your logical drives automatically If the warning message appears try using the computer s disk utility to REPAIR the problem logical drive For more information see the utility s online help or the computer s User Manual If the disk utility cannot repair the logical drive contact Technical Support for advice and assistance See page 121 Cautio...

Page 123: ...red X appears in the System Status box 1 Click the name link of the component with the red X icon Figure 7 System Status box on the Dashboard The list containing the problem component displays In the case of a high temperature issue shown in the example above the Component List displays 2 For physical drives disk arrays logical drives and spare drives mouse over the component with the red X icon a...

Page 124: ...ler The smaller fan cools power supply Cooling fans are not field replaceable If there is any problem with a cooling fan contact Technical Support to make arrangements for a repair Figure 8 Pegasus cooling fans Inadequate Air Circulation Air circulation around the Pegasus unit might be a more complex problem Check for these conditions Accumulated dust or objects blocking the fans Less than a minim...

Page 125: ...s red The Promise Utility displays the message Unable to connect to the device Wait at least one hour then restart the Pegasus unit Press the Power Button The Pegasus boots within a few seconds Power Supply The power supply used in the Pegasus unit is not field replaceable If there is any problem with the power supply contact Technical Support to make arrangements for a repair See page 121 ...

Page 126: ...y or corroded A connector is loose or damaged A cable looks OK outside but has an open circuit inside The wrong cable was used See the Note below Be sure to use approved cables because They are the proper ones for your system They are sold in brand new condition Note Mini Display extension cables cannot be used to connect data devices such as Pegasus to Thunderbolt enabled computers Mini Display e...

Page 127: ...n If you shut down a Pegasus unit in the chain that unit and those below it are effectively disconnected from your computer See Figure 9 Figure 9 Thunderbolt daisy chain connections iMac shown as an example Thunderbolt ports Pegasus unit 2 Pegasus unit 1 Cable computer to Pegasus unit If you shut down Pegasus unit 1 your connection to Pegasus unit 2 is lost Cable Pegasus unit to Pegasus unit ...

Page 128: ...Pegasus R6 R4 Product Manual 120 ...

Page 129: ...have the following information available Product model and serial number BIOS firmware and driver version numbers A description of the problem situation System configuration information including motherboard and CPU type hard drive models SAS SATA ATA ATAPI drives devices and other controllers United States 580 Cottonwood Drive Milpitas Ca 95035 USA Apple Pre Sales 1 408 228 1400 Option 2 Apple Su...

Page 130: ...ail apple promise com Technical Support E Support https support promise com Web site http www promise com apple Austria Apple Pre Sales Toll Free Phone 0830 to 1700 0800 295 731 Apple Support Toll Free Phone 0830 to 1700 0800 295 731 Apple Support Toll Free Phone After Hours English only 0800 295 731 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Support https support promise com Web site...

Page 131: ...0 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Support https support promise com Web site http www promise com apple Switzerland ITF Apple Pre Sales Toll Free Phone 0830 to 1700 0800 562 898 Apple Support Toll Free Phone 0830 to 1700 0800 562 898 Apple Support Toll Free Phone After Hours English only 0800 562 898 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Support https supp...

Page 132: ...ly 0800 26425 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Support https support promise com Web site http www promise com apple United Kingdom Apple Pre Sales Toll Free Phone 0830 to 1700 0800 587 1068 Apple Support Toll Free Phone 0830 to 1700 0800 587 1068 Apple Support Toll Free Phone After Hours English only 0800 587 1068 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Supp...

Page 133: ...4x7 English only 00798 14 800 7784 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Support https support promise com Web site http www promise com apple Hong Kong Apple Pre Sales Toll Free Phone 24x7 English only 800 933 480 Apple Support Toll Free Phone 24x7 English only 800 933 480 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Support https support promise com Web site http www...

Page 134: ... ku Tokyo 113 0033 Japan Apple Pre Sales Toll Free Phone 24x7 English only 0066 3384 9021 Apple Support Toll Free Phone 24x7 English only 0066 3384 9021 Apple Sales Email apple promise com Technical Support E Support https support promise com Web site http www promise com apple ...

Page 135: ...pecifications for the product c accident misuse negligence misapplication abuse natural or personal disaster or maintenance by anyone other than a PROMISE or a PROMISE authorized service center Disclaimer of other warranties This warranty covers only parts and labor and excludes coverage on software items as expressly set above Except as expressly set forth above PROMISE DISCLAIMS any warranties e...

Page 136: ...standing the failure of the essential purpose of the foregoing remedy and regardless of whether PROMISE has been advised of the possibility of such damages PROMISE is not an insurer If you desire insurance against such damage you must obtain insurance from another party Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages for consumer products so the above li...

Page 137: ...uct covered by the warranty do not ship cables manuals diskettes etc with a copy of your proof of purchase to You must follow the packaging guidelines for returning products Use the original shipping carton and packaging Include a summary of the product s problem s Write an attention line on the box with the RMA number Include a copy of proof of purchase Important Obtain an RMA number from Technic...

Page 138: ...duct s PROMISE may replace defective parts with new or reconditioned parts or replace the entire unit with a new or reconditioned unit In the event of a replacement the replacement unit will be under warranty for the remainder of the original warranty term from purchase date or 30 days whichever is longer PROMISE will pay for standard return shipping charges only You will be required to pay for an...

Page 139: ...PROMISE support http www promise com support and save it to your computer The image file name has an img image suffix 2 Verify that no background activities are running on the Pegasus unit 3 Click the Dashboard icon and look at the System Status panel If any background activity is running it is reported here 4 Click the link to view the Background Activities window Here you can view the current ac...

Page 140: ...de Flash Image Status to verify that the image file is validated 5 Click the Submit button The Confirm dialog box appears 6 Type confirm into the field provided and click the Confirm button The progress of the update displays When the update is completed a message tells you to reboot the system 7 Click the OK button 8 On the Pegasus unit press and hold the Power Button LED until it turns red See p...

Page 141: ...mputer The driver installer file name has a pkg package suffix 2 Double click the driver installer icon right The Welcome dialog box appears 3 Click the Continue button The Install dialog box appears 4 Click the Install button The password dialog box appears 5 Type your password in the field provided and click the OK button The Confirmation dialog box appears to inform you that you must restart yo...

Page 142: ...puter The software installer file name has a pkg package suffix 2 Double click the Promise Utility installer icon right The Welcome dialog box appears 3 Click the Continue button The Install dialog box appears 4 Click the Install button The password dialog box appears 5 Type your password in the field provided and click the OK button In a few moments the Install Succeed dialog box appears 6 Click ...

Page 143: ...e GPL for the exact terms and conditions of this license at www gnu org The GPL source code incorporated into the product is available for free download at our web site www PROMISE com support download download_eng asp Subject to GPL you may re use re distribute and modify the GPL source code Note that with respect solely to the GPL Software no warranty is provided we do not offer direct support f...

Page 144: ...Pegasus R6 R4 Product Manual 136 ...

Page 145: ...ity coercion explained 98 setting 25 change RAID level 65 84 check table logical drive 60 clear PFA condition 43 stale condition 43 statistics 21 client OS support 4 10 controller alias 25 information 23 statistics 24 create disk array 15 logical drive 15 spare drive 69 D daisy chain 8 119 dedicated spare drive 92 delete logical drive 63 spare drive 71 dimensions 3 disk array alias 53 create autom...

Page 146: ...tem 21 initialization logical drive 63 settings 34 install driver 11 software 12 L LED drive activity 103 drive power status 103 list logical drives 57 spare drives 68 locate disk array 53 logical drive 62 subsystem 28 lock the UI 14 18 logical drive check tables 60 create automatically 15 create manually 61 delete 63 expand 65 format 16 90 information 58 initialize 63 list 57 locate 62 migrate 65...

Page 147: ... read cache 98 rebuild disk array 34 55 112 manual 55 112 settings 34 Redundancy Check logical drive 64 settings 33 replace a physical drive 107 requirements for spare drives 92 restore default settings 22 revertible spare drive 92 runtime event log 104 S settings background activities 29 buzzer 26 disk array 53 initialization 34 logical drive 59 Media Patrol 33 migration 35 PDM 36 rebuild 34 Redu...

Page 148: ...ains 119 disk array critical 110 disk array offline 111 drive carrier LEDs 103 incomplete array 112 logical drive critical 110 logical drive offline 111 multiple Pegasus units 119 troubleshooting cont NVRAM events 104 physical drives 106 Promise utility 104 rebuild disk array or logical drive 112 repair disk array or logical drive 111 runtime events 104 subsystem LEDs 102 subsystem problems 115 un...

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