GR
ȈȣȝʌȜȘȡȦȝĮIJȚțȒȆȜȒȡȦıȘȝİȌȣțIJȚțȩ
ȈȣȝʌȜȘȡȦȝĮIJȚțȒȆȜȒȡȦıȘȝİȌȣțIJȚțȩ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒIJȘȢİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠįİȞʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİIJĮȚ
ıIJȘ ȝȠȞȐįĮ ȥȣțIJȚțȩ ȣȖȡȩ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ İʌȑțIJĮıȘ IJȘȢ ıȦȜȒȞȦıȘȢ ȈȣȞİʌȫȢ ıİ țȐșİ
ıȪıIJȘȝĮ ıȦȜȒȞȦıȘȢ ȥȣțIJȚțȠȪ ȣȖȡȠȪ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıIJȓșİIJĮȚ İʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ ȥȣțIJȚțȩ
ȣȖȡȩ ıIJȠ ȤȫȡȠ IJȘȢ İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȢ ǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ ȖȚĮ IJȘ įȚİȟĮȖȦȖȒ IJȘȢ ıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
İȚıĮȖȐȖİIJİIJȠȝȑȖİșȠȢțĮȚIJȠȝȒțȠȢțȐșİıȦȜȒȞĮȣȖȡȠȪțĮșȫȢțĮȚIJȚȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢ
IJȠȣıȣȝʌȜȘȡȦȝĮIJȚțȠȪȥȣțIJȚțȠȪȣȖȡȠȪıIJĮĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮțİȞȐIJȘȢʌȜĮțȑIJĮȢ³ȆȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȥȣțIJȚțȠȪȣȖȡȠȪ´ıIJȘȞİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȝȠȞȐįĮ
ȊʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȩȢȖȚĮIJȘıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȝİİʌȚʌȜȑȠȞȥȣțIJȚțȩ
ȊʌȠȜȠȖȓıIJİIJȘȞİʌȚʌȜȑȠȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢȕȐıİȚIJȠȣȝİȖȑșȠȣȢIJȠȣıȦȜȒȞĮ
ȣȖȡȠȪțĮȚIJȠȣȝȒțȠȣȢIJȘȢİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢıȦȜȒȞȦıȘȢ
ȊʌȠȜȠȖȓıIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢȝİİʌȚʌȜȑȠȞȥȣțIJȚțȩȣȖȡȩĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȘ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌȠȣİȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚıIJĮįİȟȚȐțĮȚıȣȝʌȜȘȡȫıIJİȝİIJȠİʌȚʌȜȑȠȞȥȣțIJȚțȩȣȖȡȩ
īȚĮʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢȝȚțȡȩIJİȡİȢĮʌȩNJıIJȡȠȖȖȣȜȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȑȞȘʌȠıȩ
-
IJȘIJĮıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢȝİİʌȚʌȜȑȠȞȥȣțIJȚțȩȣȖȡȩ
īȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮĮȞȘȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȑȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢİȓȞĮȚNJıIJȡȠȖ
-
ȖȣȜȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢıIJĮNJ
ǼȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȘȢıȦȜȒȞȦıȘȢȥȣțIJȚțȠȪȣȖȡȠȪ
ǼȡȖĮıȓİȢȈȦȜȘȞȫıİȦȞǹʌȠȤȑIJİȣıȘȢ
ȈȪȞįİıȘıȦȜȒȞĮĮʌȠȤȑIJİȣıȘȢİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚĮʌȠȤİIJİȣIJȚțȒıȦȜȒȞȦıȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞȠʌȒȒIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮʌȠıIJȡȐȖȖȚıȘȢʌȡȠĮȚȡİIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
ȅʌȒĮʌȠıIJȡȐȖȖȚıȘȢ
3$&6*'6(
ǻȠȤİȓȠĮʌȠıIJȡȐȖȖȚıȘȢ
3$&6+'3(
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ
1
īȚĮIJĮIJİȤȞȚțȐʌȡȩIJȣʌĮʌȠȣȚıȤȪȠȣȞȩıȠȞĮijȠȡȐȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢ
țĮȜȦįȚȫıİȦȞțĮȚȖȚĮȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȡȠȢIJȚȢİʌȚȤİȚȡȒıİȚȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȘȜİțIJȡȚıȝȠȪĮțȠ
-
ȜȠȣșİȓIJİIJȚȢıȤİIJȚțȑȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞİțįȠșİȓĮʌȩIJȚȢĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤİȢțȡĮIJȚțȑȢ
ȣʌȘȡİıȓİȢ
2
ǾțĮȜȦįȓȦıȘʌȠȣȖȓȞİIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȘıȪȞįİıȘIJȦȞȠȡȖȐȞȦȞİȜȑȖȤȠȣİijİȟȒȢșĮĮȞĮ
-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚȦȢțĮȜȦįȓȦıȘȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞ¶ĮʌȑȤİȚFPȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠĮʌȩIJȘȞ
țĮȜȦįȓȦıȘIJȘȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢʌȘȖȒȢȫıIJİȞĮȝȘȞİʌȘȡİȐȗİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩ
șȩȡȣȕȠʌȠȣʌĮȡȐȖİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJĮıȪȡȝĮIJĮIJȘȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢʌȘȖȒȢǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
ʌİȡȞȐIJİIJĮțĮȜȫįȚĮȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢȝȑıĮıIJȠȞȓįȚȠĮȖȦȖȩĮʌȩIJȠȞȠʌȠȓȠʌİȡȞȐIJİIJĮ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐțĮȜȫįȚĮ
3
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȩIJȚȖȚĮIJȘȞİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȝȠȞȐįĮijșȚȐȤȞİIJİȤȦȡȚıIJȒțĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȒ
İȡȖĮıȓĮȖİȓȦıȘȢ
4
ȉĮțĮȜȫįȚĮʌȠȣıȣȞįȑȠȞIJĮȚȝİIJĮțȠȣIJȚȐIJȦȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝİȡȫȞIJȘȢİıȦIJİȡȚțȒȢ
țĮȚİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȤĮȜĮȡȐțĮȚȝİʌȡȩıșİIJȠȝȐțȡȠȢȀĮȝȚȐ
ijȠȡȐIJĮțȠȣIJȚȐȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞȖȚĮȞĮįȚİȣțȠȜȪȞȠȞIJĮȚȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
5
ȉĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐțĮȜȫįȚĮįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚʌȠIJȑȞĮıȣȞįȑȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠȞʌȓȞĮțĮȝİIJȠȣȢĮțȡȠ
-
įȑțIJİȢʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȘıȪȞįİıȘIJȦȞțĮȜȦįȓȦȞȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢIJĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐ
ȝȑȡȘșĮțĮȠȪȞ
6
īȚĮIJȘȞțĮȜȦįȓȦıȘȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțȜȦȞĮȝȠȞȦȝȑȞĮțĮȜȫįȚĮǼȐȞ
IJĮțĮȜȫįȚĮȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȫȞıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞıȣȞįİșȠȪȞıIJȠȓįȚȠʌȠȜȪțȜȦȞȠ
țĮȜȫįȚȠșĮȣʌȐȡȤİȚĮȞİʌĮȡțȒȢȝİIJȐįȠıȘțĮȚȜȒȥȘıIJȠȚȤİȓȦȞȝİĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ
IJȘȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞİȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓİȢ
ǾȜİțIJȡȚțȑȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢ
7
īȚĮIJȘȝİIJȐįȠıȘʌȡȠȢțĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȝȠȞȐįĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮıȣȞįȑȠȞIJĮȚȝȩȞȠ
IJĮțĮȜȫįȚĮȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢʌȠȣțĮșȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ȀĮȜȦįȓȦıȘ ȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢ ȖȚĮ IJȘ ıȪȞįİıȘ ȝİ IJȘȞ İıȦIJİȡȚțȒ ȝȠȞȐįĮ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ
IJİȡȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ȉǺ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ıȣȞįȑıİȚȢ IJȦȞ țĮȜȦįȓȦȞ ȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢDZȜȜİȢ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ
IJİȡȝĮIJȚțȫȞȉǺȖȚĮțİȞIJȡȚțȩȑȜİȖȤȠ
ȁĮȞșĮıȝȑȞİȢıȣȞįȑıİȚȢȑȤȠȣȞıĮȞĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮIJȘȝȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠȣıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ
8
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘıȪȞįİıȘȢȝİȝȘȤĮȞȚıȝȩİȜȑȖȤȠȣʌȡȫIJȘȢțĮIJȘȖȠȡȓĮȢȒȩIJĮȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ıȣȜȜȠȖȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞȝİįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȩȥȣțIJȚțȩĮʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚțĮȜȦįȓȦıȘ
İȜȑȖȤȠȣȝİIJȐįȠıȘȢȝİIJĮȟȪțȐșİȝȓĮȢİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢ
ȈȣȞįȑıIJİ ĮȣIJȒ IJȘȞ țĮȜȦįȓȦıȘ İȜȑȖȤȠȣ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ ʌȚȞȐțȦȞ IJİȡȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ȖȚĮ
țİȞIJȡȚțȩȑȜİȖȤȠțȜȦȞĮțĮȜȫįȚĮȤȦȡȓȢʌȠȜȚțȩIJȘIJĮ
ǵIJĮȞ ȑȤİIJİ ıȣȜȜȠȖȚțȒ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ ıȣıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ȝİ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȩ ȥȣțIJȚțȩ ȤȦȡȓȢ
ıȪȞįİıȘıİȝȘȤĮȞȚıȝȩİȜȑȖȤȠȣʌȡȫIJȘȢțĮIJȘȖȠȡȓĮȢĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȠıȣȞįİIJȚțȩ
İȚıĮȖȦȖȒȢȕȡĮȤȣțȣțȜȫȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȩIJȠ&1ȝȓĮȢİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢıIJȠ&1
9
ǾȠȝĮįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȡȣșȝȓȗİIJĮȚȝİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠȣIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚȠȣ
0
ȀĮIJȐIJȘıȪȞįİıȘIJȠȣȀǿȉȈȊȃǻǼȈǾȈ3$&/90-țĮȚȝȚĮȢİıȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢ
IJȘȢıİȚȡȐȢ0ĮȞĮIJȡȑȟIJİıIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠİȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȢIJȠȣȀǿȉȈȊȃǻǼȈǾȈ
ǾİȚțȩȞĮıIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐįİȞİȓȞĮȚʌĮȡȐ
ȑȞĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮȉȠıȤȒȝĮIJȘȢȕĮȜȕȓ
-
įĮȢįȚĮțȠʌȒȢȘșȑıȘIJȘȢșȣȡȓįĮȢıȣ
-
ȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢțȜʌİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌȠȚțȓȜȜȠȣȞ
ĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİȝȩȞȠIJȠIJȝȒȝĮ
A
.
ȂȘȞıijȓȖȖİIJİȐȜȜȠIJĮIJȝȒȝĮIJĮ
A
țĮȚ
B
.)
C
ȈȦȜȒȞĮȢʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢ
D
ĬȣȡȓįĮıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȂȑIJȡĮĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢʌȜȒ
-
ȡȦıȘȢ)LJ
ȂȘȞıijȓȖȖİIJİʌȐȡĮʌȠȜȪIJȘșȣȡȓįĮıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞİȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘțĮșȫȢȝʌȠ
-
ȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡĮȝȠȡijȦșİȓțĮȚȞĮȤĮȜĮȡȫıİȚȠʌȣȡȒȞĮȢIJȘȢȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢȝİĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ
IJȘįȚĮȡȡȠȒĮİȡȓȠȣ
ǹijȠȪIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİIJȠIJȝȒȝĮ
B
ʌȡȠȢIJȘıȦıIJȒțĮIJİȪșȣȞıȘʌİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİȝȩȞȠIJȠ
IJȝȒȝĮ
A
țĮȚıijȓȟIJİIJȠ
ǹijȠȪıijȓȟİIJİIJȠIJȝȒȝĮ
A
ȝȘȞıijȓȖȖİIJİȐȜȜȠIJĮIJȝȒȝĮIJĮ
A
țĮȚ
B
.
)LJ
ȆĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮ!
ȂȠȞIJȑȜȠİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢ 3
$ ¡ P
ǼıȦIJİȡȚțȒȝȠȞȐįĮ
3N:
D ¡ P
3N:
E ¡ P
3N:
F ¡ P
3N:
G ¡ P
3N:
H ¡ P
ȠıȣȞȠȜȚțȩȝȒțȠȢțȐșİȖȡĮȝȝȒȢȣȖȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚȦȢİȟȒȢ
¡$ P
¡D P
¡EFGH P
ǾıȣȞȠȜȚțȒȤȦȡȘIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮIJȘȢıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘȢİıȦIJİȡȚțȒȢȝȠȞȐįĮȢȑȤİȚȦȢİȟȒȢ
ȆĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȠȪ!
ȆȠıȩIJȘIJĮıȣȝʌȜȘȡȦȝĮIJȚțȠȪȥȣțIJȚțȠȪ
0İIJȚȢ
ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ
ıȣȞșȒțİȢ
ȈȣȝʌȜȘȡȦȝĮIJȚțȩȥȣțIJȚțȩ!
ȊʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȩȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢȝİȥȣțIJȚțȩȣȖȡȩ
ȂȑȖİșȠȢıȦȜȒȞĮ
ȈȦȜȒȞĮȢȣȖȡȠȪ
+
ȂȑȖİșȠȢıȦȜȒȞĮ
ȈȦȜȒȞĮȢȣȖȡȠȪ
+
ȂȑȖİșȠȢıȦȜȒȞĮ
ȈȦȜȒȞĮȢȣȖȡȠȪ
+
ȈȣȞȠȜȚțȒȤȦȡȘIJȚțȩ
-
IJȘIJĮıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȦȞ
İıȦIJİȡȚțȫȞȝȠȞȐįȦȞ
ȆȠıȩIJȘIJĮȖȚĮ
IJȚȢİıȦIJİȡȚțȑȢ
ȝȠȞȐįİȢ
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ø12,7
±N:
NJ
(m)
u
JP
(m)
u
JP
(m)
u
JP
±N:
NJ
N:±
NJ
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IJȘȢıȣȞȠȜȚțȒȢȚıȤȪȠȢ
ȆȠıȩIJȘIJĮ ȥȣțIJȚțȠȪ ȣȖȡȠȪ ʌȠȣ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİIJĮȚ țĮIJȐ IJȘȞ ĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒ Įʌȩ IJȠ
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ʌȠȣʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİIJĮȚ
NJ
60
î
î
50,0
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1000
1000
1000