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Performing Time Domain Measurements

General Theory

Chapter 4

81

An alternative method of obtaining time-domain characterization of a device is to make the
measurement directly in the time domain by synthesizing a step waveform, applying it to the
device, and observing the response on an oscilloscope. The advantages of using the
measurement approach for TDR data are listed below.

While the traditional TDR measurement technique provides fast measurement speed, the
measurement technique used by the multiport test system provides:

• Superior accuracy

• Significantly better dynamic range (important for crosstalk and mode-conversion terms)

• Ability to de-embed fixtures and signal launchers

• Access to both frequency and time domain information (as vector quantities)

• Single setup for forward and reverse transmission and reflection, single-ended,

differential-, and common-mode, and mode-conversion terms

• No need for DUT to have DC return path

• No large voltage steps applied to DUT

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Summary of Contents for N4413A

Page 1: ... Technologies N4413A N4414A N4415A N4416A N4417A N4418A N4419A and N4421A Multiport Test Sets with N4425A Balanced Measurement Software Part Number N4413 90001 Printed in USA February 2003 Supersedes April 2002 Copyright 2001 2003 Agilent Technologies Inc all rights reserved ...

Page 2: ...ble law Agilent disclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing use or performance of this document or any in...

Page 3: ...document uses a few conventions to make reading easier Menu and dialog box items are shown in bold face type When described in text menus and sub menus are separated by right arrows as in File Open Data Dialog box names are shown in italic font Keyboard entries are shown in mono spaced typeface Network analyzer keys are displayed in FRQGHQVHG EROG font ...

Page 4: ...iv ...

Page 5: ...m Hardware 18 Attach the Network Analyzer to the Multiport Test Set 20 To Connect the RF Cables between the Multiport Test Set and the Network Analyzer 23 To Set the GPIB Addresses 38 How to Install and Start the Balanced Measurement Software 39 How to Calibrate 40 Triggers to Calibrate 40 Starting a Calibration 41 How to Perform Electronic Calibration 42 How to Characterize Adapters 44 How to Int...

Page 6: ...fined Equations 66 How to Calculate the VSWR of a Test Port 67 How to Calculate Impedance Looking into a Device Port 68 How to Calculate the Gain of a Transimpedance Amplifier 70 How to Measure Simultaneous Conjugate Match of a Differential 2 Port Device 71 How to Measure Simultaneous Conjugate Match of a Device with One Single Ended and One Differential Port 74 How to Check Test Cable Repeatabili...

Page 7: ...e Data 101 File Save Cal 102 File Import Citifile 102 File Import Import S4P 102 File Import Import S3P 102 File Import Import S2P 102 File Export Citifile 103 File Export MMICAD 103 File Export Libra 105 File Export Ansoft 106 File Export Tab Delimited Text 107 File Print 107 File Exit 109 Setup Menu 110 Setup All 110 Setup Meas Parameters 110 Setup Cal Kit Selection 112 Setup Adapter Usage 113 S...

Page 8: ...Display Delete Page 143 Data User Defined Display View Equations 144 Data Transforms Disable Transforms 144 Data Transforms 2 Balanced Ports 144 Data Transforms 2 Single Ended 1Balanced Port 145 Data Transforms 1 Single Ended 1 Balanced Port 145 Data Transforms 1 Balanced Port 145 Data Display Visible 145 Data Reset Display to Default Config 145 Data Display Acquisition Info 146 Data Clear All Dat...

Page 9: ...el 176 N4417A Front and Rear Panel 180 N4418A Front and Rear Panel 184 N4419A Front and Rear Panel 188 N4421A Front and Rear Panel 192 Specifications and Characteristics 196 Power Supply Requirements 196 Environmental Operating Conditions 196 Physical Characteristics 197 8 Safety and Regulatory Information 199 General Information 200 Cleaning 200 Positioning the System for Use 200 Shipment for Ser...

Page 10: ...Contents x A Other Technical Procedures 209 Waveguide Characterization Procedure 211 IF Gain Adjustment 212 Adjustment Test 212 ...

Page 11: ...1 1 About the Multiport Test System ...

Page 12: ...ultiport test system consists of an Agilent network analyzer an Agilent multiport test set a system controller PC running the balanced measurement software and interconnect cabling Combining a unique multiport hardware architecture with a fast multiple term calibration algorithm the multiport test system provides true multiport vector error correction while preserving the accuracy of the underlyin...

Page 13: ... 4112A 50 MHz to 6 0 GHz 8753Cc D E ES c 8753C requires firmware revision 4 13 or above 006d 011 d Option 006 required only for operation above 3 GHz 1D5 002 010 075 N4414Ab 300 kHz to 6 0 GHz N4415Ab 30 kHz to 6 0 GHz 8753ES 006d 014 1D5 002 010 075 H16 N4416Ab 300 kHz to 6 0 GHz E8356Ae 7Ae 8A e When the Multiport Test Set is used with this network analyzer model the maximum system frequency is ...

Page 14: ...1D5 High Stability Frequency Reference 400 Four Sampler Test Set H32 Front panel access to A and B samplers and Port 1 and Port 2 switch and coupler H42 8719 8720 only Front panel access to all samplers and Port 1 and Port 2 switch and coupler installs options 400 and 012 H44 8722 only Front panel access to R1 R2 A and B samplers and Port 1 and Port 2 switch and coupler ports installs options 400 ...

Page 15: ...m has configuration options Your packing list provides details of the hardware and software provided for your system configuration As a minimum the following will be provided with each standard system Agilent two or four port multiport test set Balanced measurement software on CD ROM User s guide Interconnect cabling ...

Page 16: ... 82350 or National Instruments any 1024 x 768 video in at least 256 colors with small fonts S O L T Calibration Kits Agilent N4430A Electronic Multiport Calibration Module 6 GHz Agilent N4430B Electronic Multiport Calibration Module 9 GHz Agilent 85032B E Type N dc 6 GHz Agilent 85033D 3 5 mm dc 6 GHz Agilent 85050B C 7 mm dc 18 GHz Agilent 85052D 3 5 mm dc 26 5 GHz Agilent 85056A 2 4 mm dc 50 GHz...

Page 17: ...nectivity to the Agilent 8722D ES with Option H32 or Option H44 includes precision 3 5 mm to 2 4 mm adapters and custom RF interface cables N4418A only Option 1CP Rack Mount Flange Kit Option 1E1 Source step attenuator N4414A only Option B20 Set of 4 test port cables Option UNL 1 Integrated 70 dB x 10 dB step attenuator 4 Integrated 0 5 Amp bias tees N4413A only Accessories N4430A Electronic Multi...

Page 18: ...About the Multiport Test System Available Options and Accessories Chapter 1 8 ...

Page 19: ...9 2 User Interface ...

Page 20: ...n 16 S parameter thumbnails are displayed For the 3 port measurement selection 9 S parameter thumbnails are displayed For the 2 port measurement selections 4 S parameter thumbnails are displayed For each display the plot or chart type scaling and other parameters can be assigned individually See Individual Measurement Screens on page 14 Display parameters can also be easily copied from one display...

Page 21: ... display is selected as shown above See Individual Measurement Screens on page 14 To display an individual measurement screen For 2 port Displays Hold the Alt key down and double left click the measurement thumbnail plot that you want to display For 3 and 4 port Displays Double left click the measurement thumbnail plot that you want to display 3 Parameter Set Selection Choose Frequency Domain Time...

Page 22: ...ee How to Make Measurements on page 47 7 Continuous Sweep performs the next measurement with continuous sweeps Click the STOP button to stop continuous measurements NOTE If Continuous Sweep is enabled Measure Count does not increment 8 Use the DEVICE and SN boxes to the right to enter information about the device under test This information is saved with the DUT data set and appears in printouts a...

Page 23: ...ge 54 Marker Indicators See How to Use Markers on page 50 An arbitrary reference impedance non 50Ω has been selected in Setup on at least one port The data has been modified for a non 50Ω reference impedance on at least one port Frequency zooming or point skipping has been applied and a subsequent measurement has been made creating a new set of calibration data Frequency zooming or point skipping ...

Page 24: ...nd Imaginary Figure 2 Individual Measurement Screen Click BACK to return to the previous display Right click the shaded area of the display to open the display properties box See How to Use Markers on page 50 and How to Use Frequency Zoom on page 54 for information on how to use the property box options Double left click the shaded area to open the Print Annotation dialog box See File Print on pag...

Page 25: ...thods described below the display returns to this configuration Double left click the display area to zoom in on the data in the vertical axis Double right click the display area to zoom out on the data in the vertical axis Zooming in this fashion occurs concentrically around the cursor position If you want to zoom relative to another reference line for instance move the cursor there first Left bu...

Page 26: ...es will change To edit a scale parameter directly double left click on the parameter to open a dialog box at the parameter s location as shown on the left side of Figure 3 enter the new value and press the Enter key Select the close button to cancel Changing the Scale Parameters of Smith Polar Chart Displays When you first open an individual display or select a plot type Smith Chart or Polar Chart...

Page 27: ...17 3 Using the Multiport Test System ...

Page 28: ...em components as needed Connections between test set and the network analyzer See To Connect the RF Cables between the Multiport Test Set and the Network Analyzer on page 23 for the interconnect diagram applicable to your test set GPIB connections between the host computer the test set and the network analyzer See To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 Test cable connections to the test set Use phas...

Page 29: ...nalyzer from the System menu click Service then Adjustments then IF Gain Adjustment If you are unable to find these selections on your N8362A N8364A PNA your analyzer firmware is a revision prior to 3 0 Follow the instructions in IF Gain Adjustment on page 212 to complete this adjustment b Select the test set options installed c No connections to the test ports are required d Click Begin Adj The a...

Page 30: ...te the installation Attaching the E8364A B Network Analyzer to the N4421A Test Set The E8364A B network analyzer is attached with the N4421A test set using lock links at the front and locking feet at the rear This hardware is supplied with the N4421A test set Preparing the Network Analyzer 1 Remove the four feet from the bottom of the network analyzer 2 Remove the screws from the two lower rear pa...

Page 31: ...e using eight screws Attaching the Network Analyzer to the Test Set 6 Place the network analyzer on top of the test set ensuring that the front frame of the network analyzer is positioned slightly forward of the lock links that are attached to the the test set Then slide the network analyzer back so the lock links engage the front frame of the analyzer ...

Page 32: ...ween the two pairs of locking feet one on each side of the instrument as shown below If the screw holes between the network analyzer s lower locking feet are not aligned with the screw holes in the test set s upper locking feet loosen the screws securing the feet to the instruments slightly to align 8 Tighten all screws 9 Return to How to Set Up the Multiport Test System Hardware on page 18 to com...

Page 33: ...nnect information for your test set model number For the N4413A refer to Interconnections for the N4413A N4414A Test Set on page 25 For the N4414A refer to Interconnections for the N4413A N4414A Test Set on page 25 For the N4415A refer to Interconnections for the N4415A Test Set on page 26 For the N4416A refer to Interconnections for the N4416A Test Set on page 28 For the N4417A refer to Interconn...

Page 34: ...he remaining pages of this section be careful to install the interconnect cables correctly The longer end of the interconnect cable connects to the network analyzer front panel connector Refer to Figure 3 1 for the correct orientation Figure 3 1 Interconnect Cable Orientation Damage to the interconnect cable can result from improper connection of the cable ...

Page 35: ... to Set Up the Multiport Test System Hardware Chapter 3 25 Interconnections for the N4413A N4414A Test Set Installation Sequence Cable Part Number From 8753 To N4413A N4414A 1 RF00329 RF IN RF IN 2 RF00329 R R 3 RF00329 A A 4 RF00329 B B ...

Page 36: ...tiport Test System Hardware Chapter 3 26 Interconnections for the N4415A Test Set CAUTION Damage to the interconnect cable can result from improper orientation of the cable Refer to page 24 for detailed information regarding the correct cable orientation ...

Page 37: ...o N4415A 1 AD00632 2 Port 1 Switch Switch 2 AD00632 1 A OUT A OUT 3 AD00632 2 Port 1 Coupler Coupler 4 AD00632 1 A IN A IN 5 AD00632 2 Port 2 Coupler Coupler 6 AD00632 1 B IN B IN 7 AD00632 2 Port 2 Switch Switch 8 AD00632 1 B OUT B OUT 9 AD00632 3 R Channel In R IN 10 AD00632 3 R Channel Out R OUT 11 AD00632 4 REF 1 on rear panel of the test set ...

Page 38: ...tiport Test System Hardware Chapter 3 28 Interconnections for the N4416A Test Set CAUTION Damage to the interconnect cable can result from improper orientation of the cable Refer to page 24 for detailed information regarding the correct cable orientation ...

Page 39: ...653 2 A IN A IN 3 AD00653 2 COUPLER IN COUPLER IN 4 AD00653 2 COUPLER IN COUPLER IN 5 AD00653 2 B IN B IN 6 AD00653 2 R2 IN R2 IN 7 AD00653 1 R1 OUT R1 OUT 8 AD00653 1 A OUT A OUT 9 AD00653 1 SOURCE OUT SOURCE OUT 10 AD00653 1 SOURCE OUT SOURCE OUT 11 AD00653 1 B OUT B OUT 12 AD00653 1 R2 OUT R2 OUT 13 AD00653 3 REF 1 on rear panel of the test set 14 AD00653 3 REF 2 on rear panel of the test set ...

Page 40: ...tiport Test System Hardware Chapter 3 30 Interconnections for the N4417A Test Set CAUTION Damage to the interconnect cable can result from improper orientation of the cable Refer to page 24 for detailed information regarding the correct cable orientation ...

Page 41: ... A IN 3 AD00747 1 2 COUPLER IN COUPLER IN 4 AD00747 1 2 COUPLER IN COUPLER IN 5 AD00747 1 2 B IN B IN 6 AD00747 1 2 R2 IN R2 IN 7 AD00747 1 1 R1 OUT R1 OUT 8 AD00747 1 1 A OUT A OUT 9 AD00747 1 1 SOURCE OUT SOURCE OUT 10 AD00747 1 1 SOURCE OUT SOURCE OUT 11 AD00747 1 1 B OUT B OUT 12 AD00747 1 1 R2 OUT R2 OUT 13 AD00747 1 3 REF 1 on rear panel of the test set 14 AD00747 1 3 REF 2 on rear panel of ...

Page 42: ...tiport Test System Hardware Chapter 3 32 Interconnections for the N4418A Test Set CAUTION Damage to the interconnect cable can result from improper orientation of the cable Refer to page 24 for detailed information regarding the correct cable orientation ...

Page 43: ...00599 2 PORT 1 SWITCH PORT 1 SWITCH 2 AD00599 1 A IN A IN 3 AD00599 2 PORT 1 BIAS TEE PORT 1 COUPLER 4 AD00599 1 A OUT A OUT 5 AD00599 2 PORT 2 BIAS TEE PORT 2 COUPLER 6 AD00599 1 B OUT B OUT 7 AD00599 4 R CHANNEL OUT R OUT 8 AD00599 3 R CHANNEL IN R IN 9 AD00599 2 PORT 2 SWITCH PORT 2 SWITCH 10 AD00599 1 B IN B IN 11 AD00599 5 REF 1 on rear panel of the test set ...

Page 44: ...tiport Test System Hardware Chapter 3 34 Interconnections for the N4419A Test Set CAUTION Damage to the interconnect cable can result from improper orientation of the cable Refer to page 24 for detailed information regarding the correct cable orientation ...

Page 45: ...1 REF 2 SOURCE OUT REF 2 SOURCE OUT 5 AD00756 2 PORT 1 SOURCE OUT PORT 1 SOURCE OUT 6 AD00756 2 PORT 1 CPLR THRU PORT 1 CPLR THRU 7 AD00756 2 PORT 2 CPLR THRU PORT 2 CPLR THRU 8 AD00756 2 PORT 2 SOURCE OUT PORT 2 SOURCE OUT 9 AD00756 3 PORT 1 CPLR ARM PORT 1 CPLR ARM 10 AD00756 3 PORT 1 RCVR A IN PORT 1 RCVR A IN 11 AD00756 3 PORT 2 RCVR B IN PORT 2 RCVR B IN 12 AD00756 3 PORT 2 CPLR ARM PORT 2 CP...

Page 46: ...tiport Test System Hardware Chapter 3 36 Interconnections for the N4421A Test Set CAUTION Damage to the interconnect cable can result from improper orientation of the cable Refer to page 24 for detailed information regarding the correct cable orientation ...

Page 47: ...2 SOURCE OUT REF 2 R2 OUT 5 Z5623 20216 PORT 1 SOURCE OUT PORT 1 SOURCE OUT 6 Z5623 20216 PORT 1 CPLR THRU PORT 1 CPLR THRU 7 Z5623 20216 PORT 2 CPLR THRU PORT 2 CPLR THRU 8 Z5623 20216 PORT 2 SOURCE OUT PORT 2 SOURCE OUT 9 Z5623 20217 PORT 1 CPLR ARM PORT 1 CPLR ARM 10 Z5623 20217 PORT 1 RCVR A IN PORT 1 RCVR A IN 11 Z5623 20217 PORT 2 RCVR B IN PORT 2 RCVR B IN 12 Z5623 20217 PORT 2 CPLR ARM POR...

Page 48: ...e address on the test set make sure you also change it in the software See Setup Hardware on page 124 GPIB addresses are five bit binary numbers set with the switches labeled 16 through 1 with 1 being the least significant digit T L and S correspond to Talk Listen and Status Set them as shown off The example below shows the default setting 18 set by turning on switches 16 and 2 NOTE After changing...

Page 49: ... select Start Run to open the Run dialog box 3 Enter x setup exe in the Open box where x is the letter of the drive with the media 4 Click OK and follow the onscreen instructions 5 After the installation is complete run the program by selecting Start Programs Agilent or ATN Multiport x xx Multiport where x xx is the software revision number To configure your system hardware options see Setup Hardw...

Page 50: ... ambient environment and drift affect the measurements Watch for trends with regard to the device meeting specifications or measuring within guard band limits Triggers to Calibrate We recommend that you perform a calibration on your multiport test system when the following conditions occur When connectors are cleaned repaired or replaced If test cables have any changes such as When a test cable is...

Page 51: ...art the Balanced Measurement Software on page 39 2 Define a test plan to include desired measurement types and the use and placement of any adapters 3 Characterize the adapters See How to Characterize Adapters on page 44 4 For test sets with the optional step attenuator determine the attenuation needs Once you calibrate at an attenuation setting any changes to the setting will invalidate the accur...

Page 52: ...e following test sets Model ATN 4111A serial number A433652 or below Model ATN 4111B serial number A433901 or below NOTE For maximum accuracy and repeatability the system network analyzer test set and ECal module should be stabilized at room temperature for a minimum of 24 hours before calibration Using standard alignment precautions the multiport test set may have the ECal module connected and di...

Page 53: ...dule Each module characterization file is unique so verify that the module serial number matches the file s serial number 5 A progress meter is displayed during the calibration When complete assign the calibration a file name and save the calibration data NOTE Creating a Calibration Subset If you do not want to use all frequency points for your measurement you can create a calibration subset and u...

Page 54: ...ale for example Select the calibration kit to be used on Port 1 from the pull down menu Refer to the illustration titled One Port Adapter Characterization on page 45 All Others uses two ports Ports 1 and 4 and allows the adapter types to be specified independently Select the calibration kits to be used on Port 1 and on Port 4 from the pull down menu Refer to the illustration titled Two Port Adapte...

Page 55: ...te save the adapter file using the default TXS file extension Since the characterization file is in Citifile format you can import the data and make a visual check of the quality of the characterization Select File Import Citifile and open and inspect the adapter characterization file One Port Adapter Characterization Two Port Adapter Characterization See Setup De Embedding on page 115 and Setup M...

Page 56: ...g and reference plane rotation is performed to move the measurement reference planes as needed 3 Reference impedance is changed if specified 4 Mixed mode S parameters are calculated 5 User defined parameters are calculated As shown in the preceding illustration this sequence allows the system to work sequentially toward the device being characterized Because of the order of this sequence the syste...

Page 57: ...ompletion of four prerequisite steps Setup of the software and hardware see How to Set Up the Multiport Test System Hardware on page 18 and How to Install and Start the Balanced Measurement Software on page 39 Determination of your test requirements Characterization of any needed adapters see How to Characterize Adapters on page 44 System calibration see How to Calibrate on page 40 On completion o...

Page 58: ...e information How to Use Trace Memory Trace memory provides a convenient means of comparing two or more sets of measured data either from measurements made during this session or from data previously saved to files The Trace Memory dialog box can be opened by selecting Data Memory The software assigns colors to traces based on their status The red data set or trace is considered current data eithe...

Page 59: ...d trace Memorized traces are assigned identification numbers in the order in which they are memorized Traces that are the result of trace math appear violet For more information see Data Memory on page 136 How to Set Up User Defined Displays User defined displays provide a convenient way to set up new display types based on formulas you specify You can use conventional S parameters and mixed mode ...

Page 60: ...t interpolate marker values between measured points In the multiport test system the delta reference marker is always the active current marker The fixed marker concept is somewhat different in the multiport test system When you fix the markers in the multiport test system as described in the remainder of this section they become inactive but they are still visible The multiport test system does n...

Page 61: ...ut marker function shows the marker value at any frequency The frequency display is in MHz to the left with the data value to the right In displays with a large number of data points hold down the shift key while moving the mouse for greater placement accuracy To place a marker hold the left mouse button while clicking the right button Note that you do not have to place the mouse pointer on or eve...

Page 62: ...o place or move markers You cannot use the mouse to scale the display with markers active Moving Markers Scalar displays allow full mouse and keyboard control of setting selecting and moving markers as described below Smith and polar displays allow only keyboard selection and movement of markers Impedance and conductance formats are valid for S parameter reflection terms and for user defined param...

Page 63: ...Marker Properties Right click the right edge of the Markers window to open the markers properties box on Polar or Smith Charts SELECT TO Display All Markers Show all set markers on display Display Active Marker Restrict marker display to the active marker Mag Angle Show the magnitude and angle of the reflection coefficient dB Angle Show the log magnitude and angle of the reflection coefficient Rea...

Page 64: ...t region The display properties menu displays 3 Select Zoom Data from the menu The Zoom End Points box displays The Cursor line shows the frequency corresponding to the cursor position in the plot area 4 Move the cursor to the desired start frequency or use the arrow keys to change 5 Left click on the trace or press the Enter key to anchor the start point The START line shows the selected frequenc...

Page 65: ...lect Restore Full Sweep Data from the menu If frequency zooming has been applied to the data the Data button appears in the indicator bar If a measurement is made after the frequency axis is zoomed only the points within the zoom range are measured This creates a new set of calibration data adjusted to the new frequency range As soon as the measurement starts the Cal button appears in the indicato...

Page 66: ...tion 5 To restore the original measurement condition right click in the gray area outside of the plot and select Restore Full Sweep Data from the menu If the frequency step has been increased the Data button appears in the indicator bar If a measurement is made after increasing the frequency step fewer points are measured This creates a new set of calibration data adjusted to the new frequency ste...

Page 67: ... hardware and software if needed See How to Set Up the Multiport Test System Hardware on page 18 and How to Install and Start the Balanced Measurement Software on page 39 2 Determine what network analyzer power frequencies and data points will be needed for characterization of the DUT 3 Calibrate the system using these settings See How to Calibrate on page 40 4 Connect the DUT 5 Click the Measure ...

Page 68: ...vision for biasing the DUT through the test ports In this case bias voltages are applied to the bias inputs on the rear of the test set Active Device Measurement Example This example shows the characterization of a 27 dB gain amplifier with a 10 dBm compression point Measurements were made to show gain isolation and match The system was calibrated with the following Measurement Parameters as shown...

Page 69: ...e Devices Chapter 3 59 The device performance is shown below Note that the display has been user defined to show specific areas of interest See How to Set Up User Defined Displays on page 49 and How to Use User Defined Displays on page 65 for more information ...

Page 70: ...ation How to Characterize Balanced Devices Using the Data Transforms functions the multiport test system provides mixed mode S parameter measurement This section provides a sample characterization of a differential device using the system to determine standard and mixed mode S parameters The DUT is a balanced transmission line The device has been measured as a four port single ended device with th...

Page 71: ...minal The six forward transmission path plots are displayed below the diagonal The six reverse transmission path plots are displayed above the diagonal At low frequencies the through connection between port 1 and port 2 can be seen from S21 and between port 3 and port 4 from S43 Coupling between the pairs is evident from S41 and S32 increasing with frequency at the low end of the band while S21 an...

Page 72: ...ed performance mixed mode S parameters are used For a device with two balanced ports each of the four quadrants represents a different mode of operation Each quadrant includes input and output reflection parameters and forward and reverse transmission parameters For example SDD11 represents the differential mode match on balanced port 1 SDD21 is the differential mode forward transmission parameter...

Page 73: ...e conversion This means for example that a differential stimulus will elicit a response with a differential mode component but no common mode component or vice versa Therefore the mode conversion terms in the mixed mode S parameter matrix provide a direct measurement of the degree of symmetry of the device The Effect of Asymmetry on Mode Conversion Parameters If there is a phase skew in the DUT in...

Page 74: ...have a significant effect on the performance of a balanced device as shown in the mixed mode S parameter The most noticeable change is in the mode conversion parameters designated by the SDCnn and SCDnn terms In a perfectly symmetrical device these terms are equal to zero Even a slight asymmetry is more noticeable in these terms than in the pure mode terms SDDnn or SCCnn ...

Page 75: ...er Defined Displays Use user defined displays to help interpret the corrected data For this device you might consider making the following user defined displays S21 S31 with a log magnitude display to show amplitude imbalance S21 S31 with a phase display centered on 90 to show phase imbalance ...

Page 76: ...en you define a user defined parameter the system does not know the correct reference impedance for displaying impedance and conductance markers You can define your port impedance values by editing the impedanceDef txt file The default location of this file is Program Files Agilent system the actual location may be different Instructions for editing impedance definitions are included in the file M...

Page 77: ... the form where S is the reflection parameter corresponding to the port and mode of interest For this device the table summarizes the correct variable for S Therefore the VSWR of each port can be calculated in the user defined display as follows For information regarding user defined displays refer to Data User Defined Display Add Page on page 139 Port Mode S 1 N A S11 2 Differential SDD22 3 Commo...

Page 78: ... one single ended port and one balanced port In general the equation is in the form where ZR is a reference impedance and S is a reflection parameter For determining S it is necessary to know the port and mode of interest For this device the following table summarizes the correct variable for S For determining ZR it is helpful to think of the device as having terminals rather than ports Port Mode ...

Page 79: ...R Therefore the impedance on each port can be calculated in the user defined display as follows For information regarding user defined displays refer to How to Set Up User Defined Displays on page 49 and How to Use User Defined Displays on page 65 Port Mode Reference Impedance ZR 1 N A Z1 2 Differential Z2 Z3 2 Common Z2 Z3 Z2 Z3 Port Mode Port Impedance 1 N A Z1 1 S11 1 S11 2 Differential Z2 Z3 1...

Page 80: ... The transimpedance gain of this is defined as VD2 is the differential voltage across the balanced pairs Therefore where ZR1 is the reference impedance at port 1 1 Open the User Defined Display dialog box See Data User Defined Display Add Page on page 139 2 Enter names in the Tab Title Graph Name and Variable Name boxes 3 Enter the following equation in the Equation box SDS21 Z1 1 S11 1 S11 4 Clic...

Page 81: ...reviously saved data see File Open Data on page 101 or make a new measurement on a differential device 2 Open the Display Configuration dialog box See Setup Display Configuration on page 121 Click LOAD ALL to open the simultaneous conjugate match display configuration file called Mixed Mode Parameters mpc This file is normally copied to Multiport User Config on installation 3 Click Set Display for...

Page 82: ...3 72 Pull down Data User Defined Display View Equations to open the Defined Equations dialog box Notice the listed formula for the differential stability factor display DSF 1 ABS SDD11 2 ABS SDD22 2 ABS D 2 2 ABS SDD12 ABS SDD21 This translates to where K 1 SDD11 2 SDD22 2 D 2 2 SDD12 SDD21 D SDD11 SDD22 SDD12 SDD21 ...

Page 83: ...h DIM CONJ C1 ABS C1 B1 2 ABS C1 B1 2 ABS 2 C1 2 1 0 5 This translates to where and where Note the formula for differential output match DOM CONJ C2 ABS C2 B2 2 ABS C2 B2 2 ABS 2 C2 2 1 0 5 This translates to where and where ΓGM C1 C1 B1 2 C1 B1 2 2C1 2 1 C1 SDD11 SDD22 B1 1 SDD22 2 SDD11 2 D 2 ΓGM C2 C2 B2 2 C2 B2 2 2C2 2 1 C2 SDD22 SDD11 B2 1 SDD11 2 SDD22 2 D 2 ...

Page 84: ... of a device with one single ended port is done in a very similar manner as a device with a simple parameter substitution For example if the DUT is configured as follows then compared to a device with two differential ports substitute S11 for SDD11 SDS21 for SDD21 and SSD12 for SDD12 Therefore where n 1 for port 1 and n 2 for port 2 K 1 S11 2 SDD22 2 D 2 2 SDD12 SDD21 D S11 SDD22 SDS21 SSD12 C1 S1...

Page 85: ...wn Utility Manual Test Set Control to open the Manual Test Set dialog box Set the test set for reflection on the port that the cable is connected to S11 for port 1 S22 for port 2 S33 for port 3 S44 for port 4 4 Use the network analyzer memory controls to memorize a base line trace by selecting memory minus 5 While observing the one inch bend radius limit of the test cables manipulate the cable thr...

Page 86: ...current version To use the Port Exchange Utility follow these steps 1 Run PortExchange exe which is located in the same directory with Multiport exe The Multiport S Parameter Exchange Utility window opens 2 Click Load Data File The Open dialog box displays 3 Select a file to load and click OK The name of the loaded file appears in the window 4 Select ports to exchange For example to exchange ports...

Page 87: ... Exchange Utility Chapter 3 77 5 Click Exchange Data The Port Exchange utility shows how the data has been exchanged 6 Click Save Data File 7 In the Save As dialog box enter the name of the new data file and click Save 8 Click CLOSE to close the utility ...

Page 88: ...ooth monotonic trace without ripple or bumps at or near the zero reference line on the network analyzer Loss should be less than 10 dB 5 Switch through the attenuator settings The trace should drop by approximately 10 dB and the shape should remain nearly the same High attenuator settings will result in a noisy trace 6 If the test set fails in any respect return it to Agilent Technologies for repa...

Page 89: ...79 4 Performing Time Domain Measurements ...

Page 90: ...in by utilizing this inverse chirp Z Fourier transform1 As shown in the following illustration the type of information that can be observed in time domain mode is quite different than the information that can be observed in frequency domain mode If the network is thought of in terms of its equivalent circuit model then the frequency domain response describes the composite behavior of all of the ci...

Page 91: ...le the traditional TDR measurement technique provides fast measurement speed the measurement technique used by the multiport test system provides Superior accuracy Significantly better dynamic range important for crosstalk and mode conversion terms Ability to de embed fixtures and signal launchers Access to both frequency and time domain information as vector quantities Single setup for forward an...

Page 92: ...efore the reflection parameter shows the one way travel time into the device not the round trip propagation delay that other instruments may show On the vertical axis the impulse response is a reflection or transmission coefficient displayed on either a linear or a logarithmic scale This parameter can be displayed as an absolute number or relative to a minimum or maximum value of the response Like...

Page 93: ...NTIAL FORWARD TDT SDD21 DIFFERENTIAL REVERSE TDR SDD22 COMMON FORWARD TDR SCC11 COMMON REVERSE TDT SCC12 COMMON FORWARD TDT SCC21 COMMON REVERSE TDR SCC22 DIFFERENTIAL TO COMMON FORWARD TDR SCD11 DIFFERENTIAL TO COMMON REVERSE TDT SCD12 DIFFERENTIAL TO COMMON FORWARD TDT SCD21 DIFFERENTIAL TO COMMON REVERSE TDR SCD22 COMMON TO DIFFERENTIAL FORWARD TDR SDC11 COMMON TO DIFFERENTIAL REVERSE TDT SDC12...

Page 94: ...t bandwidth will provide finer response resolution The following table Time Domain Signatures shows various circuit elements and associated time domain signatures COMMON TO DIFFERENTIAL REVERSE TDR SDC22 DIFF TO UNBALANCED REVERSE TDT SSD12 DIFF TO UNBALANCED REVERSE TDT SSD13 UNBALANCED TO DIFF FORWARD TDT SDS21 UNBALANCED TO DIFF FORWARD TDT SDS31 COMMON TO UNBALANCED REVERSE TDT SSC12 COMMON TO...

Page 95: ...Performing Time Domain Measurements Analyzing Time Domain Signatures Chapter 4 85 Time Domain Signatures Transmission Line ZC Z0 Impulse Reflection Step Reflection Impulse Transmission Step Transmission ...

Page 96: ...Performing Time Domain Measurements Analyzing Time Domain Signatures Chapter 4 86 Transmission Line ZC Z0 Impulse Reflection Step Reflection Impulse Transmission Step Transmission ...

Page 97: ...Performing Time Domain Measurements Analyzing Time Domain Signatures Chapter 4 87 Series Inductor Impulse Reflection Step Reflection Impulse Transmission Step Transmission ...

Page 98: ...Performing Time Domain Measurements Analyzing Time Domain Signatures Chapter 4 88 Shunt Capacitor Impulse Reflection Step Reflection Impulse Transmission Step Transmission ...

Page 99: ...e domain measurement and analysis function It discusses enabling the time domain function scaling and formatting the display and selecting time domain gating and frequency domain controls Enabling the Time Domain Functions1 1 Measure a device load a previously saved data file dut or import data from another source cit or SnP This will display the standard S parameter matrix in thumbnail view as sh...

Page 100: ...ime domain activated select Calculate Time Domain from the sub menu 4 To toggle between S parameter and time domain data simply select the appropriate button just under the thumbnail display A four terminal device will have 16 S parameters in the frequency domain These include transmission and reflection terms and forward and reverse measurements The time domain function will translate these param...

Page 101: ...of the thumbnails to enlarge the display and view a single parameter in both time upper view and frequency lower view domains Mouse scaling can be used in the same way as it is used with S parameters refer to Changing the Scale Parameters of Rectangular Displays on page 15 for details Reference levels offset and scaling can be changed by simply double clicking on the current value entering a new v...

Page 102: ...ne having the same electrical delay as the section that is removed A Zero Length gate removes the gated section and effectively shortens the structure Then select Add Gate When Add Gate is selected a dialog box appears to allow the start and stop points of the gate to be defined Up to 10 gates can be added When using multiple gates Ideal and Zero Length gates are highlighted differently for easy i...

Page 103: ...n Controls In addition to the S parameters themselves it is alternatively possible to display the difference Meas Calc or the ratio Meas Calc between the original data and the response once it is transformed to the time domain and then transformed back to the frequency domain This provides a method of determining the validity of the data ...

Page 104: ...ce that the response starts at a reflection of 0 steps down to 0 33 corresponding to 25Ω and then steps back up to a value slightly less than 0 If the time domain response truly showed impedance versus distance the response should return to zero It does not because some of the energy is lost due to the reflections at the discontinuities A lossy transmission line will also affect the response Consi...

Page 105: ... has a sin x x response Compared to the case of the infinite frequency range the width of the impulse response has become broader and the level of the side lobes has increased limiting the effective system dynamic range The width of the impulse response is directly related to the measurement frequency range The level of the side lobes depends primarily on the bandwidth of the measurement but can b...

Page 106: ...asurement frequencies are changed the time domain start and stop points are calculated to give the best fit possible without aliasing The start stop window may be varied along the time base but should not be widened or aliasing will occur This is because the Fourier transforms are taken at discrete points and the data is only valid over a finite range in the time domain For example as shown in the...

Page 107: ...iminate the induced aliasing and thereby validate the calculated time domain response 4 Response Resolution The response resolution describes how close in time two responses can be distinguished This depends on the width of the impulse response which is inversely related to the measurement bandwidth The relationship between the three is approximately R T 1 25 BW where R is the response resolution ...

Page 108: ... method of validating the data This can be accomplished by comparing the original frequency domain data to the data after it is inverse Fourier transformed into the time domain and then Fourier transformed back into the frequency domain as shown in the following illustration Ideally these data should be identical Changing the time domain start and stop points the filter value and the value of the ...

Page 109: ...99 5 Menu Reference ...

Page 110: ...are menus are described in this chapter This chapter is divided by each Main Menu selection Refer to the following sections for each Main Menu selection File Menu on page 101 Setup Menu on page 110 Calibrate Menu on page 133 Data Menu on page 136 Utility Menu on page 147 Help Menu on page 152 ...

Page 111: ...ort Citifile on page 103 File Export MMICAD on page 103 File Export Libra on page 105 File Export Ansoft on page 106 File Export Tab Delimited Text on page 107 File Print on page 107 File Exit on page 109 File Open Data Load a previously saved data file in dut format Note that data files can be used for comparison with other data files using the trace memory see Data Memory on page 136 and math fu...

Page 112: ...at was previously saved in S4P format The S4P file must contain a valid header line with the frequency unit and data format specified For example MHZSMAR50 00 MHZSDBR50 00 MHZSRIR50 00 File Import Import S3P Import data previously saved in S3P S3P format Use File Import Import S3P to open the Open dialog box and import data into the software that was previously saved in S3P format Refer to File Im...

Page 113: ...K to export the file Click Cancel to return to the main screen without exporting the file See File Export MMICAD on page 103 for more details on dialog boxes File Export MMICAD Pull down File Export MMICAD to open the Save As dialog box and export current measurement data to one of the MMICAD formats The MMICAD formats available are S4P S3P S2P S2P Mixed Mode By Quadrant see S2P Mixed Mode By Quad...

Page 114: ... export by checking the appropriate boxes For example if you want to export only marker data check Export Marker Data Only and uncheck the rest of the boxes If some types of data are not available in the current data set the corresponding boxes are grayed out Click OK to export the file Click Cancel to return to the main screen without exporting the file S2P Mixed Mode By Quadrant Format Each quad...

Page 115: ...ile Click Cancel to return to the main screen without exporting the file File Export Libra Pull down File Export Libra to open the Save As dialog box and export current measurement data to one of the Libra formats The Libra formats available are S4P S3P S2P 3 Port Differential S2P 3 Port Common S2P S2P Mixed Mode By Quadrant see S2P Mixed Mode By Quadrant Format on page 104 The S4P S3P and S2P sel...

Page 116: ...rt MMICAD on page 103 for more details on dialog boxes File Export Ansoft Pull down File Export Ansoft to open the Save As dialog box and export current measurement data to one of the Ansoft formats The Ansoft formats available are S4P S3P S2P 3 Port Differential S2P 3 Port Common S2P S2P Mixed Mode By Quadrant see S2P Mixed Mode By Quadrant Format on page 104 The S4P S3P and S2P selections each h...

Page 117: ...ich types of data to export by checking the appropriate boxes and click OK to export the file Click Cancel to return to the main screen without exporting the file See File Export MMICAD on page 103 for more details on dialog boxes The txt default file extension denotes that the data will be saved as ASCII text only in the tab delimited output Tab delimited text files may be loaded into spread shee...

Page 118: ... Select a drive and directory and enter a file name in the Save As dialog box Graphic file options are Windows Bitmap BMP JPEG Bitmap JPG Targa Bitmap TGA and PaintBrush PCX Click Print background color to have the colored fill surrounding the data displays print Turn this off if the output will be faxed or copied ...

Page 119: ...n you prefer on the data displays Click Add measurement timestamp to annotation to add the time and date to the annotation area The time stamp is displayed in the format shown in the previous illustration Click Print to open the standard Windows Print dialog box and print the data Click Cancel to close the dialog box and return File Exit Pull down File Exit to quit the software ...

Page 120: ...ration on page 121 Setup Hardware on page 124 Setup Preferences on page 125 Setup 4 Port on page 128 Setup 3 Port Ports 1 2 and 4 on page 129 Setup 2 Port Ports 1 and 3 Ports 2 and 4 on page 131 Setup All Pull down Setup All to set up all operating parameters These include Measurement Parameters See Setup Meas Parameters on page 110 Calibration Kit Selection See Setup Cal Kit Selection on page 112...

Page 121: ...rect entry only increments from 0 to 70 dB are supported All other boxes allow direct entry The attenuator box is only displayed on systems using the N4413A and N4414A test sets In systems using other test sets the attenuator is coupled to the source power setting NOTE Changing the attenuator setting after calibration will result in an invalid calibration If the attenuator setting is changed and t...

Page 122: ...with a number of predefined calibration kits You can also add your own calibration kits by editing the calkits txt file The default location of this file is Program Files Agilent system the actual location may be different Editing instructions are included in the file Make sure you edit and save the file in ASCII text only format NOTE Maintain a copy of your unmodified original calkits txt file in...

Page 123: ...Adapter Usage Pull down Setup Adapter Usage to open the THRU ADAPTER USAGE dialog box and setup adapters for use in calibrating the system Click the Select Thru Configuration choice that best minimizes the amount of cable bending during the calibration and the measurement The choices are Config 1 uses four paths 1 2 3 4 1 4 3 2 Config 2 uses four paths 1 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 Config 3 uses all six paths 1...

Page 124: ...om all transmission paths Click Use In All Valid Positions to apply the adapter file in all valid positions The software calculates this from the connector from the calibration kits selected in Setup Cal Kit Selection see page 112 Click the check boxes near the connector depictions to apply or remove an adapter characterization file to a transmission path If you try to apply an adapter file to a p...

Page 125: ...alue in centimeters in air Click Select De Embed Files to add de embedding txs files to the drop down selection box to use S parameter de embedding You can select more than one fixture or adapter characterization file at once to allow multiple selections in the drop down box Select an S parameter de embedding file from the list then click the boxes near the DUT diagram to apply the de embed file t...

Page 126: ...ith selected de embed files In the screen below the fixture has been applied in forward orientation on the left side ports of the DUT and reverse orientation on the right side ports of the DUT Reverse application is noted by the R indicator NOTE If you open de embedding files that conflict with the current de embedding the software warns you Click the button to check the de embedding status Click ...

Page 127: ...able De Embed to turn de embedding off Click Revert to Measured Data Now to remove any previously applied de embedding from the current data set Revert to Measured Data Now is only available when de embedding has been turned off with Disable De Embed Click Disable De Embed Clear All to turn off de embedding and clear all the applications of probe fixture or adapter files When de embedding is enabl...

Page 128: ...loaded data the following section is added to the De Embedding dialog box Click Show De embedding Used to see the details of the de embedding Click OK to return to the De Embedding dialog box Click Change De Embed definitions to match stored data to apply the de embedding definitions from a stored file to the DUT for further measurements The software will look for the files that were used for de e...

Page 129: ...he software Enter the new rotation values for the desired ports Using the arrows to change a value applies the change automatically Direct entries are processed when you press the Enter key or click APPLY Click CLOSE to return A positive value rotates the phase towards the DUT effectively removing a length of 50Ω line and a negative value rotates the phase away from the DUT effectively adding a le...

Page 130: ...m Impedance transforms can be specified either before or after measurement Only the current data set is affected The reference impedance can be specified as resistive or as an RL or RC circuit The impedance model is used to specify whether the selected impedance is the effective source load impedance or whether it is an estimate of the DUT port impedance One is the complex conjugate of the other S...

Page 131: ...erential mode reference impedance of 250Ω on balanced port one Likewise the common mode reference impedances are the parallel equivalent impedance Setup Display Configuration The software supports saving and loading display configuration information so that you can restore a previously configured display The saved display configuration information includes all properties associated with the freque...

Page 132: ...e that configuration from the system Erase Config removes the configuration immediately so make sure you have saved the configuration s before using Erase Config if you want to keep the configuration information for later use Use the RESTORE OPTIONS selections to select which parts of a display configuration will be used Select from All Displays Primary Display Only and User Defined Display Only A...

Page 133: ...ering a name under Config Identifier 4 Define and capture up to six display configurations per configuration file 5 In the Display Configuration dialog box click SAVE ALL to save the configurations 6 In subsequent sessions click LOAD ALL to load an entire configuration file or click Load Config to load an individual configuration into a slot in the Display Configuration dialog box NOTE The format ...

Page 134: ...he drop down lists Enter the Analyzer Address and the Test Set Address GPIB addresses The GPIB INTERFACE area shows the current status of the interface Click OK to accept any changes and exit the dialog box Click Cancel to ignore any changes and exit the dialog box Click Configure to open the GPIB Detection and Configuration dialog box and automatically configure GPIB communication on your host co...

Page 135: ...in the GPIB Detection and Configuration dialog box The name in step 2 is optional If desired use the name of the interface card supplied by the manufacturer Setup Preferences Pull down Setup Preferences to open the Preferences dialog box The Calibration tab shows calibration preference options ...

Page 136: ...DAPTER PHASE ROTATION dialog boxes are displayed for edits or confirmation With this option off the system begins calibrating immediately with the current calibration settings Select Display all setup information before entering calibration to have the system show you the current calibration settings before starting the calibration This allows you to confirm that the calibration settings are corre...

Page 137: ...nt data is not implemented Click the Print tab to display the print preference options Select Carry forward last print annotation field to new prints to have the system remember any notes you entered in the Print Annotation dialog box from one measurement to the next These notes can be changed at any time prior to printing Select Clear annotation when new measurement is made to have the system cle...

Page 138: ...ns cannot be reversed if the file is loaded back into the application Click Save reference plane data if data has been de embedded to allow the removal of de embedding information from a data file loaded to a disk This is the default setting If Save reference plane data if data has been de embedded is not checked the plots with the de embedding information are saved and the raw data used to create...

Page 139: ...est port 3 is not used Select Setup 3 Port Ports 1 2 and 4 to change the configuration from 4 Port to 3 Port The Test Set Connections box opens to show the proper connections This connection diagram shows the test set to DUT connections for single ended measurements Click OK to close the Test Set Connections box The S Parameter screen changes from 16 plots to 9 plots Transforms are disabled whenev...

Page 140: ...om 4 port to 3 port for an existing measurement and then change it back to 4 port by selecting Setup 4 Port the missing plots are displayed and the data from those plots is restored 1 Single Ended 1 Balanced Port Transform In 3 port mode you can transform from 2 single ended and 1 balanced port to 1 single ended and 1 balanced port ...

Page 141: ...ces the number of sweeps from 8 for a 4 port device to 2 Test ports 1 and 3 or test ports 2 and 4 are used in a 2 port measurement 1 port reflection measurements can be made on balanced devices in the port 2 and 4 configuration only Select Setup 2 Port Ports 1 and 3 or Setup 2 Port Ports 2 and 4 to change the configuration from 4 Port to 2 Port The Test Set Connections box for ports 1 and 3 or por...

Page 142: ...ansform In 2 port Ports 2 and 4 configuration not Ports 1 and 3 a transform to 1 balanced port is available Pull down Data Transforms 1 Balanced Port from the menu The new Test Set Connections box opens to show the proper connections Click OK to close the box ...

Page 143: ... Cal Subset Pull down Calibrate Create Cal Subset to create a subset of an existing calibration data set Using a calibration subset can speed up measurement sweeps when you only need to measure a small span within the span of calibration Creating the calibration subset allows you to change the frequency range while retaining the complete calibration settings If a calibration has not been performed...

Page 144: ...TOP fields enter the start and stop frequencies for the new calibration subset Changing these fields allow you to sweep a narrower span while the calibration subset option is active In the SKIP PTS field enter the number of points to skip in the full calibration to create the new calibration subset The SUBSET CAL SETTINGS line shows the Start and Stop frequencies and the number of points in the ne...

Page 145: ...down Calibrate Standard Calibration to create a calibration data set manually This leads you through a complete calibration based on the selections that you made in the Setup menu for example calibration instruction set thru adapter configuration calibration preferences and port selection Calibrate Electronic Calibration Pull down Calibrate Electronic Calibration to create a calibration data set u...

Page 146: ...ed Ports on page 144 Data Transforms 2 Single Ended 1Balanced Port on page 145 Data Transforms 1 Single Ended 1 Balanced Port on page 145 Data Transforms 1 Balanced Port on page 145 Data Display Visible on page 145 Data Reset Display to Default Config on page 145 Data Display Acquisition Info on page 146 Data Clear All Data on page 146 Data Memory Pull down Data Memory to open the Trace Memory dia...

Page 147: ...sible to see memorized data as well as the current data Click DATA MEM to memorize a data set As this is selected the current data is stored in the memory location displayed and the memory location number is incremented The system supports trace memories up to the memory limitations of the computer This should allow for more than 10 sets of data to be stored in memory Click CLEAR ALL MEM to clear ...

Page 148: ...ark blue other memorized traces display light blue Use the Math functions to compare the current data set to memorized data Math functions are available when you select Identify MEM see above Select Math Off to display the current and memorized data sets without mathematical comparison Data Memory provides vector normalization of the current data set to the identified data set The calculated data ...

Page 149: ...lay Add Page to open the User Defined Display dialog box The User Defined Display dialog box enables you to add a user defined display or a series of user defined displays to the system This feature allows you to perform a mathematical operation on data and print the results NOTE This section uses the characterization of a quadrature hybrid for illustration purposes ...

Page 150: ...Name The graph name appears above the plot In this quadrature hybrid characterization the graph name Amplitude Imbalance is used to describe the plot Enter a Variable Name for the plot You use variable names to identify equations defined in the equation box AI is defined in the equation as S21 S31 Once defined AI can be used as an operand in an equation on another plot For instance AI S11 would ev...

Page 151: ...ence follows the order parentheses functions ABS CONJ REAL IMAG ARG exponentiation multiplication and division addition and subtraction There must be one more operand than operators Important Negative constants must be enclosed in parentheses even when the negative constants are inside function parentheses To offset the phase of an operand by 180º multiply by 1 To offset the phase by 90º multiply ...

Page 152: ...r the bottom of the main screen to display your user defined plots Your user defined page will be saved with your display configuration but is not saved automatically Data User Defined Display Modify Page Pull down Data User Defined Display Modify Page to select a user display definition to modify using the User Defined Display dialog box ...

Page 153: ...een See Data User Defined Display Add Page on page 139 for more information Data User Defined Display Delete Page Pull down Data User Defined Display Delete Page to open the User Defined Display Page Selection dialog box to select a defined display to remove from the system Select a page and click OK to delete Click Cancel to return without deleting a user defined display ...

Page 154: ...ox Data Transforms Disable Transforms Pull down Data Transforms Disable Transforms to disable transforms Data Transforms 2 Balanced Ports Pull down Data Transforms 2 Balanced Ports to perform mixed mode mathematical transformations on the data Test set ports 1 and 3 and ports 2 and 4 are assumed to be balanced pairs See How to Interpret Mixed Mode S Parameters on page 60 for more information NOTE ...

Page 155: ...n measuring in the 3 port configuration Test set port 1 is assumed to be single ended and ports 2 and 4 are assumed to be a balanced pair See How to Interpret Mixed Mode S Parameters on page 60 for more information Data Transforms 1 Balanced Port Pull down Data Transforms 1 Balanced Port to perform mixed mode mathematical transformation on the data This transform is only available when measuring i...

Page 156: ...nfo to see the test conditions and acquisition settings The system displays this acquisition information in an information box as shown in the following illustration Data Clear All Data Pull down Data Clear All Data to clear all data in memory This includes the current data set and any memorized data sets ...

Page 157: ...ty Manual Test Set Control to open the Manual Test Set dialog box The two dialog box tabs Switch Positions and Attenuator are helpful when troubleshooting a problem with your setup Use this dialog box to configure the test set and vector network analyzer VNA for the desired stimulus response setting Stimulus can be directed to a test port so that the incident power level that will be presented to ...

Page 158: ...ter can be one of the 16 available S parameters Selecting a primary S parameter sets the switches on the test set and sets the proper measurement A R or B R on channel one of the analyzer The secondary S parameter is optional It can be useful when tuning a device to monitor two parameters such as gain and return loss Once the primary S parameter has been selected clicking Select Secondary S Parame...

Page 159: ...a compatible pair if using 2 S parameters and connect the DUT accordingly 2 Make a measurement of the DUT The difference between the corrected and uncorrected data will be used in the analyzer s trace memory 3 Select the primary and optional secondary S parameter 4 Use the Scalar Correction to VNA buttons to load the analyzer s trace memory so that the on screen display will emulate the corrected ...

Page 160: ...s prior value when the dialog box is closed NOTE Changes to the attenuator setting will degrade calibration accuracy even after initial settings are restored For best results always recalibrate after the attenuation is changed or recycled Utility Characterize Adapter Pull down Utility Characterize Adapter to start the adapter S parameter characterization procedure After this procedure is complete ...

Page 161: ... supported during calibration To reset the counter to 0 select Utility Reset Measurement Counter NOTE The counter does not increment if the Continuous Sweep is tuned on or the counter is not visible Utility Reset Measurement Counter Select Utility Reset Measurement Counter to reset the measurement counter which increments every time the Measure button is depressed to 0 Utility Diagnostics This sel...

Page 162: ...heir locations Help Contents on page 152 Help About Multiport on page 152 Help Contents Pull down Help Contents to open the help system Help About Multiport Pull down Help About Multiport to see revision and copyright information about the software You will need this information to receive technical support ...

Page 163: ...153 6 Maintenance and Troubleshooting ...

Page 164: ...quipment or your devices Use standard precautions to protect against ESD before using the system for calibration or measurement Use the following illustration and list of equipment to set up a static safe workstation Static Safe Workstation static control table mat and earth ground wire part number 9300 0797 wrist strap cord part number 9300 0980 wrist strap part number 9300 1367 heel straps part ...

Page 165: ...nnector nut may be due to one of the following The pins are not aligned The coupling nut is cross threaded The connector or its mate has been damaged by excessive torque Stop and determine the reason To proceed without doing so risks the destruction of the assembly and the mating connector Holding a connector nut stationary while screwing the socket into the connector will wear away the connector ...

Page 166: ...tight bends where they are not necessarily obvious like at the end of connector strain relief tubing Swept 90 adapters may be used typically at the test set front panel to minimize cable bending However if the adapters are used they must be in place during the calibration Cables are often stored in a coiled configuration Coiled cable set the tendency to stay coiled can occur if the cables are left...

Page 167: ...n for connector care information Prior to making connections to the network analyzer carefully review the information about inspecting cleaning and gaging connectors Having good connector care and connection techniques extends the life of these devices In addition you obtain the most accurate measurements This type of information is typically located in Chapter 3 of the calibration kit manuals See...

Page 168: ...Connector Cleaning Do Try compressed air first Do Not Use any abrasives Use isopropyl alcohol Get liquid into plastic support beads Clean connector threads Gaging Connectors Do Clean and zero the gage before use Do Not Use an out of spec connector Use the correct gage type Use correct end of calibration block Gage all connectors before first use Making Connections Do Align connectors carefully Do ...

Page 169: ...ed Install the line fuse Refer to How to Set Up the Multiport Test System Hardware on page 18 Excessive ripple in data Load termination damaged by excessive RF power Contact Agilent Technologies See Contacting Agilent on page 160 for more information Loose connections between VNA and test set and or between test set and DUT Check and torque the connectors Poor test cable repeatability See How to C...

Page 170: ...848 fax 1 800 801 664 India tel 1 600 11 2929 fax 000 800 650 1101 Taiwan tel 0800 047 866 fax 886 2 25456723 Hong Kong tel 800 930 871 fax 852 2506 9233 Canada tel 1 877 894 4414 fax 905 282 6495 Europe tel 31 20 547 2323 fax 31 20 547 2390 Australia tel 1 800 629 485 fax 61 3 9210 5947 Singapore tel 1 800 375 8100 fax 65 836 0252 Thailand tel outside Bangkok 088 226 008 tel within Bangkok 662 66...

Page 171: ...mation is readily available when you call the serial number of the test set a list of any options or accessories installed in or in use with the test set the type of GPIB board in your computer any information you can supply about the DUT the nature of the problem the version number of software ...

Page 172: ...Maintenance and Troubleshooting Contacting Agilent Chapter 6 162 ...

Page 173: ...163 7 Instrument Information ...

Page 174: ... and described in this section N4413A Front and Rear Panel N4413A Front Panel ID Number Front Panel Feature Feature Description 1 RF IN Type N f 50Ω connector that is connected to the network analyzer RF IN port 2 R Type N f 50Ω connector that is connected to the network analyzer R port 3 A Type N f 50Ω connector that is connected to the network analyzer A port ...

Page 175: ...et when it is communicating with the network analyzer R Remote Operation T Talk mode L Listen mode 7 AUXILIARY 15 pin ribbon f connector that may be connected to the Agilent N4430A B ECal module to provide ECal capability 8 PORT 4 APC 3 5 f connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 9 PORT 3 APC 3 5 f connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm ma...

Page 176: ...2110 0012 3 BIAS 3 PORT 3 BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 4 BIAS 3 FUSE 1 2A Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 5 BUS ADDRESS Switch that is used to set the GPIB address Refer to To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 for further information 6 IEEE 488 24 pin IEEE 488 PCB f connector The GPIB is the commun...

Page 177: ...a transistor 9 BIAS 2 FUSE 1 2A Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 10 BIAS 2 PORT 2 BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 11 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 178: ...tor that is connected to the network analyzer R port 3 A Type N f 50Ω connector that is connected to the network analyzer A port 4 B Type N f 50Ω connector that is connected to the network analyzer B port 5 POWER ON OFF switch that disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the test set The front panel POWER switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains suppl...

Page 179: ...ilent N4430A B ECal module to provide ECal capability 8 PORT 4 APC 3 5 f connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 9 PORT 3 APC 3 5 f connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 10 PORT 2 APC 3 5 f connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 11 PORT 1 APC 3 5 f connector that is connect...

Page 180: ...2110 0012 3 BIAS 3 PORT 3 BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 4 BIAS 3 FUSE 1 2A Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 5 BUS ADDRESS Switch that is used to set the GPIB address Refer to To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 for further information 6 IEEE 488 24 pin IEEE 488 PCB f connector The GPIB is the commun...

Page 181: ...a transistor 9 BIAS 2 FUSE 1 2A Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 10 BIAS 2 PORT 2 BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 11 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 182: ...zer PORT 1 COUPLER connector using a semirigid cable 3 PORT 2 APC 7 connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 4 GPIB STATUS Three LEDs R T and L that display the GPIB status of the test set when it is communicating with the network analyzer R Remote Operation T Talk mode L Listen mode 5 PORT 4 APC 7 connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm max...

Page 183: ...nel POWER switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument 11 B OUT SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer B OUT connector using a semirigid cable 12 B IN SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer B IN connector using a semirigid cable 13 AUXILIARY 15 pin ribbon f connector that may be conn...

Page 184: ...ransistor 4 PORT 4 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 5 PORT 2 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 6 PORT 2 BIAS BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 7 BUS ADDRESS Switch that is used to set the GPIB address Refer to To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 for further information 8...

Page 185: ... Chapter 7 175 10 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 11 REF 1 R IN SMA f connector used as an input reference signal ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 186: ...er A IN connector using a semirigid cable 3 COUPLER IN SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer COUPLER IN connector using a semirigid cable 4 PORT 2 APC 7 connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 5 GPIB STATUS Three LEDs R T and L that display the GPIB status of the test set when it is communicating with the network analyzer R Remote Operat...

Page 187: ...nected to the network analyzer SOURCE OUT connector using a semirigid cable 13 POWER ON OFF switch that disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the test set The front panel POWER switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument 14 AUXILIARY 15 pin ribbon f connector that may be connected to...

Page 188: ... 2110 0012 4 PORT 2 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 5 PORT 2 BIAS BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 6 BUS ADDRESS Switch that is used to set the GPIB address Refer to To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 for further information 7 REF 1 R IN SMA f connector used as an input reference signal 8 R...

Page 189: ...Chapter 7 179 10 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 11 REF 2 R OUT SMA f connector used as an output reference signal ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 190: ...er A IN connector using a semirigid cable 3 COUPLER IN SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer COUPLER IN connector using a semirigid cable 4 PORT 2 APC 7 connector that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 5 GPIB STATUS Three LEDs R T and L that display the GPIB status of the test set when it is communicating with the network analyzer R Remote Operat...

Page 191: ...B OUT connector using a semirigid cable 12 SOURCE OUT SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer SOURCE OUT connector using a semirigid cable 13 POWER ON OFF switch that disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the test set The front panel POWER switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts ...

Page 192: ... 2110 0012 4 PORT 2 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 5 PORT 2 BIAS BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 6 BUS ADDRESS Switch that is used to set the GPIB address Refer to To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 for further information 7 REF 1 R IN SMA f connector used as an input reference signal 8 R...

Page 193: ...Chapter 7 183 10 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 11 REF 2 R OUT SMA f connector used as an output reference signal ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 194: ...g a semirigid cable 3 PORT 2 APC 3 5 m connector with 20 mm nut that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 4 GPIB STATUS Three LEDs R T and L that display the GPIB status of the test set when it is communicating with the network analyzer R Remote Operation T Talk mode L Listen mode 5 POWER ON OFF switch that disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before ot...

Page 195: ...gid cable 10 IN SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer B IN connector using a semirigid cable 11 R IN SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer R CHANNEL IN connector using a semirigid cable 12 OUT SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer B OUT connector using a semirigid cable 13 AUXILIARY 15 pin ribbon f connector that may be connected to the A...

Page 196: ...transistor 4 PORT 4 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 5 PORT 2 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 6 PORT 2 BIAS BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 7 BUS ADDRESS Switch that is used to set the GPIB address Refer to To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 for further information ...

Page 197: ... Chapter 7 187 10 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 11 REF 1 R IN SMA f connector used as an input reference signal ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 198: ... R1 IN connector using a semirigid cable 3 PORT 2 PORT 2 APC 3 5 m connector with 20 mm nut that is connected to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 4 GPIB STATUS Three LEDs R T and L that display the GPIB status of the test set when it is communicating with the network analyzer R Remote Operation T Talk mode L Listen mode 5 POWER ON OFF switch that disconnects the mains circuits fro...

Page 199: ... B IN SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer PORT 2 RCVR B IN connector using a semirigid cable 12 PORT 2 CPLR THRU SMA f connector that is connected to the network analyzer PORT 2 CPLR THRU connector using a semirigid cable 13 AUXILIARY 15 pin ribbon f connector that may be connected to the Agilent N4430A B ECal module to provide ECal capability 14 PORT 1 CPLR THRU SMA f connec...

Page 200: ... 2110 0012 4 PORT 2 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 5 PORT 2 BIAS BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor 6 BUS ADDRESS Switch that is used to set the GPIB address Refer to To Set the GPIB Addresses on page 38 for further information 7 REF 1 R IN SMA f connector used as an input reference signal 8 R...

Page 201: ...Chapter 7 191 10 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 11 REF 2 R OUT SMA f connector used as an output reference signal ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 202: ... connector using a semirigid cable 3 PORT 2 2 4 mm bulkhead test port connector that is connect to the DUT or fixture 17 dBm maximum operating level 4 GPIB STATUS Three LEDs R T and L that display the GPIB status of the test set when it is communicating with the network analyzer R Remote Operation T Talk mode L Listen mode 5 PORT 4 2 4 mm bulkhead test port connector that is connect to the DUT or ...

Page 203: ...ble 12 AUXILIARY 15 pin ribbon f connector Not currently used 13 CPLR THRU 2 4 mm f connector that connects to the network analyzer PORT 1 CPLR THRU connector using a semirigid cable 14 A IN 2 4 mm f connector that connects to the network analyzer PORT 1 A IN connector using a semirigid cable 15 LINE ON OFF switch that disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the ...

Page 204: ...er information 4 REF 1 R IN 2 4 mm f connector used as an input reference signal 5 REF 1 R OUT 2 4 mm f connector used as an output reference signal 6 Power Cord Connector Connector 100 120 Vac or 220 250Vac input and Fuse T 2 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0681 7 IEEE 488 24 pin IEEE 488 PCB f connector The GPIB is the communication bus with the PC and the network analyzer 8 PORT 2 BIAS BNC f...

Page 205: ...r 7 195 10 PORT 4 FUSE Bias Fuse 0 5 A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0012 11 PORT 4 BIAS BNC f connector The bias port is used to supply a dc voltage to an active DUT such as an amplifier or a transistor ID Number Rear Panel Feature Feature Description ...

Page 206: ...ut Voltage Range 100 to 120 Volts 220 to 250 Volts Frequency Range 47 to 62 Hertz Power 40 VA Environmental Operating Conditions The environmental operating conditions for the multiport test set are listed below Operating Environment Indoor use Altitude Operating 0 to 2 0 km 6 560 ft Storage 0 to 15 24 km 50 000 ft Temperature 0 C to 40 C Maximum Relative Humidity 80 for temperatures up to 31 C de...

Page 207: ...f the multiport test sets are listed below Weight and Dimensions Model Number Weight Dimensions Height A Width B Depth C N4413A N4414A N4415A N4416A N4417A N4418A and N4419A 9 0 kilograms 19 9 pounds 3 0 in 7 62 cm 16 75 in 42 55 cm 19 25 in 48 90 cm N4421A 9 0 kilograms 19 9 pounds 5 5 in 13 97 cm 16 75 in 42 55 cm 16 75 in 42 55 cm ...

Page 208: ...Instrument Information Specifications and Characteristics Chapter 7 198 ...

Page 209: ...199 8 Safety and Regulatory Information ...

Page 210: ...ries N4413A N4414A N4415A N4416A N4417A N4418A N4419A and N4421A multiport test set from mains before cleaning Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts Do not attempt to clean internally Positioning the System for Use When setting up the multiport test system for use position the equipment so that the front panel power switch is easy to reach Shipment fo...

Page 211: ...ating the multiport test system CAUTION Caution denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure that if not correctly performed or adhered to would result in damage to or destruction of the instrument Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met WARNING Warning denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed...

Page 212: ...e AC symbol The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power The instruction documentation symbol The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the documentation The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community If accompanied by a year it is when the design was proven The CSA mark is a reg...

Page 213: ... earth contact Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument is likely to make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited CAUTION Always use the three prong AC power cord supplied with this product Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause product damage Before Applying Power CAUTION Install the instrument so th...

Page 214: ...vicing unless you are qualified to do so WARNING The opening of covers or removal of parts is likely to expose dangerous voltages Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is being opened WARNING The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that may remain live for 5 seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply WARNING For continued protection against fire haz...

Page 215: ...he equipment could be impaired This product must be used in a normal condition in which all means for protection are intact only CAUTION This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively CAUTION VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS When installing the product in a cabinet the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted The a...

Page 216: ...lies with Canadian ICES 001 Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB du Canada Compliance with German Noise Requirements This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration for Machines Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordung 3 GSGV Deutschland Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission LpA 70 dB LpA 70 dB Operator position am Arbeitspl...

Page 217: ...Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information Chapter 8 207 Declaration of Conformity ...

Page 218: ...Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information Chapter 8 208 ...

Page 219: ...209 A Other Technical Procedures ...

Page 220: ...Appendix A 210 This appendix contains a procedure that may be helpful to you using the balanced measurement software Refer to the following procedure Waveguide Characterization Procedure on page 211 IF Gain Adjustment on page 212 ...

Page 221: ...USING ASCII and FORMAT ARY ON off softkeys 4 Import this measured data into the balanced measurement software by clicking Import and Import S2P on the File menu 5 Export the data as a citifile by selecting Export and Citifile on the File menu 6 Open the Citifile in a text editor The first three lines of the file are shown below CITIFILE A 01 00 NAME S Parameters VAR FREQ MAG 400 7 Insert the follo...

Page 222: ...e of the PNA Series Network Analyzer Connect the test set to the analyzer before adjusting the IF gain NOTE When the analyzer is removed from the test set for service or for other applications that do not require the test set the IF gain adjustment must be run again to return the R Channel receiver ALC gain back to normal Adjustment Test 1 Close the PNA Series Network Analyzer window 2 Open My Com...

Page 223: ...PNA Network Analyzer Window 4 Double click ifgainadjust exe 5 Minimize the PNA Network Analyzer window when it appears You should see the IF Gain Adjust window Figure A 2 IF Gain Adjustment Window 6 Select the test set in the Select Specials if any pull down menu and click on Begin Adj ...

Page 224: ...Other Technical Procedures IF Gain Adjustment Appendix A 214 ...

Page 225: ...dd Gate 92 address switch 166 170 174 178 182 186 190 194 adjustment IF gain 19 212 Agilent Technologies offices 160 200 aliasing 96 altitude 196 ALT Z On indicator 13 121 analyzing data with user defined displays 65 annotation adding a timestamp 127 adding to prints 107 clear 127 field 127 Ansoft format 106 assistance getting 160 asymmetrical device 64 asymmetry 64 attenuation 47 attenuation box ...

Page 226: ...bol 202 changing the reference level 15 characteristics 196 197 characterization file 43 file adapter 45 interpolating adapter 114 waveguide 211 characterize active devices 58 adapters 41 44 150 passive devices 57 single ended devices 60 checking the calibration 41 chirp z transform 80 CitiFile 45 102 103 cleaning connectors 158 cleaning the test set 200 clearing all data 146 clearing stored data ...

Page 227: ...atch 71 dimensions 197 disabling transforms 144 disk printing to a 127 disk saving measurements to 108 display 145 acquisition information 146 adding a user defined 139 configuration 121 configurations 49 deleting a user defined 143 equations viewing user defined 144 modifying a user defined 142 parameters copying and pasting 10 properties 14 properties menu 50 settings before calibration 126 sett...

Page 228: ...rations 205 Geraeuschemission 206 German noise requirements compliance 206 golden device 41 GPIB 38 address 38 124 159 address setup 124 address switch 166 170 174 178 182 186 190 194 automatic configuration 124 card 6 125 connections 18 connector 166 170 174 178 182 186 190 194 Detection and Configuration dialog box 124 interface status 124 STATUS LEDs 165 169 172 176 180 184 188 192 graph name 1...

Page 229: ...nsmission line 94 M main menu 11 main screen 10 47 maintenance 200 making connections 158 making measurements 47 manual test set control 147 marker indicators 13 printing readouts 109 128 search 50 markers displaying active 53 displaying all 53 moving 52 property box 53 using 50 using to display relative values 53 Markers Active 51 markings 202 masking 94 mat floor static control 154 mat table sta...

Page 230: ...0 dB step attenuator 7 add bias tees 7 balanced measurement 7 interface adapter 7 rack mount flange kit 7 source step attenuator 7 test port cable 7 options multiport test system 7 options network analyzer 3 orientation adapter 44 orientation reverse adapter 116 OUT connector 185 P packing materials 200 parallel RL impedance 121 parameter selection 11 passive device characterization 57 PC requirem...

Page 231: ...ker 128 real display 14 rear panel N4413A 166 N4414A 170 N4415A 174 N4416A 178 N4417A 182 N4418A 186 N4419A 190 N4421A 194 REF 1 R IN connector 175 178 182 187 190 194 REF 1 R OUT connector 174 178 182 186 190 194 REF 2 R IN connector 178 182 186 190 194 REF 2 R OUT connector 179 183 186 191 194 REFERENCE 1 RCVR R1 IN connector 188 1 SOURCE OUT connector 188 2 RCVR R2 IN connector 189 2 SOURCE OUT...

Page 232: ... 200 shipping materials 200 short circuit standard 75 signal channel 159 signatures time domain 84 simultaneous conjugate match 74 single parameter display 91 single plot displays 50 single ended device 60 device characterization 60 performance 61 transform 130 skew 63 64 skipping indicators point 13 skipping points 56 Smith chart display 14 Smith chart scaling 16 software compatible data from old...

Page 233: ...R 82 signatures 84 transmission TDT 82 timestamp for printed copies 109 timestamp adding a 127 torque connector 155 trace color 137 math 49 memory 48 136 monotonic 78 Trace Memory dialog box 136 transform 1 balanced port 145 1 single ended 1 balanced port 145 2 balanced ports 144 2 single ended 1 balanced port 145 balanced 130 132 disabling a 144 single ended 130 transmission impulse 85 line lossl...

Page 234: ... 224 when to calibrate 40 width 197 Windows operating system compatible versions 6 workstation static safe 154 wrist strap ESD 154 Z Zero Length 92 zoom in and out scaling 15 zooming frequency indicators 13 ...

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