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ABEM Terrameter LS

90

Linearity

0.005 %

Range

Auto range of measurement

±2.5V, >100M

Ω

±15V, 30 M

Ω

(fully differential)

±600V, 20 M

Ω

Flat Frequency Response

better than 1 % up to 300 Hz

10.4

Transmitter

Output power

250 W

Current transmission

True Current Transmitter

Output Current Accuracy

better than 0.4 %

Maximum Output Current

2500 mA

Maximum Output Voltage

+ / - 600 V (1200 V peak to peak)

Instant Polarity Changer

YES

Accuracy

0.4 %

Precision

0.1 %

Self Diagnostics

Temperature, Power dissipation monitoring

Safety

Emergency Interrupter easily accessible

Tx Monitor

Full waveform monitored

Accuracy

0.2 %

Precision

0.1 %

10.5

Relay Switch

Switching matrix

Internal 10 X 64

Roll-along

YES full coverage, both 2 & 3D. All 84 take-
outs in an ABEM standard four-cable array are
active for roll-along

Array types Default

Multiple gradient, dipole-dipole, pole-dipole,
pole-pole, Wenner, Schlumberger, etc.

Electrode Test

YES, Focus One

10.6

Software & Communication

Terrameter LS is controlled using the incorporated Firmware. It supports Multi-
Electrode Survey Systems for 2D & 3D for Resistivity, IP & SP Imaging &
Monitoring.

It has a Graphical User Interface that is easy to follow in all its aspects. Clear and
instructive graphics assists the user in the operation of the instrument.

For enhanced Data Quality Control in the field it is possible to display the measured
Multi-Electrode Resistivity Imaging data in near real time as a pseudo section. Thanks
to access points as USB and RJ 45 (for LAN) transfer of data to other computers is
extremely simple.

For full inversion of data external software is required. Most common today is
RES2DINVor RES3DINV. This program supports data formats provided with the
help of the Terrameter LS software.

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Summary of Contents for Terrameter LS

Page 1: ...Instruction Manual Terrameter LS ABEM Product Number 33 3000 95 ABEM 20120109 based on release 1 9 ...

Page 2: ...ABEM Terrameter LS ...

Page 3: ...nical questions support abem se Information about ABEM s product range is available on Internet www abem se In general e mail correspondence gives the fastest response In view of our policy of progressive development we reserve the right to alter specifications without prior notice Note It is important that you as the user of the instrument notify ABEM about your name and address This allows us to...

Page 4: ...ME It covers the servicing and adjusting of any defective parts except tubes transistors fuses and batteries The Warranty is effective for twelve 12 months after the date of Bill of Lading or other delivery document issued to the original purchaser provided that the instrument is returned carriage paid to ABEM and is shown to ABEM s satisfaction to be defective If misuse or abnormal conditions hav...

Page 5: ...hile the system is operating Wear electrically insulating boots and gloves during fieldwork Disconnect cables from Terrameter Electrode Selector before connecting disconnecting electrodes to from cables To avoid accident the operator must always keep all parts of the equipment including instrument electrode selector electrode cables electrodes etc under control for unauthorized persons and stray a...

Page 6: ...trument 4 2 1 The Connector Panel 4 2 2 The Power Panel 5 2 3 The Built in GPS Receiver 6 2 4 The User Interface Panel 6 2 5 The Power Supply 7 2 6 Operating in High Temperature Situations 8 2 7 Operating in a Thunderstorm 8 3 The User Interface 9 3 1 The Display 9 3 2 The Keyboard 10 3 3 Navigation 12 3 4 The Option Menus 15 3 5 Changing Texts and Values 15 3 6 Data Concepts 18 4 The Instrument 2...

Page 7: ...Vertical Electrical Sounding 57 6 11 Full Waveform Data 64 6 12 Measurement Errors 64 7 Measurement Post Production 67 7 1 Repack the LS system 67 7 2 Export Measurement Data 67 7 3 Delete a Project 71 8 Terrameter LS Utility Software 72 8 1 Instrument Network Address 72 8 2 Spread and Protocol Handling 73 8 3 Data Transfer 77 8 4 View and Export Data 79 8 5 Update Terrameter LS Instrument Softwar...

Page 8: ... 94 12 3 Protocol Files in XML format 96 12 4 Spread Files for Pole dipole 98 12 5 Protocol Files for Pole dipole 98 12 6 Spread Files for Pole pole 99 12 7 Protocol Files for Pole pole 99 12 8 Optimising the Use of Channels for Pole pole 100 12 9 Protocol Files in XML format for VES 100 12 10 Cable Description Files in ADR format 101 12 11 Protocol Files in ORG format 102 12 12 Geometry Files 103...

Page 9: ...is manual for highlighting special messages Use of the internal keyboard is given in this format A sequence of steps will have two or more of these parts Further information about this particular usage is given like this Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest Warning Ignoring this type of notes might lead to loss of data or a malfunction These notes war...

Page 10: ...ABEM Terrameter LS v ...

Page 11: ...e geoelectrical imaging except electrode cables and electrodes The built in GPS automatically logs the instrument position during data acquisition provided there is adequate GPS signal reception Terrameter LS is fully compatible with existing parts of the ABEM Lund Imaging System like electrode cables cable joints cable jumpers electrodes and electrode selectors for expansion Figure 1 shows a comp...

Page 12: ...25 Documentation kit User Manual Warranty Registration Card Figure 2 Terrameter LS for basic imaging 1 3 Inspection Inspect the instrument and accessories for loose connections and inspect the instrument case for any damage that may have occurred due to rough handling during shipment The instrument is delivered in a reusable plywood box The box is designed to offer a convenient and safe transport ...

Page 13: ...ver use shredded fibres paper or wood wool as these materials tend to pack down and permit the instrument to move inside its packing box To return instruments to ABEM please find our shipping instructions on our website For further assistance please contact ABEM or its authorised distributor Contact information can be found in the beginning of this document 1 6 Registration When you have checked t...

Page 14: ...ot VES Ground Connection P1 P2 Channel 1 Potential electrodes Figure 3 The Connector panel of Terrameter LS The connectors Label Function USB Connection of USB memory sticks keyboard external GPS etc Electrode 1 32 32 pole connector for electrode cables 1 2 Electrode 33 64 32 pole connector for electrode cables 2 2 not VES edition C1 C2 Banana plug connection for current electrodes for instance fo...

Page 15: ...dition Current can only be transmitted if the Emergency Stop Button is in the outer position If the Emergency Stop Button is pressed during measurement current transmission will stop immediately without closing down the measurement session The measurement can be resumed again as soon as the button is released The Emergency Stop Button is released to the outer position by twisting it clockwise Befo...

Page 16: ...rom a sufficient number of satellites This will normally not function indoors and in outdoor areas with limited viewing angle towards the sky the function can be limited for example in a forest Figure 5 The GPS antenna is integrated in the left side of the handle 2 4 The User Interface Panel All interaction with the Terrameter LS is done through the user interface panel Figure 6 points out the par...

Page 17: ...y switch to the internal battery This function even works during the initial start up process This useful feature makes it possible to disconnect the external battery temporarily without shutting the instrument off when for instance moving from one measurement station to another The battery switching device will in any situation give priority to the external battery if its voltage is more than 9 V...

Page 18: ...nt may temporary indicate low battery voltage while transmitting high current into the ground 2 6 Operating in High Temperature Situations Every individual Terrameter LS is operated for at least one hour in a heat chamber during the delivery test During normal operating condition a thermal fuse will turn off the instrument if overheating occurs This is to prevent damage and it will of course halt ...

Page 19: ...ct and Task Tabs Navigation Menu Item View Status Bar Notification Icons Figure 7 The screen layout The Screen layout parts Navigation Menu Item and Tabs are described in chapter 3 3 Navigation View shows different information depending on where the user has navigated Active Project and Task shows the currently opened Project and Task Status Bar shows interactive messages in the left part and noti...

Page 20: ...lt in keyboard buttons The corresponding function of the buttons are summarised below Memo not implemented Menu Show the Navigation menu Play Stop Jump to the Measure Progress View Start or stop measuring Power Turn instrument on or off Browse Jump between the Tabs of a navigation Menu Item Up Move Cursor Highlight up Clear Close dialog Left Move Cursor Highlight left Down Move Cursor Highlight do...

Page 21: ...ed to the Terrameter LS and used instead of the built in keyboard The mapping between the built in buttons and the computer keyboard is listed in Table 4 F9 Arrow Left Alt Arrow Down F10 Arrow Right F12 Shift Tab F11 Arrow Up Enter Esc Table 4 Mapping between built in keyboard and external keyboard ...

Page 22: ...ur Menu Items each with a number of Sub Items The form Menu Item Sub Item will be used in this document from now on when referring to a specific View for instance Instrument Network for the network information View Figure 8 The Navigation Menu over the Projects Welcome View The details of the Navigation Menu are marked in Figure 9 Sub Items Menu Items Figure 9 Navigation menu Projects Menu Item We...

Page 23: ...ward Press Shift Browse to step backwards Make a direct change to the Measure Progress View Press Play Stop Using the Navigation Menu Press Menu to bring up the Navigation Menu Press Up and or Down to step up and down in the Navigation Menu Press Right to open a closed Menu Item and show its Sub Items Press Ok to show the View of the highlight If a Menu Item instead of a Sub Item is highlighted th...

Page 24: ...reate will be shown Pressing Ok will in this case change View to the Project Task List of the active Project This View is explained in chapter 3 6 2 Otherwise if the active Project does have a Task then the name of the active Task will be shown See Figure 10 for an example Pressing Ok will in this case change to the Measure Progress View of this Task This View is explained in chapter 6 9 1 For the...

Page 25: ...k to perform the action of the highlighted menu item The content of the option menu will differ depending on what type of line that is highlighted when the Options button is pressed It functions similar to a right click context menu on a desktop PC 3 5 Changing Texts and Values There are mainly three different ways to change values Choosing from a fixed set of values see 3 5 1 Editing texts for in...

Page 26: ... enter text and data values One emulator is alphanumeric and the other is numeric Alternatively an external keyboard can be used Figure 14 Alphanumerical keyboard emulator Input Keys Edit Text Figure 15 Numerical keypad emulator with its parts pointed out The edit text will be highlighted when a keyboard emulator is opened Opening a keyboard emulator Make sure the text to be edited is highlighted ...

Page 27: ...raditional PC keyboard Press Ok once for every character to be deleted Resetting the edit text to 0 in the numerical keypad emulator Press Down to move the cursor from the edit text to the input keys Press Right until the C input key is selected Press Ok and the number is replaced with a 0 Changing the edit text Press Left and or Right to move the cursor to the correct place within the edit text P...

Page 28: ... to handle and present measurement data in a comprehensible way They are Project Task and Template This chapter will explain these concepts as well as explain how to use them on the actual instrument 3 6 1 Project A Project is a container for measurement Tasks Typically the Tasks of a Project are from the same site Projects are managed in the Projects Project List View Figure 16 Here Projects can ...

Page 29: ...tem highlighted The Menu Items of the Project option menu Open The Project is made active and the Projects Task List for the Project is shown Delete A confirmation dialog is shown and the Project will be deleted if the user confirms the deletion Figure 18 Export see chapter 7 2 4 Export a Project Rename see below Create New Project Creates a new Project Figure 18 Confirm Project Delete dialog Rena...

Page 30: ...highlight to Rename Figure 19 Press Ok and the Rename form will be shown Figure 20 Keep the cursor in the name box and press Ok to bring up the keyboard emulator chapter 3 5 2 Figure 19 Project option menu with the Rename item highlighted Figure 20 Rename dialog ...

Page 31: ...th 4x21 cables or the 2D layout with 4x16 cables Furthermore a protocol file is selected and electrode take out spacings are given Move the highlight to the topmost row Create New Task Press Ok and the Create New Task dialog will be shown Figure 22 Press Left and or Right to pick the electrode spread Press Down to highlight Protocol Press Left and or Right to pick the protocol file If the default ...

Page 32: ...sk item of the Task option menu can be used to create a new Task see below Note After creating a new Task it may be necessary to check and possibly modify the data acquisition settings before starting taking measurements For this reason the Settings Receiver View will automatically be shown for a newly created Task see chapter 5 2 2 Data Acquisition Settings Opening the Task option menu Move the h...

Page 33: ...nfirms the deletion Figure 24 Export see chapters 7 2 1 7 2 2 and 7 2 3 Export a Task as New from a new Task will be created with the highlighted Task as a template This works just like for an ordinary Template but fulfils its purpose on its own see 3 6 3 Template Create New Task Creates a new Task Figure 24 Confirm Task Delete dialog Renaming a Task A new Task will automatically be named after th...

Page 34: ...ress Ok to bring up the keyboard emulator chapter 3 5 2 Figure 25 Task Option menu with the Rename item highlighted 3 6 3 Template A complete measuring setup from a Task can be saved as a Template This makes it easy to create a new Task with exactly the same data acquisition settings as used previously avoiding the risk to overlook changing any setting Note There is no acquisition data stored in a...

Page 35: ...w Templates can only be created in the Projects Task List View Create a Template that is save the settings from a Task as a Template Open the Projects Task List View Move the highlight to the wanted Task Press Options and the Task option menu will be shown Move the highlight the Save as template item Figure 27 Press Ok ...

Page 36: ...menu of Figure 28 will be shown Figure 28 Template Option menu with the New from item highlighted The Menu Items of the Template option menu New from creates a new Task from this Template see chapter 3 6 2 Task for more information about the creating Tasks procedure Rename see below Delete A confirmation dialog is shown Figure 29 and the Template will be deleted if the user confirms the deletion ...

Page 37: ... named after the Task it was created from This name can be edited Open the Template option menu Move the highlight to Rename Press Ok and the Rename form will be shown This is similar to the rename form of the Project Figure 20 Keep the cursor in the name box and press Ok to bring up the keyboard emulator chapter 3 5 2 ...

Page 38: ...t Settings and information that is specific to the instrument are handled in the Instrument Menu Item of the Navigation Menu Figure 30 Each Sub Item is explained below Figure 30 Navigation menu Instrument Menu Item Storage Sub Item marked ...

Page 39: ...en to the instrument will be displayed on the Instrument Network View Two IP numbers may be displayed The first is assigned for use in the local network The local network address is labelled eth0 and is needed for establishing communication to the instrument via a network connection using the Terrameter LS Utility Software see chapter 8 The second is only displayed if a connection can be establish...

Page 40: ...procedure is to be followed Before leaving the office 1 Remove the LS from the network and set DHCP server to On 2 Turn off the LS On the measuring site 3 Start the LS without network cable connected 4 Start the PC 5 Wait until the LS has started and have an IP address of its own This is checked in the Instrument Network View Note This View is not updated automatically It is necessary to change to...

Page 41: ...e certain that the DHCP server is set to OFF on the Terrameter LS If an instrument with the DHCP server activated is connected to a network with another DHCP server active it can create chaos in the network and seriously affect other users in the network 4 3 The GPS Receiver The GPS View Figure 34 shows the receiving status for the GPS and the present position of the instrument provided sufficient...

Page 42: ...ows measurement with many receiver channels without having a prohibitively large relay switch2 The design chosen here provides a good compromise between capability vs physical size and cost and is suitable for multi channel measurements For a 4 channel instrument it is possible for each measuring channel to measure on an arbitrary electrode pair between 1 and 64 with no restriction For an instrume...

Page 43: ... all receiver pairs can be measured within one current transmission that will be done but if necessary measuring will be divided on two or more rounds Hence it is allowed to list more receiver combinations than there are measuring channels in the instrument within one Measure section The measurement efficiency will of course be dependent on for example how many measurements there are per current e...

Page 44: ...by using external power or by doing a minor hardware modification of the ES10 64 controller board Please contact ABEM in case you experience this problem Instrument software version 1 5 1 or higher is required to use an external relay switch The software will attempt to connect with the ES10 64 at measuring start provided the selected spread and protocol file demands an external relay switch The s...

Page 45: ...stance to make the water stay in place during measurements for instance drilling polymer or bentonite In cases with paved surfaces it may be necessary to drill holes for inserting the electrodes Electrical installations and grounded metal objects may disturb the measurements and create noise be observant and take notes of possible sources of disturbance 5 2 Preparing Data Acquisition 5 2 1 Create ...

Page 46: ...ABEM Terrameter LS 36 Figure 38 Navigation menu Settings Menu Item Receiver Sub Item marked Figure 39 Receiver settings view ...

Page 47: ...r how long signal averaging lasts for each part of the measuring cycle Delay time plus integration time defines the total duration of a current transmission pulse In the case of resistivity mode measuring however double integration time is used for the negative part of the current pulse see Appendix B Measurement Modes Acq Time The acquisition time should always be set to a multiple of the power l...

Page 48: ...power loss can be specified for example in order to keep internal heat generation limited Normally 50W works well Max output voltage Maximum output voltage from the transmitter can be limited if for example the electrode cables used are not designed for the maximum voltage Electrode Test Electrode test is carried out using the Focus One method in which the resistance of each electrode is measured ...

Page 49: ...View Figure 41 The current off time will be equivalent to IP Minimum Off Time except if the total sum of IP delay times and the sum of integration time for IP windows are larger It is recommended to set each IP time window to a multiple of the local power line net frequency period time for instance 20 40 60 or 100 ms in case of 50 Hz frequency ...

Page 50: ... and press Ok when the Create New Station Roll Along row is highlighted Figure 42 Create new station command on the measuring progress view The properties of the new station are defined in the Create New Station dialog Figure 43 Figure 43 Create new station dialog The top of the dialog shows the coordinate location of the cable spread shown in meters as well as in electrode distance Note that the ...

Page 51: ...automatically updated with the correct step when doing roll along so if the first station coordinate is set correctly the rest will follow 5 2 4 Cable Exclusion For a 4x21 take out cable system Cable 1 should be excluded at the first station and similarly Cable 4 should be excluded at the last station This procedure is described in section 6 5 2D Electrical Imaging Excluding a cable also see Secti...

Page 52: ...electrode cables connected to it or an external Electrode Selector During the entire duration of an electrode contact test or measurement session it is the responsibility of the operator always to have full control of the entire electrode cable layout so that people and animals do not get close to the electrodes and electrode take outs connected to the measurement cables 6 2 Essential Equipment Th...

Page 53: ...ckets before pouring the mixture into plastic bottles of convenient size At least an additional double amount of electrodes and jumpers if operating in areas with dry ground giving contact difficulties Spray paint and pegs to mark out profile lines Non metallic ruling tape to measure distance from profile line to reference objects or to measure electrode spacing if smaller spacing than the take ou...

Page 54: ...f higher coordinate numbers It is a good rule to have the profiles always running south to north or west to east instead of north to south or east to west to avoid confusion when the results are to be presented unless an existing co ordinate system demands else For all protocol files using the standard Lund Imaging System cable layout of four cables with 21 take outs each the procedure described b...

Page 55: ... ground and connected however hammering and wetting is often needed Check the contact surfaces between electrode take outs cable jumpers and electrodes for dirt and oxide which can ruin the data quality and clean if needed Link together inner and outer electrode cables using the white cable joints Connect the Terrameter LS at the centre of the cable spread that is between cable 2 and cable 3 Turn ...

Page 56: ...6 21 32 or 41 electrodes 2 Decide which electrode configuration to use Pole dipole both forward and reverse measurements is often preferred as it offers good depth penetration and sensitivity towards the edges on limited cable layouts plus good resolution Dipole dipole or multiple gradient array measurements are good options if it is not practical to use a remote electrode 3 Select a suitable prot...

Page 57: ...procedure as described above is not sufficient for 3D surveys in which case a grid of electrodes can be used Since the built in relay switch of a single Terrameter LS can switch 64 electrodes the maximum layout size is 8 x 8 electrodes For larger electrode layouts external relay switches can be connected to Terrameter LS 6 8 Borehole borehole Tomography Borehole measurements require electrode cabl...

Page 58: ...nder which there are four Views Progress Resistivity Results Pseudo Section and Electrodes Figure 51 Navigation menu Measure Menu Item Progress Sub Item marked 6 9 1 Starting the Measurement Starting a measurement Navigate to the Measure Progress View Move the highlight to the Start Measuring row Figure 52 Press Ok ...

Page 59: ... setup involves transmitting current that is if the measurement mode is resistivity or IP a warning message is issued Warning Read the warning text Figure 53 carefully before accepting to start the measuring process and carry out the data acquisition accordingly Figure 53 Electric shock warning dialog ...

Page 60: ...one by the focus one method If the electrodes are all properly connected and well grounded and the ground resistance is not too high in relation to the selected current the measuring process will commence immediately after the electrode contact test is finished If any electrode with insufficient contact is detected this will be reported in the progress list and the software will stop and wait for ...

Page 61: ...t have been done out of the total number of measurements for the station When the measurement is ready the Status Bar will show Measuring done and the stop measuring row will be replaced with a No data points to measure statement Figure 56 All significant events that occur during the measurements process are listed in the log on the Measure Progress page that is the large grey area It is important...

Page 62: ...ABEM Terrameter LS 52 Figure 56 Measurement ready example The data can be viewed on line in the form of a table on the Measure Resistivity Results View Figure 57 Figure 57 Resistivity results view ...

Page 63: ...ing channel number position of the electrodes used for that measurement normally in the form cable electrode measured quantity delta voltage or current normalised standard deviation variation coefficient resistance apparent resistivity and if applicable chargeability There is a difference for the transmitter channel row where the output voltage is shown in the resistance column Another way to disp...

Page 64: ...so that these data points can be re measured Deleting data Stop an ongoing measurement 6 9 4 Pausing Stopping the Data Acquisition Highlight the row in the progress list that represents the point from which data should be re measured Press Options Highlight Delete measurements after Mxxxx Mxxxx represents a measurement id Figure 60 Press Ok Figure 60 Delete data points Option menu This action will...

Page 65: ...ng Stopping the Data Acquisition Highlight the Deleted Measurements row in the progress list that represents the point from which data should be undeleted Press Options Highlight Undelete Measurements Mxxx Mxxx n xxx Mxxxx represents a measurement id Figure 62 Press Ok Figure 62 Undelete Delete data points Option menu ...

Page 66: ...eate a new entry this time called Undeleted Measurement Mxxx Mxxx n xxx with the same numbers as the Deleted entry Figure 63 Figure 63 Example of undeleted data points A new measurement can be started when data points have been deleted or undeleted ...

Page 67: ... measurement protocol and thus the electrode coordinates will automatically be saved together with the measured data The measurement protocols must be written in a special format see Appendix 12 9 Protocol Files in XML format for VES In VES mode there will be primarily three Views involved The Measure Progress View Figure 65 will be used to start and stop measurements as usual The active electrode...

Page 68: ...l the electrode positions that are pre defined in the protocol file Figure 65 The Progress view in VES mode In VES mode a line with a MN 2 and AB 2 electrode position will be shown on the Progress View Figure 65 This is the active electrode position Changing the active electrode position from the Progress View Highlight the MN x AB x row in the progress list Press Left and or Right Possible new el...

Page 69: ...position is the one that is shown on the second row of the Progress View Figure 65 The Electrode Positions View will be empty when the instrument is not in VES mode Changing the active electrode position from the Electrode Positions View Highlight the wanted electrode position in the list Press Ok A new electrode position can be created for use during the measurement session Note Please observe th...

Page 70: ...nd potential electrodes M and N The electrode positions shall be given as the distance to the midpoint of the electrode spread Choose the correct settings Yes or No for B Remote and N Remote If B Remote or N Remote is set to Yes then any numbers specified for B m or N m will be ignored Press Down to highlight the OK button Press Ok The new electrode position will be shown first in the list and wil...

Page 71: ...ved to the desired physical position and check that everyone stands clear of the electrodes and cables Navigate to the Measure Progress View Quickest way to do this is to press Play Pause Highlight the Start Measuring row in the progress list Press Ok The Electric Shock Warning will now be displayed Warning Do not press OK until it is verified that no person or animal is touching any part of the e...

Page 72: ...rrent transmission must be stopped immediately with the Emergency Stop Button Figure 69 Progress view in VES mode during on going measuring When the measurement is ready the Status Bar will show Measuring done and the stop measuring row will be replaced with a No data points to measure statement Figure 70 Figure 70 Part of the Progress view in VES mode after measuring a data point Measuring the ne...

Page 73: ...Curve In VES mode a sounding curve will be shown in a double logarithmic diagram on the VES Curve View Figure 71 Focus depth median depth penetration will be on the vertical axis and apparent resistivity on the horizontal axis Figure 71 A VES Curve View example ...

Page 74: ...ise the data acquisition process especially for IP measurements which are more sensitive to noise than resistivity measurements Chapter 5 2 2 Data Acquisition Settings describes how this feature is turned on or off Be aware that turning the feature on means saving large amounts of data that can fill the disk and will take significant time to transfer from the instrument to a PC It is not recommend...

Page 75: ...he same type of error occurring later Accept this and all similar and continue The data point is marked as failed and the measurement is resumed with the next data point The error dialog will not be shown again for the same type of error occurring later in this measurement A list of error messages follows Error message Comment Emergency stop The Emergency Stop Button has been pressed Power source ...

Page 76: ...ABEM Terrameter LS 66 Here are some examples of the text area information for different measurement errors ...

Page 77: ...in the following subchapters or by using the Utility Software see chapter 8 Terrameter LS Utility Software Note It is strongly recommended for users to always transfer the Project database and store it for future use It may turn out that more information than the standard export formats provide becomes desirable Also in case of need of support from ABEM s support department you are likely to be as...

Page 78: ...port to the USB memory device Figure 74 Figure 74 Export task to DAT confirmation dialog 7 2 2 Export a Task as a TXT Text File Export as a TXT file Navigate to the Projects Task List View Highlight the Task to export Press Options Highlight Export task as TXT Figure 75 Press Ok ...

Page 79: ...export to the USB memory device Figure 76 Figure 76 Export task to TXT confirmation dialog 7 2 3 Export a Task as a USF File Export as a USF file Navigate to the Projects Task List View Highlight the Task to export Press Options Highlight Export task as USF Figure 77 Press Ok ...

Page 80: ...he data was acquired including full waveform data then all samples will be copied as well Note Exporting with full waveform data may take several minutes or even tens of minutes for larger Projects and it is often a better option to copy the data via the utility software and an Ethernet connection instead see chapter 8 Terrameter LS Utility Software Export a Project Navigate to the Projects Projec...

Page 81: ...g 7 3 Delete a Project Deleting a Project Navigate to the Projects Project List View Highlight the Project to delete Press Options Highlight Delete Project Figure 81 Press Ok Confirm that you want to delete the Project Figure 82 Warning This will delete all data in the Project permanently Figure 81 Project options menu Figure 82 Delete Project confirmation dialog ...

Page 82: ...errameter LS to the same network as the computer Check the network address of the Terrameter LS on the Instrument Network View the numbers that follow after eth0 is the network address and enter it as Terrameter LS Network Address As a convenience the Utility Software will remember the latest used network addresses These can be accessed from a drop down list When using the utility software to comm...

Page 83: ...It is also possible to convert older files to Terrameter LS compatible files Select the Protocols Transfer Spread and Protocol Files menu item to open the Terrameter LS Protocol Handling dialog Figure 85 An empty spread and protocol handling dialog As noted above 8 1 the correct instrument network address must be set up Before any file handling functions are made active a communication must be est...

Page 84: ...tton makes it possible to add spread and protocol files to the instrument from the PC Clicking the button will open a dialog from which one or more files can be selected for upload By clicking on a spread or a protocol in one of the lists that file will be made available for the three command buttons in the Terrameter LS frame of the dialog The following functions are now available Copy file from ...

Page 85: ...d protocol files in the style used by Terrameter SAS1000 SAS4000 into the XML format used by Terrameter LS can be done via the utility software Select the Protocols Convert ADR to XML Spread File Figure 88 or Protocols Convert ORG to XML Protocol File Figure 89 menu item to start a conversion Simply press Start select the input file to convert and then the name and the location of the output file ...

Page 86: ...ABEM Terrameter LS 76 Figure 88 Conversion of ADR file to spread file in XML format Figure 89 Conversion of ORG file to protocol file in XML format ...

Page 87: ...l check the LS Network Address see 8 1 and then click List Projects to fetch a list of Projects from the instrument Figure 90 Data transfer dialog with listed projects Now make sure that the data directory in the PC is setup as desired The imported Project files will be saved in subdirectories under this data directory and a metafile with summary information about the Project will be saved directl...

Page 88: ...1 Information about possible long copying duration Finally click the Get Project s button to start the data transfer Figure 92 Data transfer dialog after completed transfer After data has been copied to the computer it is possible to open the Project database from within the utility software and view the data or export it in different formats for example DAT format see 8 4 ...

Page 89: ...e contents and export data in different formats Note If the opened Project is large then the actions described in this chapter might be slow Figure 93 Project data dialog First select the Task to work with in the list Performing actions on the selected Task is then either done by right clicking in the list and then selecting a menu item from the pop up menu Figure 94 Right click pop up menu ...

Page 90: ...ndividual IP windows or to integrate several or all into one IP value There are also data filtering options based on array type These options are found at the bottom of the Project data dialog Task Summary A short summary of the Task data is displayed Figure 96 Task summary example Full Waveform Data Provided full waveform data has been saved and downloaded from the instrument this data will be di...

Page 91: ...ode test dialog Table Opens a table view dialog where the data of a Task can be viewed Figure 99 In the View and Export Settings panel on the right choices can be made over which data columns to view This is done by checking or un checking the check boxes in the list with all possible column names The All and None buttons set all data column check boxes to either on or to off ...

Page 92: ...he column name list are used for this Just type a name in the list box and click the Save button and the current choice is saved These can be recalled later by selecting from the list box The Delete button will delete the current choice Click the Apply Load button to load the data into the table for the current choice of columns Figure 100 Figure 100 Table view showing selected data columns ...

Page 93: ...in the exported file check or uncheck the Export task settings checkbox 8 5 Update Terrameter LS Instrument Software The Terrameter LS instrument software can be updated via the following steps 1 Download the Terrameter LS instrument software update package for instance terrameter 1 4 0 tar to your computer 2 Connect the Terrameter LS to the same network as the computer Check the network address v...

Page 94: ...eb page can be used for viewing the DAT files as pseudo sections Please download and install the software on your PC and refer to the enclosed user guide for usage instructions The contents of the DAT file can also be viewed and edited through software such as Res2dinv http www geoelectrical com Aarhus Workbench http www aarhusgeo com workbench aarhus workbench html X2IPI geophys geol msu ru x2ipi...

Page 95: ...lt can be exported as a text file for inspection and as documentation Voltage measurements are taken on the built in reference voltages with different measurement ranges and the nominal values are shown in the text file Furthermore resistance measurements are taken on built in resistors note that it is not any precision resistors deviations in the range 10 from the nominal value are normal Max Cur...

Page 96: ... carried out in the following way Figure 103 Two cables connected for cable isolation test Electrode cables to be tested shall be connected to the Electrode 1 32 or the Electrode 33 64 connector One or two electrode cables can be tested at the same time If two cables are to be tested then one cable shall be connected to the 1 32 connector and the other cable to the 33 64 connector If only one cabl...

Page 97: ... to the Internet The instrument is connected to the LAN with a RJ 45 cable Connect the instrument to the network before it is switched on If the LAN has a DHCP service the instrument will acquire an IP number and most likely the other required network settings from the DHCP server when the network service starts Note that the DHCP server must allow unregistered MAC addresses If it does not the ins...

Page 98: ...ection 9 4 Remote Diagnostics to connect the instrument to ABEM s technical support and send a description of the problem to via e mail to support abem se Should a fault occur that is not correctable on site please send full details to ABEM It is essential that instrument type and serial number is included and if possible the original ABEM delivery number On receipt of this information disposition...

Page 99: ...LCD is not guaranteed below 0 o C Note 2 Measuring speed may be reduced in high ambient temperature combined with high output power Note 3 Non condensing Dimensions W x L x H 39 x 21 x 32 cm Weight 12 kg 10 2 Measuring Resistivity YES SP YES IP YES Dynamic Averaging 24 bit A D conversion Data Sampling Rate 30 kHz Cycle time User selectable from 0 4sec to 32 sec Corresponds to a pulse time from 0 1...

Page 100: ... active for roll along Array types Default Multiple gradient dipole dipole pole dipole pole pole Wenner Schlumberger etc Electrode Test YES Focus One 10 6 Software Communication Terrameter LS is controlled using the incorporated Firmware It supports Multi Electrode Survey Systems for 2D 3D for Resistivity IP SP Imaging Monitoring It has a Graphical User Interface that is easy to follow in all its ...

Page 101: ...Integration time for IP time window for instance 20ms The measuring cycles used in DC resistivity and time domain IP surveying eliminate zero shifts by taking the average of data measured on positive and negative current pulse Furthermore the measuring cycles are designed to minimise errors due to variation in background potentials during the measuring cycle 11 1 Self Potential SP Self potential m...

Page 102: ...ameter LS 92 Current transmitted I0 I0 Voltage measured Ti Ti 2Td 2T d 2Ti Time Time 1 2 3 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Integration time Delay time Figure 106 Resistivity measuring cycle timing definitions after Krill 1977 ...

Page 103: ...ed It is then necessary to measure the background levels before and after the measuring cycle and use that for removing drift during the measuring cycle Failure to do so can lead to magnitude higher measurement errors in the measured resistivity data Figure 107 Period Current Voltage Measuring intervals Figure 107 IP measuring cycle timing definitions ...

Page 104: ...d Protocols Convert ORG to XML Protocol File respectively There are lots of programs available for editing XML files A basic text editor such as Notepad will do just fine but using a dedicated XML editor is recommended There are a number of XML editors available on the market and one free alternative is XML Marker It can be downloaded from www symbolclick com 12 2 Spread Description Files in XML f...

Page 105: ...1 take outs each with overlapping take out at cable ends Description Rollalong X 20 X Y 0 Y Rollalong Cable Name 1 Name Electrode Id 1 Id X 0 X Name 1 1 Name SwitchAddress 22 SwitchAddress Electrode Electrode Id 2 Id X 1 X Name 1 2 Name SwitchAddress 0 SwitchAddress Electrode etc If and external relay switch of type ES10 64 is used this must also be defined in the spread file by adding the SwitchI...

Page 106: ...ile in which case this statement is repeated Sequence marks start and end of the measuring sequence Measure defines a measurement or set of measurements using one current electrode pair Tx specifies the current electrodes used for a measurement Rx specifies the potential electrodes used for a measurement there can be an unlimited number of potential electrode pairs for a current electrode pair Foc...

Page 107: ...Rx Rx 19 25 Focus X 22 X Z 8 971 Z Focus Rx Rx 31 37 Focus X 34 X Z 11 09 Z Focus Rx Rx 43 49 Focus X 46 X Z 5 999 Z Focus Rx Rx 13 19 Focus X 16 X Z 5 999 Z Focus Rx Rx 25 31 Focus X 28 X Z 11 09 Z Focus Rx Rx 37 43 Focus X 40 X Z 8 971 Z Focus Rx Rx 49 55 ...

Page 108: ...can do this Example of a part of the spread file for pole dipole Cable Add remote electrodes Name LS Panel Name Electrode Id 102 Id Name C2 Current Name SwitchId 0 SwitchId SwitchAddress 2 SwitchAddress Electrode Cable 12 5 Protocol Files for Pole dipole Example of the protocol file Measure Tx 23 0 Tx Rx 22 21 Focus X 22 25 X Z 0 52 Z Focus Rx Measure The line Tx 23 0 Tx will tell the software to ...

Page 109: ...trary In protocol itself 0 can be used as electrode number In case of extension of the system with additional electrode selectors ES10 64 there will be real electrodes in with id 101 102 103 104 etc and then other arbitrary id numbers such as for example 501 502 503 504 can be used for remote electrodes Here it is only important to have a unique id for each electrode The software uses the switch i...

Page 110: ...ows 4 6 8 10 of the switch to the P2 remote electrode It is only the external part of the switch that will be affected Valid options are NoPol No remote pole electrodes P1 P1 is in use This is automatic if P1 is defined in spread P2 P2 is in use This is automatic if P2 is defined in spread P1P2 P1 and P2 are in use This is automatic if P1 and P2 is defined in spread P1Half Connect P1 to half of th...

Page 111: ...es of electrode channels etc All parameters are integers Since one way of creating a spread file for Terrameter LS is to convert from and ADR file the format is given as reference here The following format is used in the files nsec neach number of electrode cables total number of take outs per cable nskip nx move ny move active electrode skip factor lengths for x move lengths for y move ntot nx to...

Page 112: ...with measurements already taken at previous stations so it is only necessary to convert the ORG file If more than one protocol file is used for each station there is also a possible overlap between the protocol files at the same midpoint as for example when doing Wenner CVES with long and short layouts In this case one of the files should be reduced accordingly The protocol files contain an array ...

Page 113: ...surement are entered via a geometry file textfile with XYZ file extension with the following format n cables Header cable 1 1 x1 1 y1 1 z1 1 2 x1 2 y1 2 z1 2 n1 x1 n1 y1 n1 z1 n1 Header cable 2 1 x2 1 y2 1 z2 1 2 x2 2 y2 2 z2 2 n2 x2 n2 y2 n2 z2 n2 Header cable 3 1 x3 1 y3 1 z3 1 2 x3 2 y3 2 z3 2 n3 x3 n3 y3 n3 z3 n3 12 13 Standard Spread Files A number of standard spread files are supplied with T...

Page 114: ...ithout notice and that this list may thus not be complete Name Gradient DipoleDipole PoleDipole PolePole Schlumberger Wenner 12 15 Standard Test and Diagnostic Protocols A number of standard test and diagnostic protocols are supplied with Terrameter LS The following files are included Spread Protocol LS internal Selftest Calibrated 2 5 V Calibrate 15V C1C2P1P2 Simple RES MCA Conn 1 32 Simple RES M...

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