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Vaisala RS41 Скачать руководство пользователя страница 99

Chapter 3 _________________________________________________________ Ozone Calculation

VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 97

where:

This means that for ozone:

Accuracy of Ozonesonde Measurement

Certain sources of inaccuracy must be kept in mind when considering
errors in ozone measurements. Errors can originate from the ozone
sensor cell, the interface (converter), temperature and flow rate
measurement, telemetry, or they can be random errors. The
measurement procedure affects the accuracy. For example, if you
measure only ozone partial pressure, you can do measurements in a way
which is slightly different from the method you use when calculating
total ozone in the end. It is also possible to improve measurement
accuracy by developing the measurement methods in the sensing
system.

Basic sources for errors and differences between measurement systems
(the ECC system, light absorption measurement) are quite well known.
Relevant literature is also available. See Appendix D

Review Literature on page 119

.

M

3

=

Molar mass of ozone, 48.00 g/mol

P

3

=

Ozone partial pressure in mPa

T

=

Temperature in K

NOTE

The latest detailed technical data for the radiosonde and OIF411 can
be found on the Vaisala website, www.vaisala.com.

NOTE

Detailed specifications for the ozone sensors are available directly
from the manufacturers or from Vaisala.

1

mPa

10

48.00

10

2

u

u

8.314510

----------------------------------------

1

T

---

u P

g

m

3

------

5773.04

1

T

---

u P

g

m

3

------

|

|

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...
97
98
99
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101
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Содержание RS41

Страница 1: ...USER S GUIDE Ozone Sounding with Vaisala Radiosonde RS41 M211486EN A ...

Страница 2: ...s are based on the original English versions In ambiguous cases the English versions are applicable not the translations The contents are subject to change without prior notice This manual does not create any legally binding obligations for Vaisala towards customers or end users All legally binding obligations and agreements are included exclusively in the applicable supply contract or the General...

Страница 3: ...APTER 2 PRODUCT AND SYSTEM COMPONENT OVERVIEW 17 Introduction to Ozone Sounding 17 Ozone Sensor Unit 18 Ozone Interface Kit RSA411 20 Ozone Interface Board OIF411 21 Radiosonde RS41 Additional Sensor Interface 24 Equipment and Material Needed 25 Vaisala Ozone Sounding Startup Kit 26 Ozonizer Test Unit TSC 1 27 Ozone Destruction Filter 30 Pump Test Unit 31 Laboratory Ware Set 33 Ozone Chemicals 34 ...

Страница 4: ... Heating Battery to OIF411 Optional 64 Preparing the Radiosonde with Ground Equipment 66 Constructing Sounding Accessories 78 Activating Pump Motor Battery 80 Recording the Surface Ozone 82 Launching the Balloon 82 Recording Post Launch Data 83 CHAPTER 3 OZONE CALCULATION 85 Averaging and Eliminating Irrelevant Measuring Results 85 Ozone Partial Pressure Calculation 86 Ozone Sensor Operating Princ...

Страница 5: ...pport 105 APPENDIX A DIGICORA MW41 OZONE DATA 107 Calculating Ozone Data in MW41 107 Reporting Ozone Data in MW41 107 Archived Ozone Data in MW41 108 Additional Sensor Data from RS41 109 Additional Sensor Data from RS92 109 Calculated Ozone Data 110 OIF411 or OIF92 Ozone Parameters 110 Ozone Results 112 Raw Ozone Data 113 APPENDIX B SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR BALLOON OPERATORS 115 APPENDIX C CHECKLIS...

Страница 6: ...User s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 4 ____________________________________________________________________M211486EN A ...

Страница 7: ... on the Back of OIF411 55 Figure 20 OIF411 Being Attached to the Ozone Sensor Frame 55 Figure 21 OIF411 Wing Nuts Tightened 56 Figure 22 Droplet Measurements Model Z Sensor 57 Figure 23 Drilling the Ozone Sensor Frame Holes 57 Figure 24 Ozone Sensor Attached to the DMT Frame with M3 Nuts 58 Figure 25 OIF411 Terminals Marked on Sticker 59 Figure 26 Connecting Sensor Wires to OIF411 60 Figure 27 Con...

Страница 8: ...bout to be Closed 74 Figure 47 Air Outlet Hole and Air IntakeTube Not Taped Over 75 Figure 48 Supported Flight Box String in DMT Ozone Sensor Flight Box 76 Figure 49 Entering Sensor Background Current in MW41 77 Figure 50 Viewing Raw Ozone Data in MW41 77 Figure 51 Assembly of RSU Stabilizer 79 Figure 52 Assembly of Detainer to Unwinder 79 Figure 53 Unwinder Attached to the Balloon Neck 80 Figure ...

Страница 9: ...Laboratory Ware Needed 33 Table 9 Required Ozone Chemicals 34 Table 10 Equipment Required for Air Flow Meter 35 Table 11 Workflow for Ozone Sounding Preparations 45 Minutes Before Launch 48 Table 12 OIF411 Terminals 59 Table 13 Ozone Partial Pressure Correction Factors 92 Table 14 Ozone Partial Pressure Correction Factors 92 Table 15 OIF411 Data Interpretation 1 100 Table 16 OIF411 Data Interpreta...

Страница 10: ...User s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 8 ____________________________________________________________________M211486EN A ...

Страница 11: ...ng and operating an ozone sounding with RSA411 Ozone Interface Kit Vaisala Radiosonde RS41 and an ozone sensor The manual describes The preparation of the ozone sensor with RSA411 Ozone Interface Kit and Radiosonde RS41 For a list of the ozone sensor manufacturers manuals see topic Related Manuals on page 11 Sounding preparations before the launch See Chapter Constructing an Ozone Sounding on page...

Страница 12: ...IF411 Data on page 99 explains the data received from Ozone Interface Board OIF411 and how it is interpreted Chapter 6 Storage and Transportation on page 103 provides information for the transport and storage of the product Chapter 7 Technical Support on page 105 provides information on technical support available Appendix A DigiCORA MW41 Ozone Data on page 107 explains the files containing the oz...

Страница 13: ...6 Droplet Measurement Technologies Model Z ECC Ozonesondes Operator Manual SPC 6A Manual SPC Science Pump Corporation Operator s Manual Model 6A ECC Ozonesonde SPC TSC 1 SPC Science Pump Corporation Operator s Manual Ozonizer Test Unit Model TSC 1 On line help for Vaisala DigiCORA Sounding System MW41 WARNING Warning alerts you to a serious hazard If you do not read and follow instructions very ca...

Страница 14: ...diosonde WARNING Do not use the radiosonde without consultation and cooperation with local and other applicable aviation authorities WARNING Do not modify the unit in any way except as instructed in the manual WARNING Do not use the radiosonde for any purpose other than for soundings WARNING The chemicals involved in an ozone sounding can be harmful and must be handled with proper care To ensure y...

Страница 15: ... with nails strike the battery with a hammer step on the battery or otherwise damage the outer casing Do not subject the battery pack to strong impacts or shocks Do not expose the battery to water or salt water or allow the battery to get wet Do not disassemble or modify the battery The battery contains safety and protection devices which if damaged may cause the battery to generate heat rupture o...

Страница 16: ...ment must include a document indicating the lithium content describing proper handling and procedures for damaged packages and a telephone number for additional information The original radiosonde consignment includes a SHIPPER S DECLARATION FOR ARTICLES NOT REGULATED AS DANGEROUS GOODS which should be reused for this purpose after updating the appropriate information 1002 100 Figure 1 Lithium Bat...

Страница 17: ...To make sure you are not delivering high static voltages yourself Handle ESD sensitive components on a properly grounded and protected ESD workbench When this is not possible ground yourself to the equipment chassis before touching the boards Ground yourself with a wrist strap and a resistive connection cord Always hold the boards by the edges and avoid touching the component contacts Recycling Tr...

Страница 18: ...______________ 16 ___________________________________________________________________M211486EN A Product Returns If the product must be returned for service see www vaisala com returns For contact information of Vaisala Service Centers see www vaisala com servicecenters ...

Страница 19: ...411 Ozone Interface Kit and RS41 radiosonde These are described in the sections below Other equipment needed is also explained For detailed information on the radiosonde see Vaisala Radiosonde RS41 SG User s Guide In an ozone sounding the radiosonde is attached to a styrofoam flight box which contains the ozone sensor unit and the interface card The battery for powering the ozone pump is placed in...

Страница 20: ...entration cell ECC Air is sampled flow by using a pump and it goes to a reaction cell in which the sampled ozone reacts in a solution and the current developed in the reaction is detected and measured with an ozone interface The ozone sensor units are thoroughly discussed in the sensor manufacturers manuals see section Related Manuals on page 11 and Performance Review Literature listed in Appendix...

Страница 21: ...______________________________________________________________ 19 0410 112 Figure 2 SPC ECC 6A Ozone Sensor Parts The following numbers refer to Figure 2 on page 19 1 Gas sampling pump 2 Ozone sensor cathode 3 Ozone sensor anode 4 Wires for interface 5 Air intake tube 6 Motor 7 Connector for pump battery ...

Страница 22: ... screws for attaching the holder to the flight box wall The plastic bag also contains two M3 nuts for attaching Ozone Interface Board OIF411 to DMT s ozone sensor frame The M3 nuts are an alternative for the wing nuts included in OIF411 2 Four cables RS41 OIF411 cable CBL210224 OIF411 power cable CBL210225 OIF411 pump cable CBL210282 and OIF411 heater cable CBL210295 3 Vaisala OIF411 with temperat...

Страница 23: ..._________________________________________ 21 Ozone Interface Board OIF411 Ozone Interface Board OIF411 has four dedicated channels ozone sensor current and temperature battery voltage and ozone pump current and an additional voltage measurement channel for other purposes 1310 028 Figure 4 Ozone Sensor Interface Board OIF411 ...

Страница 24: ...etails The numbers in the figure refer to Table 3 on page 22 Figure 5 OIF411 Terminals Marked on Sticker Figure 6 on page 23 shows the dimensions of OIF411 The dimensions are in millimeters Table 3 OIF411 Terminals Number Connection Cable Code 1 Radiosonde interface CBL210224 2 Add on sensor IN for optional XDATA sensors 3 Pump motor CBL210282 4 Ozone pump motor battery CBL210225 5 Heating battery...

Страница 25: ...hapter 2 ______________________________________ Product and System Component Overview VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 23 1401 009 Figure 6 OIF411 Dimensions ...

Страница 26: ...nector See also Table 4 on page 24 for details on the RS41 electrical interface and and the additional sensor 1311 203 Figure 7 RS41 Additional Sensor Interface Table 4 Electrical Interface of RS41 and the Additional Sensor Radiosonde Additional Sensor Pin Name I O Function Pin Name 1 GND Ground Common 2 RxD I Serial data from the additional sensor Instrument Serial OUT 3 TxD O Serial data to the ...

Страница 27: ...p Kit and they are explained in more detail in the sections below Ozonizer Test Unit TSC 1 or similar from other manufacturers Ozone destruction filter Pump test unit Laboratory ware set Ozone chemicals Air flow meter These items are valid when using the SPC ECC 6A ozone sensor or Droplet Measurement Technologies Model Z ozone sensor Some sensor manufacturers also have their own startup kits Note ...

Страница 28: ...odel Z Ozonesonde or product brochure differs from the Vaisala startup kit Triple distilled water and some other chemicals are not delivered as they are easily available on the local sites Documentation contains several manuals Refer to section Related Manuals on page 11 for further details Instructions for using the sounding software are needed to conduct a successful sounding In addition to the ...

Страница 29: ...Ozonizer Test Unit TSC 1 on page 27 Ozonizer Test Unit TSC 1 This topic and Figure 8 on page 27 present the Science Pump Corporation Model TSC 1 Ozonizer Test Unit in more detail Other options are also available see Figure 9 on page 29 and Figure 10 on page 29 1006 003 Figure 8 Ozonizer Test Unit TSC 1 NOTE Vaisala recommends adding a digital ampere meter with a minimum resolution of 0 01 uA besid...

Страница 30: ... to balloon release The Ozonizer Test Unit and its operation are described in more detail in the SPC Operator s Manual for Model 6A ECC Ozonesonde and in the SPC Operator s Manual for Model TSC 1 Ozonizer Test Unit See Table 1 on page 11 for a list of related manuals The following spare parts are available for TSC 1 Calibrator ECC ozone sensor OTU 15 Vaisala part number 18955 Internal ozone filter...

Страница 31: ...ct and System Component Overview VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 29 1403 002 Figure 9 EC Black Bench O3S Tester Made by EC 1403 003 Figure 10 EC White Bench O3S Tester Made by Droplet Measurement Technologies ...

Страница 32: ... components as shown in Figure 11 on page 31 Table 6 Equipment Required for Ozone Destruction Filter Item Required Vaisala Part Number Particle and ozone filter Mine Safety Appliances MSA Company Delivered by MSA as a single cartridge part number 815185 234561 1 pc Funnel 75 mm in diameter tube diameter 8 mm glass 12725 Connector tube 1 soft silicon tube approximately 5 cm long inner diameter 6 mm...

Страница 33: ... 3 Funnel 4 Connector tube 1 5 Connector tube 2 6 Connector tube 3 7 Tape 1 2 and 3 together with electrical tape Table 7 Equipment Required for Pump Test Unit Item Required Vaisala Part Number Vacuum pressure gauge and connection screw Range 1 1 5 Bar division 0 05 Bar Includes connection parts for measurement gauge to tubing 15240 Locking nut Connector tube 1 soft vinyl tube approximately 60 cm ...

Страница 34: ...re 12 on page 32 2 Push the tube over the tip of the connection screw on the gauge number 1 3 Gently tighten the locking nut over the connector tube onto the gauge number 2 Connection tube 3 cut a piece of tubing from EEC sensor air inlet tubes to a length of approximately 3 cm or order separately 17348S by the meter or SPC spare part No OTU 19 The following numbers refer to Figure 12 on page 32 1...

Страница 35: ...ching connector tube 1 to the connection screw tip Be sure to tighten the locking nut gently to avoid damaging or tearing the connection tube The condition of the connection tube can be checked by opening the locking nut Table 8 Laboratory Ware Needed Item Pieces Vaisala Part Number Beakers Pyrex glass 1 pc volume 250 ml subdivision 50 ml 1 pc volume 50 ml 12721 12720 Cylinder Pyrex glass 1 pc vol...

Страница 36: ... with needle Disposable total volume 3 ml division 0 1 ml at least 0 5 ml Plastic Teflon 2 pcs Syringe 2 pcs Syringe needle 12736 12737 Thermometer 1 pc for room temperatures HST12 Table 9 Required Ozone Chemicals Chemical Required Amount Vaisala Part Number KI 1 kg 12743 KBr 0 5 kg 12744 NaH2PO4 H2O 0 5 kg 12741 Na2HPO4 12H2O or Na2HPO4 7H2O 0 5 kg 12742 Methanol CH3OH Glycerol Acetone Table 8 La...

Страница 37: ...ately from 50 to 80 ml 12734 Burette stand with two bossheads and two clamps 12730 stand 12732 bosshead 12728 clamp Stop watch accuracy at least 0 1 s 12784 Connector tube 1 soft silicon tube approximately 5 cm long inner diameter 6 mm outer diameter 10 mm 12642OS set of tubes Connector tube 2 soft vinyl tube approximately 60 cm long I D 1 8 3 2 mm O D 1 4 6 4 mm 12642OS set of tubes Connector tub...

Страница 38: ...ter to the sensor cathode air exhaust tube This is done by slipping the connector tube 3 9 over the short Teflon tube protruding from the top plug of the sensor cathode chamber 3 With the radiosonde air pump operating squeeze the rubber bulb 4 slightly to cause several soap bubbles to rise up the flow meter tube Repeat the process several times until the bubbles reach the top of the tube without b...

Страница 39: ..._________________________________________________________________ 37 1006 004 Figure 13 Air Flow Rate Measurement The following numbers refer to Figure 13 on page 37 1 Stand 2 Bosshead 3 Connector tube 1 4 Rubber bulb 5 Flow meter tube 6 Clamp 7 Connector tube 2 8 Dishwashing liquid 9 Connector tube 3 ...

Страница 40: ...ure It can be a mercury thermometer or an electrical thermometer The thermometer must be capable of measuring normal room temperature a suitable measurement range is between 2 and 50 C The recommended thermometer subdivision is 0 1 or 0 2 C Power Supply A power supply rated at 5 to 18 VDC 300 mA is required for the ozone pump motor Refer to the manufacturers manuals for details Protective Gloves U...

Страница 41: ...he availability of expendables and spare parts Making a list of these items is recommendable A large variety of spare parts is available from Vaisala The list of expendables includes at least Radiosondes interfaces Sounding accessories for example balloons Ozone solution chemicals Syringes needles Protective gloves Triple distilled or ion changed water See also Appendix E Checklist for Equipment a...

Страница 42: ...User s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 40 ___________________________________________________________________M211486EN A ...

Страница 43: ...ormation Preparations 7 to 3 Days Prior to Release on page 43 Preparations on the Day of Release on page 46 Preparations Just Before Release 2 0 Hours on page 48 WARNING The chemicals involved in an ozone sounding can be harmful and must be handled with proper care To ensure your working safety take all the necessary precautions before beginning the preparations for a flight Read the sensor manual...

Страница 44: ... 10 minutes of zero air after exposure of ozone 5 µA ozone equivalent of 170 180 ppbv IB2 at launch site after 10 minutes of zero air NOTE The ASOPOS panel recommends the using the following as sensing solutions SPC6A 1 0 KI full buffer STT1 0 DTM 0 5 KI half buffer SST0 5 The recommendation is only meant for new ozone sounding stations The existing stations that perform long tem measurements must...

Страница 45: ...f the ozonizer if necessary 1 Write down the following information Date _______ Station _________ Operator __________ 2 Check the label on the flight box and record the information here Ozone sensor number Manufacturer Date of manufacture Pump pressure ____________ in Hg WARNING The chemicals involved in an ozone sounding can be harmful and must be handled with proper care To ensure your working s...

Страница 46: ...ollowing values from the ozonizer Normal head pressure and vacuum values are 700 900 hPa 6 Turn off HI O3 Run NO O3 for 5 minutes 7 Next you must charge sensor cathode and anode Use a different syringe for cathode and anode Charge sensor cathode with solution 3 0 cm3 and wait 2 minutes Charge sensor anode with solution 1 5 cm3 8 The current starts to decrease Sensor background current after 10 min...

Страница 47: ...out 5 µA 11 Run on NO O3 for 10 minutes Record the background current IB1____________µA 12 Switch everything off and short circuit the ozone sensor wires 13 Put the ozone sensor back to the flight box and store it in a dark clean air environment at a temperature of 20 25 C until it is used After these preparations a sensor cleaning process takes place whereby both half cells anode and cathode and ...

Страница 48: ...tes on NO O3 optional 3 Change cathode solution in SONDE S and CAL calibrator C with TSC 1 only sensors S _______ ml C _______ml The ASOPOS panel recommends the following a Dump both solutions carefully cathode and anode b Recharge cathode cell with 3 0 cm3 cathode solution c Recharge anode cell with 1 5 cm3 anode solution 4 Condition SONDE S and CAL C with TSC 1 only NO O3 for 10 minutes 5 Sensor...

Страница 49: ... With NO O3 check the sensor response test 30 seconds i0 51c ________μA i0 5s μA ________0 5 minute i1c ________µA i1s µA ________1 minute i2c ________µA i2s µA _______ 3 minutes i3c ________µA i3s µA _______ 5 minutes i10c ________µA i10s µA ______ 10 minutes equals to IB1 Record cell current at t 0 0 5 1 3 5 and 10 minutes as recommended by ASOPOS i10s IB1 background current Computed for calibra...

Страница 50: ...ry type and any supplemental heat source needed based on the previous flight s performance Attach interface board to pump frame Attach radiosonde holder to styrofoam flight box Start MW41 software Fill the balloon and attach the detainer unwinder parachute 30 Start running the ECC on zero ozone air using an external power supply for the pump motor Activate and condition radiosonde Configure softwa...

Страница 51: ...Manufacturer _______________ Date of manufacture _______________ Radiosonde serial number _______________ OIF411 serial number _______________ Attaching Radiosonde Holder to Flight Box Equipment and tools needed A pen for marking the positions of the holder screws A screwdriver for tightening the screws Radiosonde holder with three plastic dowels and three screws included in Ozone Interface Kit RS...

Страница 52: ...e 15 on page 51 shows the radiosonde holder measurements and its position in the flight box wall In the figures presented in this section the holder is positioned according to Vaisala recommendation according to which the radiosonde sensor boom is above the flight box wall and the holder is attached on top of the sticker The following numbers refer to Figure 14 on page 50 1 Radiosonde holder 2 Dow...

Страница 53: ...______________________________________ Constructing an Ozone Sounding VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 51 1402 102 Figure 15 Radiosonde Holder Measurements a and Position b ...

Страница 54: ..._______________________________________________________M211486EN A 1 The holder is attached on top of the sticker on the flight box wall Press the radiosonde holder against the flight box wall and mark the holder screw positions with a pen 1403 167 Figure 16 Marking the Positions of the Holder Screws ...

Страница 55: ...xtra secure 4 Hold the radiosonde holder against the tape and use a screwdriver to attach it to the box wall with the screws provided in the RSA411 kit Attaching OIF411 to SPC s Ozone Sensor Frame Figure 18 on page 54 shows how OIF411 is attached to Science Pump Corporation s SPC Model ECC 6A ozone sensor frame See also the steps below You do not need any extra equipment to attach OIF411 to the oz...

Страница 56: ...nsor Take these steps to connect the ozone sensor frame and Ozone Interface Board OIF411 1 OIF411 is equipped with two wing nuts at the back Attach OIF411 to the ozone sensor with the wing nuts See Figure 19 on page 55 for an illustration CAUTION Keep the sensor in an upright position The sensor contains liquid The following numbers refer to Figure 18 on page 54 1 Wing nuts 2 Ozone sensor frame 3 ...

Страница 57: ..._____________ Constructing an Ozone Sounding VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 55 1310 101 Figure 19 Wing Nuts on the Back of OIF411 1310 102 Figure 20 OIF411 Being Attached to the Ozone Sensor Frame ...

Страница 58: ...instructions on attaching OIF411 to Droplet Measurements Technologies DMT ozone sensor frame see the steps below In addition to OIF411 and the ozone sensor frame you need the following equipment Two M3 nuts included in RSA411 Ozone Interface Kit Drill with applicable drill bits Socket wrench for M3 nuts Screwdriver Figure 22 on page 57 shows Droplet Measurements Technologies Model Z ozone sensor f...

Страница 59: ...______________________________ 57 1402 103 Figure 22 Droplet Measurements Model Z Sensor Take these steps to connect the ozone sensor frame and Ozone Interface Board OIF411 1 Remove the wing nuts attached to OIF411 2 Use a drill to make the holes in the ozone sensor frame bigger 1405 007 Figure 23 Drilling the Ozone Sensor Frame Holes ...

Страница 60: ... with the two M3 hex nuts a screw driver and a socket wrench Tighten the nuts Figure 24 Ozone Sensor Attached to the DMT Frame with M3 Nuts Connecting Ozone Sensor Wires to OIF411 Connect the ozone sensor wires to Ozone Interface Board OIF411 The terminals on OIF411 are marked with a sticker attached on the card See Figure 25 on page 59 for an example The numbers in the figure refer to Table 12 on...

Страница 61: ...____________________ 59 Figure 25 OIF411 Terminals Marked on Sticker Table 12 OIF411 Terminals Number Connection Cable Code 1 Radiosonde interface CBL210224 2 Add on sensor IN for optional XDATA sensors 3 Pump motor CBL210282 4 Ozone pump motor battery CBL210225 5 Heating battery CBL210295 6 Extra terminal 7 SPC sensor W white cable B blue cable ...

Страница 62: ..._____________________________________________________________M211486EN A The white wire from the anode is connected to the terminal on the corner of the interface marked with W The blue wire from the cathode is connected to the terminal marked with B Figure 26 Connecting Sensor Wires to OIF411 ...

Страница 63: ...11 Cable needed CBL210282 Connect the cable to the OIF411 terminal marked Pump Figure 27 Connecting Ozone Sensor Pump Cable CAUTION To avoid any problems with the sounding do not use the sensor loaded pump powered with solutions if the sensor is not connected to a powered interface or if the anode and cathode wires are connected The pump is allowed to be used only with NO OZONE or when the destruc...

Страница 64: ...___________________________________M211486EN A Connecting Ozone Pump Battery to OIF411 Cable needed CBL210225 Connect the ozone pump battery to OIF411 terminal marked Battery 12 20 V At a later stage place the battery in the empty compartment on the side of the flight box Figure 28 Connecting Ozone Sensor Battery Cable ...

Страница 65: ... into the hole in the pump base of the ozone sensor by pushing the thermistor hose into the hole as shown in Figure 29 on page 63 In the SPC sensor the hole is below the air outlet of the pump 0901 013 Figure 29 SPC ECC 6A with Thermistor Assembled In the DMT sensor the temperature measuring hole is on the opposite side of the pump and is connected through the frame 0401 221 Figure 30 DMT Model Z ...

Страница 66: ... OIF411 Optional Cable needed CBL210295 The heating battery is used in extreme conditions Heating turns on automatically when the ozone pump temperature drops under 5 C and turns off when the temperature rises above 7 C There is no risk of overheating the box However the applicability of the heating should be checked on each site separately Connect the heating battery wire to the Heating battery t...

Страница 67: ...f the battery to attach it to the sensor frame 1405 009 Figure 32 Two Sided Tape Attached to the Battery Make sure to pass the battery wires between the ozone sensor frame wall and the ozone sensor top cover and make sure that they are not twisted or under the sensor frame See Figure 33 on page 65 for an illustration 1405 010 Figure 33 Battery Wires Running Between the Ozone Sensor Frame Wall and ...

Страница 68: ...onde LED light is red but you can ignore it It does not indicate an error at this point CAUTION To be able to prepare an ozone sounding with MW41 you must import and activate the following scripts OzoneCalculations py OzoneMain py and OIF411 py The scripts are included on the MW41 installation DVD in folder ScriptLibrary CalcOzone The ozone sounding cannot be completed if any of these scripts is m...

Страница 69: ..._____________ 67 1312 002 Figure 34 Ozone Sensor Information During the ground check preparations the radiosonde status in MW41 might display an error with the message No add on sensor data filtered You can ignore this message and proceed with the preparations it has no effect on the ozone sounding 1312 003 Figure 35 Radiosonde Preparation in Progress ...

Страница 70: ...yed remove the radiosonde from the ground check device 1312 004 Figure 36 Waiting for Background Current 7 Connect OIF411 to the radiosonde using cable CBL210224 Do as explained below Figure 37 Do Not Touch the Radiosonde Sensors CAUTION Do not touch or hit the radiosonde sensors on the sensor boom By carefully handling the radiosonde and the sensor boom you ensure that the radiosonde functions pr...

Страница 71: ...le to the interface terminal marked Radiosonde Figure 38 Connecting Radiosonde Cable Connect the interface to the radiosonde First check that none of the pins on the radiosonde interface are deformed After this firmly push the connector to the interface connector pins located inside the radiosonde see Figure 40 on page 70 for an example 1310 107 Figure 39 Checking Radiosonde Interface Connector ...

Страница 72: ...o Radiosonde Interface Connector After the connection the radiosonde LED light is blinking green 8 Attach the radiosonde to the holder in the flight box as instructed below Figure 41 Do Not Touch the Radiosonde Sensors CAUTION Do not touch or hit the sensors on the sensor boom By carefully handling the radiosonde and the sensor boom you ensure that the radiosonde functions properly during the soun...

Страница 73: ...2 on page 71 1403 170 Figure 42 Attaching Radiosonde to the Holder NOTE Detailed capacity information on the radiosonde battery is available in the radiosonde data sheet OIF411 interface reduces the battery operating time by approximately 2 to 4 If there are any delays in the sounding preparations or before the sounding starts while the radiosonde is powered from the battery you can switch off RS4...

Страница 74: ...211486EN A Use your finger to push the top part of the holder against the radiosonde so that the radiosonde is tightly attached to the holder 403 171 Figure 43 Pushing the Holder into Place 1403 172 Figure 44 Radiosonde RS41 Attached to the Holder If you attach the radiosonde in a lower position than shown here push the holder against the flight box wall ...

Страница 75: ...of the SPC sensor inside the flight box see Figure 45 on page 73 Make sure that the wires and tubes are led through the grooves in the flight box indicated with the numbers in the figure 1403 Figure 45 SPC Ozone Sensor inside the Flight Box b For an example of the DMT sensor inside the flight box see Figure 46 on page 74 Make sure that the wires and tubes are led through the grooves in the flight ...

Страница 76: ...battery yet leave the connectors outside the flight box 11 In this step item a below explains finalizing the flight box for SPC sensor See item b for DMT sensor instructions a In case of SPC sensor close the cover of the flight box and tape the seam between the cover and the body of the box Do CAUTION In case of DMT sensor make sure to place the flight box cover number 1 in Figure 46 on page 74 an...

Страница 77: ..._____________________________ 75 not tape the hanging strings See Figure 54 on page 81 for an example Figure 47 Air Outlet Hole and Air IntakeTube Not Taped Over NOTE Do not tape over the air outlet and air intake tube as the measuring gas must be allowed to move in and out of the sensor box See Figure 47 on page 75 for an illustration ...

Страница 78: ... in DMT Ozone Sensor Flight Box 12 With ozone destruction filter on or zero ozone gas for sensor background current values run the ozone sensor for 10 minutes and record the cell current IB2 Record IB2 ________µA NOTE The IB2 value equals to Vaisala IBG I0 used in Vaisala scripts NOTE Background current is measured after the flight box is closed Close the cover of the flight box and tape the seam ...

Страница 79: ...value by clicking Copy You can either use the Copy button or enter the sensor background current in MW41 and click Apply 1403 192 Figure 49 Entering Sensor Background Current in MW41 14 In the Monitoring window go to the Tabular data tab and select Raw ozone from the drop down list Make sure that ozone data is coming through showing reasonable ozone current and ozone flight box temperature 1403 16...

Страница 80: ...n RSU stabilizer must be used if other than Vaisala specific Totex parachute models are used Before you begin see the general instructions and various sounding accessories presented in Vaisala Guide to Sounding Preparations Technical Reference The sounding construction depends on the radiosonde type and if either of the following is used Radar reflector Parachute 1 If you are using other than a Va...

Страница 81: ...______________________________ 79 0901 008 Figure 51 Assembly of RSU Stabilizer 2 Assemble the unwinder detainer to the radiosonde unwinder by pressing the detainer head into the radiosonde unwinder 1006 042 Figure 52 Assembly of Detainer to Unwinder 3 Continue sounding preparations by tying the flight box string to the unwinder stick ...

Страница 82: ...ate the ozone sensor battery 20 minutes prior to release and pack the battery into the compartment in the flight box Check telemetry 2 Take the flight box outside and connect the free hanging battery cable with the ozone sensor battery cable As the pump is quite noisy you should be able to hear the ozone sensor pump running NOTE When DMT Model Z ozone sensor is used the unwinder string is firmly a...

Страница 83: ...ounding VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 81 1403 174 Figure 54 Taped Flight Box NOTE Do not tape over the battery compartment as the fumes from the battery must be allowed to move out of the box See Figure 54 on page 81 for an example ...

Страница 84: ...reasonable ozone current and ozone flight box temperature 1403 169 Figure 55 Viewing Raw Ozone Data in MW41 Launching the Balloon Before launching the balloon check the MW41 user interface to see that ozone sensor data is received When MW41 shows the message Ready for release you can launch the sounding balloon After the release check that the ozone data is stable in MW41 NOTE The ASOPOS panel rec...

Страница 85: ...on data in MW41 MW41 user interface shows the appropriate data Use the free text field for any additional data you wish to store in the database and be available for messages You can also write down the information here Launch time Psurf ________ hPa Tsurf ________ C Usurf ________ RH Surface wind speed ________m s Wind direction ________ Sky condition _________________________________________ Oth...

Страница 86: ...User s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 84 ___________________________________________________________________M211486EN A ...

Страница 87: ...s Noise filtering helps to eliminate erroneous data Errors may originate from various different phenomena for example from electrical spikes The filtering is made by calculating the median of a given number of consecutive samples The median is the middlemost sample in the order of magnitude This algorithm cuts all remarkably higher and lower measurement results compared with other measurement resu...

Страница 88: ...onse time Note that the length is defined as the amount of samples Therefore different values for radiosondes with different sample rates must be used A typical value for the window radius for RS41 is 4 filtering window 9 seconds The median filtering algorithm is disabled by setting the window radius to 0 Ozone Partial Pressure Calculation The ozone sensor operating principles are explained in det...

Страница 89: ... S is closed R is the load resistance of the circuit Ozone Sensor Reactions The cell system is shown in Figure 56 on page 87 Platinum electrodes are chemically inert and do not take part in chemical reactions Electrochemical reactions take place in the boundary layers of the electrodes As soon as air that contains O3 molecules is bubbled through the cathode solution the following total reaction oc...

Страница 90: ...ne Values The partial pressure of the ozone is a measure for local ozone concentration Sometimes ppmv values are used Basic principles for this step of the calculations are given in the sensor manufacturer s manuals See Related Manuals on page 11 As each molecule of ozone creates a current of two electrons ozone concentration is NOTE The reaction occurs with all oxidants such as NO2 The chemical r...

Страница 91: ...me for 100 ml of air seconds P3 partial pressure of ozone in mPa I measured ozone current in µA IBG current caused by oxidants other than ozone mainly O2 in µA IBG equals to IB2 Tp measured airflow temperature in K from pump base t pumping time for 100 ml of air in seconds Cef correction due to reduced ambient pressure for pump Cref additional correction factor NOTE IBG used in this manual is equa...

Страница 92: ...e background current IBG is counted from the following equation recommended for the SPC ECC 6A sensor The Droplet Measurement Technologies Model Z sensor recommended correction is constant IBG Io when Io is measured just before release during sounding setup configuration NOTE Each ozone sensor manufacturer has their own recommendations for calculating IBG Tp and Cef See Related Manuals on page 11 ...

Страница 93: ...t The pumping time is measured during sounding preparations The value is entered in the ground equipment during sounding preparations Measured Airflow Temperature TP All sensors use measured values in a Vaisala application Pump Efficiency Correction Cef The efficiency of the SPC Model 6A Ozonesonde air sampling pump decreases with altitude Calculated ozone partial pressures must therefore be corre...

Страница 94: ...Pressure Correction Factors Ozone Partial Pressure Correction Factor Cef Atmospheric pressure hPa Sensor cathode solution volume 2 5 cm3 Sensor cathode solution volume 3 0 cm3 2 0 1 160 1 171 3 0 1 124 1 131 5 0 1 087 1 092 10 0 1 054 1 055 20 0 1 033 1 032 30 0 1 024 1 022 50 0 1 015 1 015 100 0 1 010 1 011 200 0 1 007 1 008 300 0 1 005 1 006 500 0 1 002 1 004 1000 0 1 000 1 000 Table 14 Ozone Pa...

Страница 95: ... be done in the ground equipment software by modifying one of the scaling calibration coefficients of the sensor Preferably the Pumping time for 100 ml of air is used for this correction tcorrected t Cref Total Ozone Calculation Total ozone is the integrated ozone in a column extending from the bottom to the top of the atmosphere Thus it is the sum of the total ozone measured from the sounding and...

Страница 96: ...tion it reduces to A commonly used unit for total ozone is Dobson Unit DU 2 687 1020 molecules m2 To get the result in DUs ozone grams must first be divided by molar mass of ozone 48 00 g mol and then multiplied by Avogadro s number 6 02217 1023 molecules mol The result is ozone in molecules m2 The unit relation above is used to convert this to DUs 1 6571 ratio of molecular masses of ozone and air...

Страница 97: ...evel of ozone is estimated by using the equation below with a constant mixing ratio p3i p3i 1 p3END up to ambient pressure 0 hPa The equation changes to When the pressure is given in hPa the equation above gives the residual total ozone in DUs The total ozone can now be calculated from the equation Another option is introduced in the GAW report 201 Post calculation is possible integrated ozone is ...

Страница 98: ...1486EN A Ozone in µg m Ozone density is by definition where m3 mass of ozone in volume V3 The ideal gas law is p3 V3 n3 R T where gives Combining the equations gives p3 partial pressure of ozone in mPa n3 mole number of ozone R ideal gas constant T temperature in K 93 m3 V3 V3 n3 R T u u P3 93 m3 n3 R u P3 T u M3 R P3 T u 48 00 10 2 u 8 314510 P3 T u Pg m 3 ...

Страница 99: ...hich is slightly different from the method you use when calculating total ozone in the end It is also possible to improve measurement accuracy by developing the measurement methods in the sensing system Basic sources for errors and differences between measurement systems the ECC system light absorption measurement are quite well known Relevant literature is also available See Appendix D Performanc...

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Страница 101: ...erface Board OIF411 and how it is interpreted Interpreting OIF411 Data Measurement Data When Radiosonde RS41 is connected to Ozone Interface Board OIF411 it sends the OIF411 measurement data through the additional sensor interface The following information is contained Instrument type and number Ozone pump temperature Ozone current Battery voltage Ozone pump current External voltage measured once ...

Страница 102: ...IF411 serial number Diagnostics word Software version once per minute OIF411 ID data replaces OIF411 measurement data but not the additional sensor data sent once per minute The OIF411 ID data contains the following information xdata Instrument type is 05 Instrument number is 01 OIF serial number diagnostics word SW version I CR This means that if OIF411 sends xdata 0501G12345670001000AICR Table 1...

Страница 103: ...g that the instrument numbers are not in an ascending order For example xdata 050108CA186A0750B637CRxdata 020300090009000900090 0090009CRxdata 10021FF44487A04E0410018FLFCR xdata 0304001000100010001000100010CR If additional sensor CFH is connected to OIF411 OIF411 sends xdata 050108CA186A0750B637CRxdata 10021DB6BC879 5200443018FLFCR where LF line feed CR carriage return Table 16 OIF411 Data Interpr...

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Страница 105: ...d storage of the product Storage Ozone Interface Kit RSA411 must be stored and used properly in accordance with applicable instructions User s Guide and specifications issued by Vaisala Proper storage conditions must fulfill the following requirements Ozone Interface Kit RSA411 must be stored in a dry ventilated indoor storage space and within the following key environmental limits ref IEC 60721 3...

Страница 106: ...igned and built to survive and protect its contents in the environmental conditions described herein with the terminology and standards per standard IEC 60721 3 2 Transportation of OIF411 requires climatic conditions 2K2 and mechanical conditions 2M1 of this standard Transportation in weather protected conditions Transportation using conventional means car truck and or aircraft with free fall not ...

Страница 107: ... up the process and to avoid extra costs to you 1 Read the radiosonde warranty information 2 Contact Vaisala technical support via e mail or fax and request for RMA Return Material Authorization and shipping instructions 3 Proceed as instructed by Vaisala technical support and provide the failure report as requested Technical Support NOTE RMA must always be requested from Vaisala technical support...

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Страница 109: ...n MW41 Ozone data is calculated by the scripting engine using raw ozone and EDT data This information along with the calculated ozone can be archived for further inspection for example simulation The MW41 installation DVD contains script interface documentation which provides more information on using the scripts Ozone calculation is implemented with three script files OzoneMain py OzoneCalculatio...

Страница 110: ... For information on creating a report in MW41 see the on line help Below is an example of an ozone data report output Figure 57 Example of an MW41 Ozone Data Report Output Archived Ozone Data in MW41 The calculated ozone data is stored in XML format in a zipped mwx sounding archive file Extract the zip file to access the xml file The following tables in the archive file contain ozone related data ...

Страница 111: ...tring Instrument type identifier INSTRUMENTNUMBERPK String Instrument number MEASUREMENTOFFSET Double Measurement time offset of the additional sensor data s DATASRVTIME String Data server timestamp yyyy MM dd HH mm ss fff GPSTIMEOFFSET Byte Offset to the frame s GPS time 1 20 s XDATA String XData from additional sensor Table 18 RS92SpecialSensorData Column Name Type Description SOUNDINGIDPK Strin...

Страница 112: ...mperature Kelvin O3CURRENT Double Bias and pressure corrected current uA INTEGRATEDOZONE Double Ozone accumulated up to the current sounding level DU Dobson Unit RESIDUALOZONE Double Estimated residual ozone above the current sounding level DU Dobson Unit VOLTAGE Double OIF92 Channel 3 data OIF411 Battery voltage measurement V AUX Double OIF411 ozone pump current value OIF92 channel 4 data Table 2...

Страница 113: ...e OIF411 null OIF92 Iref linear temperature coefficient 1 k IREFQUAD Double OIF411 null OIF92 Iref quadratic temperature coefficient 1 K2 IREFZEROC Double OIF411 null OIF92 Iref at 0 C temperature uA RNTC25 Double OIF411 null OIF92 Sensor thermistor resistance at 25 C temperature Ohm VREFCH3 Double OIF411 null OIF92 Reference value for voltage channel V VREFCH4 Double OIF411 null OIF92 Reference v...

Страница 114: ... ozone above the termination level DU Dobson Unit SENSORTYPE String Sensor type code INTERFACETYPE String Ozone interface type Undefined OIF411 or OIF92 SERIALNUMBER String OIF serial number DIAGNOSTIC Int OIF411 diagnostic word OIF92 0 BGCURRENTCORRMETHOD String Background current correction method SMOOTHINGMETHOD String OIF411 null OIF92 method for smoothing measured data CALIBRATIONPRESSURE Dou...

Страница 115: ...IORXTIMEPK Double Radio time s DATASRVTIME String Data server yyyy MM dd HH mm ss fff PARTIALPRESSURE Double Raw uncorrected ozone partial pressure mPa INTERMEDIATE Double Intermediate data being used in calculation CURRENT Double Current measured by sensor uA BOXTEMPERATURE Double Sensor box temperature K VOLTAGE Double OIF92 Channel 3 data OIF411 Battery voltage measurement V AUX Double OIF411 o...

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Страница 117: ... synthetic fibers to prevent a build up of static charges Do not wear shoes with rubber soles 3 Wear protective glasses 4 Regularly check that the gas tube fits securely to the gas cylinder or generator nozzle and to the balloon inflation nozzle 5 Take care to prevent a gas leak in the shed when interrupting inflation to replace a gas cylinder 6 Never use a repaired balloon 7 Should a leak develop...

Страница 118: ...shed while the hydrogen generator is in operation or balloon inflation is going on 12 Ensure that all tools and other implements not essential for balloon inflation have been removed from the shed 13 Do not take any electrical devices cell phone etc to the balloon filling shed or close to the balloon inflated with hydrogen Safe distance when outdoors is typically 1 5 meters 14 Always keep the radi...

Страница 119: ...n Table 23 Checklist for Equipment Equipment Checked Ozone sensor with styrofoam flight box and motor battery Radiosonde RS41 Ozone Interface Board OIF411 Balloon plastic or rubber 5 meters of string strength about 300 to 500 N an unwinder and a detainer Parachute 200 inch 500 cm circumference recommended Short circuit cable for the ozone sensor optional Ozone sensor interface radiosonde extender ...

Страница 120: ...sonde power supply for pump motor rated at 12 to 13 VDC 300 mA SPC Ozonizer Test Unit Model TSC 1 with adapter cables or equivalent from other manufacturers Ozone destruction filter or purified ozone free gas Thermometer graduated in degrees centigrade Hand held pressure vacuum gauge for pump tests Small strips of No 600A sandpaper for grasping Teflon tubing Plastic squirt bottle filled with resea...

Страница 121: ...H G J Smit T Deshler and C Kroeger 2002 ECC ozonesonde pump efficiency measurements and tests on the sensitivity to ozone of buffered and unbuffered ECC sensor cathode solutions J Geophys Res 107 D19 doi 10 1029 2001JD000557 1998 Beekman M and G Ancellet D Martin C Abonnel G Duverneuil and F Eideliman P Bessemoulin N Fritz and E Gizard Intercomparison of tropospheric ozone profiles obtained by ele...

Страница 122: ...l plane over the equatorial Pacific Ocean Q J R Meteorol Soc 1997 123 pp 2009 2040 Komhyr W D Operations Handbook Ozone Measurement to 40 km Altitude with 4A Electrochemical Concentration Cell ECC Ozonesondes used with 1680 MHz radiosondes NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL 149 1986 Komhyr W D J A Lathrop D P Opperman R A Barns and G B Brothers ECC Ozonesonde performance evaluation during STOIC 198...

Страница 123: ...ennal Ozone Symbosium Eds R Bojkov and G Visconti L Aquila Italy Sept 1996 Smit H G J all The 1996 1999 Evaluation of Performance of ECC Sondes Under Quasi Flight Conditions in the Environmental Simulation Chamber Proceedings of Quadrennal Ozone Symbosium 2000 Sapporo Japan July 2000 SPARC IOC GAW Assessment of Trends in the Vertical Distribution of Ozone 1998 SPARC Report No 1 WMO Global Ozone Re...

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