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Chapter 9 PID control

66

CNT-SVX12C-EN

measured value. The system may miss important information and reach
setpoint slowly or not at all.

Figure 21 and Figure 22 show how aliasing can affect system response. In
Figure 21 the sampling frequency is too slow. Because of this, many of the
actual changes in duct static pressure are missed. In Figure 22 the sam-
pling frequency is fast enough that the changes in static pressure are
tracked accurately.

Figure 21. Sampling too slowly

Figure 22. Sampling at the correct rate

Problems also arise from sampling too quickly. Some systems have natu-
rally slow response times, such as when measuring room temperature.
Slow response times can also be caused by equipment lags. Since PID
loops respond to error and changes in error over time, if the process vari-
able (measured value) changes slowly, then the error will remain constant
for an extended period of time. If the process variable is sampled repeat-
edly during this time, the proportional output remains about the same,
but the integral output becomes larger (because it is the sum of past
errors). When the control system does respond, the response is out of pro-
portion to the reality of the situation, which can destabilize the system.

Sampling points

Changes missed
by system

Time

Duct st

atic pressur

e

Time

Duct st

at

ic

pr

essure

Sampling points

«
...
76
77
78
79
80
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»

Содержание Tracer ZN517

Страница 1: ...CNT SVX12C EN Installation and Operation Tracer ZN517 Unitary Controller...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...Installation and Operation Tracer ZN517 Unitary Controller CNT SVX12C EN April 2005...

Страница 4: ......

Страница 5: ...s guide no guarantee is offered that the hardware and software are error free Trane reserves the right to revise this publication at any time and to make changes to its content without obligation to n...

Страница 6: ...unsafe practices CAUTION Indicates a situation that may result in equipment damage or property damage The following format and symbol conventions appear at appropriate sections throughout this manual...

Страница 7: ...one temperature sensors 6 Discharge air temperature sensors 6 Damper actuators optional 6 Chapter 2 Mounting the controller 7 Location recommendations 7 Mounting recommendations 8 Chapter 3 Applicatio...

Страница 8: ...Occupied standby mode 21 Occupied bypass mode 22 Timed override control 22 Outdoor air damper operation 22 Fan operation 23 Peer to peer communication 23 Economizing 23 Discharge air tempering 24 Dema...

Страница 9: ...40 Timed override control 40 Outdoor air damper operation 40 Fan operation 41 Peer to peer communication 41 Economizing 41 Discharge air tempering 42 Demand control ventilation 42 Unit protection stra...

Страница 10: ...by mode 57 Occupied bypass mode 58 Timed override control 58 Outdoor air damper operation 58 Heating or cooling mode 59 Fan operation 59 Compressor operation 59 Reversing valve operation 59 Economizin...

Страница 11: ...Chapter 10 Status indicators for operation and communication 73 Test button 73 Manual output test 74 Service Pin button 74 Interpreting LEDs 76 Diagnostics 78 Diagnostic types 78 Table of diagnostics...

Страница 12: ...Table of contents vi CNT SVX12C EN...

Страница 13: ...which is based on the LonTalk protocol The controller is designed to be field installed and is sent from the factory configured for a 2 heat 2 cool application You can change this configura tion usin...

Страница 14: ...ach side 1 0 in 25 mm Top and bottom 4 0 in 102 mm Metal cover model see Figure 2 on page 3 Front 24 0 in 610 mm Each side 2 0 in 51 mm Top and bottom 1 0 in 25 mm Power The transformer must meet the...

Страница 15: ...625 in 143 mm 6 31 in 160 mm 4 in 102 mm 5 375 in 137 mm Clearances Dimensions 4 in 102 mm 6 875 in 175 mm 2 in 51 mm 9 in 229 mm 2 in 51 mm 24 in 610 mm 10 37 in 263 mm width with cover 1 in 25 mm 2...

Страница 16: ...UL flammability rating for plenum use FCC Part 15 Class A CFR 47 Factory default temperature setpoints The Tracer ZN517 unitary controller relies on a number of temperature setpoints to control HVAC...

Страница 17: ...ow limit 40 0 F 44 4 C Discharge air limits High limit 170 6 F 77 0 C Low limit 37 4 F 3 0 C Control point high limit 150 8 F 66 0 C Control point low limit 44 6 F 7 0 C Outdoor air damper setup Econo...

Страница 18: ...ry controller Contact your Trane sales office for information about other compatible zone sensors Discharge air temperature sensors Discharge air temperature sensors must be Trane 10 k at 25 C ther mi...

Страница 19: ...and heat pump applications the controller can be mounted inside the unit or at a convenient location inside the building Trane recommends locating the Tracer ZN517 unitary controller Near the control...

Страница 20: ...r in any direction other than with the front of the cover facing downward Mount using the two 3 16 in 4 8 mm radius mounting holes provided see Figure 3 Mounting fasteners are not included Attach the...

Страница 21: ...utput terminals and setting DIP switches for typical 2 heat 2 cool applications The func tion of inputs and outputs is also defined for these applications The types of 2 heat 2 cool applications suppo...

Страница 22: ...more information see 24 Vac power Terminals GND 24 V AC power wiring on page 85 Zone temperature Terminals ZN GND or communicated ZN Zone tempera ture on page 18 Table 4 Optional controller inputs and...

Страница 23: ...or generic optional Typical 3 wire sensor optional Compressor 1 contactor Heat stage 1 Tri state modulating economizer optional Fan LonTalk H N 24 Vac Generic binary output optional Compressor 2 cont...

Страница 24: ...the DIP switches on the circuit board for the 2 heat 2 cool configura tion The correct settings are shown in Figure 5 Figure 5 DIP switch settings for the 2 heat 2 cool configuration 1 2 3 4 O N D I P...

Страница 25: ...re binary output 5 5NO 5COM 5NC in one of the following ways It is the only output that can be configured as a generic binary output Not used Exhaust fan Will energize when the economizer outside air...

Страница 26: ...ed BI1 is used for two occupancy related functions For stand alone controllers this binary input can be hard wired to a binary switch clock or occupancy sensor to determine the occupancy mode either o...

Страница 27: ...ded for an application configure it as Not Used This disables the generation of diagnostics For the generic input configuration a 4 20 mA sensor must be hard wired to the AI1 terminal Wiring is depend...

Страница 28: ...easurement For the RH measurement configuration a hard wired 4 20 mA zone humidity sensor see Figure 7 must provide a value to the controller If a valid hard wired or communicated relative humidity va...

Страница 29: ...nfigured as a generic temperature input it can be monitored by a BAS The controller receives the temperature as a resistance signal from a 10 k thermistor wired to analog input AI2 The generic tempera...

Страница 30: ...quests and cancel requests to the controller for applications utilizing a Trane zone sensor with the ON and CANCEL button option SET Temperature setpoint The SET analog input functions as the local ha...

Страница 31: ...figured amount of time from 10 to 120 seconds to allow a communicated occupancy request to arrive If a communicated occupancy request arrives normal oper ation can begin If a communicated occupancy re...

Страница 32: ...eating capacity will be used to raise the discharge air temperature to the low limit see Discharge air temper ing on page 24 Simplified zone control In the absence of a discharge air temperature senso...

Страница 33: ...e using the Rover service tool or a BAS Unoccupied mode In unoccupied mode the controller attempts to maintain the zone temper ature based on the unoccupied heating or cooling setpoint The fan cycles...

Страница 34: ...cooling setpoints The occupied bypass time which resides in the Tracer ZN517 and defines the duration of the override is configurable using the Rover service tool or a BAS from 0 to 240 minutes defau...

Страница 35: ...is bound to it as a peer Applications having more than one unit serv ing a single zone can benefit by using this feature it allows multiple units to share a single zone temperature sensor and prevent...

Страница 36: ...Tracer ZN517 unitary controller modulates the outside air damper position in direct response to the CO2 level regulating the amount of out door air allowed to enter This function is referred to as de...

Страница 37: ...res the fan run time to Maintenance Required Timer Setpoint Once the setpoint is reached the controller generates a Mainte nance Required diagnostic When the diagnostic is cleared the controller reset...

Страница 38: ...Chapter 4 Sequence of operations for the 2 heat 2 cool configuration 26 CNT SVX12C EN...

Страница 39: ...on for wiring input and output terminals and setting DIP switches for typical 4 cool applications The function of inputs and outputs is also defined for these applications The types of 4 cool applicat...

Страница 40: ...Vac power Terminals GND 24 V AC power wiring on page 85 Zone temperature Terminals ZN GND or communicated ZN Zone tempera ture on page 36 Table 10 Optional controller inputs and outputs for specific a...

Страница 41: ...k In Outdoor air temperature optional Discharge air temperature LonTalk Out Compressor 1 contactor Compressor 3 contactor Tri state modulating economizer optional Fan H N 24 Vac Generic binary output...

Страница 42: ...tings Set the DIP switches on the circuit board for the 4 cool configuration The correct settings are shown in Figure 10 Figure 10 DIP switch settings for the 4 cool configuration 1 2 3 4 O N D I P 1...

Страница 43: ...generic binary output Not used Exhaust fan Will energize when the economizer outside air damper position is greater than the user defined control point Occupancy Will energize when the Tracer ZN517 i...

Страница 44: ...his binary input can be hard wired to a binary switch clock or occupancy sensor to determine the occupancy mode either occupied or unoccupied For con trollers receiving a BAS communicated occupancy re...

Страница 45: ...tion of diagnostics For the generic input configuration a 4 20 mA sensor must be hard wired to the AI1 terminal Wiring is dependent on the specific applica tion The sensor communicates a value of 0 10...

Страница 46: ...4 20 mA zone humidity sensor see Figure 12 must provide a value to the controller If a valid hard wired or communicated relative humidity value is estab lished and then is no longer present the contr...

Страница 47: ...ured as a generic temperature input it can be monitored by a BAS The controller receives the temperature as a resistance signal from a 10 k thermistor wired to analog input AI2 The generic tempera tur...

Страница 48: ...sts and cancel requests to the controller for applications utilizing a Trane zone sensor with the ON and CANCEL button option SET Temperature setpoint The SET analog input functions as the local hard...

Страница 49: ...d amount of time from 10 to 120 seconds to allow a communicated occupancy request to arrive If a communicated occupancy request arrives normal oper ation can begin If a communicated occupancy request...

Страница 50: ...ing capacity will be used to raise the discharge air temperature to the low limit see Discharge air temper ing on page 42 Simplified zone control In the absence of a discharge air temperature sensor t...

Страница 51: ...e setpoints can be local hard wired communicated or stored default values configurable using the Rover service tool or a BAS Unoccupied mode In unoccupied mode the controller attempts to maintain the...

Страница 52: ...ling setpoints The occupied bypass time which resides in the Tracer ZN517 and defines the duration of the override is configurable using the Rover service tool or a BAS from 0 to 240 minutes default v...

Страница 53: ...is bound to it as a peer Applications having more than one unit serv ing a single zone can benefit by using this feature it allows multiple units to share a single zone temperature sensor and prevent...

Страница 54: ...Tracer ZN517 unitary controller modulates the outside air damper position in direct response to the CO2 level regulating the amount of out door air allowed to enter This function is referred to as dem...

Страница 55: ...compares the fan run time to Maintenance Required Timer Setpoint Once the setpoint is reached the controller generates a Mainte nance Required diagnostic When the diagnostic is cleared the controller...

Страница 56: ...Chapter 6 Sequence of operations for the 4 cool configuration 44 CNT SVX12C EN...

Страница 57: ...and setting DIP switches for typical heat pump applications The function of inputs and outputs is also defined for these applications The types of heat pump applications supported by the Tracer ZN517...

Страница 58: ...erminals GND 24 V AC power wiring on page 85 Zone temperature Terminals ZN GND or communicated ZN Zone tempera ture on page 54 Table 16 Optional controller inputs and outputs for specific applications...

Страница 59: ...AI2 LonTalk In Out Occupancy or generic optional Compressor 1 contactor Reversing valve Tri state modulating economizer optional Fan H N 24 Vac Generic binary output optional Compressor 2 contactor G...

Страница 60: ...gs Set the DIP switches on the circuit board for the heat pump configura tion The correct settings are shown in Figure 15 Figure 15 DIP switch settings for heat pump configuration 1 2 3 4 O N D I P 1...

Страница 61: ...gured as a generic binary output Not used Exhaust fan Will energize when the economizer outside air damper position is greater than the user defined control point Occupancy Will energize when the Trac...

Страница 62: ...s this binary input can be hard wired to a binary switch clock or occupancy sensor to determine the occupancy mode either occupied or unoccupied For con trollers receiving a BAS communicated occupancy...

Страница 63: ...r an application configure it as Not Used This disables the generation of diagnostics For the generic input configuration a 4 20 mA sensor must be hard wired to the AI1 terminal Wiring is dependent on...

Страница 64: ...surement For the RH measurement configuration a hard wired 4 20 mA zone humidity sensor see Figure 17 must provide a value to the controller If a valid hard wired or communicated relative humidity val...

Страница 65: ...igured as a generic temperature input it can be monitored by a BAS The controller receives the temperature as a resistance signal from a 10 k thermistor wired to analog input AI2 The generic tempera t...

Страница 66: ...ests and cancel requests to the controller for applications utilizing a Trane zone sensor with the ON and CANCEL button option SET Temperature setpoint The SET analog input functions as the local hard...

Страница 67: ...of time from 10 to 120 seconds to allow a communicated occupancy request to arrive If a communicated occupancy request arrives normal oper ation can begin If a communicated occupancy request does not...

Страница 68: ...ating capacity will be used to raise the discharge air temperature to the low limit see Discharge air temper ing on page 60 Simplified zone control In the absence of a discharge air temperature sensor...

Страница 69: ...he temperature setpoints can be local hard wired communicated or stored default values configurable using the Rover service tool or a BAS Unoccupied mode In unoccupied mode the controller operates to...

Страница 70: ...ing or cooling setpoints The occupied bypass time which resides in the Tracer ZN517 and defines the duration of the override is configurable using the Rover service tool or a BAS from 0 to 240 minutes...

Страница 71: ...cooling mode Fan operation The Tracer ZN517 can be configured to run continuously at a single speed or to cycle on and off automatically If configured for continuous opera tion the fan runs continuous...

Страница 72: ...air damper will close and normal operation DX cooling will be activated Economizing plus DX cooling is initiated only when economizing alone cannot meet the zone s cooling requirements To enable this...

Страница 73: ...tool to share Setpoint Zone temperature Heating cooling mode Fan status Unit capacity control Shared data is communicated from one controller to any other controller that is bound to it as a peer Appl...

Страница 74: ...leared the controller resets the filter maintenance timer to zero and the timer begins accumu lating fan run time again Fan off delay The fan stays on for an additional 30 seconds adjustable with the...

Страница 75: ...its setpoint by monitoring the error the difference between the measured value and the setpoint The loop performs proportional inte gral and derivative calculations to determine how aggressively to c...

Страница 76: ...e for the proportional calculation in the Tracer ZN517 is 4 16 Restore PID factory defaults by clicking the Use Defaults button Integral calculation The integral calculation responds to the length of...

Страница 77: ...eadbands common in HVAC applications render deriv ative control ineffective Because of these disadvantages derivative control is rarely used in HVAC applications with the exception of steam valve cont...

Страница 78: ...systems have natu rally slow response times such as when measuring room temperature Slow response times can also be caused by equipment lags Since PID loops respond to error and changes in error over...

Страница 79: ...o fast acceptable and barely acceptable If the sampling frequency is too fast 2 seconds the process variable begins to oscillate and finally destabilizes because the PID loop output drives the actuato...

Страница 80: ...eases the error becomes smaller and the controller closes the valve to reduce or stop cooling Since the PID output and process variable move in the same direction both decreasing the loop is direct ac...

Страница 81: ...ooling are being used it is important to limit equipment cycling Adjusting error deadband for modulating outputs In most applications start with an error deadband of five or ten times the sensor resol...

Страница 82: ...the error deadband for cooling tower fan stages on very warm days and adjust the error deadband for boiler stages on very cold days With the preceding guidelines in mind use the following procedure t...

Страница 83: ...a time Follow these steps to troubleshoot a PID loop 1 Make sure that the system is not in override 2 Graph the process variable setpoint and valve position over time to determine how the system perfo...

Страница 84: ...ycling system slow down the loop See Sampling frequency on page 65 for more informa tion Changing the gains Be careful when changing PID gains Never change gains unless the effects can be measured Use...

Страница 85: ...the diagnostics that can occur their effect on con troller outputs and an explanation of how to clear diagnostics and restore the device to normal operation Test button Use the Test button to perform...

Страница 86: ...3 to 4 seconds then release the button to start the test mode The green LED light goes off when the Test button is pressed and then it blinks as described in Table 26 on page 77 when the button is rel...

Страница 87: ...agnostics 2 This step exits the manual output test and initiate a reset to restore the controller to normal operation Table 23 Manual output test sequence for 4 cool configurations Step number of time...

Страница 88: ...Auxiliary heat On Off Off Off Off On Off 8 Outdoor air damper On On Off Off Off Off Off 9 Generic exhaust fan occupancy On Off Off Off Off Off On 10 Exit2 Off Off Off Off Off Off Off 1 At the beginni...

Страница 89: ...al output test mode is being performed and one or more diag nostics are present LED blinks 1 4 second on 1 4 second off for 10 seconds The Auto wink option is activated and the controller is communica...

Страница 90: ...about the status of the controller They do not affect machine operation They can be cleared from the controller in one of the following ways By using the Rover service tool see Resetting a diagnostic...

Страница 91: ...ed timer has expired Informational warning only Informational Local Fan Switch Failure BI2 has not seen a contact closure for 60 seconds indi cating fan proving All binary outputs are disabled Automat...

Страница 92: ...Chapter 10 Status indicators for operation and communication 80 CNT SVX12C EN...

Страница 93: ...tion of the control ler For application specific wiring information and diagrams see Chapter 3 Applications for the 2 heat 2 cool configuration Chapter 5 Applica tions for the 4 cool configuration and...

Страница 94: ...the unit Figure 30 on page 84 Split systems If the unit is a split system a unit with physically separate heating and cooling sections there is typically a separate transformer for each func tion For...

Страница 95: ...ure 29 Coupling and uncoupling terminals Rc and Rh for 24 Vac wiring of the HVAC unit J1 location of jumper for Rc Rh terminals J1 J1 Place the jumper on both pins at J1 For packaged units Remove the...

Страница 96: ...ptional Fan H N 24 Vac Generic binary output dry contact Compressor 2 contactor Heat stage 2 Primary Secondary 24 Vac G Y1 Y2 R W1 W2 Compressor 1 contactor Heat stage 1 Tri state modulating economize...

Страница 97: ...onal Electrical Code and local codes The ac power connections are in the top left corner of the Tracer ZN517 unitary controller see Figure 32 Figure 32 Connecting ac power wires to the controller If y...

Страница 98: ...d with other LonTalk controllers via a LonTalk communication link For instruc tions on LonTalk communication wiring and addressing follow the requirements given in the Tracer Summit Hardware and Softw...

Страница 99: ...Tracer ZN517 unitary controller This chapter describes some common problems however it cannot describe every possible problem If you encounter operational problems with the Tracer ZN517 you must first...

Страница 100: ...N517 is not configured Step 2 Look at the green Status LED It should be on continuously during normal operation A blinking Status LED indicates the Tracer ZN517 is performing a manual output test For...

Страница 101: ...ation the fan normally cycles with capacity during unoccupied mode While unoccupied the fan cycles on or off with heating cooling to provide varying amounts of heating or cooling to the space Fan mode...

Страница 102: ...oes not have power electric heat does not operate For the ZN517 con troller to operate normally you must apply an input voltage of 24 Vac If the green LED is off continuously the controller does not h...

Страница 103: ...oor air damper operation Refer to applicable wiring diagram Failed end device Check damper actuator to ensure proper operation Normal operation The controller opens and closes the outdoor air damper b...

Страница 104: ...Chapter 12 Troubleshooting 92 CNT SVX12C EN...

Страница 105: ...outputs 31 Demand control ventilation 42 DIP switch settings 30 Discharge air temperature input 35 Discharge air tempering 42 Economizing 35 41 Exhaust fan output 31 Fan off delay 43 Fan operation 41...

Страница 106: ...ary outputs heat pump Exhaust fan 49 Generic 49 Occupancy 49 Overriding 49 Table 46 49 Building automation system communication 1 86 C Calculations In PID loops 64 65 Cascade zone control 2 heat 2 coo...

Страница 107: ...49 Fan off delay 62 Fan operation 59 Fan status 62 Fan status input 50 Filter maintenance timer 61 Generic binary input 50 Generic binary output 49 Heating or cooling mode 59 Manual output test seque...

Страница 108: ...l 42 Heat pump 61 R Rc Rh terminal wiring 82 84 Coupling and uncoupling with jumper 83 Reverse action of PID loops 68 Reversing valve operation 59 Rooftop units 9 13 27 31 Rover 1 Rover service tool 1...

Страница 109: ...ubleshooting Fans 89 Heat failure 90 Initial steps 88 Outdoor air damper remains closed 90 Outdoor air damper remains open 91 PID loops general 71 72 PID loops specific problems 72 U UL see Agency lis...

Страница 110: ...Index 98 CNT SVX12C EN...

Страница 111: ...d perform the installa tion and servicing of equipment referred to in this publication Literature Order Number CNT SVX12C EN File Number SV ES BAS CNT SVX12C EN 0405 Supersedes CNT SVX12B EN April 200...

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