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Measurement basics

R&S

®

ESW-K58

16

User Manual 1179.0880.02 ─ 03

4

Measurement basics

Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used in Multi CISPR APD
measurements is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration
settings.

The Amplitude Probability Distribution (APD) is a statistical measurement that shows
the "cumulative distribution of the probability of time that the amplitude of disturbance
exceeds a specified level" (CISPR 16-1-1, Amendment 1:2005). So, basically, the mea-
surement determines the likelihood that a disturbance is above a specified level at a
particular frequency (the measurement is usually performed on a fixed frequency).

The amplitude of the disturbance is expressed in terms of the corresponding field
strength or voltage at the receiver input.

The APD is measured at the output of the envelope detector. Therefore, the APD
yields the probability information over the entire disturbance envelope within the mea-
surement bandwidth and a particular period of time.

The APD function has the following advantages:

●

It provides an alternative way to present peak and average measurements (for
example for microwave ovens in accordance with CISPR 11).

●

It is able to calculate true average values.

●

It shows high sensitivity and allows you to measure, for example, a single impulse.

●

It allows you to measure unsteady levels.

The Multi CISPR APD application allows you to measure up to 20 channels at 1 MHz
bandwidth and up to 67 channels at 120 kHz bandwidth in parallel, thus saving a signif-
icant amount of measurement time. Traditional measurement methods only allowed to
measure the APD at one frequency at a time.

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Содержание ESW-K58

Страница 1: ...R S ESW K58 Multi CISPR APD User Manual 1179088002 Version 03 8 2...

Страница 2: ...22 Rohde Schwarz GmbH Co KG Muehldorfstr 15 81671 Muenchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Email info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change data without tolerance limits is no...

Страница 3: ...13 4 Measurement basics 16 5 Configuration 17 5 1 Configuration overview 17 5 2 Data input and output 18 5 3 Amplitude 23 5 4 Frequency 29 5 5 Trigger 31 5 6 Measurement settings 33 5 7 Evaluation tab...

Страница 4: ...tents R S ESW K58 4 User Manual 1179 0880 02 03 8 2 Common suffixes 51 8 3 Application selection 51 8 4 Result display configuration 55 8 5 Configuration 70 8 6 Analysis 89 List of commands 98 Index 1...

Страница 5: ...of all functions and settings available to configure measure ments and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command Measurement Examples Detailed measurement examples to guide you t...

Страница 6: ...tional firmware applications Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application includ ing remote control commands Basic information on operating the R S ESW is not included...

Страница 7: ...sues of the current firmware version and describe the firmware installation The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the used open source software See www rohde schwa...

Страница 8: ...tion ally connected mouse The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or the on screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating pro cedures The term select...

Страница 9: ...various result displays CISPR APD at Tuned Frequency Multi APD Result Summary This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application pro vides including remote control opera...

Страница 10: ...can be performed at any time namely the one in the currently active channel However in order to perform the configured measurements consecu tively a Sequencer function is provided If activated the me...

Страница 11: ...ormation displayed in the channel bar in the application for Multi CISPR APD measure ments Ref Level Reference level Att RF attenuation applied to input Input Input toggle state ABW Analysis bandwidth...

Страница 12: ...ich type of evaluation is displayed Information on the displayed traces is indicated in the window title bar Trace color Trace number Detector Trace mode For further information on the Window Title Ba...

Страница 13: ...icular fre quency Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH CAPD See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 56 Fast Access By default the Fast Access panel provides functionality to control the Reference Level and the Tuned F...

Страница 14: ...escription Pass Margin Fail Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH MAPD See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 56 Notes Provides functionality to add comments or explanations to the current measurement For more informa...

Страница 15: ...Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH RSUM see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 56 TRACe n DATA on page 64 CALCulate n STATistics RESult res on page 64 FETCh SUMMary n ALL on page 65 FETCh SUMMary n AVERage on page...

Страница 16: ...erms of the corresponding field strength or voltage at the receiver input The APD is measured at the output of the envelope detector Therefore the APD yields the probability information over the entir...

Страница 17: ...33 Evaluation table 36 Display configuration 37 Sweep settings 37 Transducer 38 5 1 Configuration overview Throughout the measurement configuration an overview of the most important cur rently define...

Страница 18: ...view Output The R S ESW can analyze signals from different input sources and provide various types of output such as video or trigger signals I Q data import and export You can also analyze I Q data t...

Страница 19: ...l INPut ip TYPE on page 71 Input Coupling The RF input of the R S ESW can be coupled by alternating current AC or direct cur rent DC Note that the Input Coupling feature is only available for input 2...

Страница 20: ...ways at least 10 dB Attenua tion smaller than 10 dB is only available when you turn off the pulse limiter Remote command INPut ip ATTenuation LIMiter STATe on page 71 5 2 2 Configuring external mixers...

Страница 21: ...tion only You can configure each channel separately Remote command OUTPut ou LINK on page 72 Controlling the volume CAUTION Risk of hearing damage To protect your hearing make sure that the vol ume se...

Страница 22: ...rmation refer to the user manual of the R S ESW 5 2 6 Configuring additional outputs Access Overview Output Additional Outputs The R S ESW provides additional outputs that you can use for various task...

Страница 23: ...these settings are described in Chap ter 8 5 3 Amplitude configuration on page 74 Functions to configure level characteristics described elsewhere Input Coupling on page 19 Impedance on page 20 Refere...

Страница 24: ...his value The setting range is 200 dB in 0 01 dB steps Note however that the internal reference level used to adjust the hardware settings to the expected signal ignores any Reference Level Offset Thu...

Страница 25: ...page 76 Preamplifier Configures the preamplifier In addition to the standard preamplifier a low noise amplifier is available as an optional hardware component Off Turns off the preamplifier LN Amplif...

Страница 26: ...s follows Mixer Level Input Level attenuation gain RF input protection The R S ESW is equipped with an overload protection mechanism This mechanism becomes active as soon as the signal level at the in...

Страница 27: ...r further protection of the input mixer the R S ESW does not allow you to select attenuation levels of less than 10 dB unless you explicitly turn on this feature 10 dB Minimum Attenuation Risk of dama...

Страница 28: ...be displayed selectivity and thus allows you to analyze only the frequency range you are interested in The preselector of the R S ESW consists of several filters which are automatically applied during...

Страница 29: ...n be configured via the Frequency dialog box which is displayed when you do one of the following The remote commands required to configure the frequency are described in Chap ter 8 5 4 Frequency confi...

Страница 30: ...er STEP on page 78 Frequency Offset Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x axis by the defined offset This parameter has no effect on the instrument s hardware on the captured data or on dat...

Страница 31: ...gs Access Overview Trigger Trigger Source Trigger Source 31 Free Run 31 Ext Trigger 1 2 31 Trigger Level 32 Trigger Offset 32 Drop Out Time 32 Slope 32 Trigger Holdoff 32 Trigger Source In the Multi C...

Страница 32: ...sheet Remote command TRIGger tp SEQuence LEVel EXTernal on page 79 Trigger Offset Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement Offset 0 Start of the measurement...

Страница 33: ...1 is INPUT only Providing trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R S ESW User Manual Input The signal at the connector is used as an external trigger source by the R S ESW Trigger in...

Страница 34: ...side a valid band again Table 5 2 Center frequency bands 2 4 GHz f 2 45 GHz no CISPR band set f to 2 4 GHz Span 2 next valid band below the gap 2 45 GHz f 2 5 GHz no CISPR band set f to 2 5 GHz Span 2...

Страница 35: ...o define the parameters of the measurement If parameters in the measurement settings are changed in a way that they no longer correspond to the evaluation table the corresponding column in the table i...

Страница 36: ...yed out Evaluation Turns the evaluation on and off Insert Left Inserts a new column on the left side of the selected column Insert Right Inserts a new column on the right side of the selected column D...

Страница 37: ...available evaluation methods see Chapter 3 Measurements and result displays on page 13 5 9 Sweep settings The sweep settings provide functionality to switch between a single measurement and a continuo...

Страница 38: ...d Measurement mode INITiate n CONTinuous on page 88 Run measurement INITiate mt IMMediate on page 88 5 10 Transducer Many EMC test setups contain a transducer for example antennas cables probes or cur...

Страница 39: ...tion refer to the R S ESW User Manual Trace data export configuration 39 Marker settings 40 APD display configuration 41 Scaling 41 Test reports 43 6 1 Trace data export configuration Access Trace Tra...

Страница 40: ...ader of the export file for result data Remote command FORMat DEXPort HEADer on page 90 Export All Traces for Selected Graph Includes all traces for the currently selected graphical result display in...

Страница 41: ...STATe on page 92 CALCulate n SPECtrogram THReedim STATe on page 92 Show 3D Limits The Show 3D limits switch enables and disables the limits on the 3D plot If Tuned Fre quency is selected only the limi...

Страница 42: ...es the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings The Auto Scale Once function scales the display only once it is not adapted further if the measur...

Страница 43: ...w n TRACe t Z SCALe MINimum on page 97 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Z SCALe MAXimum on page 97 6 5 Test reports The R S ESW provides specific test report templates for Multi APD and CISPR APD measurements...

Страница 44: ...Tiate CONTinuous Off Load standard settings for CISPR 11 Ed 6 2 SENSe MAPD STANdard LOAD CISPR_11_Ed 6 2 xml Start a measurement INITiate IMMediate Query the results FETCh SUMMary ALL Add the results...

Страница 45: ...t for channel 1 SENSe MAPD CHANnel1 ELIMit 1e 5 Start a measurement to execute the changes INITiate IMMediate Query the results for all FETCh SUMMary ALL Query the result for the delta to P limit for...

Страница 46: ...ies The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and usually one or more param eters To use a command as a query you have to append a question mark after the last header element even if the comma...

Страница 47: ...that are used directly after resetting the instrument RST command are indicated as RST values if available Default unit The default unit is used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with t...

Страница 48: ...ds are emphasized with square brackets Example Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as FREQuency CENTer With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword DIS...

Страница 49: ...discrete steps the command returns an error Instead of a number you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special cases MIN MAX Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supp...

Страница 50: ...ext using a short or a long form For more information see Chapter 8 1 2 Long and short form on page 47 Querying text parameters When you query text parameters the system returns its short form Example...

Страница 51: ...in the currently selected channel t 1 6 Trace li 1 to 8 Limit line i 1 3 Selects one of the analog output channels 1 2 or Phones k 1 8 Limit line 1 2 Display line Selects a limit or display line peak...

Страница 52: ...xample INST CRE SAN Spectrum 2 Adds a spectrum display named Spectrum 2 INSTrument CREate REPLace ChannelName1 ChannelType ChannelName2 This command replaces a channel with another one Setting paramet...

Страница 53: ...annel the command returns the channel type and channel name see tables below Tip to change the channel name use the INSTrument REName command Example INST LIST Result for 2 channels REC Receiver REC R...

Страница 54: ...channel with the defined channel type or selects an existing channel with the specified name Also see INSTrument CREate NEW on page 52 Parameters ChannelType Channel type of the new channel For a lis...

Страница 55: ...ll active chan nels SINGle Displays the measurement channel that was previously focused RST SING Example DISP FORM SPL DISPlay WINDow n SIZE Size This command maximizes the size of the selected result...

Страница 56: ...X 62 CALCulate n MARKer m Y 62 CALCulate n MARKer m Z 62 LAYout ADD WINDow WindowName Direction WindowType This command adds a window to the display in the active channel This command is always used a...

Страница 57: ...ndows in the active channel from top left to bottom right The result is a comma separated list of values for each window with the syntax WindowName_1 WindowIndex_1 WindowName_n WindowIndex_n Return va...

Страница 58: ...n index and window name To add a new window use the LAYout ADD WINDow command Setting parameters WindowName String containing the name of the existing window By default the name of a window is the sam...

Страница 59: ...us bar and softkey menu The point of origin x 0 y 0 is in the lower left corner of the screen The end point x 100 y 100 is in the upper right cor ner of the screen See Figure 8 1 The direction in whic...

Страница 60: ...ined by a parameter To replace an existing window use the LAYout WINDow n REPLace command This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result S...

Страница 61: ...REMove WINDow command Suffix n Window Example LAY WIND2 REM Removes the result display in window 2 Usage Event LAYout WINDow n REPLace WindowType This command changes the window type of an existing w...

Страница 62: ...e unit depends on the result display Range The range depends on the current x axis range Default unit Hz Example CALC MARK2 X 1 7MHz Positions marker 2 to frequency 1 7 MHz CALCulate n MARKer m Y Quer...

Страница 63: ...it ALL 69 FORMat DATA Format BitLength This command selects the data format that is used for transmission of trace data from the R S ESW to the controlling computer Note that the command has no effect...

Страница 64: ...rned TRACE1 Returns the trace data for trace 1 for Channel1 to ChannelM TracePoint1 to TracePointN The data are returned in the order Channel1 TracePoint1 Channel1 TracePointN Channel2 TracePoint1 Cha...

Страница 65: ...e Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 14 FETCh SUMMary n ALL Querys all Result Summary table values Suffix n irrelevant Example FETCh SUMMary Usage Query only Manual operation See R...

Страница 66: ...14 FETCh SUMMary n DELimit ALL Querys all Result Summary Delta to E Limit values Suffix n irrelevant Return values Value Delta to E Limit values Example FETCh SUMMary1 DELimit ALL Usage Query only Ma...

Страница 67: ...Value E Limit value Example FETCh SUMMary1 ELIMit Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 14 FETCh SUMMary n ELIMit ALL Querys all Result Summary E Limit values Suffix n irreleva...

Страница 68: ...te for the specified table row Suffix n Result Summary table row Return values Limit PASS MARGin FAIL Example FETCh SUMMary1 LIMit Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 14 FETCh...

Страница 69: ...sage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 14 FETCh SUMMary n PLIMit Querys the Result Summary P Limit value for the specified table row Suffix n Result Summary table row Return value...

Страница 70: ...INPut ip TYPE 71 INPut ip ATTenuation LIMiter STATe 71 INPut ip COUPling CouplingType This command selects the coupling type of the RF input Suffix ip 1 2 irrelevant Parameters CouplingType AC DC AC A...

Страница 71: ...mple Select input path INP TYPE INPUT1 Manual operation See Input Selection on page 19 INPut ip ATTenuation LIMiter STATe State This command turns the pulse limiter on and off The pulse limiter is an...

Страница 72: ...ist of commands refer to the user manual of the R S ESW 8 5 2 Output configuration Signal output 72 Other outputs 73 8 5 2 1 Signal output OUTPut ou LINK 72 SYSTem SPEaker MAXVolume 72 SYSTem SPEaker...

Страница 73: ...ration See Controlling the volume on page 21 SYSTem SPEaker VOLume Volume This command defines the volume with which audio signals are output Parameters Volume Numeric value between 0 and 1 with 1 bei...

Страница 74: ...n STATe 76 INPut ip ATTenuation VALue 76 INPut ip GAIN AUTO 76 INPut ip GAIN LNA AUTO 77 INPut ip GAIN LNA STATe 77 INPut ip GAIN STATe 77 CALCulate n UNIT POWer Unit This command selects the unit of...

Страница 75: ...traces in all windows Suffix n irrelevant w subwindow Not supported by all applications t irrelevant Parameters Offset Range 200 dB to 200 dB RST 0dB Default unit DB Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV OFFS 10dB...

Страница 76: ...m Attenuation on page 25 INPut ip ATTenuation VALue Attenuation This command defines the attenuation at the RF input To protect the input mixer attenuation levels of 10 dB or less are possible only if...

Страница 77: ...ON INP GAIN LNA AUTO OFF INPut ip GAIN LNA STATe State This command turns the optional low noise amplifier on and off Note that it is not possible to use the low noise amplifier and the preamplifier...

Страница 78: ...nter Frequency on page 29 SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP StepSize This command defines the center frequency step size Parameters StepSize fmax is specified in the data sheet Range 1 to fMAX RST 0 1 x spa...

Страница 79: ...TPut up TRIGger tp DIRection 81 TRIGger tp SEQuence SOURce Source This command selects the trigger source Note on external triggers If a measurement is configured to wait for an external trigger signa...

Страница 80: ...domain measurements For the trigger sources External or IF Power a common input signal is used for both trigger and gate Therefore changes to the gate delay affect the trigger offset as well Suffix t...

Страница 81: ...ines the holding time before the next trigger event Note that this command can be used for any trigger source not just IF Power despite the legacy keyword Parameters Period Range 0 s to 10 s RST 0 s D...

Страница 82: ...directory for Multi CISPR APD standards is SYSTEM_ROOT predefined MultiApd If you have stored the file in a subdirectory of the directory mentioned above you have to include the relative path to the f...

Страница 83: ...tion See Measurement Settings on page 35 SENSe BANDwidth RESolution Bandwidth Defines the resolution bandwidth and decouples the resolution bandwidth from the span Parameters Bandwidth numeric value R...

Страница 84: ...quency to be in range of CISPR band edges Example SENS DEM FORM BURS ON Usage Event Manual operation See Measurement Settings on page 35 8 5 7 Evaluation table SENSe MAPD CHANnel n CLEar 84 SENSe MAPD...

Страница 85: ...Se MAPD CHANnel n DELete Removes a channel from the evaluation table Suffix n 1 n Channel Example SENS MAPD CHAN1 DEL Usage Event Manual operation See Evaluation Table on page 36 SENSe MAPD CHANnel n...

Страница 86: ...CHANnel n INSert Direction Inserts a channel into the evaluation table before or after the selected channel Suffix n 1 n Channel Setting parameters Direction BEFore AFTer Example SENS MAPD CHAN1 INS...

Страница 87: ...Example SENS MAPD CHAN1 PMAR 0 01 Manual operation See Evaluation Table on page 36 SENSe MAPD CHANnel n POPulate Populates the evaluation table using the current settings All channels that can be cal...

Страница 88: ...nt with OPC OPC or WAI In continuous measurement mode synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement is not possible Thus it is not recommended that you use continuous measurement mode in remote contr...

Страница 89: ...remote controlled mea surements because results like trace data or markers are only valid after synchro nization Suffix mt INITiate1 initiates a bargraph measurement INITiate2 initiates a scan Example...

Страница 90: ...n TRACe command is ignored RST SINGle Manual operation See Export all Traces and all Table Results on page 40 FORMat DEXPort HEADer State If enabled additional instrument and measurement settings are...

Страница 91: ...at are stored on the instrument are stored to volatile memory which is restricted to 256 MB Thus a memory limit reached error can occur although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still ava...

Страница 92: ...5PCT Positions marker 1 to a probability of 95 Manual operation See Percent Marker on page 40 CALCulate n SGRam THReedim STATe State Activates or deactivates a 3 dimensional spectrogram Suffix n Windo...

Страница 93: ...t visibility Suffix n 1 n Parameters for setting and query Limits NONE TUNed ALL Example CALC1 SPEC THR LIM Manual operation See Show 3D Limits on page 41 8 6 3 Scaling DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TR...

Страница 94: ...w TRACe t Y SCALe AUTO ONCE This command automatically scales the y axis of a diagram based on the displayed results Suffix n Window w Subwindow t irrelevant Setting parameters ONCE ALL Scales the y a...

Страница 95: ...on See Automatic grid scaling on page 42 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t X SCALe MINimum Value This command defines the value at the bottom of the y axis Suffix n Window w irrelevant t irrelevant...

Страница 96: ...Parameters Value Minimum displayed value The unit and value range depend on the selected diagram Example Define minimum value on y axis in subwindow 2 of window 2 DISP WIND2 SUBW2 TRAC Y MIN 50 Manual...

Страница 97: ...result display Example Define z axis level range DISP TRAC z AUTO OFF Manual operation See Scaling according to min and max values on page 42 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Z SCALe MAXimum Value This comma...

Страница 98: ...LOAD 82 SENSe MAPD STANdard SAVE 82 SENSe SWEep TIME 83 CALCulate n MARKer m X 62 CALCulate n MARKer m Y PERCent 92 CALCulate n MARKer m Y 62 CALCulate n MARKer m Z 62 CALCulate n SGRam THReedim LIMi...

Страница 99: ...65 FORMat DEXPort DSEParator 91 FORMat DEXPort GRAPh 90 FORMat DEXPort HEADer 90 FORMat DEXPort TRACes 90 FORMat DATA 63 INITiate mt IMMediate 88 INITiate n CONTinuous 88 INPut ip ATTenuation AUTO 75...

Страница 100: ...72 OUTPut ou PROBe pb POWer 73 OUTPut up TRIGger tp DIRection 81 SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXEC 54 SYSTem SPEaker MAXVolume 72 SYSTem SPEaker MUTE 73 SYSTem SPEaker VOLume 73 TRACe n DATA 64 TRIGger SEQue...

Страница 101: ...easurement 16 Continuous sweep Softkey 37 Conventions SCPI commands 46 Copying Channel remote 51 D Data format Remote 90 Data sheets 7 Decimal separator Trace export 40 Display configuration Softkey 3...

Страница 102: ...8 Result Display 10 Result Displays 13 Result Summary Evaluation method 14 Results 13 Analyzing 39 Data format remote 90 Exporting 40 RF attenuation 24 RF input 19 RUN CONT Key 37 RUN SINGLE Key 37 S...

Страница 103: ...SW K58 103 User Manual 1179 0880 02 03 W White papers 7 Windows Adding remote 56 Closing remote 61 Layout remote 58 Maximizing remote 55 Querying remote 57 Replacing remote 58 Splitting remote 55 Type...

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