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Reference

Chromatic Dispersion–theory and management

fiber-optic cable is not constant over time, making compensation difficult. This
effect will ultimately limit the highest achievable data rates for a single-wave-
length fiber optic system.

Managing chromatic dispersion

Control of the total chromatic dispersion of transmission paths is critical to the
design and construction of long-haul, high-speed telecommunications sys-
tems. The first objective is to reduce the total dispersion to the point where its
contribution to the error rate of the system is acceptable. A system consists of
many spans of fiber from different manufacturing runs, each with its own zero-
dispersion wavelength and dispersion slope at

λ

0

(

lambda-zero). The disper-

sion of a single-channel system can be controlled by connecting fibers of dif-
fering dispersion such that the total dispersion is near zero. Alternately,
dispersion may be allowed to accumulate along the path and then compen-
sated at the output of the system. For example, if an installed dispersion-
shifted fiber system exhibits negative dispersion at the chosen operating
wavelength, it can be compensated with a relatively short length of dispersion-
unshifted fiber, which has a large, positive dispersion coefficient at the same
wavelength. Dispersion can also be compensated with chirped fiber Bragg
gratings, made by exposing specially doped fiber to an interference pattern of
intense ultraviolet light. Chirping refers to an increase in the period of the
index variation as a function of distance along the fiber. Dispersion compensa-
tion is more complex in dense WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) sys-
tems.

The output power of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA’s) is sufficient to
produce nonlinear effects in singlemode fiber. The second objective of chro-
matic dispersion compensation is to limit the impairments caused by these
nonlinearities. For example, four-wave mixing can be controlled by maintain-
ing a small negative dispersion in those portions of a span that are exposed to
high power levels. (Another approach to this problem, in wavelength multi-
plexed systems, is to space channels in unequal wavelength increments).

Summary

In high-speed, long-haul systems, chromatic dispersion must be compensated
for to minimize ordinary pulse broadening. Some chromatic dispersion must
be maintained at a small but non-zero level in regions where the optical power
is extremely high.

Chromatic dispersion measurements are performed by fiber and cable
researchers, manufacturers, and system integrators. Increasingly, chromatic
dispersion measurements are also performed during the design, manufacture,
and incoming inspection of system components, particularly chromatic disper-

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Содержание 86037B

Страница 1: ...User s Guide HP 86037B Chromatic Dispersion Test System ...

Страница 2: ...installed on that instrument Hewlett Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or firmware will be uninter rupted or error free Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfac ing unauthorized modifica tion or misuse operation outside of the enviro...

Страница 3: ...15 May 1991 or DFARS 252 227 7014 Jun 1995 as a commercial item as defined in FAR 2 101 a or as Restricted computer soft ware as defined in FAR 52 227 19 Jun 1987 or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause whichever is applicable You have those rights provided for such Soft ware and Documentation by the applicable FAR or DFARS clause or the HP standard software agreement for the produc...

Страница 4: ...under this warranty will be defined in and subject to the terms and limitations of the warranties contained in this Agreement or of HP s standard commercial war ranties if no such contractual warranties exist To the extent permitted by local law this warranty applies only to branded HP Products and not to prod ucts manufactured by others that may be sold or distributed by HP Nothing in this warran...

Страница 5: ...ator Bias 3 7 Normalizing the Laser 3 8 Adjusting the Power Monitor 3 10 Setting Normalization Preferences 3 13 4 Remote Control Setting up a Measurement 4 4 Performing a Measurement 4 13 Reading the Measurement Results 4 16 TES Parameters 4 21 TES Min Max Parameters 4 38 Output Parameters 4 41 5 Maintenance Troubleshooting Common Problems 5 3 Verification Tests 5 9 Reinstalling the System Softwar...

Страница 6: ...on 7 Reference Theory of Operation 7 2 Rack Diagram 7 6 Chromatic Dispersion theory and management 7 8 Measurement Repeatability 7 11 Material Lists 7 13 Power Cords 7 18 System Options 7 19 8 Specifications and Regulatory Information Specifications 8 3 Regulatory Information 8 7 ...

Страница 7: ...1 Operation at a glance 1 2 A Quick Tour 1 4 Measuring Fiber Devices 1 8 Measuring Grating Devices 1 11 Quick Start ...

Страница 8: ... to Chromatic Disper sion theory and management on page 7 8 Also refer to Fiber Optic Test and Measurement a Hewlett Packard Professional Book available from Prentice Hall ISBN 0 13 534330 5 To learn about available support options refer to HP Support and Mainte nance on page 5 18 The HP 86037B system uses the Windows NT operating system To learn about Windows NT refer to your Microsoft Windows NT...

Страница 9: ... instruments including fiberoptic cables RF cables or GPIB cables are removed by the customer The system should only be disassembled by a Hewlett Packard Customer Engineer Instruments should not be swapped or removed by non Hewlett Packard personnel SOURCE OUTPUT light output System power switch RECEIVER INPUT Measurement accuracy it s up to you Fiber optic connectors are easily damaged when conne...

Страница 10: ...the HP CD icon 3 The two procedures listed below should have been performed as part of the system installation procedure If they have not yet been performed perform them at this time Normalizing the Laser on page 3 8 Adjusting the Power Monitor on page 3 10 4 On the Service menu click Select TLS Click the appropriate button to enable the tunable laser source For safety reasons the default value is...

Страница 11: ...HP Defaults and then OK 8 On the SetParametersFor menu click Length Meas In the dialog box click Set HP Defaults and then OK Normalization data Test identification area Measurement range Message area Measurement speed Fiber parameters Open Windows Notepad Adjust modulator bias Normalize test setup Start measurement Test the connections Verify current normalization View measurement data Grating par...

Страница 12: ...red in order to protect the system s fiber optic connectors from wear 11 Remove the device being tested from the test setup and replace the device with a patch cord Retain as many of the test setup cables as possible 12 Click Power Monitor and confirm that the power levels indicate that good low loss connections have been made 13 Click New Normalization to normalize the measurement setup Then clic...

Страница 13: ...able options for viewing your data Measurement results can be saved for future review Refer to Using Data base Files on page 2 33 to learn about this capability Figure 1 2 Measurement progress shown in the Graph and List panes Turning the system off C AUT IO N Turning the system off without performing the following steps may damage the application files 19 On the File menu click Exit and move the ...

Страница 14: ...e 1 GHz and preferably at 2 GHz This puts some restrictions on the wavelength step size because too large of a step size results in a phase wrap around where the phase jump exceeds 360 as the wavelength is stepped Use the following formula to determine the maximum step size where λ λ λ λ MAX is the maximum allowed step size in nm to keep the modulation frequency at the desired value fm fm is the d...

Страница 15: ...35 steps for the measurement and thereby halving the measurement time Make a survey measurement with a wide wavelength range and a lower modu lation frequency for example 500 MHz Then raise the modulation frequency for example to 2 GHz but narrow down λSPAN by zooming into the wavelength range of interest In the above equation a reduction of λSPAN by a factor of 2 will increase the maximum allowed...

Страница 16: ...elay curve should have the shape of a par abolic curve In fact the results presented here are valid even if the three term or the five term Sellmeier fits are used as those two models also have the parabolic shape This assumption is valid for systems consisting mostly of dispersion shifted fiber Assumption 2 The dispersion slope S0 in ps nm2 km is known For example the dis persion slope S0 is appr...

Страница 17: ...hod used to reduce the effects of noise when measuring fiber based devices there is currently no standard for grating based devices You can of course export the data and apply your own corrections 2 Set the Test Modulation Frequency to the Manual setting Refer to CD Gain Meas command on page 2 15 to configure this setting For details on determining the proper RF test modulation frequency refer to ...

Страница 18: ... without introducing 360 phase shifts This requires that you know the approxi mate group delay variation between measurement wavelength steps expected on the device that you are measuring Set the RF modulation frequency to a value which has a period that is at least twice the anticipated group delay between wavelength steps For example when measuring a grating device that has a variation in group ...

Страница 19: ...rs area 2 10 Fiber Related Parameters area 2 12 Grating Related Parameters area 2 14 File menu 2 15 SetParametersFor menu 2 15 Range menu 2 18 System menu 2 19 Service menu 2 22 The Review Data Window 2 23 Measurement review tabs 2 25 File menu 2 29 Edit menu 2 32 Preferences menu 2 32 Using Database Files 2 33 Checking Test Fiber Stability 2 36 Operation ...

Страница 20: ...ir menu selections The two window views main and data review are each described in a separate section Addi tional sections describe database files and test fiber stability The chromatic dispersion application starts up in the main window from which you perform all measurements After performing a measurement the applica tion automatically switches to the data review window ...

Страница 21: ...from the main window After performing your measurement you can switch between the main and data review win dows with the click of a button Some settings can be made directly on the main window Others are accessed through menu selections Figure 2 1 Switching between main and data review windows Click to display Review Data window Click to return to Main window ...

Страница 22: ... Main Window Refer to Test and Tool buttons on page 2 5 Wavelength Selection area on page 2 6 Test Identification area on page 2 8 Normalization area on page 2 9 Fiber Related Parameters area on page 2 12 and Measuring Fiber Devices on page 1 8 Grating Related Parameters area on page 2 14 and Measuring Grating Devices on page 1 11 Measurement Speed Parameters area on page 2 10 File menu on page 2 ...

Страница 23: ... test Click to display the Review Data window from which you can display print save and recall your measurement data Refer to The Review Data Window on page 2 23 for more information Click to test signal levels through the device being tested and the test setup Significant loss can be caused by damaged or improperly cleaned cables refer to Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements on page 5 2...

Страница 24: ...shows the wavelength range where the selected tunable laser source power is more than the tunable laser source can deliver If you select a wave length range within the shaded area the tunable laser source displays an error and continue to put out as much power as it can Figure 2 2 TLS power roll off in relation to wavelength range Steps and Delta The Steps field sets the number of measurement poin...

Страница 25: ...20 steps using three different sensitivity settings Refer to Sensitivity on page 2 16 for informa tion on the sensitivity settings Ref The Ref check box establishes a reference wavelength The reference wave length is used to correct length drifts of the device under test during the mea surement and should be set when measuring fibers It improves the accuracy of the measurement but increases measur...

Страница 26: ...could change the Fiber label to read Multi plexer To learn how to change the labels refer to Record Labels command on page 2 20 After entering names into the Test Manager and Operator fields these names can then be selected from the drop down list box rather than typed For example identification numbers for different technicians can be entered in the Operator field as shown in the following figure...

Страница 27: ...s The following are two examples of devices for which you can create normaliza tion data A fiber jumper connected between the test ports of the CD system Follow ing the normalization one end of the jumper will be disconnected and the device under test inserted A pair of fiber jumpers connected by a through adapter connected be tween the test ports of the CD system Following the normalization the t...

Страница 28: ...he normal setting 201 measurement points may not offer substantially greater accuracy than the fastest setting 3 measure ment points Figure 2 3 shows how measured group delay uncertainty varies with measurement speed the sensitivity setting and the loss through upthe test device To learn how the sensitivity setting affects measurement speed refer to Sensitivity on page 2 16 Notice that for devices...

Страница 29: ...ng the measurement speed and sensitivity settings you can opti mize your measurements for your requirements For example you could design a fast test for broadband fiber measurement and a high accuracy test for narrow band grating measurements ...

Страница 30: ...eters Length not required Removes the length requirement from the measurement Repeat Cycles area The Repeat Cycles area shows the number of times that a spe cific test is repeated Click Change to change the repeat cycles val ues the window shown in Figure 2 4 is displayed You can select a single test or several groups of tests As you move the cursor over the possible choices they are highlighted o...

Страница 31: ...2 13 Operation The Main Window Figure 2 4 Repeat Measurement Selector ...

Страница 32: ...e wavelength accuracy of the measurement results Mea surement speed however will be increased Selecting the On check box causes the multi wavelength meter to provide wavelength feedback to the laser The Tuning Accuracy field sets the required accuracy Absolute Group Delay Measurement Select On to include absolute group delay measurements to your tests This selection auto matically turns off the cu...

Страница 33: ...tomatically added to the filename SetParametersFor menu CD Gain Meas command Set HP Defaults button Sets the default settings Test and Reference Modu lation Frequencies Sets the RF frequencies used to modulate the optical signal during tests and reference measurements For informa tion on determining the opti mum RF modulation frequency refer to Measuring Fiber Devices on page 1 8 Use the Auto sett...

Страница 34: ...trols the number of network analyzer sweeps which are averaged to at each wavelength point measurement time increases in pro portion to averaging factor Noise is reduced by the reciprocal of the square root of the averaging factor CD measurement only or CD and Gain measurement Click these options to include gain measurements during your testing For measurements on fibers the chromatic dispersion m...

Страница 35: ... as is possible Average Factor Increasing the average factor reduces noise when measuring length Because this factor controls the number of network analyzer sweeps which are aver aged to at each wavelength point measurement time increases in proportion to averaging factor Noise is reduced by the reciprocal of the square root of the averaging factor Sensitivity You can select from Normal High and H...

Страница 36: ...surements required to determine the length Normalization command Refer to Chapter 3 Normalization for information on using the Normaliza tion command Range menu On dual band systems use the selections in the Range menu to select the mea surement band Single band systems do not provide this menu ...

Страница 37: ...n The Main Window System menu Addresses command On the System menu click Addresses to view the GPIB addresses for all of the instruments in the system These addresses are set at the factory and should not be changed ...

Страница 38: ... to Using Database Files on page 2 33 Record Labels command Using the Record Labels command you can change the test identification labels to suit your needs Figure 2 5 on page 2 21 shows an example of changing sev eral of these labels Wavelength Meter command Click Wavelength Meter to set or clear the check mark indicating that the system includes a wavelength meter ...

Страница 39: ...2 21 Operation The Main Window Figure 2 5 Changing the test information labels To change these labels Click Edit names and edit the fields in the dialog box ...

Страница 40: ...r on page 3 10 for a description on using this command Select TLS command This command turns the appropriate tun able laser source on or off For safety reasons the system is shipped from HP with the lasers set to off Pause between wavelength ranges command Click Pause between wavelength ranges command to set or clear the check mark When set a short delay is added between measuring different wavele...

Страница 41: ... by click ing one of five tabs Two tabs present gain data if measured To enable gain measurements use the appropriate item in the CD Gain Meas command Refer to CD measurement only or CD and Gain measurement on page 2 16 Using the normalize dispersion button you can change the y axis data on the review data graphs This button toggles between showing chromatic disper sion data for the total measured...

Страница 42: ...wavelengths Print measurement results Select curve fit algorithm for group delay Normalize dispersion by length in km Return preferred wavelengths to default values Menu bar Window Area Refer to File menu on page 2 29 through Preferences menu on page 2 32 Measurement review tabs on page 2 25 Preferences menu on page 2 32 Print command on page 2 29 The curve fit selection on page 2 28 ...

Страница 43: ...the measurement results in tabular form If a multi wavelength meter was used in the measurement setup the actual measured wavelengths is displayed Length normalization can be selected at any time by clicking km The Dispersion meas column of data is the directly calculated dispersion obtained by calculating the slope of the group delay with respect to wave length as follows Dispersion meas τ λ Wher...

Страница 44: ...rsion from adjacent group delays because the denominator in the above equation is zero In such cases the dispersion is calculated by using the last data point of the group of data with the same wavelength However when the group delay data is automatically stored in the database all points are saved The Gain Graphs and List tabs These tabs show the measured gain and for reference the measured relat...

Страница 45: ...sted values The Sample cell indi cates the number of tests which exhibited a value of λ0 equal to or near the displayed value If the mea surements produced multiple values of λ0 that differ substantially these values and the corresponding dis persion slopes can be viewed by adjusting the scroll bar below the display The lower table shows the dispersion statistics at a series of user selectable wav...

Страница 46: ... the curve fit selection will automat ically be set to none The quadratic curve fit is commonly used for dispersion shifted fiber in which waveguide dispersion is dominant The 3 term Sellmeier curve fit is commonly used for dispersion unshifted fiber in which material dispersion plays the major role The 5 term Sellmeier curve fit although more affected by noise and instabili ties in the measuremen...

Страница 47: ...r analysis When you save export the file you select the data included in the file along with the delim iter character used between data entries Refer to the documentation that came with your spreadsheet application to determine the preferred delimiter Most spreadsheet applications use either a comma or tab character Table 2 4 on page 2 30 describes each data field that can be exported to a spreads...

Страница 48: ...calculated dispersion values with no curve fitting Dispersion fitted List of dispersion values with the appropriate curve fit selected in the Data Review view Dispersion at 5 preferred wavelengths List of selected wavelengths chosen in the Data Review view Test information and conditions List of the data found on the right hand side of the Data Review view dealing with test conditions Quadratic fi...

Страница 49: ...ime date supervisor and user information Column Headings Includes label for each column of data Statistics for Groups All information shown in the CD Stats tab of the Data Review view Table 2 4 Data Included in Spreadsheet File Continued Data Type Description ...

Страница 50: ...sor at the appropriate point in the text editor and press Ctrl V Preferences menu Data Presentation command Using the Data Presentations command you can specify the eight preferred wavelengths that are displayed in the table on the Data Review Window These wave lengths do not need to be at a directly calculated data point The displayed value is calculated using the selected curve fit However if a ...

Страница 51: ...ous data base directory The information in the database including measurement results can be read and modified using a database tool such as Microsoft Access For information on remote programming of the system through the database refer to Chapter 4 Remote Control Repair Database command If an error occurs while you are trying to open a database the database file is damaged and must be repaired be...

Страница 52: ...your database files by moving test data from the currently opened database file to another database file For example you can create a database file on a floppy disk and then move some tests from the system to the floppy disk for storage or transport to another system You will be asked if you wish to delete the tests after they have been moved A database file must be open before it can be archived ...

Страница 53: ...pened database file can be compacted to reduce the amount of disk space it occupies A database file must be open before it can be com pacted The function returns an error if the database file is read only Com pacting is automatically performed when a database file is repaired ...

Страница 54: ...of the HP 8168 tunable laser source press the LOCAL key When you complete this procedure and return to using the mouse or key board control of the instruments return to the HP 86037B The network ana lyzer and tunable laser source are automatically initialized for all of the system measurements 5 Verify the laser output power is set to at least 4 dBm at a wavelength in the passband of the fiber opt...

Страница 55: ...the length of the cable If you set the Scale Div to 0 36 degrees each vertical division corresponds to 1 ps of drift in the group delay 14 You can save this setup so it is available when making length stability measurements in the future a Press SAVE and then SAVE REG b Press SAVE and then TITLE REGISTER c Enter a title and then press DONE and then RETURN d Press SAVE your title 15 To recall a pre...

Страница 56: ...n set the scale div to 0 36 degrees so each vertical division corresponds to 1 ps of drift in the group delay If you prefer to analyze the stability of the test fiber in terms of length use the following equation Using this equation an observed phase change of 1 45 degrees at a modulation frequency of 1 GHz is evidence of a 1 mm change in the length of the test fiber assuming a refrac tive index n...

Страница 57: ...izing the Test Setup 3 4 Verifying a Test Setup Normalization 3 6 Adjusting the Modulator Bias 3 7 Normalizing the Laser 3 8 Adjusting the Power Monitor 3 10 Setting Normalization Preferences 3 13 Normalization ...

Страница 58: ...d off since the last test setup nor malization The modulator bias adjust can be automatically configured to run each time a test setup normalization is performed Table 3 1 Recommended Interval between Normalizations and Adjustments Procedure Recommended Interval Test setup normalization Once a day or before any critical measurement Refer to Normalizing the Test Setup on page 3 4 Modulator bias adj...

Страница 59: ...nserted A pair of fiber jumpers connected by a through adapter connected be tween the test ports of the CD system Following the normalization the through adapter is removed and the test device inserted Modulator bias adjustment Perform the modulator bias adjustment at the beginning of a measurement session The modulator is automatically biased to the optimum quadrature performance condition This p...

Страница 60: ...velength values and then click Add Normalization Device the wavelength values reset to the default values and must be reentered 3 Enter the start and stop wavelengths in the appropriate fields 4 Enter the number of steps or step wavelength 5 To adjust the modulator bias before performing a normalization click Adjust modulator bias before starting normalization Enabling this selection is recommende...

Страница 61: ...r of steps selected During normalization the status message Normalizing Please stand by is shown at the bottom of the display The data monitor graph is visi ble during actual collection of the normalization data When the normalization is completed message Ready is displayed 8 If no other normalization are required close the normalization window and continue with your measurement ...

Страница 62: ... wear 2 Select the desired normalization file in the normalization menu Enter its number in the Norm File box or select it from the drop down list Figure 3 1 Normalization File Section of the Main Window 3 Click Verify Normalization The system performs a modulator bias adjustment Then it measure ten group delay points in the measurement span and checks the maximum group delay against the limit set...

Страница 63: ...On the System menu confirm that the Wavelength Meter command is checked The checkmark can be toggled on and off by clicking the command 2 Connect a short through fiber optic cable between the front panel SOURCE OUTPUT to RECEIVER INPUT connectors 3 Click the Modulator Bias button ...

Страница 64: ...e SOURCE OUTPUT to the RECEIVER INPUT connectors 3 On the Service menu click Select TLS 4 In the displayed dialog box click the appropriate button to enable the tunable laser source For safety reasons the default value is OFF 5 On the SetParametersFor menu click CD Gain Meas In the dialog box click Set HP Defaults and then click OK 6 Click New Normalization ...

Страница 65: ...rting the normalization click Modulator Bias before starting a normalization 10 Click Start Normalization to start the normalization A normalization can takes approximately 10 minutes to complete During nor malization the message area at the bottom of display shows Normalization Please stand by 11 When the graph display closes and the message area indicates Ready close the New Normalization window...

Страница 66: ...front panel SOURCE OUTPUT to RECEIVER INPUT connectors 3 Click the Modulator Bias button The modulator is automatically biased to the optimum quadrature perfor mance condition Bias adjustment is performed at the beginning of a measure ment session It does not need to be performed before each individual measurement Bias adjustment can be set to occur automatically when a nor malization is performed...

Страница 67: ...n the HP 83427A test set 11 Click the Power Monitor button on the main window and record the power reading P2 P2 ____________ dBm 12 Calculate the difference using the following equation P P1 P2 P ____________ dBm For example P 12 dBm 8 dBm P 4 dBm 13 Close the Power Monitor window 14 Choose Power Monitor Settings from the Service menu 15 In the Power Monitor Setup dialog box enter the following v...

Страница 68: ...0 Repeat the adjustment for the low band Set the optical power meter to 1308 nm when reading low band power Enter the following values into the Power Monitor Setup under the 1300 nm column 21 Enter the following values Power constant P as calculated above Under range limit 43 dBm Insertion loss reference 15 dBm TLS power 4 dBm TLS wavelength 1308 nm ...

Страница 69: ...e settings used for normalizing measurements These are the parameters the system uses when a length normalization is performed during a normalization It measures the length of the through cable and stores it for later use Figure 3 3 Normalization Settings Window Set HP Defaults Selects the system s default values ...

Страница 70: ...e a measurement The higher the sensitivity the longer the measurement time Noise is reduced at higher sensitivity Verify cal limit The group delay limit for the normalization verification This is the limit against which the system compares the data obtained when a normalization verification is performed TLS Target Power The level requested of the tunable laser source If it cannot supply the full a...

Страница 71: ...ization Setting Normalization Preferences imum thru length you expect to use For example if the maximum thru length in your factory is 120 meters enter 0 5 km to avoid potential problems with length normalization ...

Страница 72: ...3 16 Normalization Setting Normalization Preferences ...

Страница 73: ...4 Setting up a Measurement 4 4 Performing a Measurement 4 13 Reading the Measurement Results 4 16 TES Parameters 4 21 TES Min Max Parameters 4 38 Output Parameters 4 41 Remote Control ...

Страница 74: ...e following tools Windows NT 4 0 which is included on the system hard drive and the accompa nying CD ROM Microsoft Service Pack 5 TESServer dll file and associated files Remote shell software from Denicomp Systems provided with the system This software is required for executing a test Visual Basic example source code located in C HPCD REMOTE SAMPLE Visual Basic Professional Version 5 0 development...

Страница 75: ...f remote interaction Measurement execution on the HP 86037B is controlled via a test executive shell TES that is contained in the file TESServer dll Your remote application uses the TES to edit test parameters and start tests Measurement results are retrieved independently of the test executive The test parameter variables that the TES uses to perform a measurement are grouped according to the int...

Страница 76: ...dll on your computer and the databases on the system is via a direct network connection to the system s hard drive You ll need to supply this network connection Setting up a measurement requires the following three steps 1 From testparm mdb extract the parameter collection that will be passed to the test 2 Edit the test parameter values in the collection 3 Save the collection to testparm mdb after...

Страница 77: ... C HPCD directory of the remote machine while the location of the test parame ter and results databases are set to the location of the HP 86037B system that is to be controlled Example tes ini file Notice that testparm mdb and results mbd are located on the drive F redirected via the LAN Reporting NonDefault False TestLog LogToFileEnabled False LogToScreenEnabled True MsgLines 100 OperatorPrompt A...

Страница 78: ...ction of variables one collection for each level in the test executive The following Example for obtaining collections for a given test group on page 4 7 has the main statement m_oController LoadParms In order for this statement to succeed the following lines first build a collec tion of the particular tests of interest in the test group of interest Set m_colTestsToRun Nothing Set m_colTestsToRun ...

Страница 79: ...ts to be run Example for obtaining collections for a given test group This line returns the active system i e HP 86037B m_sActiveSystem m_oController ActiveSystem This line sets the active test plan always Standard_Test_Plan m_sActiveTestPlan Standard_Test_Plan These 2 lines clear the collection Set m_colTestsToRun Nothing Set m_colTestsToRun New Collection These 2 lines add the TES Tests to be ed...

Страница 80: ...tEnabled True oTest bReportEnabled bReport oTest sDescription rsTestTable sDescription m_colTestsToRun Add Item oTest Key oTest sTestName Set oTest Nothing End If If m_colTestsToRun count 0 Then GetTestSeqOptions m_sActiveTestPlan m_sActiveTestGroup _ m_colTestsToRun End If End With End Sub The setup_testplan subroutine Private Sub setup_testplan Purpose Tells the test executive TES the active tes...

Страница 81: ...cted to be TEScollections and the result of the LoadTestParms is a Visual Basic collec tion The example file illustrates the procedure for obtaining the collections individually but once obtained any changes are saved as a single group The above code requires knowledge of the test parameter names in the testparm mdb database These test parameters are the same as the information displayed and enter...

Страница 82: ...onnect Test_Length Test_Gain_Phase Test_CD Add_Run_Number Modulator_Bias Mod_Bias_Connect Mod_Bias_Adjust_LB Mod_Bias_Adjust_HB New_Calibration Cal_Connect Mod_Bias_Adjust_LB Mod_Bias_Adjust_HB Cal_Length Cal_Gain_Phase Cal_Processing Add_Run_Number Verify_Calibration Verify_Connect Mod_Bias_Adjust_LB Mod_Bias_Adjust_HB Cal_Gain_Phase Verify_CD Verify_Processing Power_Monitor PM_Connect Power_Moni...

Страница 83: ...contents of one of the fields in the Test Parameter database for one of the parameters Scalar items are accessed by using an expression of the form colParms item Start_Wavelength vValue where the crucial part is a string whose value is the name of the parameter The above expression can be used on the right hand side of an assignment expression to obtain the current value of the parameter attribute...

Страница 84: ... method TESMngr ParmMngr LoadTestParms as done in the example file in order to extract the underlying collection from within the TEScollection Table 4 1 Integer Parameter Definitions for StoreLevelParms Test Plan Hierarchy Level Integer System level 3 Test Plan 2 Test Group 1 Test level 0 Example code for writing database parameters Public Sub save_parm_values Purpose Returns parameters to the dat...

Страница 85: ...s the following steps 1 Setup and initiation of the remote shell services software on the remote computer This can be done using user supplied remote shell software or if it the remote computer is a Windows NT 4 0 system using the software located in the C HPCD RELATED INSTALLATIONS RSH directory 2 Setup and initiation of the remote shell services software on the HP 86037B To install this software...

Страница 86: ... control program is called a server in TCP IP terms because the socket is started in Listen Mode awaiting a message from a Client in our case the user software running on the remote machine Since the development of the remote test control pro gram is the responsibility of the user HP provides only a simple example con trol program that demonstrates the use of the communication function to connect ...

Страница 87: ... is taken In response to a STOP message the logout function in the test executive is called and the Message Server is shut down Similarly when a CANCEL or ABORT message arrives the appropriate test parameter variables are set within the test executive When messages for running a test are received built in functions for creating the list of tests to be performed are called followed by the creation ...

Страница 88: ...ofessional or any other database tool such as MS Access 97 The database consists of three tables The rela tionship between the tables is shown in Figure 4 2 The leftmost table DUTInfo contains one row for each test run For each row in DUTInfo there is a set of rows in the TestInfo each of which contains information about the tests which were executed during the run A record set of rows from the Te...

Страница 89: ...s database Set m_dbResults OpenDatabase dbPath False True Open database as shared read only The results database has three linked tables DUTInfo TestInfo and Parameter The simplest way to handle the linkage is to create a sequence of recordsets The first might be accessed with something like sql_command SELECT FROM DUTInfo WHERE sTestGroupName New_Calibration _ AND sResult PASSED ORDER BY lReportI...

Страница 90: ... Not rsTestID_gain_phase EOF sql_command SELECT FROM Parameter WHERE lReportID _ lReportID AND lTestID rsTestID_gain_phase lTestID_cal_gain_phase Set rsParam_cal_gain_phase dbResults OpenRecordset sql_command dbOpenDynaset This code results in a recordset containing all the rows of the table containing data related to the Cal_Gain_Phase test in a run of the New_Calibration test group which passed ...

Страница 91: ... ant array The GetParm subroutine The routine GetParm is given by the following Public Function GetParm rsData As Recordset sParmName As String As Variant Caution All non array values are returned as strings Thus if you are getting a number it may be necessary for you to use Val GetParm so that the parameter is converted to a number Dim btByteArray As Byte With rsData If Not BOF Then FindFirst sPa...

Страница 92: ...e raw data uncor rected for calibration this is found in the Test_Gain_Phase section that has the TestID number 42 In addition to the final results of a measurement all of the pertinent parameters used to generate that result are also stored in the results mdb database The ByteArrayToVariant subroutine Private Function ByteArrayToVariant ByRef btByteArray As Byte As Variant Purpose The data has to...

Страница 93: ...ers one with the _LB extension and one with the _HB exten sion The Delta field in the Wavelength Selection area of the Main GUI is not used by any test and therefore is not located in the database The Step Wavelength field in the Calibration GUI is not used by any test and therefore is not located in the database Table 4 4 System Preferences Dialog Box on page 4 27 Table 4 5 CD and Gain Measuremen...

Страница 94: ...4 22 Remote Control TES Parameters Main chromatic dispersion screen ...

Страница 95: ...tem selected by operator from Operator_List 8 Temperature System Single 9 Remarks System String 10 Cal_File System Integer 11 Length_State Group Start_Test Test Test_Length Integer Radio buttons selected by operator in the Length Determines whether to do length test 0 Measure 1 Set length to 2 Length not required Set to 0 at software startup 12 Refractive_Index System Double 13 Set_Length Group St...

Страница 96: ...his parameter is modified in the Repeat Measurement Selector GUI by the minutes entry in the What is the delay between groups D field Pressing the Single Test button sets this parameter to 0 18 Test_Delay_Hrs Group Start_Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Integer Hours number that appears next to Delay between tests in the Repeat Cycles This parameter is modified in the Repeat Measurement Selector GUI by t...

Страница 97: ...hanced TLS mode not selected 25 Use_Ref_Wavelength Group Start Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Boolean True Ref wavelength used False Ref wavelength not used 26 Ref_Wavelength_HB Group Start Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Single 27 Number_Steps_HB Group Start Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Integer 28 Stop_Wavelength_HB Group Start_Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Single 29 Start_Wavelength_HB Group Start_Test Test Test_...

Страница 98: ...meter is checked or unchecked True item checked measure wavelength with wavelength meter False item unchecked 2 Pause_Measurement Dual band system only Group Start_test Test Test_Gain_Phase Boolean The item Pause between wavelength ranges is checked or unchecked True item checked Pause between ranges False item unchecked 3 Range Dual band system only System String 1300 LOW 1500 HIGH Both DUAL ...

Страница 99: ...log Box Item TES Name Parameter Location in Database Data Type Comments 1 Title_1 System String Fiber 2 Title_2 System String Cable 3 Title_3 System String Segment 4 Title_4 System String Test Manager 5 Title_5 System String Operator 6 Title_6 System String Temperature 7 Title_7 System String Remarks ...

Страница 100: ...4 28 Remote Control TES Parameters CD and Gain Measurement Settings Dialog Box ...

Страница 101: ... 4 Do_Gain Group Start_Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Boolean True CD and Gain measurement selected False CD measurement only selected 5 Copy_Cal_WL System Boolean True Copy Cal wavelengths False Do not copy Cal wavelengths 6 VNA_AverageFactor_HB Group Start_Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Integer 7 VNA_IFBandwidth_HB Group Start_Test Test Test_Gain_Phase Integer This parameter is Sensitivity on the GUI but ...

Страница 102: ...4 30 Remote Control TES Parameters Length Measurement Settings Dialog Box ...

Страница 103: ...werLevel Group Start_Test Test Test_Length Single 3 VNA_AverageFactor Group Start_Test Test Test_Length Integer 4 VNA_IFBandwidth Group Start_Test Test Test_Length Integer This parameter is Sensitivity on the GUI but the tests need an IF bandwidth The IF bandwidth number is stored in the database Normal 300 High 100 Highest 30 5 NumberOfLengthMeasurements Group Start_Test Test Test_Length Integer ...

Страница 104: ...4 32 Remote Control TES Parameters Normalization Settings Dialog Box ...

Страница 105: ...NA_IFBandwidth_HB Group New_ Calibration Test Cal_Gain_Phase Group Verify_Calibration Test Verify_Gain_Phase Integer This parameter is Sensitivity on the GUI but the tests need an IF bandwidth The IF bandwidth number is stored in the database Normal 300 High 100 Highest 30 5 Cal_Verify_Limit Test Plan Standard_Test_Plan Single This number is stored in seconds in the database 6 TLS_Wavelength Group...

Страница 106: ...4 34 Remote Control TES Parameters New Normalization Button Dialog Box ...

Страница 107: ...ator Selected item will be put in Selected_Device TES parameter 2 Selected_Device System String Item selected by operator from Cal_Device list 3 Start_Wavelength_HB Group New_Calibration Test Cal_Gain_Phase Single 4 Stop_Wavelength_HB Group New_Calibration Test Cal_Gain_Phase Single 5 Number_Steps_HB Group New_Calibration Test Cal_Gain_Phase Integer 6 7 Cal_Mod_Bias Group New_ Calibration Boolean ...

Страница 108: ... Comments 1 PowerConstant_HB Group Power Monitor Test Power Monitor Single 2 Under_Range_Limit_HB Group Power Monitor Test Power Monitor Single 3 Insertion_Loss_Ref_HB Group Power Monitor Test Power Monitor SIngle 4 TLS_PowerLevel_HB Group Power Monitor Test Power Monitor Single 5 TLS_Wavelength_HB Group Power Monitor Test Power Monitor Single ...

Страница 109: ...t setup file that was saved or retrieved This name will appear on File pull down list on Main GUI 3 Setup_2 System String Name of next to last setup file that was saved or retrieved This name will appear on File pull down list on Main GUI 4 Setup_3 System String Name of second to last setup file that was saved or retrieved This name will appear on File pull down list on Main GUI 5 Setup_4 System S...

Страница 110: ...eal64 1000000 m Max Cal Length limit for GUI Vfy_MaxCalLim Real64 0 00000000009 s Max Verify Cal Limit for GUI Vfy_MaxLen Real64 1000000 m Max Length limit for GUI Vfy_MaxLenRepeat Int32 32767 Max No of Length meas limit for GUI Vfy_MaxMaxCalLen Real64 1000000 Max Length limit for Cal for GUI Vfy_MaxModFreq Real64 3000000000 Hz Max modulation frequency limit for GUI Vfy_MaxPMIL Real64 100 Max Powe...

Страница 111: ... Min modulation frequency limit for GUI Vfy_MinPMIL Real64 50 Min Power Monitor insertion loss for GUI Vfy_MinPMPC Real64 50 Min Power Monitor power constant for GUI Vfy_MinPMUR Real64 100 Min Power Monitor under range limit for GUI Vfy_MinPrefWL Real32 500 nm Min value allowed in wavelength preferences Vfy_MinRI Int32 1 Min Refractive Index limit for GUI Vfy_MinSteps Int32 5 Min No of Steps limit...

Страница 112: ...wer Monitor under range limit for GUI Vfy_MinPrefWL Real32 500 nm Min value allowed in wavelength preferences Vfy_MinRI Int32 1 Min Refractive Index limit for GUI Vfy_MinSteps Int32 5 Min No of Steps limit for GUI Vfy_MinStepWave Real32 0 001 Hz Min Wavelength Step size limit for GUI Vfy_MinTemp Real32 273 16 Degrees C Min Temperature limit for GUI Vfy_MinTLSPwr_HB Real32 20 dBm Min TLS Power Leve...

Страница 113: ...e length measured average for multiples CableLengthMeasurements 50 Real64 km Array of length measurements for multiples Test_Gain_Phase AbsGDelay_HB 1 1 Real64 ps Absolute Group Delay at Stop Wavelength Filter_AbsGDelay 1 1 1 Real64 ps Filter meas abs group delay array Filter_Wavelength 1 1 1 Real64 nm Filter meas wavelength array Gain_HB 1 1 1 Real64 dBm Gain meas array MaxModFreq_HB 1 1 Real64 H...

Страница 114: ... 1 1 Real64 dB Gain_FWHM_HB 1 1 Real64 dB Number_Steps_HB Int16 Phase_Coeff3Term_HB 1 1 1 Real64 Phase_Coeff5Term_HB 1 1 1 Real64 Phase_CoeffQuad_HB 1 1 1 Real64 Phase_StdDev3Term_HB 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDev5Term_HB 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDevQuad_HB 1 1 Real64 ps TauPhase_Corrected_HB 1 1 1 Real64 ps Test_Groups Int16 Tests_Per_Group Int16 Wavelength_Corrected_HB 1 1 1 Real64 nm WL_GainPeak_HB 1...

Страница 115: ...eroWL_Quad_HB 1 1 1 Real64 nm ZWLSlope_3Term_HB 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_5Term_HB 1 1 3 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_Quad_HB 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm Table 4 12 Output Parameters Customer_High_Band 3 of 3 Standard_Test_Plan Data Type Unit Description ...

Страница 116: ...eal64 dBm Gain meas array Gain_LB 1 1 1 Real64 dBm Gain meas array MaxModFreq_HB 1 1 Real64 Hz Max mod frequency used for each test MaxModFreq_LB 1 1 Real64 Hz Max mod frequency used for each test MinModFreq_HB 1 1 Real64 Hz Min mod frequency used for each test MinModFreq_LB 1 1 Real64 Hz Min mod frequency used for each test NumGroups Int32 Number of groups completed NumTests Int32 Number of tests...

Страница 117: ...64 Dispersion_Measured_DUAL 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm Dispersion_Measured_HB 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm Dispersion_Measured_LB 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm Dispersion_Wavelength_DUAL 1 1 1 Real64 nm Dispersion_Wavelength_HB 1 1 1 Real64 nm Dispersion_Wavelength_LB 1 1 1 Real64 nm Gain_Corrected_DUAL 1 1 1 Real64 dB Gain_Corrected_HB 1 1 1 Real64 dB Gain_Corrected_LB 1 1 1 Real64 dB Gain_FWHM_DUAL 1 1 Real64 dB Gain_FWHM_H...

Страница 118: ...StdDev3Term_DUAL 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDev3Term_HB 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDev3Term_LB 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDev5Term_DUAL 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDev5Term_HB 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDev5Term_LB 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDevQuad_DUAL 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDevQuad_HB 1 1 Real64 ps Phase_StdDevQuad_LB 1 1 Real64 ps TauPhase_Corrected_DUAL 1 1 1 Real64 ps TauPhase_Corrected_HB 1 1 1 Real64 ps TauPhase_C...

Страница 119: ..._5Term_HB 1 1 3 Real64 nm ZeroWL_5Term_LB 1 1 3 Real64 nm ZeroWL_Quad_DUAL 1 1 1 Real64 nm ZeroWL_Quad_HB 1 1 1 Real64 nm ZeroWL_Quad_LB 1 1 1 Real64 nm ZWLSlope_3Term_DUAL 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_3Term_HB 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_3Term_LB 1 1 1 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_5Term_DUAL 1 1 3 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_5Term_HB 1 1 3 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_5Term_LB 1 1 3 Real64 ps nm ZWLSlope_Quad_DUAL 1 ...

Страница 120: ...4 48 Remote Control Output Parameters ...

Страница 121: ...Reinstalling the System Software 5 16 HP Support and Maintenance 5 18 Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 5 20 Electrostatic Discharge Information 5 31 Returning the Instrument for Service 5 33 Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices 5 36 Maintenance ...

Страница 122: ...ening of the system or removal of parts is likely to expose dangerous voltages Disconnect the product from all voltage sources while it is being opened C AUT IO N The warranty and calibration will be voided on systems where the individual instruments including fiberoptic cables RF cables or GPIB cables are removed by the customer The system should only be disassembled by a Hewlett Packard Customer...

Страница 123: ...ble laser source requires several seconds to settle at a selected wavelength an erroneous wavelength meter reading may result If laser protection error occurs on TLS Send the TLS back to HP for repair to ensure good long term performance of the system The TLS has degraded To continue making measurements until repairs can be made try lowering the target power by 2 dBm and see if the problem goes aw...

Страница 124: ...ual disper sion curve of the tested fiber As a result a variation on the order of a few hun dredths to a few tenths of a nanometer can be observed in the value of lambda zero The three term Sellmeier curve fit tends to yield a lower lambda zero value than the other two fits Although the five term Sellmeier curve fit has greater ability to fit the mea sured data it is also more easily affected by n...

Страница 125: ...f fitted curve does not follow the actual data on page 5 4 Depending upon the device under test and the setup conditions the fitted curve may closely follow the data in one of the wavelength ranges and diverge from the data in the other wavelength range This is more likely to happen when the 3 term Sellmeier or Quadratic curve fit is applied to data collected in the combined wavelength ranges To p...

Страница 126: ...Check for a 50Ω load at the back of each TLS To check the TLS WA R N IN G Prevent any accidental exposure to the laser beam Prior to disconnecting any optical fibers on the TLS ensure that the TLS is turned off 1 Turn off the power on the TLS Failure to comply can cause personal injury 2 Remove the cable connecting the TLS to the test set 3 Connect a short fiber optic cable between the optical pow...

Страница 127: ...er self test on page 5 10 If the self test passes troubleshoot the test set If the test fails the network analyzer needs repair To check the computer For problems with the personal computer that are unrelated to the rest of the HP 86037B refer to the computer manual that was shipped with this system or call your local IT department Troubleshoot the computer s connection to the HP 86037B a Make sur...

Страница 128: ...tworking problems Refer to your local IT department or call the HP Test and Measurement Cus tomer Support line at 800 452 4844 Correct GPIB and I O addresses for the computer and system are located in Ta ble 5 3 on page 5 8 and Table 5 2 on page 5 8 There are many types of inter office LANs Because of this this manual can only give very basic troubleshooting information Table 5 2 Computer I O Addr...

Страница 129: ...hich tests various assemblies in the instrument If the self test fails three short beeps sounds with the message Self test failed The instrument will continue to operate to the extent of its capabilities Figure 5 1 The HP 8168E F Tunable Laser Source Table 5 4 Self Tests Test Name Test Description µP1 Board Tests the first microprocessor board µP2 Board Tests the second microprocessor board ...

Страница 130: ... instrument HW Interface Tests the hardware interface ADC Tests the analog to digital converter Laser Board Tests the laser driver board Motor 1 Tests the first of two motors used to control the tuning of the laser Motor 2 Tests the second of two motors used to control the tuning of the laser Motor 3 Tests the motor used to control the attenuation Table 5 4 Self Tests Continued Test Name Test Desc...

Страница 131: ... Network Analyzer 1 Disconnect all devices peripherals and accessories including adapters and limiters from the HP 8753 network analyzer 2 Switch on the network analyzer 3 Press the Preset button on the network analyzer 4 Press the System button on the network analyzer 5 On the network analyzer a Press the softkey corresponding to the Service menu b Press the softkey corresponding to the Tests men...

Страница 132: ...t softkey Move the RF cable from input A to B Press the Continue softkey as prompted until the analyzer displays PASS or FAIL 9 If the operator s check fails Recheck the equipment configuration and connections Confirm the attenuator splitter and cables meet their published specifica tions Visually inspect the connectors Refer to the HP 8753E network analyzer service manual for instructions on test...

Страница 133: ... 1 Connect the peripheral to the network analyzer using a good GPIB cable 2 Press the Local button then the System Controller softkey to enable the analyzer to control the peripheral 3 Press the Set Addresses softkey and the appropriate softkeys to verify that the device addresses will be recognized by the analyzer The factory default addresses are listed in Table 5 6 HEWLETT PACKARD SYSTEMS 20 dB...

Страница 134: ... the network analyzer display the printing plotting features are functional in the analyzer If the printer or plotter does not print correctly suspect the GPIB function of the analyzer Refer to the troubleshooting sec tion of the HP 8753E service manual 5 Select the external disk drive Press the Save Recall button then the Select Disk and External Disk softkeys 6 Verify that the address is set cor...

Страница 135: ...number pad M µ button the Save Recall button then the Save State softkey Then press the Preset button Save Recall button then the Recall State softkey a If the resultant trace starts at 1 MHz GPIB is functional in the analyzer b If the resultant trace does not start at 1 MHz suspect the GPIB function of the analyzer Refer to the troubleshooting section of the HP 8753E service manual ...

Страница 136: ...nstructions located under the main install directory The file and direc tory structure is listed below DAC02 Port95NT exe NI 488 version txt disk1 setup exe disk2 RSH rsh_start bat rshsetup exe rshsvc dll rshsvc exe rshsvc txt Instructions for installation To install the NI 488 code 1 Run the file setup exe from the disk1 directory 2 Click custom installation from the setup program 3 Click only th...

Страница 137: ...e process is complete reboot the computer To install the chromatic dispersion test system software For a single band 1300 nm HP 86037B run the file CD_Low_Band exe from the CD ROM disk For a high band 1550 nm HP 86037B run the file CD_High_Band exe from the CD ROM disk For a dual band HP 86037B run the file CD_Dual_Band exe from the CD ROM disk ...

Страница 138: ...or managing your system s maintenance program Your CE will also perform pre ventive maintenance on a regular basis HP offers four distinct levels of support for system repair Priority Plus Repair service 24 hours a day seven days a week Customers within 100 miles of an HP support facility receive an on site visit within four hours Priority On site coverage from 8 00 a m to 9 00 p m Monday through ...

Страница 139: ...n measurements traceable to national and international standards U S measurements traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Tech nology NIST Product performance compared to standards of known accuracy to ensure con formance with published specifications Calibration at HP recommended intervals Complete data reports for all measured product performance Calibration certificate and sticker ...

Страница 140: ...the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in position against another identical ferrule Connectors also vary in the the pol ish curve and concentricity of the core within the cladding Mating one style of cable to another requires an adapter Hewlett Packard offers adapters for most instruments to allow testing with many different cables The Figure 5 6 on page 5 21 shows the basic components of...

Страница 141: ...or it represents a good compromise between performance reli ability and cost If properly maintained and cleaned this connector can withstand many repeated connections However many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most connectors including the FC PC style can deliver These instruments cannot tolerate connectors with the large non concentricities of the fiber common with cer...

Страница 142: ...oss section of the Diamond HMS 10 connector The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber to be moved to the desired position This process first stakes the soft nickel silver to fix the fiber in a near center location then uses a post active staking to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0 2 µm This process plus the keyed axis allows very precise co...

Страница 143: ...aces it is clear that any degra dation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber any stray particles or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance Figure 5 9 shows the end of a clean fiber optic cable The dark circle in the center of the micrograph is the fiber s 125 µm core and cladding which carries the light The surrounding area is the soft nickel silver ferrule Figure 5 10 sh...

Страница 144: ...5 10 Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning Figure 5 11 Damage from improper cleaning While these often work well on first insertion they are great dirt magnets The oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the end of the fiber Also some early gels were designed for use with the FC non contacting con ...

Страница 145: ...ors that have a convex fiber end the end can be pushed off axis resulting in misalignment and excessive return loss Many measurements are actually improved by backing off the connector pressure Also if a piece of grit does happen to get by the cleaning procedure the tighter connection is more likely to damage the glass Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch Keep connectors covered ...

Страница 146: ... the better the larger the return loss the smaller the reflection The best physically contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB although 30 to 40 dB is more common To Test Insertion Loss Use an appropriate lightwave source and a compatible lightwave receiver to test insertion loss Examples of test equipment configurations include the fol lowing equipment HP 71450A or HP 71451A Opt...

Страница 147: ... initial cleaning using the alcohol as a solvent gently removes any grit and oil If a caked on layer of material is still present this can happen if the beryllium copper sides of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during insertion of the cable a second cleaning should be performed It is not uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning C AU...

Страница 148: ...lean lint free cotton swab or lens paper 4 Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper Do not scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the swab and become a gouging element 5 Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean dry lint free cotton swab or lens paper 6 Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using filtered dry compressed air Aim the co...

Страница 149: ...ow you to connect the instrument to different types of fiber optic cables Figure 5 12 Universal adapters 1 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a clean foam swab Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain after cleaning The foam swabs listed in this section s introduction are small enough to fit into adapters Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits these deposits are very thin and the ...

Страница 150: ...mating plane surfaces Do not set connectors contact end down Visual Inspection Inspect all connectors carefully before every connection Look for metal particles scratches and dents Do not use damaged connectors Cleaning Try cleaning with compressed air first Clean the connector threads Do not use abrasives Do not get liquid onto the plastic support beads Making Connections Align connectors careful...

Страница 151: ...ed at a static safe work station The following figure shows an example of a static safe work station using two types of ESD protection Conductive table mat and wrist strap combination Conductive floor mat and heel strap combination Both types when used together provide a significant level of ESD protection Of the two only the table mat and wrist strap combination provides adequate ESD protection w...

Страница 152: ...g testing and servicing operations Personnel should be grounded with a resistor isolated wrist strap before re moving any assembly from the unit Be sure all instruments are properly earth grounded to prevent a buildup of static charge Table 13 Static Safe Accessories HP Part Number Description 9300 0797 Set includes 3M static control mat 0 6 m 1 2 m 2 ft 4 ft and 4 6 cm 15 ft ground wire The wrist...

Страница 153: ...r 800 403 0801 If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an HP maintenance contract it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract the warranty is at the front of this manual If the instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an HP maintenance plan Hewlett Packard will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit When an instrument...

Страница 154: ...en you first received the instrument C AUT IO N Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic damage Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical contact or dust C AUT IO N Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the original materials Never use styrene pellets as packaging material They do not adequately cushi...

Страница 155: ...he best alternative is S D 240 Air Cap from Sealed Air Corporation Commerce California 90001 Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles Use the pink antistatic Air Cap to reduce static electricity Wrapping the instrument several times in this ma terial will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton 4 Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape 5 Mark the c...

Страница 156: ...ewood CO 80112 303 649 5000 Georgia Hewlett Packard Company 2000 South Park Place Atlanta GA 30339 404 955 1500 Illinois Hewlett Packard Company 5201 Tollview Drive Rolling Meadows IL 60008 708 342 2000 New Jersey Hewlett Packard Company 150 Green Pond Road Dock 1 Rockaway NJ 07866 201 586 5910 Texas Hewlett Packard Company 930 East Campbell Road Richardson TX 75081 214 231 6101 EUROPEAN FIELD OPE...

Страница 157: ...Road Trans Canada Highway Kirkland Quebec H9J 2X8 Canada 514 697 4232 China China Hewlett Packard Company 38 Bei San Huan X1 Road Shuang Yu Shu Hai Dian District Beijing China 86 1 256 6888 Japan Hewlett Packard Japan Ltd 9 1 Takakura Cho Hachioji Shi Tokyo 192 Japan 81 427 59 1311 Singapore Hewlett Packard Singapore Ltd Pte Ltd Alexandra P O Box 87 Singapore 9115 65 271 9444 Taiwan Hewlett Packar...

Страница 158: ...5 38 Maintenance Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices ...

Страница 159: ...p 1 Prepare the site 6 4 Step 2 Set line voltage selector switch 6 6 Step 3 Confirm the front and rear panel connections 6 8 Step 4 Install the system 6 10 Step 5 Load correction constants 6 11 Installation ...

Страница 160: ...ent electric shock disconnect the CD system from mains before cleaning Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts Do not attempt to clean internally WA R N IN G HP 83427A No operator serviceable parts inside Refer servicing to qualified personnel To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers WA R N IN G HP 83427A For continued protection against fire ha...

Страница 161: ...by 4 C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts then forced convection must be used C AUT IO N The warranty and calibration will be voided on systems where the individual instruments including fiberoptic cables RF cables or HP IB cables are removed by the customer The system should only be disassembled by a Hewlett Packard...

Страница 162: ...oid injuries use proper moving equipment and use extreme care when installing HP86037A System Dimensions 112 cm 94 5 cm 49 cm 88 cm 143 5 cm 6 cm 6 5 cm Work Surface 59 5 cm Fiber Management Tray System Rack Assembled Dimensions Unassembled Dimensions H 112 cm H 112 cm W 59 5 cm W 59 5 cm D 143 5cm D 94 5 cm Power Consumption Figures Net Weight Single Band System Dual Band System 594 watts 726 wat...

Страница 163: ...he operator may be used as a disconnecting device C AUT IO N HP 86037B and HP 83427A Install the system and test set according to the enclosure protection provided This system and test set do not protect against the ingress of water The system and test set protects against finger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure C AUT IO N Before switching on this system make sure that the line volta...

Страница 164: ...election tumbler For 115V operation use type N 1 0A 250V fuse For 230V operation use a 0 75A fuse A special fuse holder is provided for the 0 75A fuse WA R N IN G HP 83427A The power cord is the disconnecting device It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the instrument Alternately an externally installed switch or circuit breaker which is readily identifiable...

Страница 165: ...6 7 Installation Installation 2 3 4 5 1 8 7 Fan Pack 6 6 Power Distribution Assembly 1 7 Power Distribution Assembly 2 ...

Страница 166: ...with Options 113 and 116 For option 114 the wavemeter is removed The four HP 83427A connectors S R A and B should be connected to the iden tically labeled connectors on the HP 8753E RF network analyzer The WAVE LENGTH METER output is connected to the HP 86120 wavelength meter and the TUNABLE LASER SOURCE input is connected to the tunable laser ...

Страница 167: ...6 9 Installation Installation 2 3 4 5 1 6 1 Network Analyzer 2 Chromatic Dispersion Test Set 3 HP 86120B Wavelength meter 4 Tunable Laser Source 1 5 Tunable Laser Source 2 6 HP Personal Computer ...

Страница 168: ...keyboard holder under the work top 5 Install the keyboard in the keyboard tray and run the keyboard cable to the personal computer 6 Connect the mouse to the personal computer 7 Connect the video cable from the display to the personal computer 8 Connect the display s power cord to the personal computer 9 Plug in the Power Distribution Units PDU 10 Turn on the system and allow it to warm up for two...

Страница 169: ...ep 5 Load correction constants 1 Create correction constants for the tunable laser source Refer to Normalizing the Laser on page 3 8 2 Create correction constants for the power monitor Refer to Adjusting the Power Monitor on page 3 10 ...

Страница 170: ...6 12 Installation Installation ...

Страница 171: ...7 Theory of Operation 7 2 Rack Diagram 7 6 Chromatic Dispersion theory and management 7 8 Measurement Repeatability 7 11 Material Lists 7 13 Power Cords 7 18 System Options 7 19 Reference ...

Страница 172: ...as for testbed evalua tion and system manufacturing Figure 7 1 Measurement of chromatic dispersion using the phase shift method Figure 7 2 through Figure 7 4 show three block diagrams of the most common system options There are several other options which are discussed later in this chapter The RF source of an HP 8753 RF network analyzer drives an opti Tunable N arrow band O ptical S ource W avele...

Страница 173: ...he RF signal by comparing it to a reference derived from the signal driving the modulator The measured phase is numerically converted into a value for group delay By tuning the wavelength of the laser we obtain group delay as a function of wavelength and after data processing the dispersion of the device under test Increased wavelength accuracy is made possible by an external wavelength meter whic...

Страница 174: ...7 4 Reference Theory of Operation Figure 7 3 HP 86037B Block Diagram Options 121 and 122 ...

Страница 175: ...7 5 Reference Theory of Operation Figure 7 4 The HP 86037B Option 114 block diagram ...

Страница 176: ...112 A single band system such as the standard system Option 113 Option 114 or Option 116 will not contain item the second tunable laser source Figure 7 5 Rack Diagram Front View HEWLETT PACKARD SYSTEMS Front Back 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 HP 8168A Tunable Laser Source HP 8168A Tunable Laser Source 1 ...

Страница 177: ...mputer Table 7 1 Instrument Power Requirements Component Maximum Volts AC HP 8753x Network Analyzer 280 HP 83427A CD Test Set 110 VA MAX 115v 150 VA MAX 220v HP 86120x Wavelength meter 110 115v 150 220v HP 8168x or 8167x TLS 1 260 HP 8168x or 8167x TLS 1 260 Personal Computer 110 115v 150 220v PDU AW3 110V or PDU AW5 220V 1 110 115v 150 220v PDU AW3 110V or PDU AW5 220V 2 110 115v 150 220v ...

Страница 178: ...gth component of the signal travels at a slightly different speed resulting in the pulse broadening illustrated in Figure 7 6 Figure 7 6 Dispersion Effect on a Transmitted Pulse Chromatic dispersion is the primary dispersive mechanism in singlemode fiber In singlemode fiber chromatic dispersion results from the interplay of the following two underlying effects Material dispersion results from the ...

Страница 179: ...nt at the same wavelength Dispersion can also be compensated with chirped fiber Bragg gratings made by exposing specially doped fiber to an interference pattern of intense ultraviolet light Chirping refers to an increase in the period of the index variation as a function of distance along the fiber Dispersion compensa tion is more complex in dense WDM wavelength division multiplexing sys tems The ...

Страница 180: ... measured in connection with the installation of new systems or the upgrade of existing routes to higher bit rates Some types of measurement systems require local access to both ends of the test fiber making them more appropriate for factory and laboratory testing and special cases in which it is practical to measure installed fiber in a loop back arrange ment ...

Страница 181: ... with the multi wavelength meter take longer and therefore are more susceptible to fiber length drifts The particular HP tunable laser source used in the measurement was so accurate that it did not introduce much wavelength error These results are based on one system therefore we cannot guarantee them as specifications for all systems since the absolute wavelength accuracy of HP s tunable laser so...

Страница 182: ...s nm2 km Mean 1550 8850 0 0733461 Maximum 1550 8906 0 0734181 Minimum 1550 8789 0 0732212 Max min 0 0117 0 0001969 Standard Deviation 0 00354 0 0000553 Table 7 4 Comparison Between the Mean Values Parameter Mean λ λ λ λ0 nm Mean S0 ps nm2 km With wavelength meter 1550 8850 0 0733461 Without wavelength meter 1550 8938 0 0733875 0 0088 0 0000364 ...

Страница 183: ...T SM 1005 0089 1 CBL FBR SPC 1 75M 1005 0172 1 CBL FBR SPC 40 1005 0173 1 CBL FBR SPC SPC 1 25M 1005 0177 1 CA FBROPT FC PC 1005 0384 1 FO VERI SPOOL 1005 0387 1 OPT FIBER 1310NM 1005 0421 1 CONN PWR M 5 15 1251 4218 1 CAP PROT 812ID 1401 0247 13 CAP COND 612ID 1401 0247 13 SM1032 5CWPNTX 2680 0278 31 1U BLANK 40101A 1 RK FLR PNL 5 25 40103A 1 WORK SURFACE AY 46298N 1 HPIB CABLE ADAP 5060 9462 2 K...

Страница 184: ...168E 0 TNBL LSR SRCE OD 8168E OPT 007 1 TNBL LSR SRCE 8168F 1 HPIB INTFC BD 82335B 1 RFCA AY OPSW OUT 83427 60003 0 MOD BIAS CA OUT 83427 60001 0 CHROM DISP TS 83427A 1 BRKT KEYBD HLDR 83467 00005 1 COVER RIGHT 83467 00016 1 SOFTWARE CD 83467 10001 1 FIBER MNGMT TRAY 83467 60001 1 DAC TO BNC ADPTR 83467 60002 1 USER GDE 86037A 86037 90001 1 SERV GDE 86037A 86037 90002 1 OPT MLT WV METER OPT UK6 86...

Страница 185: ...HP ULTRA VGA1024 OPT ABA D2825A 1 CD ROM DRIVE D4383B 1 32MB SDRAM DIMM D5362A 1 VECTRA VL D5721N 1 LAN CARD D6692A 1 1100 MM EIA 19IN AW3 FOR 110 V 1100 MM EIA 19IN AW5 9for 220 V 33660A 1 RAIL E3663 00001 6 Table 7 5 Standard System Material List 3 of 3 Description Part Number Quantity ...

Страница 186: ... 8168D 0 TNBL LSR SRCE 8168E 0 TNBL LSR SRCE OD 8168E OPT 007 1 TNBL LSR SRCE 8168F 1 HPIB INTFC BD 82335B 1 RFCA AY OPSW OUT 83427 60003 0 MOD BIAS CA OUT 83427 60001 0 CHROM DISP TS 83427A 1 BRKT KEYBD HLDR 83467 00005 1 COVER RIGHT 83467 00016 1 SOFTWARE CD 83467 10001 1 FIBER MNGMT TRAY 83467 60001 1 DAC TO BNC ADPTR 83467 60002 1 USER GDE 86037A 86037 90001 1 SERV GDE 86037A 86037 90002 1 OPT...

Страница 187: ...2825A 1 CD ROM DRIVE D4383B 1 32MB SDRAM DIMM D5362A 1 VECTRA VL D5721N 1 LAN CARD D6692A 1 1100 MM EIA 19IN AW3 FOR 110 V 1100 MM EIA 19IN AW5 9for 220 V 33660A 1 RAIL E3663 00001 6 Table 7 6 Option 112 Material List 2 of 2 Description Part Number Quantity ...

Страница 188: ... in many nations 125V 8120 1378 8120 1521 8120 1992 Straight NEMA5 15P 90 Straight Medical UL544 90 228 90 228 96 244 Jade Gray Jade Gray Black United States Canada Mexico Philippines Taiwan 250V 8120 2104 8120 2296 Straight SEV1011 1959 24507 Type 12 90 79 200 79 200 Mint Gray Mint Gray Switzerland 220V 8120 2956 8120 2957 Straight DHCK107 90 79 200 79 200 Mint Gray Mint Gray Denmark 250V 8120 42...

Страница 189: ... meter Add HP 83427A test set Option 113 1300nm Configuration Add HP 8167B 007 021 TLS Add HP 86120C mult wavelength meter Add HP 83427A test set Option 114 Economical 1550nm Configuration Add HP 8168D 007 021 TLS Add HP 83427A test set Option 121 1300 1550nm Dual Band Configuration Add HP 8168F 007 021 TLS Add HP 8167B 007 021 TLS Add HP 86120C mult wavelength meter Add HP 83427A dual band test s...

Страница 190: ...7 20 Reference System Options ...

Страница 191: ...8 Specifications 8 3 Regulatory Information 8 7 Specifications and Regulatory Information ...

Страница 192: ...fter two hours of continuous operation Specifications Specifications described warranted performance Characteristics Characteristics provide useful nonwarranted information about the func tions and performance of the system Characteristics are printed in italics Calibration cycle HP warrants instrument specifications over the recommended calibration interval To maintain specifications periodic rec...

Страница 193: ...n 122 1300 1600 nm 1450 1590 nm 1510 1640 nm 1255 1365 nm 1490 1565 nm 1255 1365 nm and 1450 1590 nm 1255 1365 nm and 1510 1640 nm Maximum optical power from SOURCE OUTPUTa Option 111 standard Option 112 Option 113 Option 114 Option 121 Option 122 1 dBm 1520 1570 nm 2 dBm 1545 1620 nm 5 dBm 1310 1350 nm 12 dBm 1500 1565 nm 5 dBm 1310 1350 nm 1 dBm 1520 1570 nm 5 dBm 1310 1350 nm 2 dBm 1545 1620 nm...

Страница 194: ... range is calculated by subtracting the test set loss and receiver sensitivity from the tunable laser source s output power c Maximum dispersion Dmax in ns nm is given by 25 Dl where Dl is the wavelength step size in nm d Based on noise floor measurements full output power reference wavelength on no averaging and high substitute e One standard deviation for 20 measurements on the same spool of 10 ...

Страница 195: ...cation Range resolutionb b Range resolution is a measure of the ability to pinpoint the peak of a response in the length measurement 0 05 mm or 0 1 of the measured length whichever is greater characteristic Group refractive index 1 0000 2 0000 user adjustable Calculation Methods Method Five term sellmeier fit Quadratic fit Three term sellmeier fit Direct calculation from group delay data Multi Wav...

Страница 196: ...t 4 572 meters Non operating temperature 40 C to 70 C Power Requirements 110 120 220 or 240 VAC 10 47 Hz to 66 Hz Single band system 595 WATTS MAX Dual band system 726 WATTS MAX Weight Single band system 249 kg 548 lbs Dual band system 269 kg 592 lbs Dimensions H x W x D 112 x 59 9 x 143 5 cm without monitor 44 1 x 23 4 x 56 5 in without monitor ...

Страница 197: ...onformance with the German Regula tion on Noise Declaration for Machines Laermangabe nach der Maschinen laermrerordnung 3 GSGV Deutschland Notice for Germany Noise Declaration Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission LpA 70 dB LpA 70 dB Operator position am Arbeitsplatz Normal position normaler Betrieb per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t 19 ...

Страница 198: ...8 8 Specifications and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information Declaration of Conformity ...

Страница 199: ...tic dispersion compensators 7 9 material dispersion 7 8 modulation phase shift 7 2 polarization mode dispersion 7 8 propagation delay 7 8 pulse modulation 7 8 specifications 8 3 waveguide dispersion 7 8 What is 7 8 cleaning adapters 5 29 fiber optic connections 5 20 5 28 non lensed connectors 5 28 clipboard 2 29 2 32 column headings 2 31 Combined command 2 18 Compact Database command 2 35 componen...

Страница 200: ...Test and Measurement book 1 2 fiber optics care of 1 3 cleaning connections 5 20 connectors covering 5 34 Fiber Related Parameters area 2 4 2 12 fiber related parameters area 2 12 File menu 2 15 2 29 filename extension cds 2 15 foam swabs 5 27 frequency modulation 1 8 G gain 2 30 gain graph tab 2 26 gain measurements 2 23 gain peak and FWHM 2 30 GPIB addresses 2 19 5 8 interface 5 8 graph pane 1 7...

Страница 201: ... 16 2 17 3 14 Normal 2 10 normalization copying wavelengths 2 17 Normalization area 2 4 normalization area 2 9 Normalization command 2 18 3 13 Notepad button 2 5 nulti wavelength meter adding 2 20 number of measurements 2 18 Number of Tries 2 14 O Open Database command 2 33 Open Setup command 2 15 Operator 2 8 optical amplifiers measuring keen 2 16 optical to electrical converter 7 3 Option 112 Bl...

Страница 202: ...e fiber 7 8 7 9 software installation 5 16 source output 1 6 2 36 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 10 SOURCE OUTPUT connector 1 3 specifications 8 2 chromatic dispersion measurement 8 3 length measurement 8 5 operating 8 6 spreadsheet file 2 29 standard system block diagram 7 3 Start 2 6 start test 1 6 Start Test button 2 5 statistics for groups 2 31 Stop 2 6 swabs 5 27 system length measurement specifications 8 5 t...

Страница 203: ...a 2 6 division multiplexing 7 9 7 10 meter 2 20 preferred 2 32 range 2 6 reference 2 7 settings 2 6 start 2 6 stop 2 6 Wavelength Meter command 2 20 Wavelength Selection area 2 4 WDM See wavelength division multiplexing Y y axis data 2 23 Z zero dispersion wavelength 1 8 ...

Страница 204: ...Index 6 Index ...

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