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IFS 125M User Manual

Bruker Optik GmbH

Operation 5

5.2

Switching spectrometer on and off

The spectrometer is turned on and off by the main power switch located on mobile elec-
tronics unit.

After powering up the spectrometer, wait at least 30 minutes before running any
measurements. This allows the electronics and the laser to stabilize.

Main power switch

Status

What is to be done?

Turn the main power switch in the ON
position.

Off

Turn the main power switch in the
OFF position.

Table 5.1: Operating status

Содержание IFS 125M

Страница 1: ...IFS 125M User Manual 1015996 ...

Страница 2: ...is manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including printing photocopying microfilm electronic systems etc with out our prior written permission Brand names registered trademarks etc used in this manual even if not explicitly marked as such are not to be considered unprotected by trademarks law They are the property of their respective owner This manual is the original...

Страница 3: ... 3 Installation 17 3 1 Delivery contents 17 3 2 Packaging 18 3 3 Transportation 18 3 4 Site requirements 18 3 5 Connection ports 20 3 6 Connecting procedures 22 3 6 1 Connecting cables to the mobile electronics unit 22 3 6 2 Overview on cables connected 23 3 7 Connecting spectrometer to power supply 24 3 7 1 Connecting spectrometer to a PC 25 3 7 2 Connecting accessories via CAN bus 26 3 7 3 Conne...

Страница 4: ...optics 46 5 5 Inserting accessory into sample compartment 47 5 5 1 Inserting procedure 47 5 6 Checking the signal 48 5 6 1 Procedure 48 5 7 Performing measurement 50 5 7 1 Types of measurement 50 5 7 2 Measurement parameters 50 5 7 3 Measuring procedure 51 5 8 Changing beamsplitter 52 5 8 1 Handling instructions 52 5 8 2 Changing procedure 53 5 9 Cooling detector 55 5 9 1 Safety instructions when ...

Страница 5: ...ctrometer 95 6 7 1 Removing covers 95 6 7 2 Moving and fixing scanner 97 6 7 3 Removing beamsplitter 99 6 7 4 Removing optical fiber cable 100 6 7 5 Demounting complete scanning arm 103 6 7 6 Fastening all transport locking screws 105 6 7 7 Remounting covers 106 6 7 8 Detaching all cables 108 6 8 Re installation after transport of spectrometer 109 6 8 1 Removing covers 109 6 8 2 Remounting complet...

Страница 6: ... Interface 139 8 1 Access rights 139 8 2 User authentication 140 8 2 1 Activating user authentication 140 8 2 2 Deactivating user authentication 142 8 3 Spectrometer diagnostics pages 143 8 3 1 Direct command entry 145 8 3 2 Diagnostics 150 8 3 3 Service 158 8 3 4 Full report 165 8 3 5 Direct control panel 169 9 Data Communication 171 9 1 Configuration types 172 9 1 1 General rules 172 9 1 2 Conne...

Страница 7: ... A Specifications 197 A 1 Additional information to the resolution specifications 200 B Spare Parts 201 C Default Parameter Settings 203 D Dimensional Drawings 205 E Firmware Update 209 E 1 Firmware update on CD 209 E 2 Firmware update via E mail 209 E 3 Performing firmware update 210 E 4 Restoring a previous firmware version 212 E 5 Backing up the current firmware version 213 F Glossary 215 G Add...

Страница 8: ...8 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Table of Contents ...

Страница 9: ...and make the best possible use of the spectrometer DANGER Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or serious possibly irreversible injury WARNING Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or seri ous possibly irreversible injury CAUTION Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or mod erate reversible...

Страница 10: ... if the spectrometer is transported stored installed operated and maintained properly according to the procedures and instructions described in this manual Never remove or deactivate any supporting safety systems during spectrometer opera tion Objects and or material not required for operation must not be kept near the spec trometer operating area The spectrometer has been developed according to t...

Страница 11: ...and surfaces which can become very hot during spectrometer operation Do not touch these components and surfaces Risk of skin burn Be careful when operat ing near hot components and or surfaces Laser Radiation This warning symbol indicates the existence of laser radiation Never look directly into the laser beam or use any kind of optical instruments to look into the beam as this may cause permanent...

Страница 12: ...el Make sure that the spectrometer is only operated and maintained i e only maintenance work that is described in this manual by authorized operating personnel trained in the spectrometer operation and all relevant safety aspects Radioactive Material This warning symbol indicates the possible existence of radioactivity When working with radioactive material always observe the safety reg ulations a...

Страница 13: ...a Bruker engineer In case of accessories or components made by other manufacturers and used in con nection with the spectrometer Bruker Optik GmbH does not assume any liability for safe operation and proper functioning 1 5 Questions and concerns If you have questions or concerns about safety operating the spectrometer or if you need assistance with software problems or replacement parts contact Br...

Страница 14: ...14 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Introduction 1 ...

Страница 15: ... MIR region at 450 up to the ultra violet range of 45000 cm 1 Spectral resolution of 0 008 cm 1 optionally 0 0035 cm 1 in the MIR region Resolving power of 106 Up to 2 internal detectors Permanently aligned 30 cube corner mirror interferometer 2 3 Electronics The spectrometer is equipped with a mobile separate electronics unit which uses Ethernet connectivity and a 24 V DC power supply Any modern ...

Страница 16: ... difference according to James Brault s scheme A digital signal processor does the conversion in real time During natural phenomena such as sunset and sunrise in which the absorbance path is considerably extended the available measurement time is limited Therefore the dual channel data acquisition technique in connection with a dichroic beamsplitter allows par allel data acquisition with two dedic...

Страница 17: ...red the delivery contents may not include all optional components listed below Standard components IFS 125M spectrometer Electronics unit External power supply unit with low volt age cable and power cord including country specific power plug Data cable 100Base T cross over cable PC compatible data system including Windows or Linux operating system OPUS spectroscopy software spectrom eter control d...

Страница 18: ...ing Injury and or property damage Contact shipping company Do not put spectrometer into operation Environment Temperature range 18 35 C Humidity non condensing less than 80 relative humidity Electromagnetic inter ferences The spectrometer is shielded against electromag netic interferences Do not locate the spectrometer near potential induc tive electrical interference high energy pulses and high e...

Страница 19: ...the power supply unit or unplug the power cable from the mains outlet Space Stable and horizontal base which is able to bear the weight of at least 160 kg For exact dimensions refer to appendix A Temperature variations Less than 1 C per hour and not more than 4 C per day Avoid temperature variations as they can impair the results of long term measurements Vibration Do not locate the spectrometer i...

Страница 20: ...located on the mobile electronics unit and electronics boxes Definition A CAN bus connector B Main power switch C Low voltage sockets both ports are con nected via a y cable D Ethernet port Table 3 3 Connection port definition on electronics unit Figure 3 1 Connection ports on electronics unit A B C D C ...

Страница 21: ...witch board port LSB B Solar tracker port not used C CAN bus connector all equivalent D Outer motor port OMOT E Digital detector connection port DDC Table 3 4 Connection port definition of electronics boxes Figure 3 2 Connection ports on left and right electronics box A B C D E ...

Страница 22: ...receptacle at calibration source OMOT OMOT at left electronics box Flange DDC0a DDCa at right electronics box a All DDC receptacles are equivalent no specific order has to be observed DDC1a DDCa at right electronics box LSB122 LSB at the left electronics box CANb b All CAN receptacles are equivalent no specific order has to be observed CAN at left electronics box CANb CAN at right electronics box ...

Страница 23: ...23 Bruker Optik GmbH IFS 125M User Manual Installation 3 3 6 2 Overview on cables connected Figure 3 3 Overview on cables connected ...

Страница 24: ...unlight Avoid temperatures above 50 C Ensure that there is sufficient air circulation 1 Switch off spectrometer The switch must be in the OFF position 2 Use a y cable and connect one end to the 24 V in port and the other to the DC port 3 Connect the power cord to the C5 socket of the external power supply 4 Connect the power plug of the power cord to the mains socket outlet Power plug of the power...

Страница 25: ...nnecting spectrometer to a PC 3 7 1 1 IP address The spectrometer IP address has been set to 10 10 0 1 by Bruker If the delivery content of your spectrometer configuration does not include a Bruker PC you have to assign an appropriate IP address to the type of PC to be used For detailed information on how to assign an IP address refer to chapter 9 3 1 The main power switch must be in the OFF posit...

Страница 26: ... in the delivery content stiff purge hose PVC outer diameter 6 mm 1 Connect the CAN bus cable to the CAN bus connector located at the mobile electronics unit Table 3 7 Connecting accessories via CAN bus 1 Pull off the plug from the purge gas inlet 2 Insert one end of the hose into the purge gas inlet A Connect the other end of the hose to your purge gas supply line The supplied gas must be dry and...

Страница 27: ...r aqueous solutions Always store the beamsplitter in a sealed container and in dry environment e g in the beamsplitter storage box Fix the protective covers onto the beamsplitter figure 3 4b The covers provide mechanical protection but do not protect against humidity Do not try to loosen or fasten the screws B in figure 3 4a as this will impair the optical quality of the beamsplitter Do not try to...

Страница 28: ...oss head screwdriver size PH2 and rotate the 2 screws of the top lid counterclock wise You have to rotate over the snap in resis tance Then the screw is pushed upwards and you can loosen it 2 Carefully lift off the lid Open lid Risk of exposure to laser light which can cause permanent eye damage Do not stare into the laser beam Table 3 9 Inserting beamsplitter CAUTION ...

Страница 29: ...litter completely until you feel resistance 5 Close the beamsplitter locking door by moving the release lever 6 The spectrometer beeps when it detects the new beamsplitter and automati cally starts scanning Put on the lid again Use the cross head screwdriver Push the screws downwards and rotate them clockwise Check the laser signals as described in chapter 6 2 Check whether a signal is detected an...

Страница 30: ...30 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Installation 3 ...

Страница 31: ...The same applies to the indication front and rear side respectively 4 1 Spectrometer front side Definition A Sample compartment lid B Viewing porta a Can be used to observe the image of the external source e g the sun on the aperture C Left electronics box D Beamsplitter lid E Detector hoods F Right electronics box G Scanner compartment Table 4 1 Spectrometer front side Figure 4 1 Spectrometer fro...

Страница 32: ... port for collimated beam C Beamsplitter lid D Viewing porta a Can be used to observe the image of the external source e g the sun on the aperture E Sample compartment lid F Source for calibration purpose G Standard input port for collimated beam Table 4 2 Spectrometer rear side Figure 4 2 Spectrometer rear side A B C D E F G ...

Страница 33: ...d in chapter 5 5 4 4 Beamsplitter lid The spectrometer is equipped with a permanently aligned Michelson interferometer cube corner mirrors and a beamsplitter The interferometer has a 30 angle of incidence This narrow angle of incidence makes more effective use of the beamsplitter and reduces polarization effects How to change the beamsplitter is described in chapter 5 8 Figure 4 3a Sample compartm...

Страница 34: ...ponent with the most narrow range Part number KBr beamsplitter with multilayer coating Hygroscopic Avoid any contact to humidity Do not touch or clean the surface Always store in a dry place 4 800 450 T301 2 CaF2 Harmful Do not inhale or swal low dust or particles Avoid any eye and skin contact Observe the safety data sheet NIR 14 000 1 850 T401 2 Quarz with dielectric coat ings VIS 25 000 9 500 T...

Страница 35: ...available All detectors are mounted on dovetail slides which allow an easy interchange 4 5 1 Detector types The following table contains the most important types of detectors to be used with the spectrometer For further detector options contact Bruker Figure 4 5a Detector hoods mounted Figure 4 5b Detector hoods removed Description Spectral regiona cm 1 Part number DLATGS 12 000 350 D301 3 InGaAs ...

Страница 36: ...tions when cool ing 7 000 420 D315 2 12 h D315 L 2 24 h MCT medium band liq uid nitrogen cooled Harmful Observe the safety instructions when cool ing 6 000 600 D316 2 12 h D316 L 2 24 h Si diode 30 000 9 000 D510 2 a The combination of light source beamsplitter and detector defines the measurement range It is lim ited by the component with the most narrow range Description Spectral regiona cm 1 Pa...

Страница 37: ...nner is to compensate the fluctuations of the outer scanner For low resolution measurement the inner scanner is activated only Based on the laser interference signal the inner scanner compensates the fluctuations To compensate the tilting of the inner scanner this scanner uses a displacement sensor digital encoder The scanner movement is controlled by the HeNe laser signal To avoid any malfunc tio...

Страница 38: ... cm are required Unused ports have always to be covered with metallic blank flanges If the port opening has a clear aperture of more than 4 cm the port will not be shielded any more according to electromagnetic compatibility as soon as the blank flange is removed Figure 4 7 Input ports NOTE Clear port aperture of port opening 4 cm No shield safety according to EMCa requirements Accessory connected...

Страница 39: ...39 Bruker Optik GmbH IFS 125M User Manual Description 4 4 8 Output port The output port is located on the right side of the spectrometer Figure 4 8 Output port ...

Страница 40: ...is connected to the spectrometer via several cables and consists of different panels 4 9 1 Panel types The following table contains the different types of panels A detailed description of the single panels is given in chapter 10 Figure 4 9 Mobile electronics unit Panel type Location on front side of the electronics unit Flange panel Table 4 5 Panel types ...

Страница 41: ...41 Bruker Optik GmbH IFS 125M User Manual Description 4 Electronics panel Power supply panel Laser panel Panel type Location on front side of the electronics unit Table 4 5 Panel types ...

Страница 42: ...he experimental conditions After recombining the beam from the two arms of the interferometer a computer controlled mirror stage selects between two detectors Alternatively using an optional dichroic filter the modulated beam can be split to two detectors thus enabling simultaneous collection from two data channels For calibration purposes a mirror stage allows light from either a globar or tungst...

Страница 43: ...tware related aspects e g parameter setting and data acquisition refer to the OPUS software Reference Manual 5 1 Operating safety During operation the spectrometer generates laser radiation and high voltages in some of the electronics 1 Except for the beamsplitter NOTE Objects placed on spectrometer Objects may fall inside and damage spectrometer components when any of the com partment covers is r...

Страница 44: ... located on mobile elec tronics unit i After powering up the spectrometer wait at least 30 minutes before running any measurements This allows the electronics and the laser to stabilize Main power switch Status What is to be done On Turn the main power switch in the ON position Off Turn the main power switch in the OFF position Table 5 1 Operating status ...

Страница 45: ...perate As soon as the red ERR and SR LED on the front side of the mobile electronics unit have turned off The HeNe reference laser needs about 20 minutes to stabilize The laser is ready when the green LASER LED stops flashing i By default the scanner initializes automatically as soon as the LASER LED lights continuously If the scanner does not initialize automatically see chapter 7 5 Scanner not s...

Страница 46: ...menu select the Optic Setup and Service command 2 Click the Optical Bench tab and select the IFS125 spectrometer type from the Con figuration drop down list 3 Enter correct IP address see chapter 3 7 1 1 4 Click the Save Settings button OPUS status light at the lower right end of the OPUS interface has to change from gray to red yellow or green If the status light remains gray see chapter 7 7 i Th...

Страница 47: ...screws of the top lid coun terclockwise You have to rotate over the snap in resis tance Then the screw is pushed upwards and you can loosen it Carefully lift off the sample compartment cover 2 Insert the accessory into the sample com partment Turn the 2 retaining clips by 90 to fix the cell Put on the sample compartment lid again Use the cross head screwdriver Push the screws downwards and rotate ...

Страница 48: ... nitrogen cooled detector is used the detector must be cooled chapter 5 9 before a signal can be detected 5 6 1 Procedure 1 Make sure that the spectrometer sample compartment is empty or contains a gas cell the windows of which are transparent in the spectral range desired 2 On the OPUS Measure menu select the Advance Measurement command 3 Select appropriate measurement parameters 4 Click the Chec...

Страница 49: ...n the detector It should not have a short term deviation of more than 200 ADC counts if the beam is directed onto the thermally stable calibration source Long term deviation over several hours can lead to larger deviations in the signal intensity due to variations in the ambient temperature The signal inten sity should not deviate by more than 20 from the value recorded during the delivery in the ...

Страница 50: ...ple spectrum dividing the sample spectrum SSC1 by the background spectrum RSC2 The spectral bands which result from the ambient conditions and or the spectrometer are eliminated from the result sample spectrum 5 7 1 2 Atmospheric measurement using the input port for collimated beam This type of measurement performs a sample measurement only If there are narrow absorption lines on a smoothly varyin...

Страница 51: ...tivated to have the interferogram displayed The interferogram indicates that a signal is detected The amplitude value displayed above the interferogram shows the sig nal intensity currently detected To check signal intensity compare the amplitude value displayed above the inter ferogram with the amplitude value indicated in the test protocol The supplied test protocol documents the result of a fac...

Страница 52: ... hygro scopic Never expose them to humidity water or aqueous solutions Always store the beamsplitter in a sealed container and in dry environment e g in the beamsplitter storage box Fix the protective covers onto the beamsplitter figure 5 2b The covers provide mechanical protection but do not protect against humidity Do not try to loosen or fasten the screws B in figure 5 2a as this will impair th...

Страница 53: ...eter down time after changing the beam splitter Figure 5 2a Beamsplitter A B Figure 5 2b Beamsplitter with protective cover 1 Use a cross head screwdriver size PH2 and rotate the 2 screws of the top lid counterclock wise You have to rotate over the snap in resis tance Then the screw is pushed upwards and you can loosen it 2 Carefully lift off the lid Open lid Risk of exposure to laser light which ...

Страница 54: ...verloaded Never use the Auto Align function when no or only a very small interferogram is displayed or when working at low wavenumbers This may lead to severe mis alignment 3 Unlock the release lever move it further up Hold the beamsplitter with two hands on the knobs Carefully remove the beamsplitter straight upwards without catching an edge 4 Hold the beamsplitter with two hands on the knobs and...

Страница 55: ...ally 16 hours Delivery content of detector Funnel Protective dewar plug Cooling medium required Liquid nitrogen About 1l filling 16 hours Indications of a weakening cooling effect Decreased signal intensity No signal at all OPUS status light becomes red Instrument status message in OPUS reads Detector not ready Table 5 6 Detector features CAUTION Improper use of liquid nitrogen Can cause frostbite...

Страница 56: ...s concentrations in the air reduce the concentration of oxygen and can cause asphyxiation Nitrogen gas cannot be detected by human senses As nitrogen gas is odorless there is the risk of being inhaled as if it were normal air Avoid skin contact Due to the extremely low temperature of liquid nitrogen 196 C any skin contact can cause severe frostbites Wear face shield or safety goggles The sensitive...

Страница 57: ...more the dewar has cooled down to the liquid nitrogen tem perature Fill the funnel again with liquid nitrogen Avoid spilling the liquid on the spectrometer housing Repeat this procedure until the detector dewar has been filled to maximum i As a rule of thumb for the standard MCT detector the maximum dewar capacity is about the quantity of 3 funnel fillings Note that the first 3 funnel fillings wil...

Страница 58: ...each side Put your hand below the clip and push the clip upwards Pull the clip towards you until you feel resis tance i All the clips have to be in their outermost position otherwise you get problems when lifting off the cover 2 Two persons are required to lift off the cover of the long scanning arm one at the front and one at the back end Put your hands below the hangers Carefully lift off the co...

Страница 59: ...rews of the top lid coun terclockwise You have to rotate over the snap in resis tance Then the screw is pushed upwards and you can loosen it Carefully lift off the sample compartment cover 5 Use a flat tip screwdriver to loosen the two knurled thumb screws located on the bottom of the trough 6 Completely remove the trough out of the sam ple compartment 7 Repeat step 1 to remove the cover of the de...

Страница 60: ...e of the input port and the diagonally located hanger Carefully lift off the cover from the detector and interferometer block Cover not lift off properly Risk of detector scanner or mirror damage Lift off the cover straight and far upwards Table 5 9 Changing detector Removing covers NOTE ...

Страница 61: ... pull upwards the preamplifier A and the detector B simultaneously Avoid any damage on the mirrors or other compo nents next to the detector 2 Insert the new detector and preamplifier simultaneously Insert the detector precisely into the dovetail guide Make sure that no cable blocks the optical path Push the detector downwards until it locks into place The electrical connections are established au...

Страница 62: ...cks the optical path 4 Switch on the spectrometer Check whether a signal1 is detected and the optics works properly More details are described in chapter 5 6 The detector signal may be optimized by slightly adjusting the last parabolic mirror in front of the detector 1 If applicable the detector has to be cooled first Table 5 10 Changing detector Removing detector and inserting new one ...

Страница 63: ...2 and rotate the 4 screws of the top lid clock wise Press down the screw and rotate it once 4 Insert the Teflon made counter nuts A i The Teflon made counter nuts are only available if you use a liquid nitrogen cooled detector Put on the protective caps B 5 Two persons are required to put down the cover of the long scanning arm one at the front and one at the back end Put your hands below the hang...

Страница 64: ...64 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Operation 5 6 Close the clips on each side Table 5 11 Changing detector Remounting covers ...

Страница 65: ...s cause unwanted absorptions in the infrared spectrum range Open the spectrometer only if necessary in order to prevent water vapor or other gases from entering and adhering to the spectrometer inner walls When to purge If the ambient air humidity level inside the spectrome ter is too high Purge gas dry dew point 40 C oil free and dust free air nitrogen gas Maximum pressure 1800 hPa Sustained gas ...

Страница 66: ...66 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Operation 5 ...

Страница 67: ...nt safety precautions Any failure to do so may cause property damage or per sonal injury In this particular case Bruker does not assume any liability Maintenance procedures not described in this manual should only be performed by a Bruker service engineer The following precautions must be observed to ensure user and property safety Disconnect power supply before performing any maintenance procedur...

Страница 68: ...d or touching a grounded object e g radiator The grounding wrist strap is the most effec tive and preferred grounding method 6 2 Checking laser signal To reliably scan and correctly determine the optical path difference it is very important to have proper laser signals at laser A and laser B detectors The signals should be checked once a month 6 2 1 Amplitude i The amplitude of the two modulated s...

Страница 69: ... 2 Offs Ampl 2 10 000 Ampl 2 000 The values are only determined at the current scanner position which is usually close to zero path difference 2 The laser beam must be properly transferred to the two laser detectors Nor mally there is no re adjustment required by the user 3 The laser amplifier has two gain settings which are selected by a corresponding bit in the EEPROM of the beamsplitter This ki...

Страница 70: ...king door once This is necessary to make the gain setting changes come into effect 5 If the signal for one beamsplitter is too low even with high gain setting while the others have good signal this particular beamsplitter has to be replaced Details on changing a beamsplitter are described in chapter 5 8 6 If the signal is too low for all beamsplitters while the optical alignment is cor rect the la...

Страница 71: ...pter 1 LASA Laser A 2 AGND Ground for 1 3 3 LASB Laser B 4 FWDLSW 5 DGND 6 BWDLSW 7 LASXAF 8 DGND 9 SCM Scanner Voice Coil 10 SCM Scanner Voice Coil 11 DCANA 12 16 Spare Do NOT short circuit any pins 2 Connect one end of the laser signal test cable to the Test connector located on the electron ics unit 3 Connect the other end of the laser signal test cable to the oscillograph 4 On the OPUS Measure...

Страница 72: ...s around the end position Compare the amplitudes detected on the end position with the amplitudes on the front position If the amplitude decrease is more than 35 you have to readjust the laser see chapter 6 2 4 a Firmware version June 2012 or later display the laser signal amplitudes see chapter 6 2 2 step 1 in all adjust modes too Therefore connecting an oscillograph is not mandatory b Alternativ...

Страница 73: ...et problems when lifting off the cover 2 Two persons are required to lift off the cover of the long scanning arm one at the front and one at the back end Put your hands below the hangers Carefully lift off the cover from the scanning arm Cover not lift off properly Risk of scanner damage Lift off the cover straight and far upwards 3 Unscrew the Teflon made counter nuts from the 2 detector hoods i ...

Страница 74: ...the bottom of the trough 6 Completely remove the trough out of the sam ple compartment 7 Repeat step 1 to remove the cover of the detector and interferometer block 8 Put your hands below the flange of the input port and the diagonally located hanger Carefully lift off the cover from the detector and interferometer block Cover not lift off properly Risk of detector damage Lift off the cover straigh...

Страница 75: ... and then Back Short Adjust mode 4 The scanner moves to the outermost position of the scanning arm 5 Adjust the laser signal by the two screws on top of the laser deflection unit i The screws are very sensitive Turn slightly and do not apply any force to the beam splitter block If the screws are too tight the central locking screw must be loosened a bit Adjust in the way that both laser signals ar...

Страница 76: ...figure 6 1 of the beamsplitter which is specifically coated for the laser beam To slightly adjust the beam height turn all 3 adjustment screws of the laser deflection unit to the same direction Observe the laser signals on an oscillograph Maximize the ampli tude as described in chapter 6 2 4 There is no way to adjust the phase i e if the phase is out of specification the particular beamsplitter ha...

Страница 77: ... on the console Close the clips on each sidea 2 Insert the trough into of the sample compart ment Use a flat tip screwdriver to fasten the two knurled thumb screws located on the bot tom of the trough 3 Use a cross head screwdriver size PH2 and rotate the 4 screws of the top lid clock wise Press down the screw and rotate it once 4 Insert the Teflon made counter nuts A i The Teflon made counter nut...

Страница 78: ...end Put your hands below the hangers Cover not put down properly Risk of scanner damage Put down the cover straight and far downwards 6 Close the clips on each side a If the pretension of any clip is too high or too low it can be adjusted by turning the metallic screw nut with a pipe wrench in the appropriate direction Table 6 5 Adjusting laser Remounting covers NOTE ...

Страница 79: ...ht in the lower right end of the OPUS interface becomes red The error message Source is broken or not connected is displayed Tools required None Handling instructions The source becomes hot during spectro meter operation Avoid any skin contact Has the source to be aligned All sources used are pre aligned and do not have to be aligned after maintenance Table 6 6 Source features Source type Estimate...

Страница 80: ...con taminates the bulb and significantly reduces the service life Wear gloves when changing the bulb and observe the operating instructions indicated on the source packing CAUTION NIR VIS source operated out of the spectrometer Risk of UV radiation Do not operate the NIR VIS source out of the spectrometer Operate according to the safety instructions to avoid risk of UV radiation ...

Страница 81: ... the light source has cooled down to room temperature before you replace it 3 Loosen the knurled thumb screw about one turn of the clamping bar Press the source downwards while rotating the clamping bar side Take the source out of the holder 4 Insert the replacement source into the holder The globar is very brittle Do neither knock against nor drop it The two pins of the holder must engage into th...

Страница 82: ...indows to be replaced In case of too much dirt cracking and haze Tools required Window flange Allen key Handling instructions Handle with great care as windows are very fragile and easily crack under the influence of mechanical pressure Do not touch the window surface to avoid contaminations which can decrease the infrared transparency Avoid generating dust when the window has been cracked Observe...

Страница 83: ...F2 Harmful Observe the safety data sheet 49 5 mm diameter F131 17 Calcium fluoride CaF2 Harmful Observe the safety data sheet 45 x 3 mm wedge 6 mrad F162 3 Calcium fluoride CaF2 Harmful Observe the safety data sheet 49 5 mm diameter F131 3 Calcium fluoride CaF2 Harmful Observe the safety data sheet 90 x 3 mm F165 3 M Potassium bromide KBr KBr window exposed to moisture Property damage Avoid any ex...

Страница 84: ...Br window exposed to moisture Property damage Avoid any exposure to moisture 90 x 10 mm F166 5 M Quartz 45 x 2 mm F162 1 Quartz 90 x 3 mm F165 1 M Zinc selenide ZnSe Toxic Observe the safety data sheet 45 x 3 mm wedge 6 mrad F162 11 Zinc selenide ZnSe Toxic Observe the safety data sheet 49 5 mm diameter F131 11 Window material Properties Part number Table 6 10 Window material NOTE NOTE CAUTION CAU...

Страница 85: ...rew 2mm to loosen the screws from the window cap Rotate the screws counterclockwise Loosen the screws from the fixation ring Replace window as described in chapter 6 4 3 2 Check whether a signal is detected and the optics works properly More details are described in chapter 5 6 Table 6 11 Replacing window Definition A Window flange B O ring for the window flange A Table 6 12 Parts of window assemb...

Страница 86: ...ion ring F Put the fixation ring F onto the window assembly Use a hexagon socket setscrew 2 mm to gradually tighten the screws one after the other C Window D Distance ring only required for thin win dow types E O ring for fixation ring F F Fixation ring G Window port cover Definition Table 6 12 Parts of window assembly CAUTION Damaged window Risk of breaking Never insert a window which shows signs...

Страница 87: ...led detectors are mounted in re pumpable vacuum dewars except for those which are permanently sealed Usually the detector dewar holds its vacuum for several months a The hold time indicates how long the cooling effect of the liquid nitrogen lasts How is it indicated that the detector has to be evacu ated Condensation water exists on the detec tor outer surface Outer surface of detector is iced Bro...

Страница 88: ...ion equipment and the service of evacuating Part No SD128 In the latter you have to send the MCT detector to Bruker Tool Definition Different pump models possible Turbo molecular pump oil free high vac uum pump which achieves an ultimate vacuum of 10 5 hPa Adapter Adapter with flexible hose and flange A adapter B flange C flexible metal hose D NW 25 flange Table 6 14 Evacuation tools A B C D ...

Страница 89: ...room temperature maximum 60 C Evacuating the dewar takes several hours Therefore it is recommended to evacuate the dewar over night The final pressure in the dewar has to be less than 10 5 hPa Definition A Coupling nut B O ring retainer C O ring D Union nut to remove the valve closure of the detector dewar E Connecting piece for vacuum pump F Vacuum adapter G Washer and O ring packing H Knob Table...

Страница 90: ...uum adapter over the connecting piece of the detector dewar and fasten the coupling nut finger tight The O ring must engage properly into the corresponding groove at the detector port Additional tightening is not necessary 7 Push the knob into the closed position until the union nut of the vacuum adapter is in con tact with the dewar evacuation valve 8 Screw the union nut into the dewar evacua tio...

Страница 91: ...n vacuum pump and vacuum adapter 11 Rotate the knob several turns counterclock wise in order to screw the union nut off the dewar evacuation valve Be careful not to purge the dewar 12 Pull the knob to the open position 13 Loosen the coupling nut and remove the vacuum adapter from the connecting piece of the dewar Reinstall the MCT detector into the spec trometer chapter 5 10 14 Check whether a sig...

Страница 92: ... mirror assembly must occasionally be checked for ten sion Especially when installing a new cable it is recommended to check the cable ten sion periodically to avoid slipping Definition A Capstan B Counter screw C Thumb screw Table 6 17 Parts of scanner drive cable unit Figure 6 5 Scanner drive cable unit A B C ...

Страница 93: ...n otherwise you get problems when lifting off the cover 2 Two persons are required to lift off the cover of the long scanning arm one at the front and one at the back end Put your hands below the hangers Carefully lift off the cover from the scanning arm Cover not lift off properly Risk of scanner damage Lift off the cover straight and far upwards 3 There must be no signs of cable slipping at the ...

Страница 94: ...ive cable tension by the thumb screw Turn the thumb screw counterclockwise to increase the tension Be careful not to overtighten the thumb screw to prevent the cable from tearing 3 Fix the tension by the counter nut You may hold the screw in place by a sec ond tool 4 Remount the cover onto the scanning arm Table 6 19 Adjusting drive cable view point second tool ...

Страница 95: ... cover Open the clips on each side Put your hand below the clip and push the clip upwards Pull the clip towards you until you feel resis tance i All the clips have to be in their outermost position otherwise you get problems when lifting off the cover 2 Two persons are required to lift off the cover of the long scanning arm one at the front and one at the back end Put your hands below the hangers ...

Страница 96: ...top lid coun terclockwise You have to rotate over the snap in resis tance Then the screw is pushed upwards and you can loosen it Carefully lift off the sample compartment cover 5 Use a flat tip screwdriver to loosen the two knurled thumb screws located on the bottom of the trough 6 Completely remove the trough out of the sam ple compartment 7 Repeat step 1 to remove the cover of the detector and i...

Страница 97: ...cover from scanning arm NOTE 1 Manually move the scanner from its initial position to the end of the scanning arm There is a high friction when moving the scanner Alternatively use the Direct Control Panel command on the spectrometer diagnostics page to move the scanner Click Stop Mode and then Back Short Adjust Mode Once the scanner has reached the back position click Stop Mode Do not touch the s...

Страница 98: ...anner cannot be moved any more 5 To fix the inner scanner use the supplied clamp To position the clamp make sure that the clamp screws fit into the boreholes see arrow located on the inner scanner housing Fasten the clamp screws see arrows Pay attention as the clamp touches the top side of the movable structure but does not press it down This avoids defor mation of the spring leaves Table 6 21 Tra...

Страница 99: ... below the boreholes see arrow located on clamp The top of the scanner and the clamp must be in touch or must have a very small gap in between Fasten the clip screws Table 6 21 Transporting spectrometer Moving and fixing scanner 1 Turn the main power switch in the OFF posi tion to switch off the spectrometer 2 Unlock the release lever move it further up Hold the beamsplitter with two hands on the ...

Страница 100: ... Gently pull the plug by slightly rotating it to remove the plug Never pull the fiber cable as the fiber core may break easily Avoid any kind of force Put a protective cover over the ferrule at the fiber end 3 Open the cable support Put the fixture upwards 4 Pull out the optical fiber cable end Avoid any kind of force 5 Loosen the lock nut of the fiber cable fixture located on laser panel of the m...

Страница 101: ...terclockwise to loosen the optical fiber cable from the laser port Gently pull the plug by slightly rotating it to remove it Avoid any kind of force Never pull the fiber cable as the fiber core may break easily 8 Put a protective cover over the ferrule at both fiber ends and over the laser port Table 6 23 Transporting spectrometer Removing optical fiber cable ...

Страница 102: ...e from the laser fixture Mark the end which had been connected to the laser to be able to identify it later Completely pull out the fiber cable from the protective tube Mind that the plug at the second end does not catch an edge Avoid any kind of force Table 6 23 Transporting spectrometer Removing optical fiber cable ...

Страница 103: ...far downwards The supporting feet are located on the bottom side of the detector and interferometer block 2 To further support the scanning arm it is advis able to push a piece of wood beneath the scanning arm close to the detector and inter ferometer block Table 6 24 Transporting spectrometer Demounting complete scanning arm ...

Страница 104: ...setscrew M5 for position 5 M4 for position 1 to 4 Make sure that the screws are removed completely 4 Carefully pull out the scanner from the detec tor and interferometer block Use the large handles at the side of the scanning arm to apply an appropriate force Table 6 24 Transporting spectrometer Demounting complete scanning arm Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 ...

Страница 105: ... tight to ensure that the fixture units remain in their supporting points during transport If however the locking screws are tightened too fast the threads become damaged On each fixture unit the transport locking screw is located within the area of the three adjusting screws Figure 6 6 shows two examples of such transport locking screws 5 The small viewing window on the rear side shows that the s...

Страница 106: ...he console Close the clips on each sidea 2 Insert the trough into of the sample compart ment Use a flat tip screwdriver to fasten the two knurled thumb screws located on the bot tom of the trough 3 Use a cross head screwdriver size PH2 and rotate the 4 screws of the top lid clock wise Press down the screw and rotate it once 4 Insert the Teflon made counter nuts A i The Teflon made counter nuts are...

Страница 107: ...ut your hands below the hangers Cover not put down properly Risk of scanner damage Put down the cover straight and far downwards 6 Close the clips on each side a If the pretension of any clip is too high or too low it can be adjusted by turning the metallic screw nut with a pipe wrench in the appropriate direction Table 6 25 Transporting spectrometer Remounting covers NOTE ...

Страница 108: ... User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Maintenance 6 6 7 8 Detaching all cables From mobile electronics unit From left and right electronics box Figure 6 7 Mobile electronics unit Figure 6 8 Left and right electronics box ...

Страница 109: ... problems when lifting off the cover 2 Two persons are required to lift off the cover of the long scanning arm one at the front and one at the back end Put your hands below the hangers Carefully lift off the cover from the scanning arm Cover not lift off properly Risk of scanner damage Lift off the cover straight and far upwards 3 Unscrew the Teflon made counter nuts from the 2 detector hoods i Th...

Страница 110: ...sen the two knurled thumb screws located on the bottom of the trough 6 Completely remove the trough out of the sam ple compartment 7 Repeat step 1 to remove the cover of the detector and interferometer block 8 Put your hands below the flange of the input port and the diagonally located hanger Carefully lift off the cover from the detector and interferometer block Cover not lift off properly Risk o...

Страница 111: ...ter block Use the large handles at the side Make sure that the scanner arm does not get jammed To check whether the scanner is completely pushed towards the detec tor and interferometer block look at the small viewing window The window shows that the scanning arm is correctly positioned There must only be a small gap 2 mm 4 Fasten the 5 fixing screws of the scanner which are located on different p...

Страница 112: ... scanning arm 1 Insert the fiber cable into the protective tube Make sure that you use the previously marked cable end for the laser port Be care ful that the cable does not get stuck at the other end Put the fiber cable into the laser fixture 2 Insert the other end of the optical fiber cable into an appropriate groove on the optics con sole 3 Fasten the lock nut Table 6 28 Transporting spectromet...

Страница 113: ...ead of the fiber plug clockwise to fasten the optical fiber cable to the laser port Make sure that the key at the fiber plug matches the notch of the receptacle Avoid any kind of force Never pull the fiber cable as the fiber core may break easily 6 Carefully move the cover towards the laser panel Table 6 28 Transporting spectrometer Re inserting optical fiber cable ...

Страница 114: ...efore the fiber coupling head should be re adjusted see chapter 6 9 7 Fasten the lock nut of the fiber cable fixture located on the laser panel of the mobile elec tronics unit 8 Remove the protective cover from the ferrule at the other fiber end Carefully rotate the knurled screw head of the fiber plug clockwise to fasten it to the collimator lens Make sure that the key at the fiber plug matches t...

Страница 115: ...lected through the aperture 2 Select the smallest aperture On the OPUS Measure menu select Direct Command Entry Enter apt 300 Click Send Command Dim the lights to optimally see the back reflected laser spot on the paper i The aim of the alignment is to have the back reflected laser spot passing through the center of the smallest aperture This ensures that the aper ture is exactly on the optical ax...

Страница 116: ...irror can be slightly tilted Usually several laser spots can be seen originating from residual reflections at the beamsplitter surfaces The back reflected one is typically the brightest If in doubt you may stop the scanner The back reflected laser spot will strongly flicker due to interference The alignment screws must be rotated such that the laser spot passes through the center of the smallest a...

Страница 117: ...cking screw 6 Demount the blind flange arrow in figure of the direct input port Remove the 6 screws of the blind flange from the inner side of the demounted cover 7 Remount all covers as described in chapter 6 8 8 Difference the direct input port is still open 8 Cover the open port by a paper or any other material Perform a measurement chapter 5 7 with a reference gas cell Table 6 29 Transporting ...

Страница 118: ...the covers chapter 6 7 1 Remount the blind flange of the direct input port Table 6 29 Transporting spectrometer Checking optical alignment 1 Put your hands below the flange of the input port and the diagonally located hanger Put on the cover of the detector and interferometer block Make sure that the two eyelets at the inner edge of the cover are catched by the two guiding posts which are located ...

Страница 119: ...Put on the protective caps B 5 Two persons are required to put down the cover of the long scanning arm one at the front and one at the back end Put your hands below the hangers Cover not put down properly Risk of scanner damage Put down the cover straight and far downwards 6 Close the clips on each side a If the pretension of any clip is too high or too low it can be adjusted by turning the metall...

Страница 120: ...the notch of the fiber receptacle shows approximately in the same direction as the polarization plane The polarization plane has to be marked at the outer rim of the mount where the clamp screw is located The best way is to check the mini mum with the help of a polarizer and place the mark 90 off this position 2 Measure the laser light power Pin emerging the receptacle with the help of a power met...

Страница 121: ...cket i The whole receptacle is mounted at a 3 5 angle so the ferrule must be tilted at that angle too Make sure that the key at the plug points into the direction of the notch at the receptacle Fix the lock nut only hand tight 6 You should see a light beam at least dim emitting out of the fiber You can watch the beam on a white piece of paper If available mount the fiber collimator tool with integ...

Страница 122: ...creased turn the inner cylindrical part further into the same direction If the ratio decreased turn the inner part into the opposite direction behind the mark As soon as the ratio is large enough repeat step 6 to maximize the intensity again 8 Lock the coupling head by the clamp screw located between the two bolts 5 in figure 6 9 Observe the output power during fixing If it drops compensate with v...

Страница 123: ... in several different ways For example You have started a measurement but not any measurement result is displayed in OPUS Reason OPUS did not start any measurement at all No signal detected in OPUS Reason Wrong OPUS parameters selected To find out the concrete cause of a spectrometer problem it is advisable to narrow down the problem We recommend the following fault diagnostics procedure First che...

Страница 124: ...via e mail Proceed as follows 1 Click the OPUS status light chapter 7 2 The Instrument Status dialog opens 2 Click the Send Report button Clicking this button sends the report to the opusre ports brukeroptics de e mail address i To be able to use this feature an e mail program must be installed on the network com puter and an e mail account set up 7 1 1 2 Sending full report if your spectrometer i...

Страница 125: ...periment loaded The OPUS status light can indicate different types of operating states LED Definition Gray no spectrometer connected Green spectrometer is connected and works properly Yellow warning e g service life of a spectrometer com ponent comes to an end instrument test has expired etc iMeasuring is still possible Red error e g detector not cooled spectrometer malfunction defective spectrome...

Страница 126: ...hardware components e g source laser etc is displayed The status can be as follows B Option to send the instrument status report to Bruker Status Definition OK green component is ok Warning yellow the exact meaning depends on the specific component in case of the source a warning means source lifetime nearly reached measuring is still possible source warms up measuring not possible Error red Compo...

Страница 127: ...all relevant information about the current operat ing state of the respective hardware component i You can send the diagnostics pages of all hardware spectrometer components as full report to Bruker service for remote fault diagnostics Use the following e mail address info brukeroptics com For more details on the diagnostics pages refer to chapter 8 3 2 et seq If the detector is not cooled Detecto...

Страница 128: ...cified life time of a spectrometer com ponent has nearly reached Contact Bruker service iMeasuring is still possible Temperature out of range Temperature inside the spec trometer is too high Cause Ambient temperature is too high Operate the spectrometer only in the ambient temperature range specified 18 35 C by the manufacturer Laser is off or no laser signal Defective laser Contact Bruker service...

Страница 129: ...ment Parameters and Data Acquisition Status Any value unequal to zero indicates an error during data acquisition Bit coded value bit 13 set 8192 decimal means Buffer overflow in the optics controller This indicates a severe problem in the data transfer from the DSP of the optics to OPUS Data has been lost and the resulting file is corrupt This can be either due to an unreliable network connection ...

Страница 130: ... installed The following mes sage pops up Device not connected No analog board selected In case of manually changed detectors check whether the detector is properly inserted into its holder check whether the DDC cable is connected properly see chapter 3 6 1 No or wrong detector selected On the OPUS Measure menu click the Advanced Measurement command Click the Optics tab to select the correct detec...

Страница 131: ...the beamsplitter is properly installed and the laser signals are in the specified voltage range chapter 6 2 Beamsplitter is damaged Replace the beamsplitter chapter 5 8 Check the signal chapter 5 6 Red ERR LED on the elec tronic mobile unit lights i e there is a spectrometer error e g strong mechanical shocks have caused a tempo rary or permanent optics mis alignment or the HeNe laser is defective...

Страница 132: ... On the OPUS Measure menu select the Advanced Measure ment command Click the Optics tab Scanner not scanning Check the FWD and TKD LEDs on the mobile electronics unit If they do not light repeatedly proceed as follows On the OPUS Measure menu select the Optic Setup and Service command Click the Control Panel tab on the dialog that opens Scroll to the Scanner control item Click once on Reinit Scann...

Страница 133: ...mobile elec tronics unit labeled 5V 12V and 12V LED Definition 5V 12V 12V Green spectrometer connected to power supply Black power supply to spectrometer inter rupted Table 7 5 Voltage status LEDs Possible causes Solutions Spectrometer not turned on Turn the main power switch in the ON position Power cord not connected Connect the power cord to the power outlet as well as to the appliance inlet co...

Страница 134: ...rt circuit of the power supply Otherwise it is an internal problem of the spectrometer electron ics Contact Bruker service Defective power supply The power supply unit has to be replaced If the LEDs are off contact Bruker service chapter 1 5 Possible causes Solutions Table 7 6 All voltage status LEDs off Possible cause Troubleshooting An external device shortens the power supply unit Disconnect al...

Страница 135: ...blem No data acquisition possible SR Red spectrometer is busy and performs action No communication via Ethernet possible Table 7 8 ERR and SR LEDs Possible causes Solutions Laser not stabilized Wait about 20 minutes until the laser is stabilized No beamsplitter inserted Insert the beamsplitter chapter 5 8 No contact to beamsplitter EPROM Make sure that the 3 contact springs at the beam splitter lo...

Страница 136: ...ter switching on the spectrometer wait about 1 minute until the initialization procedure is com pleted Spectrometer control hangs Reset the spectrometer using the RES button located on the rear side of the mobile electronic unit and wait for the initialization procedure to terminate Check the spectrometer log buffer for possible causes chapter 8 3 3 In rare cases it may be required to switch off t...

Страница 137: ...pectrometer receives data 7 7 1 RX LED permanently off If the green RX LED is permanently off there may be a problem with regard to the phys ical connection between the spectrometer and the PC or network Possible cause Troubleshooting Wrong cable type used Use a CAT5 cross over 100Base T cable to directly connect the spectrometer to the PC Use a regular CAT5 100Base T cable to link the spectromete...

Страница 138: ... the Window desktop click the Start button 2 Select Run 3 Enter cmd and click OK 4 Enter route print and press the ENTER key 5 Enter ipconfig all and press the ENTER key again 6 Take a screenshot of the dialog and submit it to your network administrator Possible causes Solutions Wrong IP address assigned to the spectrometer Assign the correct IP address to the spectrometer The correct IP address s...

Страница 139: ...ltaneously access a particular spectrometer on the same or on a different PC even in parallel to an access connec tion already established via OPUS All these types of connections are served on a first come first serve basis i Intentionally there is no locking mechanism between the Web interface and OPUS Thus it is recommended not to access the spectrometer by a Web browser in parallel to a connect...

Страница 140: ... Reset Instrument and all Service Edit hardware configuration pages except for the Backup Flange Eeprom data to Flashdisk and Backup NVRam to Flashdisk pages The user authentication has no influence on the communication connection established to the spectrometer via OPUS i Only one user account combination of user name and password is supported A par ticular user can be logged on from several work...

Страница 141: ...ser data button 4 Click Log on button 5 Enter user name and password Click OK to confirm 6 The status line now reads user xxx logged on i To have the user authentication become effective you have to log off 7 Click the Log off button Table 8 1 Activating user authentication ...

Страница 142: ...h are protected cannot be accessed any more As soon as you try to open one of these pages a dialog pops up asking for the user name and password Table 8 1 Activating user authentication 1 Open Web browser Enter spectrometer IP address into the address entry field On configuration page click Authenti cation 2 Click the Disable button 3 The status line now reads User authentication disabled 4 Click ...

Страница 143: ...ut the spectrometer IP address If you open the Web browser and enter the spectrometer IP address default IP address 10 10 0 1 into the address field of the Web browser A in figure 8 2 the spectrometer home page of the particular spectrometer is displayed If you do not know the IP address see the white label on the mobile electronics unit The spectrometer diagnostics pages are a useful and powerful...

Страница 144: ...in an internal buffer of the electronics and may be downloaded later see List of Result Data Files However once the internal buffer is full information will be lost OPUS performs measurements employing the same mecha nism i e you will see the interferogram files requested from OPUS in the list of data files as well The Messages page lists all messages errors warnings etc that are also displayed on...

Страница 145: ...ands concerning the scanner control and the data acquisition e g VEL RES however are at first only registered they are executed when starting a measurement If a command is to be executed immediately add the _SP 0 character string to the command e g VEL 5000 _SP 0 Moreover several commands can be grouped by linking them with the character e g VEL 5000 NSS 32 APT 4 _SP 0 Text e g command for operato...

Страница 146: ...es group field In our example the LSR 0 com mand has been sent This command causes a HeNe laser to switch off which in turn deactivates the scanner control This state of the optics results in the HeNe Laser is off or No laser signal error message 8 3 1 1 Error messages An error message contains the following information Creation time of the message Unique error message code see also chapter 8 3 1 ...

Страница 147: ...k 20000 20999 Detector 30000 30999 Laser 40000 40999 Source 50000 50999 Automation units 60000 60999 Instrument Table 8 4 Error message code Importance level Description S Static fatal error non resettable R Resettable static fatal error Messages of the importance levels S and R indicate a static fatal error which prevents a measurement from being executed or cancels a running measurement In this ...

Страница 148: ...gure 8 6 either send a direct command to bring the motorized unit in its default position or connect the respective motor first and then send the direct command CHN 1 once again V Static warning non resettable U Resettable static warning Messages of the importance levels V and U indicate a static warning which does not prevent or cancels a measurement In this case the OPUS status light is yellow a...

Страница 149: ... or a is the correct answer to a command with a return value Commands without return value do not return an answer mes sage This kind of message is displayed only until OPUS has read the Mes sages page of the spectrometer home page figure 8 2 F f Fatal error A message with the importance level F or f indicates a non static fatal error which prevents a measurement from being started or cancels a ru...

Страница 150: ...is displayed For diagnostic purposes this page provides a rough overview of the functional state of the spectrometer More precisely it indicates the functional state of the following components scanner1 detector HeNe laser IR source automation units electronics 1 The Scanner and Interferometer terms are used synonymously Figure 8 7 Diagnostics ...

Страница 151: ...ning In case of a laser problem the current state is high lighted in red and the Scanner diagnostics page shows an error as well C Current reading of the laser operating hour meter only valid if the laser is supplied by the mobile electronics unit D Date when the laser was first put into operation Table 8 7 Components of laser diagnostics page Figure 8 8 Laser diagnostics page A B C D ...

Страница 152: ...source C Current state of source either On Off D Current reading of the source operating hour meter Compare the total run time displayed with the spec ified average service lifetime of the IR source E Date when the source was first put into operation Table 8 8 Components of source diagnostics page Figure 8 9 Source diagnostics page A B E C D ...

Страница 153: ...nd Laser B Offs mV Values smaller than 8500 mV indicate that no laser light reaches the interferometer block Cause The laser is switched off or the laser beam is out of alignment A great difference between the Life max value and the Life min value 1000 mV indicates that the laser beam is not properly aligned chapter 6 2 i As a rough rule of thumb the scanner block temperature is a few C above the ...

Страница 154: ...s diagnostics page Definition A Status message B Parameters that define the readiness of the spectrome ter for measurement C Current state of readiness of the specific parameter Table 8 10 Components of electronics diagnostics page Figure 8 11 Electronics diagnostics page A B B ...

Страница 155: ...Description component or parameter which the corresponding command con cerns Current value displays the current command value Ready indicates that the respective component is in operating condition i If a unit or a command has not been used since the last power up the Ready field may be empty Error indicates an error status of the component in question Definition A Status message Table 8 11 Compon...

Страница 156: ...r fault diagnostics relevant information is provided e g Which detector is currently selected Is the detector cooled down to operating temperature An operable detector is indicated by a READY preamp board status Definition A Status message B Currently installed detectors Table 8 12 Components of detector diagnostics page Figure 8 13 Detector diagnostics page A B ...

Страница 157: ...g the instrument all motors of the spectrometer are displayed as not connected 8 3 2 8 COMBO Table The COMBO Cmds table provides an overview of all available spectrometer options e g Which detectors are installed Which measurement options measurement chan nels etc are available i In the first column the component or parameter is displayed by its corresponding com mand e g APT means aperture VEL me...

Страница 158: ...bout the embedded web server the SCT16 board and the flange board Furthermore it contains general informa tion runtime information owner information and user information from EWS INI Full Report The Full Report page is described in detail in chapter 8 3 4 Figure 8 14 Service NOTE Unauthorized access to Service page Wrong entries lead to spectrometer malfunction The Service page shall be accessed b...

Страница 159: ...command SRC 100 The bits in the Busy status column indicate whether the command is being executed by an internal unit If there is any bit set in this column this means that the command has been executed incompletely or unsuccessfully Erroneously executed commands are indicated by an error flag in the last column This page is also useful to check the parameters set for the last measurement by the O...

Страница 160: ... these parameters are reset or the spectrometer is switched off Possibly the following commands are useful for testing and diagnostics purposes Some of them can also be entered as direct commands Command Definition LSR Laser ON OFF This command effects a HeNe laser switch off and a laser error without opening the optics compartment The corre sponding error message is displayed in the Message group...

Страница 161: ...ng a positive value saves the absolute peak position permanently Sending a negative value sets the absolute peak position only temporarily i e the peak position is not saved After restarting the spectrometer the permanently saved value is used Sending the ABP 0 command uses the peak position value of the last measurement This value is saved per manently Sending the ABP 1 command restores the saved...

Страница 162: ...movement Similar to ADM 1 but with slower speed The ADM 4 command Front Short Adjust Mode com mutes the scanner around the front position without requiring a proper laser signal The ADM 5 command Back Short Adjust Mode com mutes the scanner around the end position without re quiring a proper laser signal i If the spectrometer is in an adjust mode unequal to 0 no measurement is possible CPI CPP Con...

Страница 163: ...ogram calculate the off set as follows Offset Peak Location from Instrument Parameters of the measurement 0 5 x Number of Data Points from Data Parameters IgSm of the measurement This Offset is zero if the peak is exactly in the middle of the interferogram To get the Offset in laser half periods the high folding limit must be 15798 cm 1 To find the saved peak position select Service View Instrumen...

Страница 164: ... ered Last CAN answer The Last CAN answer page displays the last answer of the last CAN packet allowing to evaluate the CAN communication The information of this page is only helpful when you know how the CAN communication works Edit hardware configuration i Any wrong entry leads to spectrometer malfunction Do not change parameters unless you are sure about the consequences Clicking the Edit hardw...

Страница 165: ...gas flow leading to unstable scanner movement 1 Click the Save button to write any changes to the beamsplitter Wait until finished Open the beamsplitter locking door once to let the spectrometer electronics adapt the changes Alternatively reset the spectrometer 8 3 4 Full report The full report is a useful fault diagnostics tool This report provides all the necessary information about the instrume...

Страница 166: ...cian to quickly narrow down the cause of the problem To quickly locate a source of trouble simply scroll down the full report until you encoun ter a red ERROR field see figure 8 18 For a more detailed fault diagnostics read through the individual information provided in the full report 1 Open Web browser Enter spectrometer IP address into the address entry field On configuration page click Service...

Страница 167: ...mbedded Web Server SCT16 Board Log buffer List of checked functions Scanner Detectors HeNe Laser Source Setting Details of Source s Ready status List of Commands CAN Devices COMBO Cmds Additional parameters for Cmds Auto Accessory Recognition EWS INI As the full report contains a lot of information only the information relevant to fault diag nostics are described in the following ...

Страница 168: ...re or not In the Owner info section you can find out whether a PC on which OPUS runs is cur rently connected to the spectrometer In the Embedded Web Server section the EWS16 firmware version IP address sub net mask address gateway address and hardware MAC ID are displayed The Log buffer section is a very helpful tool for analyzing an error status as it logs the last internal spectrometer actions Y...

Страница 169: ...ff the source The cur rently installed source type is automatically determined In addition the scanner mode can be controlled chapter 8 3 3 ADM Adjust Mode This page is mainly used for maintenance or troubleshooting and updates itself in regu lar intervals i Do not change the scanner mode during any measurement Figure 8 19 Direct control panel ...

Страница 170: ...170 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Web Interface 8 ...

Страница 171: ...k Connecting spectrometer to a network PC Data cable type The data cable type depends on the configuration used The figure below illustrates the RJ 45 Ethernet cable wiring for a straight through and cross over cable Data cable type Configuration Included in delivery content Cross over cable Spectrometer to stand alone PC Spectrometer to network PC Yes Straight through cablea a A straight through ...

Страница 172: ...y be configured using static IP addresses no DHCP capability The IP addresses of the spectrometer and the PC must be within the same sub net as long as no gateway is used 9 1 2 Connecting spectrometer to a stand alone PC standard 1 Connect one end of the supplied cross over data cable to the ETH port on the spectrometer rear side Figure 9 1 RJ 45 Ethernet cable wiring Straight through cable Cross ...

Страница 173: ...d PC No access problems with other PCs which also try to access the spectrometer No data transfer problems caused by varying data transfer rates Disadvantages of this configuration type No remote access to spectrometer from other PCs on which the OPUS software is installed Stand alone PC cannot use network resources Local printer required to print measurement results 9 1 3 Connecting spectrometer ...

Страница 174: ...tween spectrometer and PC Advantages of this configuration type Remote access to spectrometer via internet or intranet possible PC can access all network resources provided you have the necessary access rights Disadvantages of this configuration type Straight through data cables are required which are not included in the delivery scope A small range of the bandwidth is available for the data trans...

Страница 175: ...c trometer 4 Check communication connection between spectrometer and PC Advantages of this configuration type Full bandwidth is available for data transfer between spectrometer and PC Remote access to spectrometer via internet or intranet is possible provided you have the necessary access rights The PC can access all network resources provided the necessary access rights are available Different da...

Страница 176: ...sses to the PC 9 2 2 Optional configuration spectrometer and PC connected to a network Spectrometer and PC must have a unique IP address IP address depends on the local intranet and must be assigned by the network administrator If the spectrometer is to be accessed via internet you have to specify a gateway address The gateway links the intranet domain to other domains e g internet domains If no g...

Страница 177: ...nication PC spectrome ter for the PC network card LAN communication PC network Spectrometer OPTIC CONNEC TOR network card LAN network card IP address 10 10 0 1 10 10 0 2 assigned by network administrator Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 252 assigned by network administrator Gateway 0 0 0 0 do not define when using Windows XP 0 0 0 0 do not define when using Windows XP assigned by network admi...

Страница 178: ...k This IP address has to be assigned by the network administrator The FCONF Firmware Configuration program is used to assign a new IP address to the spectrometer This program is part of the OPUS software The single steps required for assigning IP addresses are described in the following 1 Start FCONF program Double click the fconf exe file in the OPUS base path 2 Activate the Assign a new address ...

Страница 179: ...nics unit In the example on the left the MAC address is 00 00 AD 02 AC 11 Always keep the MAC address on the label up to date and legible A wrong MAC address will lead to confusion The entries for the remaining three entry fields of the dialog depend on the network connection type selected between PC and spec trometer The figure shows the standard addresses for the direct connection between spectr...

Страница 180: ...ck this by selecting the Internet Options command on the Extra browser menu Click the Connections tab then the Settings button in the LAN Settings group field 4 Enter the spectrometer IP address into the browser address field for stand alone configuration 10 10 0 1 on the start page 5 Click the Enter button Now the Internet Explorer should display the spectrometer diagnostics pages see chapter 8 3...

Страница 181: ...l 10 Connection Ports All connection ports are located on the mobile electronics unit Definition A Flange panel B Electronics panel C Power supply panel Table 10 1 Components of mobile electronics unit Figure 10 1 Mobile electronics unit A B C ...

Страница 182: ...he automation unit control to the different com partments of the spectrometer e g source interferome ter sample detector compartment There is no specific order to be observed when using the CAN bus connectors i e they can always be inter changed B PIPS port The PIPS port is not used with IFS 125M Table 10 2 Ports on flange panel Figure 10 2 Flange panel H I J K A B C D E F G ...

Страница 183: ...led via the flange panel D IDET port The IDET port provides a connection to the detector The IDET port is functionally compatible to the DDC ports 0 3 The IDET abbreviation means Internal Detector E TEST port The TEST port is intended for service and diagnostics i Do not connect any device to this port except for ser vice purposes Test receptacle Pin assignment 1 LASA Laser A 2 AGND Ground for 1 3...

Страница 184: ... of the scanner It provides a direct connection to the interferometer compartment I ICON port The ICON port controls the source J FLAPS port The FLAPS port is not used with IFS 125M K DDC port 0 1 2 3 The ports DDC 0 to 3 are versatile ports to connect exter nal optical modules and detectors These ports include a complete CAN bus transmit all remote trigger signals required and establish a complet...

Страница 185: ...tions and LEDs The electronics cable connections e g Ethernet connection and LEDs serve for the instrument diagnostics Each LED indicates a specific operating status e g interferome ter mirror movement data transfer etc Figure 10 3 Ports on electronics panel I J K L M N O A B C D E F G H ...

Страница 186: ... motor It is connected to the last scanner compartment The OMOT abbreviation means Outer Motor E SCE LED If the SCE LED is OFF the spectrometer status is OK The SCE LED continuously lights if one of the following problems occurred Front or back end switch has been activated Cord has been torn Beamsplitter door is open Outer encoder is not adjusted Light switches are not connected Laser is not read...

Страница 187: ...nterferometer mirror moves forward this yellow LED is on During the backward move ment of the mirror the LED is off Thus the LED flashes in the rhythm of the interferometer mirror forward and backward movement This rhythm depends on the measurement parameters selected e g resolution and velocity When data acquisition actually takes place the light intensity changes to bright yellow The FWD abbrevi...

Страница 188: ...ion program 4 reserved must be OFF The CFG abbreviation means Configuration BATTERY Behind this small plate there is the lithium battery to be used to power the real time clock continuously L MPE1 porta The MPE 1 is a versatile port to connect external optical modules and detectors It includes a complete CAN Bus transmits all required remote trigger signals and estab lishes a complete connection t...

Страница 189: ...pectrometer For further details see chapter 9 3 TX RX LED These LEDs indicate the data transfer between the spec trometer and the data system via the Ethernet connection In case of the stand alone configuration the green RX LED indicates that the spectrometer receives data If the spectrometer is connected to an Ethernet network the green RX LED indicates that data are transmitted on the Ethernet t...

Страница 190: ...ard spectrometer is pre configured by Bruker for stand alone operation The IP address is labeled on the mobile electronics unit front side The ETH port is designed for RJ 45 plugs and complies with the 100Base T standard Use a CAT 5 SFTP cable for the connection and make sure that the cable length does not exceed 100 meters Alternatively a gateway can be used to connect the spec trometer to the in...

Страница 191: ...ter is within the scanner range where the XAOUT pulses are used for data acquisition TKDAM is also active if no data are acquired it just marks the scanner to be in the proper position User input output plug pinout UDQENA Data acquisition enable XAOUT Sampling points URET Ground external galvanically iso lated from spectrometer VCC 5 V internal UCC 5 V external galvanically isolated from spectrome...

Страница 192: ...rate the precision of the detection of the laser zero crossings The rate of XAOUT is affected by the acqui sition bandwidth In the left image the low folding limit is 0 and the high folding limit is 15798 so that every laser zero crossing is used for sampling If the high folding limit were 3949 only every fourth laser zero crossing would gen erate an XAOUT pulse However the XAOUT signal does not c...

Страница 193: ...ition in forward mode single sided or double sided Magenta TKDAM Take data Green XAOUT Sampling points Blue UDQENA Data acquisition enable Olive FWD Forward iAll signals are active low Idle mode scanner is moving but no data acqui sition takes place Magenta TKDAM Take data Green XAOUT Sampling points Blue UDQENA Data acquisition enable Olive FWD Forward i The UDQENA signal is high inactive all the...

Страница 194: ...wer switch and voltage LEDs Component Definition A Voltage LEDs 5V 12V 12V These LEDs indicate the status of the secondary voltages of the power supply unit i Any dark voltage LED indicates a major problem with the spectrometer electronics Table 10 6 Ports and LEDs of power supply panel Figure 10 4 Power supply panel A B C D ...

Страница 195: ...pts or establishes the low voltage sup ply Spectrometer is switched off but power plug is still connected to mains socket outlet Danger of short circuit Disconnect the power plug at the external power sup ply from the mains socket outlet Spectrometer is switched on too quickly after it had been switched off Blown fuses and or damages on power supply switch If you have switched off the spectrometer...

Страница 196: ...196 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Connection Ports 10 ...

Страница 197: ...er configuration 120 W Data system 120 W typical Overvoltage categorya II complies with 61010 1 or IEC 60664 1 Environmental condi tionsa Operational temperature range 18 C 35 C Temperature variation max 1 C per hour and max 2 C per day Humidity non condensing less than 80 rela tive humidity Installation site in a closed room max 2000 m above sea level Pollution degree 2 complies with 61010 1 or I...

Страница 198: ...d input for collimated beam from external source Option globar or tungsten lamp for calibration purpose Interferometer Modified Michelson with 30 angle of incidence permanently aligned Nominal beam diameter 63 5mm Beamsplitter KBr substrate with multi layer coating CaF2 Quartz with different coatings Scanner Mechanical hybrid bearing with both high resolu tion and rocking low resolution scan mode ...

Страница 199: ...xit port and additional aperture wheel for second detector Amplifier Preamplifier with up to 4 gain levels main amplifier with 5 gain levels A D converter 24 bit Delta Sigma ADC Interface to host computer Ethernet connection 100Base T with TCP IP Laser IFS 125M is a CLASS 2 LASER PRODUCT Options Dual channel acquisition Simultaneous data acquisition from 2 detectors or from a 2 color detector Acce...

Страница 200: ...smaller than specified resolving power All specifications apply to the open sample channel The useful spectral range depends on source beamsplitter and detector limited by the optical component with the smallest bandwidth At both ends of the spectral range the signal to noise ratio will decrease therefore a measurement with the specified resolution may not be feasible For high resolution measureme...

Страница 201: ...scription Q101 2 HeNe laser frequency stabilized with power supply Q328 7 MIR source globar 12 V Q428 7 NIR VIS source tungsten 12 V 1004170 Drive cable scanner 0 0035 cm 1 1004172 Drive cable scanner 0 008 cm 1 1015940 Fiber PM single mode 3 m length Table B 1 Spare parts ...

Страница 202: ...202 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Spare Parts B ...

Страница 203: ...ent Parameters com mand 2 Enter the following measurement parameters on the different tabs Advanced parameters Settings Resolution 2 Sample Background Scans 32 Save Data 0 to 7000 Result Spectrum Transmittance Data Blocks to be saved Single Channel Sample Interferogram Optics parameters Settings Source Setting MIR Beamsplitter KBr MIR Optical Filter Setting Open Aperture Setting 1 1 mm Detector Se...

Страница 204: ...t 15 500 cm 1 Wanted Low Frequency Limit 0 cm 1 High Pass Filter Open Low Pass Filter 40 kHz Acquisition Mode Single Sided Forward Backward Correlation Mode Off FT parameters Settings Phase Resolution 4 Phase Correction Mode Mertz Apodization Function Blackman Harris 3 Term Zerofilling Factor 2 Table C 1 Default parameter settings ...

Страница 205: ...205 Bruker Optik GmbH IFS 125M User Manual D Dimensional Drawings Figure D 1 IFS 125M Isometric view short version Figure D 2 IFS 125M Isometric view long version ...

Страница 206: ...ser Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Dimensional Drawings D 380 240 255 Figure D 3 IFS 125M Front view 410 382 328 Figure D 4 IFS 125M Left side view short version 328 382 410 Figure D 5 IFS 125M Left side view long version ...

Страница 207: ...Bruker Optik GmbH IFS 125M User Manual Dimensional Drawings D 270 868 805 732 649 1368 1435 Figure D 6 IFS 125M Top view short version 670 735 2088 2155 277 807 875 Figure D 7 IFS 125M Top view long version ...

Страница 208: ...208 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Dimensional Drawings D ...

Страница 209: ...es only Typically firmware updates are delivered on CD or by e mail The delivered firmware update performs all the actions required to properly substitute the existing firmware ver sion i Before the firmware update restoration or initialization starts backup copies of the pre vious firmware version are generated automatically and stored in the Backup program folder E 1 Firmware update on CD 1 Star...

Страница 210: ...pec trometer is directly integrated into a network it must have a different IP address In this case use the IP address labeled on the front side of the mobile electronics unit The operating company is obliged to write the IP address on the said label provided 2 Check whether the requested spectrometer is recognized by the firmware Click the Beep button If the spectrometer beeps three times in rapi...

Страница 211: ...inished If the firmware update has finished the FCONF program resets the spectrome ter The log window reads Resetting the spectrometer done After a successful spectrometer initialization the firmware version is displayed in the log window 3 Activate Update firmware option but ton Click the Next button 4 Either accept the default directory setting or define a different path by clicking the Browse b...

Страница 212: ...ersion Previous run folder By default this directory is displayed automatically iIf you click the View Log button a log window is displayed The window contains detailed information about the last update including errors warnings or other irregularities Click the Next button 3 Specify a directory for the backup files generated i It is recommended to accept the directory set by the FCONF pro gram Cl...

Страница 213: ...e the Backup current firmware option button Click the Next button 2 Specify a directory for the backup files generated i It is recommended to accept the directory set by the FCONF pro gram Click the Next button 3 In the next dialog click the Finish button The backup starts Table B 3 Backup current firmware version ...

Страница 214: ...214 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Firmware Update E ...

Страница 215: ...ght for which all flux lines are parallel Cross over cable The cross over cable includes a RJ45 plug on each cable end In one plug however the pairs leading the signal are swapped crossed That means one plug swaps the transmission data with the received data to enable data exchange when one ter minal device is directly connected to another If the transmis sion and received data were not swapped at...

Страница 216: ...l parameter Any kind of time restricted vibration process even in the form of a sinusoid always represents an overlapping of several fre quencies FT IR The Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy is a method to obtain infrared spectra of a sample using an interferometer A Fourier transform is performed on the resulting interferogram to calculate the spectrum In case of an FT IR spectrometer infrar...

Страница 217: ... interferences that means overlap pings of light waves Inside the interferometer a light beam is splitted into two light waves beams by the beam splitter These two light waves pass through optical paths of different lengths are reflected by additional mirros and finally recom bined If you change the optical path of one of the two light waves e g by moving one mirror the phases of the two light wav...

Страница 218: ...incident on the surface It is the percentage or part of the incident light 100 which an object reflects again Reflection In case of reflection light incidents on a sample and is con verted to radiation energy This kind of energy is subsequently reflected by the sample surface at a defined wavelength Relative humidity Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air which can be between 0 ...

Страница 219: ...n energy dispersed into its wavelength constituents or a two dimensional plot of radiation energy or radiation energy ratio versus wavelength It includes a set of absorption reflection or transmission values which have been measured by an IR spectrometer based on defined wavelengths The features in an infrared spectrum correlate with the pres ence of functional groups of molecules of a sample Subn...

Страница 220: ...hat means the number of waves per each centimeter Wavenumber cali bration The wavenumber calibration comprises the entirety of working steps to define the relation between the measured wavelength or wavenumber scale of the spectrometer and an absolute frequency scale As the measured wavenumber scale of an FT IR spectrometer is quite linear in principle only one calibra tion point is required In pr...

Страница 221: ...s html No responsiblility can be taken for the correctness of this information Subject to changes Asia Bruker Hong Kong Ltd Unit 509 5 F Tower II Enterprise Square No 9 Sheung Yuet Road Hong Kong Phone 852 2796 6100 Fax 852 2796 6109 www brukeroptics com hk brukeroptics com hk Europe Bruker Optik GmbH Rudolf Plank Str 27 76275 Ettlingen Germany Phone 49 7243 504 2020 2000 Fax 49 7243 504 2050 www ...

Страница 222: ...222 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Addresses G ...

Страница 223: ...ptional 17 Standard 17 Connection ports 181 Covers Remounting 77 Removing 73 Cross over cable 215 D Data acquisition 16 Data cable type 171 DB1 2 LED 183 DDC port 184 Delivery contents 17 Design 15 198 Detector 199 215 Changing 58 Cooling 55 57 Evacuating 87 89 Evacuation tools 88 Hoods 31 32 35 Room temperature 61 Troubleshooting 130 132 Types 35 Diagnostics pages 127 Dimension 197 Direct command...

Страница 224: ...Network address 176 Assigning 178 Standard configuration 176 NIR 218 O OMO LED 186 OMOT port 186 Operation Safety 43 Optical fiber cable 100 Fixture 100 Re inserting 112 Optical path 42 218 Optics 15 OPUS status light 125 Oscillograph Connecting 75 P Packaging 18 Panel Electronics 22 41 181 185 Flange 22 40 181 182 Laser 41 Power supply 41 181 194 Photometric accuracy 198 Ports 20 Input 38 Output ...

Страница 225: ... diagnostics page 158 Automation 155 Detector 156 Electronics 154 Laser 151 Scanner 153 Source 152 Spectrometer home page 143 Spectroscopy software Starting 46 Spectrum 219 SR SG LED 189 Subnet mask 219 SY LED 186 T Temperature 197 Troubleshooting 128 Temperature range 18 Temperature variations 19 TEST adapter PIN assignment 71 TEST Port 183 TKD LED 187 Transmission 219 Transmittance 219 Transport...

Страница 226: ...226 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH Index ...

Страница 227: ...227 Bruker Optik GmbH IFS 125M User Manual ...

Страница 228: ...228 IFS 125M User Manual Bruker Optik GmbH ...

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