Ethernet 1000BASE-X PCS/PMA or SGMII v9.1
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UG155 March 24, 2008
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Appendix C
Calculating the DCM Fixed Phase Shift
Value
Requirement for DCM Phase Shifting
A DCM is used in the clock path to meet the input setup and hold requirements when
using the core with a TBI (see
Chapter 6, “The Ten-Bit Interface”
) and with an external
GMII implementation in Spartan-3, Spartan-3E, Spartan-3A, Spartan-3AN and Spartan-3A
DSP devices (see
“Spartan-3, Spartan-3E and Spartan-3A Devices,” page 63
).
In these cases, a fixed phase shift offset is applied to the DCM to skew the clock. This will
initiate a static alignment by using the clock DCM to shift the internal version of the clock
so that its edges are centered on the data eye at the IOB DDR flip-flops. The ability to shift
the internal clock in small increments is critical for sampling high-speed source
synchronous signals such as TBI and GMII. For statically aligned systems, the DCM output
clock phase offset (as set by the phase shift value) is a critical part of the system, as is the
requirement that the PCB is designed with precise delay and impedance-matching for all
the GMII/TBI data bus and control signals.
Determine the best DCM setting (phase shift) to ensure that the target system has the
maximum system margin required to perform across voltage, temperature, and process
(multiple chips) variations. Testing the system to determine the best DCM phase shift
setting has the added advantage of providing a benchmark of the system margin based on
the UI (unit interval or bit time).
System margin is defined as:
System Margin (ps) = UI(ps) * (working phase shift range/128)
Finding the Ideal Phase Shift Value for Your System
Xilinx cannot recommend a singular phase shift value that is effective across all hardware
platforms. Xilinx does not recommend attempting to determine the phase shift setting
empirically. In addition to the clock-to-data phase relationship, other factors such as
package flight time (package skew) and clock routing delays (internal to the device) affect
the clock-to-data relationship at the sample point (in the IOB) and are difficult to
characterize.
Xilinx recommends extensive investigation of the phase shift setting during hardware
integration and debugging. The phase shift settings provided in the example design UCF is
a placeholder, and works successfully in back-annotated simulation of the example design.
Perform a complete sweep of phase shift settings during your initial system test. Use only
positive (0 to 255) phase shift settings, and use a test range that covers a range of no less
than 128, corresponding to a total 180 degrees of clock offset. This does not imply that 128
