Waters 2475, Operator'S Manual, Page: 7 / 228

Table of Contents vii
Copyright notice ................................................................................................... ii
Trademarks ............................................................................................................ ii
Customer comments ............................................................................................ iii
Contacting Waters ............................................................................................... iii
Safety considerations .......................................................................................... iii
Safety advisories ................................................................................................. iv
Operating this instrument ................................................................................. iv
Applicable symbols ............................................................................................. iv
Audience and purpose......................................................................................... iv
Intended use of the instrument........................................................................... v
Calibrating ........................................................................................................... v
Quality-control ..................................................................................................... v
ISM classification .................................................................................................. v
ISM Classification: ISM Group 1 Class B .......................................................... v
EC authorized representative ........................................................................... vi
1 Theory of Operation .............................................................................. 1-1
Fluorescence theory ......................................................................................... 1-2
Fluorescence detection .................................................................................... 1-3
Overview........................................................................................................... 1-3
Excitation sources............................................................................................ 1-3
Types of light sources ...................................................................................... 1-3
Excitation wavelength selection ..................................................................... 1-3
Exciting the sample ......................................................................................... 1-4
Flow cell............................................................................................................ 1-4
Measuring fluorescence .................................................................................. 1-4
Quantitation..................................................................................................... 1-4
Emission wavelength selection ....................................................................... 1-4
Table of Contents