Electrical
5
Basics of electricity
In order to diagnosis any electrical system there are few things the technician must understand:
•
Basic electrical values: voltage, current and resistance
•
Ohm’s law.
•
Kirchhoff’s current law.
•
Kirchhoff’s voltage law.
•
How the system is wired together.
The first electrical value to be discussed is Voltage.
•
Voltage is the “pressure” that electricity has. It is the amount of force pushing electrons through a circuit.
•
This pressure is measured in volts.
•
The capital letter “V” is used to represent volts.
The second electrical value is Current:
•
Current is the “flow” of electricity. It is the amount of electrons flowing in circuit.
•
The flow of current is measured in Amperes or Amps for short.
•
The capital letter “I” is used to represent Amps.
The third and final value is Resistance:
•
Resistance is the opposition to current flow. It is a restriction that slows down the flow of current.
•
Resistance is measured in Ohm’s.
•
The greek letter omega “
Ω
”
or the capital letter “R” is used to represent Ohm’s.
Ohm’s law
Ohm’s law states that voltage is the product of resis-
tance times current. It is written as V=I x R. An example of
how ohm’s law works goes like this: It takes 12 volt to push
2 amp through a resistance of 6 ohm (12=2 x 6). Ohm’s
law can be drawn in a triangle. When using the triangle,
cover the value to be found, and the two values left
exposed signify how to obtain that value. See Figure 2.1.
As an example if the “R” is covered, the “V” is over the
“I” which means V is divided by I. If the “V” is covered, “I”
and “R” is exposed, meaning IxR and so on.
Figure 2.1
V
I
R
CHAPTER 2: ELECTRICAL
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