Snow Flurry 1400
6
Kirchhoff’s current law
Kirchhoff’s current law deals with nodes. Nodes are
the junction of two or more wires or the junction of a wire to
a component. Kirchhoff’s current law states that what ever
current goes into a node must come out.
As an example: Three wires are connected with a wire
nut. one wire has 5 amps going into the wire nut. The sum
of the current coming out of the other two wires must equal
5 amps. That could be 3 amps in one wire and 2 amps in
the other or it could be 2.5 amps in each wire, but the total
must be the same as the current coming in.
See Figure 2.2.
Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Kirchhoff’s voltage law deals with voltage drops. A voltage drop is the amount of voltage used up or “dropped” by a
resistance in the circuit. Ohm’s law stated that V = IxR, every component in a circuit has resistance, even the wires.
To push current through a resistance, it takes voltage. Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that the sum of all the voltage
drops equals the source voltage.
An example: a circuit has a battery of 12V, a light bulb that creates 3 ohms of resistance and there is 4 amps of cur-
rent in the circuit. The wires are assumed to have 0 ohms, if the proper size wire is used and there is no corrosion in
the wire, the resistance will be too small to worry about. The light bulb uses 12 volts (4 amps x 3 ohms = 12 volts).
The battery has 12 volts that equals the 12 volts used by the light bulb.
AC electricity
AC electricity is used to provide electricity to homes
and businesses because it can be easily transmitted over
long distances. Some household products can run on
straight AC power while most will convert it to a usable DC
form internally.
AC or alternating current is a current or voltage value
that varies with time and has an average value of zero. If
the current or voltage is observed using an oscilloscope,
the waveform will look like a sine wave. This means it will
be positive for awhile then it will be negative for awhile.
The time spent positive will equal the time spent negative.
Since it spends just as much time positive as negative, the
positive values cancel out the negative values leaving an
average value of zero. See Figure 2.3.
Since AC varies with time, the time or phase angle of
the waveform is needed to compute voltage and current.
This manual will not go into how to do this. AC is only men-
tioned here as a reference.
Figure 2.2
5 Amps
3 Amps
2 Amps
Node
Figure 2.3
AC wave form
1 Cycle
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