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Summary of Contents for 54620A

Page 1: ...uct information on the Agilent Test Measurement website www tm agilent com HP References in this Manual This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett Packard Please note that Hewlett Packard s former test and measurement semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies We have made no changes to this manual copy In other documentation to reduce pot...

Page 2: ... Number 54620 97011 October 1995 pdf version Dec 1998 For Safety Information Warranties and Regulatory information see the pages behind the Index Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1994 1995 All Rights Reserved HP 54620A C Logic Analyzer ...

Page 3: ...ed mode and delay allow zooming in to show a portion of waveform in detail split screen Storage Keys begin and end data acquisition Run Stop starts and stops continuous acquisitions Single performs one acquisition Autostore accumulates and displays the results of multiple acquisitions like persistence on an oscilloscope Erase clears the current acquisition and all accumulated data Trigger Keys def...

Page 4: ...n 5 ns 1 s 15 0 Time Div Run Stop Dual channel Display Setup Mode Single Cursors Print Utility Auto store Erase Select ov Trigger out Delay Position On Off Main Delayed 1 MQ 40 V Max Ext trigger in Trigger Keys Display Channel Controls General Controls Horizontal Controls Storage Keys Softkeys Brightness Control for HP 54620A only Power Trigger Input Output Channel Inputs Micro grabbers 3 ...

Page 5: ...ystem After you have made a few measurements with the HP 54620A C it is a good idea to read this chapter Chapter 5 Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer explains how to test the HP 54620A C to ensure that it operates correctly The chapter also shows how adjust and troubleshoot the analyzer Chapter 6 Replaceable Parts explains how to remove and replace the various assemblies in t...

Page 6: ... Measurements 2 Solving Problems 3 Ensuring Accurate Measurements 4 Glossary Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer 5 Replaceable Parts 6 Performance Characteristics 7 Messages 8 Getting Started 1 Index 5 ...

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Page 8: ...5 Learn the front panel 35 To probe a circuit 42 To set up an acquisition using Autoscale 44 To start and stop an acquisition 46 To define a simple edge trigger 47 To adjust the time base sweep speed 48 To turn channels on and off 49 To rearrange the channels 50 2 Making Analyzer Measurements Setting Logic Levels 53 To change the logic threshold for input signals 54 Controlling Data Acquisition 55...

Page 9: ...ata with delayed sweep 80 To show both main and delayed sweep displays 82 To change the time reference position 83 To pan the display 86 To modify the graticule 87 To print the display 88 Measuring Waveform Data 89 Ways to measure data 89 To use the cursors 94 To measure waveform parameters on a single channel 96 To measure channel to channel delay 98 To measure setup time 100 To measure hold time...

Page 10: ... there is no trace display 123 If the trace display is unusual or unexpected 124 If you can t see a channel 125 4 Ensuring Accurate Measurements Time base and Acquisition 129 Probing the Circuit Under Test 139 Glitch Detection 143 5 Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer Testing the Analyzer 151 To perform self tests 152 To test the keyboard 153 To test the display 154 To test the acqu...

Page 11: ...holds 172 Testing Time Interval Accuracy 173 Step 1 To connect the logic analyzer 174 Step 2 To set up the equipment 175 Step 3 To set up the logic analyzer 176 Step 4 To make the measurement 177 6 Replaceable Parts Removing and Replacing Assemblies 181 To remove the cabinet 182 To remove the fan 183 To remove the front panel 184 To remove the display 185 To remove the system board 186 To remove t...

Page 12: ...7 Performance Characteristics 8 Messages Messages 209 Glossary 217 Index 225 HP 54620 Documentation 239 Contents 11 ...

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Page 14: ... Figure 15 Advanced Trigger Softkeys for Operators with Two Sources 69 Figure 16 Acquisition Memory 70 Figure 17 Pulse Train with Constant Duration Pulse 77 Figure 18 Sequential Output from State Machine 77 Figure 19 System Failure on Third Keystroke 78 Figure 20 Delayed Sweep 81 Figure 21 Time Reference at Center Delay of 15 µs on Main Sweep 84 Figure 22 Delayed Sweep with Delay of 8 µs 85 Figure...

Page 15: ...valent Circuit 140 Figure 44 Impedance versus Frequency for Both Probe Circuit Models 140 Figure 45 Common Mode Input Voltage Model 141 Figure 46 Glitch Display 144 Figure 47 Aliasing 144 Figure 48 Reconstruction of Waveform with Glitch Capture 145 Figure 49 Waveform Display with Sampling Rate Too Low 146 Figure 50 Waveform Display with Sufficient Sampling Rate 147 Figure 51 Data Output Relative t...

Page 16: ...t Required Troubleshooting Logic Analyzer 164 Table 12 Display Signals 166 Table 13 Equipment Required Testing Threshold Accuracy 169 Table 14 Threshold Test Settings 172 Table 15 Equipment Required Testing Time Interval Accuracy 173 Table 16 HP 54620A C Replaceable Parts 193 Table 17 Input channels 197 Table 18 Horizontal System 198 Table 19 Acquisition System 199 Table 20 Trigger System 200 Tabl...

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Page 18: ...1 Getting Started ...

Page 19: ...channel inputs by connecting the data probes to the appropriate signal and ground nodes in the circuit under test Define the trigger condition by setting the analyzer configuration to capture only the system events you wish to view Use the analyzer to acquire data either in continuous or single shot fashion Examine the data and make measurements on it using various analyzer features Save the measu...

Page 20: ...Using the Logic Analyzer Figure 1 Getting Started 19 ...

Page 21: ...cification See the figure below Refining the Trigger Specification This chapter discusses analyzer preparation and probe setup and contains a general introduction to trigger definition and data acquisition For more information on triggering data acquisition data examination and measurement and configuration see chapter 2 Making Analyzer Measurements Figure 1A Getting Started 20 ...

Page 22: ...zer 2 Connect the analyzer to power and switch it on 3 Connect the probe cable to the analyzer and connect probes to the circuit of interest You can use the front panel calibration test point as a stimulus while learning to use the analyzer The following pages show you how to do each of these tasks After you have completed them you will be ready to use the analyzer 21 ...

Page 23: ...d contact the carrier then contact the nearest Hewlett Packard Sales Office HP 54620A C Logic Analyzer Power cord see table 1 HP 54620 61801 16 channel probe cable HP 5090 4356 grabbers in resealable plastic bag quantity 20 HP 5959 9334 2 ground lead set quantity 5 HP 54620A C User s Guide HP 54620A C Programmer s Guide HP 54620A C Programmer s Reference 3 5 diskette Getting Started To check packa...

Page 24: ...4620A C Logic Analyzer HP 54620 61801 16 Channel Cable leads attached with labels HP 5959 9334 2 Ground Lead Set 5 HP 5090 4356 Grabber 20 HP 54620A C User s Guide HP 54620A C Programmer s Guide pkg cnts cdr HP 54620A C Programmer s Reference Figure 2 Getting Started To check package contents 23 ...

Page 25: ... circuit board with battery Option 104 HP 5041 9409 Carrying Case useful for protecting the instrument in shipment or when checked as airline baggage Option 106 HP 34801A BenchLink software for Microsoft Windows provides an interface to the instrument from any Windows compatible PC allowing the user to save and restore setups and capture measurements for further review Option 001 RS 03 Magnetic Sh...

Page 26: ...Optional Accessories for the HP 54620A C Logic Analyzer Figure 3 Getting Started To check optional accessories 25 ...

Page 27: ...79 200 Mint Gray Coco Brown Opt 906 Switzerland 250V 8120 2104 Straight SEV1011 79 200 Mint Gray Opt 912 Denmark 220V 8120 2957 Straight DHCK107 79 200 Mint Gray Opt 917 Africa 250V 8120 4600 Straight SABS164 79 200 Jade Gray Opt 918 Japan 100V 8120 4753 Straight Miti 90 230 Dark Gray Part number shown for plug is industry identifier for plug only Number shown for cable is HP part number for compl...

Page 28: ...tages in the range 100 to 240 VAC Therefore you do not need to adjust the input line voltage setting The line cord provided is matched by HP to the country of origin of order Ensure that you have the correct line cord See table 1 2 Press the power switch The HP 54620A C performs a self test then shows the display The instrument is ready to use Getting Started To power on the logic analyzer 27 ...

Page 29: ... the handle pivot points on each side of the instrument and pull the pivot out until it stops 2 Without releasing the pivots swivel the handle to the desired position Then release the pivots Getting Started To adjust the handle 28 ...

Page 30: ...ase display brightness rotate the brightness control clockwise The brightness control is at the lower left corner of the display See figure 4 HP 54620A Brightness Control The A model includes a brightness control There is no brightness control on the HP 54620C Figure 4 Getting Started To adjust display brightness 29 ...

Page 31: ... needs You can change from the Default palette to any of the following Alternate 1 works well for people who are colorblind The colors in Alternate 2 are compatible with those used in HP 545XX series oscilloscopes Alternate 3 sets the cursors to yellow Inverse 1 works well for hard copies Inverse 2 works well for overhead transparencies A Monochrome palette is also available In each palette differ...

Page 32: ...le the Show Meas keys and see the current measurement change between the cursor color and white 6 Press Autostore The autostored waveforms are displayed in blue when using the Default and Alternate color palettes and in cyan in the Inverse color palettes 7 Press Autostore to turn it off Then press Erase 8 Press Edge Look at the channel activity indicators The activity indicator for each channel is...

Page 33: ...yellow magenta green white white blue black cursors waveform1 waveform2 waveform3 waveform4 softkeys graticule autostore background Inverse 1 cyan red blue green magenta black black cyan white cursors waveform1 waveform2 waveform3 waveform4 softkeys graticule autostore background Alternate 2 cyan yellow green magenta red white white blue black cursors waveform1 waveform2 waveform3 waveform4 softke...

Page 34: ...els in a group are assigned the same color the softkey shows that color when you select it If the channels in the group vary in color the softkey is white 5 Press Next Color Continue to press this softkey to view the waveform colors currently available The channel group softkey appears in the selected color and the channels in the group if displayed on the screen also display in the selected color...

Page 35: ...re using these modules you can set the Destination to either Parallel or RS232 Because there are no color printers with an HP IB Interface the HP 54650A module is not recommended for color printing 2 Press Hardcopy Menu Then press Format until it displays HP DJColor This selects the HP DeskJet Color Printer format 3 Set the Destination to Parallel 4 Press Previous Menu Then press Print Screen The ...

Page 36: ...criptive labels to them and assign colors HP 54620C General Controls Includes various measurement functions configuration and measurement result save recall printing and autoscale functions Horizontal Controls Adjusts the time base horizontal mode and delayed sweep functions Storage Keys Controls start and stop of acquisition persistent acquisition and screen erasure Trigger Keys Sets up analyzer ...

Page 37: ...t Panel Trigger Keys Display Channel Controls General Controls Horizontal Controls Storage Keys Softkeys HP 54620C does not have display intensity Signal Inputs Trigger Input Output Figure 6 Getting Started Learn the front panel 36 ...

Page 38: ...20C has five control knobs it does not have an intensity control knob The Time Div knob changes the current time base setting sweep speed of the analyzer in Main or Delayed sweep The setting of the timebase affects sample rate and other analyzer functions as well See chapter 4 Ensuring Accurate Measurements for more information The Delay knob sets the delay time with respect to the time reference ...

Page 39: ...play Waveforms are in the center of the display Measurement results and messages are just below the waveform display area Softkey labels are along the bottom of the display Acquisition Indicator Trigger Condition Time Div Setting Delay Sampling interval Glitch mode Channel numbers Softkeys Channel labels Measurement field Waveform display area Memory bar Status Indicators Figure 7 Getting Started ...

Page 40: ...gger event from the initial time reference position Time Div shows the time base setting Time per division is variable from 5 ns div to 1 s div Trigger condition shows the current trigger mode For edge trigger mode it will also show the trigger condition If the last acquisition was initiated by pressing the Single key the letters Sngl appear in this position unless the last single acquisition was ...

Page 41: ...annels using the Label menu See Using Color in this chapter for more information about assigning colors to channels Waveform Display The waveform display area shows all acquisition results You can change the graticule or turn it off entirely using the Display menu See chapter 2 Making Analyzer Measurements When using the HP 54620C color logic analyzer the waveform display shows all activity and se...

Page 42: ...softkeys allow you to scroll through a list of choices such as channels or trigger operators You can scroll through the choices by pressing the softkey repeatedly For some softkeys you can use the Entry knob to scroll through the choices For channel lists you can always use the Select knob or Entry knob to scroll through the choices Occasionally a softkey label is displayed with two choices below ...

Page 43: ...nect a grabber to one of the probe leads Other probe leads are omitted from the figure for clarity 2 Connect the probe cable to the HP 54620A C The cable is indexed so you can connect it only one way You do not need to power off the HP 54620A C 5 For high speed signals connect a ground lead to the probe lead connect a grabber to the ground lead and attach the grabber to ground in the circuit under...

Page 44: ... to the analyzer ensuring accurate measurements See Probing the Circuit Under Test in chapter 4 for information on how probing affects measurement accuracy 8 If you need to remove a probe lead from the cable insert a paper clip or other small pointed object into the side of the cable assembly and push to release the latch while pulling out the probe lead Getting Started To probe a circuit 43 ...

Page 45: ...ault Setup softkey in the Setup menu Example Connect the probes for channels 0 1 2 and 3 to the calibration output on the front panel of the logic analyzer Set the analyzer to the factory default configuration by pressing Setup then Default Setup Then press Autoscale You should see a display similar to the following Notice that the default trigger condition is a rising edge trigger on channel 0 Sa...

Page 46: ...he analyzer does not find any channel with an active signal it restores the setup to the pre autoscale state Sweep speed is set to give an optimally scaled display of all the active channels Autoscaling attempts to find a Time div setting such that the slowest signal has between 1 and 3 periods displayed with no more than 125 periods of the fastest signal displayed If these criteria cannot be sati...

Page 47: ...ss the Run Stop key The analyzer stops acquiring data and the STOP indicator is shown in the upper right corner of the display If the analyzer was triggered even by auto triggering and the acquisition buffer is full the results are displayed on the screen If the acquisition buffer is not full the waveform display area will be blank See To define the trigger mode in chapter 2 for information on how...

Page 48: ...e a channel that is turned off as the source for the edge trigger 3 Press one of the Edge softkeys to choose whether the trigger will occur on the rising edge falling edge or either edge of the input signal Example Connect the probe for channel 0 to the front panel calibration test point Then set up a falling edge trigger on channel 0 You should see a stable display of the channel as shown below E...

Page 49: ...p speed setting affects other instrument operating parameters For example The sampling period is a function of the Time div setting but changes only when a new acquisition begins To avoid missing fast events or short pulses the analyzer automatically switches to glitch mode at all time base settings slower than 1 µs div The glitch mode indicator GL will appear in the status line In advanced trigge...

Page 50: ...n the On Off softkey menu is present To turn channels 0 through 7 on press On Off then press the On softkey under Chan 0 7 To turn channels 0 through 7 off press On Off then press the Off softkey under Chan 0 7 A corresponding set of On and Off softkeys is available for channels 8 through 15 The analyzer does not disable input for channels that are off It simply does not display those channels So ...

Page 51: ...e channel down turning the knob clockwise moves the channel up The combination of the Select and Move knobs gives you a feature similar to that of a waveform position control on an oscilloscope except that you can only move the waveform to certain discrete locations You can also change the general order in which channels are displayed Press On Off or Display then press Order to toggle between 0 15...

Page 52: ...2 Making Analyzer Measurements ...

Page 53: ...ple or complex trigger conditions as needed to capture only the sequence of events you want to examine Use delayed sweep to examine the waveforms of interest Make measurements on a single waveform or on one waveform with respect to another Trigger the analyzer from other instruments or use the analyzer to trigger other instruments Save the measurement for comparison with others or save the analyze...

Page 54: ... and the external trigger to an analog signal Then you can set the threshold voltages to the appropriate value for each group Logic Threshold Setup Selects the group of channels for which threshold will be set Choose from preset TTL CMOS or ECL thresholds or set a user defined threshold Shows the threshold for the selected family or sets a user defined threshold using the Entry knob When threshold...

Page 55: ...y knob while in this menu automatically sets the Threshold option to User 5 Repeat steps 2 through 4 for each group of channels for which you want to set the threshold You can exit the threshold setting menu by pressing any other front panel key The threshold voltage setting is used by the input comparators to determine whether an input signal is a logic low or logic high The settings for each opt...

Page 56: ...pter 1 Getting Started explains how to use the Run and Stop functions The others are explained in this section Auto Glitch Detect The HP 54620A C automatically enables Auto Glitch Detect upon powerup When the Auto Glitch Detect feature is enabled it puts the instrument in glitch detect mode at all sweep speeds of 1 µs div and slower where the sampling speed must be reduced thereby preventing alias...

Page 57: ...henever the waveform display is not as expected it might be an alias the result of undersampling Always try to use a sweep speed that produces a sampling interval that is at least 1 2 of the shortest time interval to be acquired To take a single acquisition Press Single The analyzer starts the acquisition system and begins searching for the trigger condition When the analyzer is in Autostore mode ...

Page 58: ...use of the instrument s full 8K memory to capture the waveform of interest This can be accomplished by selecting Auto Glitch Detect Disable mode In this mode you will have no indication that the waveform might be undersampled When Auto Glitch Detect is disabled aliasing can occur which produces misleading information for data reconstruction See Glitch Detection in chapter 4 The following display s...

Page 59: ... and the results of all previous acquisitions are displayed at half brightness The indicator STORE is displayed at the right end of the status line when Autostore is selected When the analyzer is in Autostore mode pressing Single adds the result of the new acquisition to the current display contents To turn off Autostore while in Run mode press Autostore again To erase the waveform display Press E...

Page 60: ...n the system under test To turn the label display on or off To display channel labels press Label then press the Labels softkey until On is highlighted To turn off channel labels display press Label then press the Labels softkey until Off is highlighted To toggle the channel labels display press Label repeatedly until the labels are on or off as desired The following figure shows the HP 54620C col...

Page 61: ...then through the character list You can also define custom labels The label list includes all predefined labels and custom labels you have defined unless it is re initialized See To define a new label 5 Press the Copy softkey The selected label is transferred to the entry field 6 Press the Assign Label softkey The label is assigned to the selected channel Label display is automatically enabled whe...

Page 62: ...assign the label to the channel Shows what will be put in the entry field when you press Copy Press to delete the character at the cursor in the entry field Press to insert a space in the entry field at the cursor Press to copy the selected label character to the entry field Press to move the cursor through the entry field The entry field shows you what will be assigned to the channel Figure 12 Ma...

Page 63: ...ition in the entry field corresponds to the point where you want to replace a character b Enter or delete a character To enter a character use the Entry Knob to choose a character from the character list Then press the Copy softkey To insert a space press the Insert Space softkey To delete the current character press the Delete Character softkey Delete Character deletes the character under the cur...

Page 64: ...save duplicate labels nor does it save multiple labels that differ by at most two trailing numeric characters The label list is non volatile Thus after you use the label list for awhile your labels will predominate making it easier to customize the analyzer display for your needs When you first begin using the analyzer there are seven blank entries at the beginning of the label list As you define ...

Page 65: ...press Yes again to initiate the operation To cancel the operation press the No softkey When you first begin using the analyzer there are seven blank entries at the beginning of the label list As you define custom labels these spaces are filled One blank space is always retained to allow entry of a new label When you initialize the label list all of your custom labels will be cleared Making Analyze...

Page 66: ...soon as you press Run Stop Single or Autostore If the analyzer is in Run mode when you change a triggering specification it immediately begins a new acquisition using the new trigger definition Edge Trigger In edge trigger you define a single rising or falling edge or either that must be recognized on an input channel to satisfy the trigger condition Edge trigger is best when there is a unique wav...

Page 67: ... is less useful when the same pattern occurs many times and most of those occurrences have little to do with the events you wish to capture For example suppose that this same state machine generates hundreds of states and the state C occurs several times in the sequence with a different sequence of states after each occurrence A pattern trigger will not provide a stable waveform display The patter...

Page 68: ...t to capture are defined by the nth occurrence of an edge by a pattern with a certain minimum duration or by a pattern followed by another pattern Advanced trigger gives you this and more Figure 14 shows an advanced trigger setup with the overview display turned on The display shows a pattern duration trigger Choose the channel for which you will set the level or edge required Set the required lev...

Page 69: ...re for binary operators you select the second source and define pattern or edge requirements Toggles the trigger overview window Shows the first source selection Shows the currently selected source operator Shows the second source selection valid only with operators requiring two sources Shows the current definitions of all pattern and edge terms and input activity Figure 14 Making Analyzer Measur...

Page 70: ...vanced trigger Logical Combination within Terms In the pattern trigger all settings within the pattern are logically ANDed that is all conditions on the pattern and the edge if specified must be satisfied before the analyzer will trigger In the advanced trigger settings within pattern terms are logically ANDed Settings within edge terms are logically ORed This is only important for the Edge 2 term...

Page 71: ...e pre trigger buffer with data As soon as that buffer is full the analyzer will begin searching for the trigger event and will flash the trigger condition indicator on the status line to indicate it is doing so While searching for the trigger the analyzer overflows the pre trigger buffer with the first data put into the buffer being the first pushed out FIFO When the trigger event is found the ana...

Page 72: ...500 ms div If the trigger condition always occurs before the analyzer has filled the pre trigger buffer the trigger will not be found Some measurements you want to make will require you to take some action in the circuit under test to cause the trigger event Usually these are single shot acquisitions where you will use the Single key If you use Normal mode and wait for the trigger condition indica...

Page 73: ...a channel that is turned off as the source for the edge trigger 3 Press one of the Edge softkeys to choose whether the trigger will occur on the rising edge falling edge or both edges of the input signal Rotating Select Knob does not Affect Trigger Channel Continuously rotating the Select knob will not affect the channel used for the trigger condition after the Edge softkey has been pressed to set...

Page 74: ...rn If you define an edge term then select a different channel in the pattern and define another edge term the previous edge definition is changed to a don t care Source Definitions for Simple Pattern Trigger Affect Advanced Trigger The source definitions for the simple pattern trigger are shared with the Pattern 1 and Edge 1 source definitions of the advanced trigger specification Thus changes to ...

Page 75: ...e softkey or turn the Entry knob to set the number of occurrences You can reset the number of occurrences to 1 by pressing the Minimum Occurrence softkey 5 Choose the source s for the trigger operator by pressing the leftmost softkey under each Source heading until the desired source is highlighted Table 3 lists the sources and the operators with which they can be used Note that the analyzer will ...

Page 76: ...le 4 Trigger Operators and Sources Operator of Sources Valid Sources Duration One Pat_1 Not Pat_1 Pat_2 Not Pat_2 Occurs One Edge1 Edge2 Pat_1 AND Edge1 Pat_2 AND Edge2 Entered Exited One Pat_1 Not Pat_1 Pat_2 Not Pat_2 AND OR Then Two Pat_1 Not Pat_1 Pat_2 Not Pat_2 Edge1 Edge2 Pat_1 AND Edge1 Pat_2 AND Edge2 In the table entered means that the trigger qualifier is satisfied as soon as the input ...

Page 77: ...n sequence of waveform events to which you can apply the advanced trigger capabilities of the HP 54620A C To find these events you can ask a series of questions about the waveform keeping in mind the capabilities of the analyzer Does the input data always repeat with respect to a particular waveform s high or low period of constant duration Is there a sequence of waveform events that define the da...

Page 78: ...xample Suppose you have a state machine whose three outputs Q0 through Q2 output the decimal sequence 0 1 6 0 6 1 Q2 is the most significant bit See figure 18 Sequential Output from State Machine If you try to trigger on any of the single output patterns 0 1 or 6 the display will not be stable However you can use the Then operator to trigger on the sequence of pattern 0 followed by pattern 1 If Q2...

Page 79: ...tion is active when both these lines are high then figure 19 represents a combination of events leading to the failure condition System Failure on Third Keystroke If input lines M1 M0 and SWITCH are connected to input channels 2 1 and 0 respectively the following trigger configuration will trigger the analyzer when the failure condition occurs The occurrence count is incremented each time the edge...

Page 80: ...hree times with the pattern valid each time before the trigger will occur Pattern 1 and Edge 1 are Shared Sources The source definitions for Pattern 1 and Edge 1 are shared with the pattern trigger specification Thus changes here will affect that specification and changes to the simple pattern trigger specification will affect the definitions of Pattern 1 and Edge 1 Defining patterns for a pattern...

Page 81: ...nts of sample memory Using the delayed sweep you can zoom in on a portion of the waveform and examine it in greater detail Figure 20 shows a display with delayed sweep Because delayed sweep magnifies the contents of sample memory the data used by both main and delayed sweep windows was acquired on a single acquisition and they both correspond to the same trigger event Using the delay setting you c...

Page 82: ...4650A HP IB or HP 54651A or HP 54652A B RS 232 These printouts can be used for analysis publication test reports and so on Delayed sweep indicator Time Div for delayed sweep Time Div for main sweep These markers define the beginning and end of the delayed sweep window Here the time reference is set to left the delay is 0 Select either main or delayed sweep Increase the number of Time Div settings ...

Page 83: ...tlining a window in the upper half The Time Div setting for the delayed sweep is independent of the main sweep except that it can be no slower than twice the speed of the main sweep It is adjusted using the Time Div knob Figure 20 shows the Time Div indicator for the delayed sweep If you need to change the Time Div for the main sweep you must change back to Main before using the Time Div knob Maki...

Page 84: ... the Right softkey The time reference indicator will be one division in from the right side of the display The trigger event will be at the same location unless the delay is set to a value other than 0 The time reference position sets the initial position of the trigger event within acquisition memory and on the display with delay set to 0 The delay setting sets the specific location of the trigge...

Page 85: ...d from the trigger to the right hand edge of the delay window Figure 21 shows the time reference position set to Center with horizontal mode set to Main and a delay setting of 15 µs Thus the trigger position is just slightly before the middle of acquisition memory Time Reference at Center Delay of 15 µs on Main Sweep Solid triangle shows the trigger position Empty triangle marks the point on the d...

Page 86: ... in this figure and is not adjustable with the delay knob while the delayed sweep is active In both the main and delayed sweep the hollowed triangle indicates the part of the waveform that is delayed by the respective value from the trigger event Delayed Sweep with Delay of 8 µs Empty triangle in main sweep shows the part of the waveform that is delayed 15 µs from the trigger The trigger position ...

Page 87: ...is negative the time reference point represents the beginning of the delay time Subsequent acquisitions are adjusted to capture sufficient data to fill the Main display the delayed window is limited to that data available in the Main display See To change the time reference position in this chapter Also see Time base and Acquisition in chapter 4 for more information about the function of the Delay...

Page 88: ...ated by a full height dotted line through the waveform display None has only a border around the waveform display area Frame has a set of hash marks along the top and bottom of the display only Major divisions are indicated by longer hash marks Each major division in the graticule corresponds to the time given by the Time Div setting shown to the right of the delay value on the display Making Anal...

Page 89: ...t display is copied to the attached printer You can stop printing by pressing the Cancel Print softkey See the documentation for the interface module for information on installing and configuring module interface parameters Making Analyzer Measurements To print the display 88 ...

Page 90: ...easure data Cursors The cursors provide a manual way to measure either time between particular points on the display usually associated with waveform events or the numeric value of the currently displayed waveforms Two cursors t1 and t2 are available You position these cursors with the Entry knob and read the results in time or value from the measurement field 89 ...

Page 91: ...measurement field as 28 50 µs Measuring the Period of an Irregular Waveform Set which cursor is controlled by the Entry knob press both to move cursors simultaneously Choose the form of readout of cursor position Turn off cursors on the display the menu remains Cursor t1 Cursor t2 Figure 23 Making Analyzer Measurements Ways to measure data 90 ...

Page 92: ...e values based on the definition of the measurement Figure 24 shows frequency period and duty cycle measurements on channel 3 of the input Single Channel Measurements Select the waveform to be measured using the softkey or the Select or Entry knobs Choose the measurement to be made Access the positive and negative width measurements and the Show Measurements On Off softkey Erases the measurement f...

Page 93: ...splayed waveform from the left side of the screen to the right until it finds a set of edges that can be used to make the measurement Thus you can only measure things that are displayed except that Autostore data cannot be measured Parts of the waveform not on screen cannot be measured Returns to the main dual channel measurement menu Select the end channel and edge Select the start channel and ed...

Page 94: ...eld will show either or instead of if a glitch was used to calculate the results In Delayed mode if the analyzer can find a set of edges within the delayed sweep window that will satisfy the measurement criteria then those edges are used for the measurement Otherwise edges both inside and outside the window are used to make the measurement Thus you can use delayed sweep to window a specific part o...

Page 95: ...measurement will not achieve the desired results You can position the t1 and t2 cursors anywhere on the visible display and see the time from trigger t between the cursors and the frequency represented by 1 t in the message line of the display If you want to turn off the cursors press the Clear Cursors softkey When a Single Channel Measurement Will Not Work If the input waveform has an irregular p...

Page 96: ... is MSB at cursor t2 plus edge information where applicable Hex hex t1 Hexadecimal value of channels that are on in the order they are displayed at cursor t1 plus edge information where applicable The MSB is the channel at the top of the display If any edges are found the character is displayed as an up arrow down arrow or double arrow for rising falling or both edges respectively Gather hexadecim...

Page 97: ...e Width softkey The negative width of a waveform is the time for which that waveform is low logic 0 The selected measurement appears in the measurement field of the display The measurement field shows a maximum of three measurements If you select additional measurements beyond those three the left hand measurement is deleted and others are moved left to make room for the new measurement If you sel...

Page 98: ... the analyzer measures the time between the first set of transitions that begin and end a logic low from the left side of the visible display To show the parameters of the most recent measurement which is the rightmost one in the measurement results line press the Show Meas softkey until On is highlighted The analyzer will activate the cursors to show which transitions were selected for that measu...

Page 99: ...start channel by using the Entry knob or Select knob or by repeatedly pressing the leftmost Channel softkey 5 Select whether the measurement should be referenced to the rising or falling edge of the start signal by pressing the leftmost Edge softkey to highlight the rising or falling edge symbol 6 Press the rightmost Channel softkey to highlight the end channel The end channel is the channel for w...

Page 100: ...asures the time between the first transition of the selected type rising or falling on the start channel and the first transition of the selected type rising or falling on the end channel When looking for the transition on the start channel the analyzer begins at the left side of the visible display So if the correct transition is found first on the start channel the result will be positive otherw...

Page 101: ... transition on the clock channel 6 Select the clock channel by using the Entry knob or Select knob or by repeatedly pressing the Clock softkey 7 Select whether the measurement should be referenced to the rising or falling edge of the clock signal by pressing the Edge softkey to highlight the positive or negative edge symbol You must select the desired channels and clock edge before pressing the Me...

Page 102: ...play shows a setup time measurement where the data channel is channel 1 and the clock channel is channel 0 Setup Time Measurement Clock transition Data transition Figure 27 Making Analyzer Measurements To measure setup time 101 ...

Page 103: ...k signal by pressing the Edge softkey to highlight the positive or negative edge symbol 6 Press the Data softkey to highlight the data channel The data channel is the channel for which you want to measure hold time 7 Select the data channel by using the Entry knob or Select knob or by repeatedly pressing the Data softkey You must select the desired channels and clock edge before pressing the Meas ...

Page 104: ...splay shows a hold time measurement where the clock channel is channel 0 and the data channel is channel 1 Hold Time Measurement Clock transition Data transition Figure 28 Making Analyzer Measurements To measure hold time 103 ...

Page 105: ...rument or another signal in the circuit under test In the first case you may be using the capability of the other instrument to help qualify the trigger condition before triggering the analyzer In the second case you may simply need a 17th channel or need to trigger from an analog signal where the inputs are not directly appropriate for analyzer input but which can be input safely using a 10 1 div...

Page 106: ... route the signal to the external trigger input Connections for External Trigger from an Emulator Measure time Save Recall Entry LOGIC ANALYZER 54620A 16 CHANNEL 500 MSa s STORAGE TRIGGER HORIZONTAL CHANNEL INPUTS Line Time Div Select Trigger out Delay Position Ext trigger in GND GND GN D GN D Vectra Figure 29 Making Analyzer Measurements Extending trigger capabilities 105 ...

Page 107: ...ess than the 500 mV required swing about the threshold voltage For example if the input signal is 3 V and you use a 10 1 divider probe the input swing will be 300 mV which is insufficient The waveform present at the external trigger input cannot be displayed Measure time Save Recall Entry LOGIC ANALYZER 54620A 16 CHANNEL 500 MSa s STORAGE TRIGGER HORIZONTAL CHANNEL INPUTS Line Time Div Select Trig...

Page 108: ...tion of the trigger output by pressing the Run Stop key to stop acquisition You can also use the trigger output for single shot events When you press the Single key the analyzer will drive the trigger output high when the trigger condition is found The trigger output will not go low again until another acquisition begins the signal is driven low while the analyzer searches for the trigger conditio...

Page 109: ...g the external trigger input as part of the specification The external trigger input is labeled as Ext in the pattern and is selectable with either the Select knob or the Entry knob during pattern or edge definition See To define an edge trigger To define a pattern trigger or To define an advanced trigger The external trigger input is useful when it is not practical to completely qualify the desir...

Page 110: ...n on External Trigger The above example uses a 10 1 divider probe because of the large swing of the analog signal But consider the situation where the analog signal swing is 0 to 4 V The 10 1 divider will reduce this to a 400 mV swing However the minimum input swing required by the analyzer is 500 mV about the threshold Thus the analyzer input will not reliably recognize the signal transitions The...

Page 111: ...estion 4 Start an acquisition on the HP 54620A C by pressing Run Single or Autostore As the HP 54620A C finds its trigger condition it pulses the trigger output signal Stop Acquisition to Increase Trigger Output Rate While in Run mode the HP 54620A C can only generate trigger outputs as fast as it can acquire the data and update the waveform display This is normally fast enough to trigger digital ...

Page 112: ...om trace memory the setup is saved with the waveform and can be independently recalled The two setup memories associated with the trace memories are independent of the 16 regular setup memories The normal application for trace memory is quick comparison of measurement results For example you might make a measurement on a known good system save the result in trace memory then make the same measurem...

Page 113: ...eparate tests are used You can predefine the test configurations and save them in setup memories 1 10 You might also record the expected results as part of field test documentation Then a field service engineer can take the instrument connect it to a customer system recall each setup in turn and compare the results to the expected results This will save test time and will increase accuracy because...

Page 114: ... the setup memory softkey menu Setup Memory Choose memory 1 16 with the Entry knob or softkey Save or restore the configuration from the selected memory Reverse the effects of the last autoscale Restore the instrument to factory default configuration except the label list Figure 34 Making Analyzer Measurements Using memories to save and recall configurations 113 ...

Page 115: ...can save the waveform 3 Press Save to Mem to save the currently displayed waveform Save to Mem will appear as either Save to Mem1 or Save to Mem2 depending on the pixel memory you selected in step 2 The analyzer saves the current trace waveform display and the instrument setup in the selected memory Making Analyzer Measurements To save a trace waveform 114 ...

Page 116: ...hen the waveform was stored press Recall Setup The Recall Setup softkey will be either Recall Mem1 Setup or Recall Mem2 Setup depending on the memory chosen in step 2 To recall only the stored waveform press the Trace Mem softkey until On is highlighted Trace Mem will be either Trace Mem1 or Trace Mem2 depending on which memory was chosen in step 2 You can turn off the memory by pressing the Trace...

Page 117: ... Mem softkey Clear Mem will be either Clear Mem1 or Clear Mem2 depending on which memory you selected in Step 2 The waveform is cleared from the selected trace memory However the setup information is not cleared from that memory So if you press Recall Setup after pressing Clear Mem the setup in effect at the time that memory was saved is restored Making Analyzer Measurements To clear a previously ...

Page 118: ...red 1 through 16 3 Press the Save softkey The current measurement configuration is stored in the specified memory Because the setup memories are non volatile they are convenient for storing test configurations that you might use repeatedly in different field test and repair situations The analyzer also stores the label settings in the setup Making Analyzer Measurements To save the instrument setup...

Page 119: ...le the leftmost key under the Setup Memory banner You can store and recall sixteen different setups 3 Press the Recall softkey The measurement configuration of the instrument is set based on the information stored in the specified memory Making Analyzer Measurements To recall the instrument setup 118 ...

Page 120: ... to full Autostore Off Time base Time reference center main not delayed sweep vernier off main and delay value 0 100 µs div main time base 500 ns div delayed time base sample period 800 ns Display Default color palette selected for HP 54620C Channels All channels on channel 0 selected order 0 15 Labels Labels on labels CH00 CH01 Threshold TTL 1 5 V for all channels and external trigger input chann...

Page 121: ...120 ...

Page 122: ...3 Solving Problems ...

Page 123: ...cribes possible solutions if you encounter problems while making measurements with the instrument If you need to verify instrument functionality and performance refer to chapter 5 Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer 122 ...

Page 124: ... grabbers are securely connected to the nodes of the circuit under test Check that the circuit under test is powered on Press Autoscale If the activity indicators do not show any activity on any input channels the circuit under test may be powered off inactive or malfunctioning Reset the logic analyzer To reset the analyzer without initializing the label list press and hold any front panel key exc...

Page 125: ...ion on probing considerations Check that the threshold setting for the analyzer inputs is correct for the logic family in use in the circuit under test If the activity display does not show the channel toggling either there is no signal or the threshold setting is incorrect Very slow signals will not show a double arrow for activity instead the dash will switch from low to high or vice versa whene...

Page 126: ...ve ensures that the signals from the circuit under test are seen by the analyzer Check that the threshold setting for the analyzer inputs is correct for the logic family in use in the circuit under test If there is no activity on the channel activity indicators the ground lead may not be connected the threshold setting may be incorrect or there may be no activity on that signal in the circuit unde...

Page 127: ...126 ...

Page 128: ...4 Ensuring Accurate Measurements ...

Page 129: ...pts that will help you make better measurements It discusses the relationship between the time base setting and other time dependent analyzer functions explains how to achieve the most accurate signal fidelity through good probing practices and describes how glitch detection works 128 ...

Page 130: ...period such as duration trigger are therefore affected when the time base setting is changed Consider what would happen if the sample period were not varied with respect to the time base setting If the sample period remained constant at 2 ns at 1 s div the waveform would occupy a little over 16 µs for 8 Ksamples Thus it would not be visible on the screen because 16 µs is only a small fraction of a...

Page 131: ...20 ms 160 µs 40 µs 20 µs 160 ns 40 ns 20 ns 2 ns 2 ns 10 ms 80 µs 16 µs 10 µs 80 ns 16 ns 10 ns 2 ns 2 ns 5 ns 2 ns 2 ns Acquisition Memory At sweep speeds from 1 s div to 1 µs div the analyzer has acquisition memory that is 16 bits wide and 2048 samples deep and automatic glitch detection is enabled Part of the analyzer memory is consumed by automatic glitch detection circuitry When the sweep spe...

Page 132: ...etting but is never less than 40 ms If no trigger is found the analyzer forces a trigger and displays the data as though a trigger occurred The subsequent behavior depends on whether the acquisition was initiated by pressing Single or Run Single the analyzer will fill acquisition memory stop and display the results Run the analyzer will fill the pre trigger buffer after drawing a trace When the pr...

Page 133: ...ger setting depend on the current sample period These are two different things The minimum detectable pattern width defines the minimum time for which the input must remain stable so that the analyzer can recognize it as matching a pattern trigger specification The minimum duration trigger setting specifies the shortest duration value that the analyzer can use At very fast sweep speeds small Time ...

Page 134: ...500 µs div the delayed sweep time base will be adjustable from 200 µs div to 5 ns div You must be careful not to expand the delayed sweep time base such that no useful data is displayed If the main time base setting is 500 µs div the data was obtained at a sampling interval of 4 µs Expanding the delayed time base so that no original samples appear in the delayed sweep will not yield any useful inf...

Page 135: ...ecause the delay can be adjusted in the positive direction to greater than the depth of acquisition memory the trigger event may or may not be stored in acquisition memory The range of available negative delay is less Consider a measurement where the time reference is set to Center the sweep speed is set to 5 µs div sample interval 40 ns and the delay is set to 75 µs A single acquisition is perfor...

Page 136: ... panning the display it does not change the reference point If you start a new acquisition after stopping and panning the delay value to which you panned will be used in determining the trigger location for the new acquisition For example if you acquired data with a delay value of 100 µs then stop and pan the display to 50 µs the new acquisition will position the trigger 50 µs before the time refe...

Page 137: ...th a delay value of 80 µs and you perform a single acquisition The display would look like the following Single Acquisition Time Reference Right Negative Delay of 80 µs The time reference is set to Right The trigger point is off screen to the right due to negative delay Figure 40 Ensuring Accurate Measurements Time base and Acquisition 136 ...

Page 138: ...that you are trying to measure a skew value believed to be in the range of 5 to 10 ns using the channel to channel delay function If you have the sweep speed set to 5 µs div the current sampling period is 40 ns Thus you will see a measurement result of either 0 ns or 40 ns depending on where the waveform edges fall in relation to sampling The solution is to compare the current sample period agains...

Page 139: ...justed If for example you rapidly change the Time Div setting to a higher value slower sweep speed the sample period is also lengthened and it will take longer to fill acquisition memory Thus there may be a short delay before a complete screen full of data is displayed Ensuring Accurate Measurements Time base and Acquisition 138 ...

Page 140: ... dB Passive probe input impedance is generally specified in terms of a parallel capacitance and resistance The resistance is the sum of the tip resistor value and the input resistance of the test instrument see figure 42 The capacitance is the series combination of the tip compensating capacitor and the cable plus instrument capacitance in parallel with the stray tip capacitance in parallel with t...

Page 141: ...l break point on the impedance chart Impedance versus Frequency for Both Probe Circuit Models The HP 54620A C probes are represented by the high frequency circuit model shown in figure 43 They are designed to provide as much series tip resistance as possible Stray tip capacitance to ground is minimized by the proper mechanical design of the probe tip assembly This provides the maximum input impeda...

Page 142: ...nductance of the probe whose ground return is used See figure 45 The result is increased current di in the above equation and depending on the transition time dt the common mode voltage may increase to a level that causes false data generation Common Mode Input Voltage Model In addition to the common mode voltage ground bounce longer ground returns also degrade the pulse fidelity of the probe syst...

Page 143: ...ing used for data capture When capturing data in a noisy environment every third probe s ground should be used in addition to the channel group s ground High speed timing measurements TR 3 ns should make use of each probe s own ground When designing a high speed digital system you should consider designing dedicated test ports that interface directly to the instrument s probe system This will ease...

Page 144: ...ection is disabled for time base settings where the sampling interval is 4 ns or faster At these sweep speeds the analyzer can reliably sample all signals that are within the bandwidth of its probing system thus preventing aliases In glitch capture the analyzer uses memory resources to record an event where at least two transitions occurred between sample periods Those transitions must pass throug...

Page 145: ...ccurred between those samples Glitch Display Aliasing and Glitch Capture In a sampled device aliasing occurs when the same set of sampled data could be used to reconstruct many different waveforms because of insufficient data See figure 47 where because of insufficient sampling rate the reconstructed waveform would be only one third the frequency of the original Aliasing Figure 46 Figure 47 Ensuri...

Page 146: ...present the events on the input waveform Usually you will start with a setting that represents all the inputs you want to examine simultaneously You can then examine the display and decide whether the sweep speed should be increased based on the following If the sampling rate is too slow compared to the number of waveform transitions the display will show several glitches You need to increase the ...

Page 147: ...Waveform Display with Sampling Rate Too Low Here most edges are disjoint because the sampling rate is too low Glitch Disjoint edges Figure 49 Ensuring Accurate Measurements Glitch Detection 146 ...

Page 148: ...rresponding sampling rate Notice that both the main and delayed sweeps show the waveform as a clearly defined series of pulses and that the disjoint waveform display has disappeared Waveform Display with Sufficient Sampling Rate Figure 50 Ensuring Accurate Measurements Glitch Detection 147 ...

Page 149: ... large a sampling rate that is 4 times the system clock rate is probably sufficient but a sampling rate 10 times the system clock rate will deliver best results If the margin is small you will need to increase the sampling rate to at least 10 to 20 times the system clock rate this ensures that you will have enough data samples 3 or 4 during the stable data time to determine whether your system is ...

Page 150: ...5 Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer ...

Page 151: ...s chapter explains the general procedures for verifying correct analyzer operation adjusting the analyzer display and power supply correcting malfunctions in the analyzer and performing tests to ensure that the analyzer meets performance specifications 150 ...

Page 152: ...er Wait at least three minutes for the capacitors in the logic analyzer to discharge before you begin disassembling the logic analyzer Read the Safety Summary at the back of this manual before beginning disassembly A set of built in tests helps you verify general analyzer performance These include the following ROM and RAM self tests Keyboard test Acquisition system test 151 ...

Page 153: ...le Parts for instructions on replacing the board If your HP 54620A C is under warranty or you want to have HP perform the repair contact your local Hewlett Packard Sales Office 5 Press Previous Menu to return to the Print Utility menu or press any other front panel key to select a different function Self Tests when using HP 54652B and HP 54659B Modules When using the HP 54652 and HP 54659 B series...

Page 154: ...the corresponding circle on the front panel 4 When the Run Stop key has been pressed three times the test will exit If any of the keys fail you must replace the keyboard See chapter 6 Replaceable Parts for instructions If your HP 54620A C is under warranty or you want to have HP perform the repair contact your local Hewlett Packard Sales Office Keyboard Tests when using HP 54652B and HP 54659B Mod...

Page 155: ...ty to enter the display tests To test the acquisition system Testing the acquisition system does not check a specification but does provide confidence that the system is functioning correctly 1 Disconnect probes from the circuit under test or other input source 2 Connect channels 0 1 2 and 3 to the calibration test point on the HP 54620A C front panel using probe leads and grabbers 3 Press Autosca...

Page 156: ...The test connectors make it easy to hook the analyzer probes to function generators and measurement equipment with minimum electrical distortion These connectors are used in the threshold and time interval tests The dummy load is used to troubleshoot the power supply This section explains how to build these accessories 155 ...

Page 157: ...ctor using a BNC connector and an 8 by 2 section of Berg strip a Solder a jumper wire to all pins on one side of the Berg strip b Solder a jumper wire to all pins on the other side of the Berg strip c c Solder the center of the BNC connector to the center pin of one row on the Berg strip d Solder the ground tab of the BNC connector to the center pin of the other row on the Berg strip 8 by 2 Connec...

Page 158: ...in parallel across the two pins b Solder the center of the BNC connector to the center pin of one row on the Berg strip c Solder the ground tab of the BNC connector to the center pin of the other row on the Berg strip 1 by 2 Connector Setup Figure 53 Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer To make the test connectors 157 ...

Page 159: ...nnect the following load resistors to the connector 5 1 V requires a 3 A load 1 7 Ω and 15 W on pin 15 17 or 19 15 75 V requires a 1 3 A load 12 2 Ω and 20 5 W on pin 11 or 13 With the fan operating 15 75 V requires a 0 6 A load 26 25 Ω and 9 5 W on pin 5 or 7 Without the fan operating 15 75 V requires a 0 8 A load 26 25 Ω and 13 W on pin 5 or 7 3 Connect the other end of the resistors to ground p...

Page 160: ...djust the logic analyzer so that it is at optimum operating performance You need to perform the adjustments every 24 months or 4000 hours of operation Make sure you allow the logic analyzer to warm up for at least 30 minutes before you start the adjustments 159 ...

Page 161: ...ages are based on the 5 1 V adjustment In this procedure you use a multimeter to measure the 5 1 V and if necessary adjust the supply to within tolerance Table 9 Equipment Required Equipment Critical specifications Recommended Model Part Digital multimeter 0 1 mV resolution accuracy 0 05 HP 34401A 1 Set up the logic analyzer for the voltage adjustment a Turn off the logic analyzer b Remove the cov...

Page 162: ...V to 16 54 V If the 5 1 V measurement is out of tolerance adjust the 5 1 V adjustment on the power supply The 15 75 V supplies are not adjustable and are dependent upon the 5 1 V supply If adjusting the power supply does not bring all the voltages within tolerance see Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer in this chapter Power Supply Adjustment Figure 54 Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Anal...

Page 163: ...tal multimeter 1 mV resolution accuracy 0 05 HP 34401A 1 Set up the logic analyzer for the voltage adjustment a Turn off the logic analyzer b Remove the cover from the logic analyzer See chapter 6 Replaceable Parts for disassembly procedures c Place the logic analyzer on its side d Connect the negative lead of the digital multimeter to a ground point on the logic analyzer e Turn on the logic analy...

Page 164: ...y to continue to the next test pattern Then adjust H Hold horizontal hold to center the display horizontally 11 Adjust Focus for the best focus 12 Press any key to continue to the normal display pattern Then adjust V Lin vertical linearity for equal sizing of all four corner squares 13 Adjust V Size vertical size to center the display vertically at the maximum allowable size without losing the tex...

Page 165: ...er possible perform the procedures with the power cord removed from the logic analyzer Read the safety summary at the back of this book before proceeding C AU TI O N Do not disconnect any cables or remove any assemblies with the power applied to the logic analyzer or damage to the logic analyzer can occur The following equipment is needed to troubleshoot the logic analyzer Table 11 Equipment Requi...

Page 166: ...then remove the cover See chapter 6 Replaceable Parts for disassembly procedures 5 Connect the power cord then turn on the logic analyzer If the display comes on after a few seconds HP logo and copyright text followed by a graticule with text at top of the display go to To check the LVPS If after checking the LVPS the voltages are within the test limits go to step 9 If not go to step 7 If the disp...

Page 167: ...assembly If not replace the system board 7 Disconnect the LVPS ribbon cable from the display board 8 Measure the power supply voltages again steps 2 4 If the voltages are within the test limits replace the display assembly If not do the steps below a Disconnect the power cord b Disconnect the ribbon cable from the power supply c Connect the dummy load to the power supply connector d Connect the po...

Page 168: ...huts down when it gets too hot for safe operation a Disconnect the fan cable from the power supply b Measure the fan voltage at the connector on the power supply using a voltmeter If the fan voltage is less than 5 0 Vdc replace the fan If not replace the power supply Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer To troubleshoot the logic analyzer 167 ...

Page 169: ...rd using a voltmeter See To adjust the power supply in this chapter 5 1 V 150 mV 4 95 V to 5 25 V 15 75 V 787 mV 14 96 V to 16 54 V 15 75 V 787 mV 14 96 V to 16 54 V If the 5 1 V measurement is out of the test limits adjust the 5 1 V power supply The 15 V supplies are not adjustable they depend upon the 5 1 V supply Blown Fuse If the fuse is blown in the power supply the power supply is defective ...

Page 170: ...ing channels 8 15 or external trigger for channels 0 7 in the instructions Each threshold test tells you to record the voltage reading in the Performance Test Record located at the end of this chapter To check if each test passed verify that the voltage reading you record is within the limits listed on the Performance Test Record Table 13 Equipment Required Equipment Critical Specifications Recomm...

Page 171: ...unction generator a Set up the function generator to provide a DC offset voltage at the Main Signal output b Disable any AC voltage to the function generator output and enable the high voltage output c Monitor the function generator DC output voltage with the multimeter Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer Step 1 To set up the equipment 170 ...

Page 172: ...ther side of the BNC Tee 3 Connect the BNC Tee to the Main Signal output of the function generator Threshold Test Setup Measure time Save Recall Entry LOGIC ANALYZER 54620A 16 CHANNEL 500 MSa s STORAGE TRIGGER HORIZONTAL CHANNEL INPUTS Line Time Div Select Trigger out Delay Position Ext trigger in Figure 56 Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer Step 2 To connect the logic analyzer 171...

Page 173: ... the channels at a logic low Record the function generator voltage in the performance test record d Using the Modify up arrow on the function generator increase offset voltage in 10 mV increments until all activity indicators for channels 0 7 show the channels at a logic high Record the function generator voltage in the performance test record 3 Using the 8 by 2 test connector connect channels 8 1...

Page 174: ...quisition synchronizing oscillator is operating within limits Table 15 Equipment Required Equipment Critical Specifications Recommended Model Part Time Mark Generator Rise time 10 ns device under test error is indicated to within one least significant digit Tektronix TG 501A or equivalent Oscilloscope 100 MHz bandwidth HP 54600 BNC Tee HP 1250 0781 BNC Cable Qty 2 HP 10503A BNC Test Connector 1x2 ...

Page 175: ...P 54600 Measure Save Recall 54602A OSCILLOSCOPE STORAGE TRIGGER HORIZONTAL VERTICAL Line Time Div Volts Div Volts Div 1X 3 Delay Position Position Position Position 2Y 4Z TG 501A or equivalent 1 3 2 4 Measure time Save Recall Entry LOGIC ANALYZER 54620A 16 CHANNEL 500 MSa s STORAGE TRIGGER HORIZONTAL CHANNEL INPUTS Line Time Div Select Trigger out Delay Position Ext trigger in Channels 8 15 Channe...

Page 176: ... on the oscilloscope If you are not using an HP 54600 Series oscilloscope adjust the oscilloscope to achieve the best waveform display 4 Measure the high and low output levels in dc volts of the mark generator by reading them from the oscilloscope display You will need these values when setting the threshold level for the logic analyzer Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer Step 2 To ...

Page 177: ...ct Chan 0 7 4 Press the User softkey then use the Entry knob to set the threshold voltage to the 50 level of the mark generator pulse based on the voltages you measured previously 5 Set the Time div knob to 20 ns div Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer Step 3 To set up the logic analyzer 176 ...

Page 178: ...easurement 1 Press Single channel 2 Press Period The mark period should be 100 ns 2 ns Record the results in the Performance Test Record Testing Adjusting and Troubleshooting the Analyzer Step 4 To make the measurement 177 ...

Page 179: ... Results Threshold Accuracy 100 mV 3 of threshold setting Limits Ch 0 7 Ch 8 15 Ext Trig User 250 mV User 250 mV 0 V 100 mV User VL User VH User VL User VH 0 V User VL 0 V User VH 5 250 V 4 750 V 4 750 V 5 250 V 100 mV 100 mV ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Test Setting...

Page 180: ...6 Replaceable Parts ...

Page 181: ...or the assemblies and hardware of the logic analyzer that you can order from Hewlett Packard If you need a component for one of the printed circuit boards refer to the parts list included with the component information packet for this logic analyzer For more information on these packets contact your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales Office 180 ...

Page 182: ... turned on or damage to the components can occur Refer to the exploded view of the logic analyzer figure 60 for details on how the logic analyzer fits together To install an assembly follow the instructions in reverse order You will need the following tools to disassemble the logic analyzer T15 TORX driver to remove the logic analyzer from the cabinet and to remove the fan T10 TORX driver to remov...

Page 183: ...f a module is installed remove it from the logic analyzer 3 Using the T15 TORX driver remove the two screws from the rear of the cabinet 4 Using your thumbs gently push on the rear panel connector to slide the logic analyzer out of the cabinet Replaceable Parts To remove the cabinet 182 ...

Page 184: ...To remove the fan 1 Disconnect the fan cable from the power supply board 2 Using the T15 TORX driver remove the three screws that hold the fan to the deck Replaceable Parts To remove the fan 183 ...

Page 185: ...depressed slightly with a screwdriver to avoid damage to the circuit board 4 Rotate the front panel out until the bottom clears the rear of the assembly then lift the front panel to free the hooks on top When installing the front panel make sure that the power switch shaft is aligned with its mating hole in the front panel The front panel swings in to engage the two retainer tabs Before attempting...

Page 186: ...ng the T10 TORX driver remove the two screws that hold the display to the deck Make sure that when you re install these screws that you use the correct parts If longer screws are used they can short the system board to ground 4 As you lift the display rotate it off the two tabs on the side of the deck Replaceable Parts To remove the display 185 ...

Page 187: ...ystem board to the deck 2 Remove the two screws from the rear panel interface connector 3 Disconnect the three ribbon cables and the calibration cable 4 As you remove the system board rotate the system board so that the BNCs clear the front panel Replaceable Parts To remove the system board 186 ...

Page 188: ...sconnect the shaft from the power switch After you disconnect the shaft make sure you position it in the recess along the side of the display bracket 5 Using the T10 TORX driver remove the screw holding the power supply board to the deck 6 Slide the power supply board towards the front panel about a half an inch Slip the keyhole slots on the power supply board off of the pins on the deck Unhooking...

Page 189: ...r the display opening 4 Using the T10 TORX driver remove the three screws from the large keyboard Make sure that when you reinstall these screws that you use the correct parts If longer screws are used they can damage the front panel label 5 Press down on the top of the keyboard and rotate the bottom of the keyboard out Replaceable Parts To remove the keyboard 188 ...

Page 190: ...he handle down until it is just past the last detent position about 1 2 inch before the handle touches the bottom of the logic analyzer then pull the sides of the handle out of the cabinet Replaceable Parts To remove the handle 189 ...

Page 191: ...e assembly return the defective assembly to Hewlett Packard A United States customer has 30 days to return the defective assembly If you do not return the faulty assembly within the 30 days Hewlett Packard will charge you an additional amount This amount is the difference in price between a new assembly and that of the exchange assembly For orders not originating in the United States contact your ...

Page 192: ...ts through a direct mail order system The advantages to the system are direct ordering and shipment from the HP Parts Center in Mountain View California There is no maximum or minimum on any mail order There is a minimum amount for parts ordered through a local Hewlett Packard Sales Office when the orders require billing and invoicing Transportation costs are prepaid there is a small handling char...

Page 193: ...Exploded View of Logic Analyzer Figure 60 Replaceable Parts To order a replacement part 192 ...

Page 194: ...ne screw M4 X 10 H3 0515 0430 5 Machine screw M3 X 6 MP1 1251 2485 1 Connector dust cover MP2 1400 1581 1 Cable clamp MP3 54620 41901 1 Large keypad MP4 HP 54620A 54620 94301 1 Front panel label MP4 HP 54620C 54620 94306 1 Front panel label MP5 HP 54620A 54620 94302 1 Handle Label MP5 HP 54620C 54620 94307 1 Handle Label MP6 54601 00102 1 Deck MP7 54620 07101 1 EMI gasket MP8 54601 41902 1 Small r...

Page 195: ...cord option 917 Africa W1 8120 4754 Power cord option 918 Japan 54620 61602 1 Display Cable HP 54620C 54620 61603 1 Power Supply Cable HP 54620C Option 101 Accessory pouch and front panel cover also orderable as HP P N 54600 68701 5041 9482 Pouch 54601 44101 Front panel cover Input Cable 54620 61801 1 Cable Woven includes probe leads 5959 9333 Package replacement probe leads quantity 5 5959 9334 P...

Page 196: ...7 Performance Characteristics ...

Page 197: ...Performance Characteristics This chapter lists the operating characteristics and performance specifications for the HP 54620A C Logic Analyzer 196 ...

Page 198: ...tage Overdrive To meet timing accuracy the threshold value must be within 20 of the 50 value of the input signal Threshold Setting Threshold levels can be assigned to the input channels in groups of 8 channels 0 7 and 8 15 and external trigger Threshold Range 6 0 Volts Threshold Accuracy1 3 of setting 100 mV Preset threshold levels TTL 1 5 V CMOS 2 5 V ECL 1 3 V Channel to Channel Skew 2 0 ns typi...

Page 199: ...Glitch Detect disabled maximum pre trigger delay is 8077 times the sample period For sample periods greater than 4 ns with Auto Glitch Detect enabled the maximum pre trigger delay is 2019 times the sample period Post trigger from trigger point to start of sweep From 5 ns div to 1 µs div sample period 2 ns to 8 ns and all sweep speeds with Auto Glitch Detect enabled the delay range is 8 839 ms From...

Page 200: ...ples at all sweep speeds When Auto Glitch Detect is disabled you can increase the sweep speed to 2 s div and 5 s div in the Main display mode Minimum Update Rate 10 full screens per second independent of the number of channels being displayed assumes no measurements Glitch Capture Automatically activated at all sweep speeds where sampling period is slowed to be greater than 4 ns 1 µS div and slowe...

Page 201: ...ed Two pattern and edge terms can be combined with operators to create a very specific trigger event Advanced Operators AND OR Then Entered Exited Duration time Duration time and Occurs N times Maximum Occurrence 220 1 Edge Recovery Time Sweep speeds of 5 nS div to 1 µS div 28 ns Sweep speeds of 2 µs div and slower 20 ns 1 sample period Minimum Pattern Setup to Edge for Trigger 3 ns channel to cha...

Page 202: ...p Minimum Pulse Width 20 ns Trigger Output Output is a rising edge at the trigger point Output Level 0 to 2 0V into 50 Ω 0 to 4 8V open circuit Delay data in to trigger out 85 ns Jitter Sample period 10 ppm Maximum Output Rate 2 kHz HP 54620A 1 5 kHz HP 54620C with the analyzer stopped 20 sec running 1 Performance specification tested by threshold test See Chapter 5 Testing Adjusting and Troublesh...

Page 203: ...s sweeps in half bright display and the most recent sweep full bright display This allows easy differentiation of current and historic information Table 22 Measurement Functions Automatic Measurements The analyzer will perform measurements on the selected input channel s These measurements are continuously updated Single Channel Frequency Period Width Width and Duty Cycle Dual Channel Channel to C...

Page 204: ...ed Save Recall 16 front panel setups can be stored and recalled from nonvolatile memory Trace Memory Two volatile pixel memories allow storage of Autostore waveforms Channel Labels Each channel may be identified with a six character label Labels can be created from a front panel label generator and a library of up to 75 preset and user defined labels Channel Color Each channel may be assigned one ...

Page 205: ...t 55 Hz 4 g at 55 Hz Shock Operating 30 g 1 2 sine 11 ms duration 3 shocks axis along major axis Total of 18 shocks EMI Military MIL T 28800E Meets the requirements in accordance with MIL T 28800 paragraph 3 8 3 table IX and MIL STD 461C CE01 Part 2 CE03 Part 2 CS01 Part 2 CS02 Part 2 limited to 100 MHz CS06 Part 5 RE01 Part 5 measured at 6 inches 15 dB relaxation to 20 kHz exceptioned from 19 kHz...

Page 206: ... IEC 801 4 EFT 0 5kV 1kV 1 B 1 Performance Codes 1 PASS Normal operation no effect 2 PASS Temporary degradation self recoverable 3 PASS Temporary degradation operator intervention required 4 FAIL Not recoverable component damage 2 Notes A TTL logic threshold with all cables disconnected B TTL logic threshold with HP IB cable connected Physical Size Height 172 7 mm 6 8 Width 322 6 mm 12 7 Depth 317...

Page 207: ...midity Operating up to 95 relative humidity non condensing at 40 C 104 F for 24 h Non operating up to 90 relative humidity at 65 C 149 F for 24 h Altitude Operating up to 3 048 meters 10 000 ft Non operating up to 12 192 meters 40 000 ft Vibration Operating Random vibration 5 500 Hz 10 minutes per axis 0 3 grms Non operating Random vibration 5 500 Hz 10 minutes per axis 2 41 grms Resonant search 5...

Page 208: ...8 Messages ...

Page 209: ...Messages This chapter presents the various messages displayed by the instrument explains what they mean and gives instructions for corrective action if necessary 208 ...

Page 210: ...on the display To clear the display press Erase Copying screen for printing This message appears while the display is being buffered into spool memory before printing Currently defined measurement already selected This message appears when you press the Measure key for a measurement that is already defined and is being updated in the message line Currently Selected channel is off turn on to move T...

Page 211: ...the Delay knob to inform you of the current delay time setting Duration time at limit This message appears when in the Advanced Trigger menu you try to adjust the duration setting for a pattern to a value less than the minimum or greater than the maximum The minimum and maximum values are determined by the Time Div and sampling interval so you may be able to work around the problem by changing the...

Page 212: ...ayed on the message line but are temporarily overwritten by this message Must cancel print first This message appears when you try to reconfigure the interface parameters for the I O module while printing You must either cancel printing with the Cancel Print softkey or wait until printing has completed before reconfiguring the interface No active cursor This message appears when you turn the Entry...

Page 213: ... Connect To softkey until one of the following is highlighted HP Print if an HP printer is connected Epson if an Epson compatible printer is connected HP Plot if an HP plotter or plotter compatible with HP GL is connected Some HP printers with the HP PCL V language will also work with this setting Occurrence count at limit The count for occurrences of an edge in the Advanced Trigger menu must be s...

Page 214: ...opying the screen to the printer Privilege Violation A processing fault occurred during operation Cycle power to the analyzer or perform a hard reset by cycling power with one of the softkeys depressed If this does not correct the problem contact your HP Sales Office Re Initializing the Label List This message appears briefly while the analyzer is re initializing the label list Screen and setup sa...

Page 215: ...oting the Analyzer for more information on how to run self test and what to do if self test fails Test passed This message appears when one of the analyzer self tests passes This will overwrite ALL 75 current labels YES to proceed This message appears when you select the Initialize Label List softkey in the Label menu To proceed with initialization press the Yes softkey To cancel initialization pr...

Page 216: ...This message appears when you press the Clear Mem softkey for either Memory 1 or Memory 2 while in the Trace memory menu It confirms that the selected memory was cleared Messages 215 ...

Page 217: ...216 ...

Page 218: ...e sources com bined with a variety of operators to form the complete Advanced trigger specification Advanced trigger is best used when the events you want to capture are defined by a complex series of waveform events in the sys tem and neither pattern mode nor edge mode are capable of clearly re solving the necessary sequence Aliasing is occurring whenever the waveform display changes more than ex...

Page 219: ...ta channel is the channel for which you want to measure setup or hold time Delay time in Main sweep is the time between the current trigger and the time reference point In Delayed sweep it is the time between the center of the delayed sweep window and the time reference position In dual channel measurements it is the time between the transition on the start channel and a transition on the end chan...

Page 220: ... and in the regular pattern trigger En tered means that the trigger qualifier is satisfied as soon as the in put waveforms have transitioned from a state that does not match the pattern to a state that does match the pattern Erase clears the current display and acquisition memory Exited trigger operator is used in the advanced trigger The trigger qualifier is satisfied when the input waveforms tra...

Page 221: ... the label into the novolatile label list automatically increments the digit displays the modified label in the entry field and selects the next channel The label generator also allows you to assign colors to channels Measurement algorithms are used to calculate input frequency in put period duty cycle positive width and negative width Measurement field is located be low the memory bar This area i...

Page 222: ...ce trigger operator is used to specify the number of times an edge term or a pattern and edge term combination occurs Occur rence operators are available in ad vanced trigger mode are valid only when at least one edge term is in volved and are not selectable when only pattern terms are selected as a source Palettes include colors that you can assign to channels with the HP 54620C color logic analy...

Page 223: ...nds on the Time Div setting Setup memory allows you to save the current configuration of the in strument including time base threshold channel settings measure ment definitions and labels You can use these later to verify the results of a change or you can use them regularly for testing and trou bleshooting These memories are non volatile Setup time is the time for which a data input to a clocked ...

Page 224: ...s displayed at the right end of the status line when Autostore is selected Sweep speed time base is the amount of time per division on the display and is shown on the status line When you vary the Time Div set ting while running an acquisition the sample period is also being adjusted Thresholds define the voltage at which there is a change from low to high Thresholds specified can be TTL CMOS or E...

Page 225: ...trigger stop the logic analyzer acquisition The analyzer will con tinue to drive the trigger output but will not have the overhead of data capture display updates The trigger output is generated at a much higher rate and the trigger is still valid Vernier is a softkey in the Main Delayed menu that gives finer increments of the sweep speed Waveform parameters are meas ured using cursors single chan...

Page 226: ...nformation 56 Alternate color palettes 30 analyzer acquisition memory concepts 130 adjusting for performance 159 built in tests 151 calculates delay time 99 calculates duty cycle 97 calculates hold time 102 calculates input frequency 96 calculates input period 97 calculates setup time 100 calculates widths 97 checking LVPS 165 168 circuit probing concepts 139 142 concepts for making measurements 1...

Page 227: ...mber for 22 23 probe 42 43 ribbon to display 185 ribbon to power supply 187 ribbon to system board 184 186 calculate delay time 99 duty cycle 97 input frequency 96 input period 97 measurement values 91 widths 97 calibration adjustments 159 calibration cable disconnect to remove display 185 disconnect to remove system board 186 take care when removing keyboard 188 cancel printing 88 capacitance of ...

Page 228: ...to pulse generator 174 connecting to circuit ground 42 connections external trigger from scope 106 external trigger using scope probe 106 for trigger oscilloscope 107 contents of analyzer package 22 23 controls front panel 35 36 knobs 37 covers remove for service 164 creating labels 62 63 CRT hazardous voltages 181 cursors activated by analyzer 97 clearing 91 94 95 message 211 moving simultaneousl...

Page 229: ...t 91 E ECL threshold 53 54 Edge 47 72 edge and pattern triggers combined 76 edge qualifier in pattern trigger 73 edge trigger 47 65 72 applications of 65 qualifying a pattern 66 using external trigger input 109 edges defining for trigger 74 of waveform disjointed 146 set in channel measurements 98 used to satisfy measurement criteria 93 EMI performance characteristics 204 206 end channel 98 99 and...

Page 230: ...ed timing measurements use probe ground 142 hold time 102 103 hold time measurement 103 hooks on front panel 184 hookups for external trigger 106 for triggering oscilloscope 107 horizontal hold 163 mode 39 198 horizontal system performance characteristics 198 HP service component info packets 180 exchanging assemblies 190 mail order system 191 194 obtain to replace parts 152 154 obtain to solve pr...

Page 231: ...uit 139 142 LVPS checking voltages 165 168 ribbon cable 166 thermal cut out circuit 167 M magnetic shielding 24 26 magnification of delayed sweep 133 magnify content of sample memory 80 mail order system use to replace parts 191 194 main sweep Time div for window 81 Time div setting for 82 main timebase concepts 133 maintenance 164 making dummy load 158 test connectors 156 157 making adjustments f...

Page 232: ...7 count increments on edge pattern 78 message 212 operators for advanced trigger 76 trigger 74 79 On Off Off channels 49 use of measurements and channels that are off 49 operating performance adjusting 159 operation of Autoscale 45 operators for trigger 74 79 order of channels 50 ordering new assemblies 190 194 oscillator verifying operation of 173 oscilloscope probe routes signal to external trig...

Page 233: ...aveform display 81 88 probe attach every third ground 142 circuit models 140 grounding 140 grounding concepts 139 142 high frequency circuit 140 inductance 141 loading concepts 139 142 low frequency circuit 139 142 probe cable 42 43 probe calibrator performance characteristics 203 probe leads removing from cable 43 probe tip design 140 probes connecting grabbers 42 43 shorting together 42 43 probi...

Page 234: ...ampling period 39 affects measurement results 137 sampling rate increase to capture glitch 144 insufficient to capture glitch 144 reasons to increase 145 sufficient for display 147 save configuration 112 113 setup 117 waveform 112 114 screen erasing 58 searching for trigger 70 71 Select knob 37 50 73 choosing edge trigger channel 47 72 using to select channels 49 selecting channels 49 50 channels ...

Page 235: ...s to increase 145 relationship to instrument operating parameters 48 slower affects memory fill 137 See also timebase switch power 187 synchronizing display to circuit 65 system board removing 186 replacing exchanging 190 signals 166 system failure example of triggering on 78 T t1 and t2 cursors 89 94 95 temperature warm up 159 test accessories building 155 test configurations saving 117 saving an...

Page 236: ...ure 78 on pulse train 77 on sequential patterns 77 operators 74 79 other instruments 104 107 pattern 66 73 preset configuration 119 setting during Autoscale 45 sources 74 79 trigger concepts trigger may be missed 131 trigger may not be stored 133 trigger definition experimenting with 76 trigger event adjusting delay 86 position in acquisition memory 70 83 85 trigger functions 132 trigger mode 70 7...

Page 237: ...choosing a timebase setting 145 clearing from memory 116 cursor measurements 91 delayed sweep concepts 133 disjoint edges 146 display area 38 does not show grounding problems 141 measurements 91 recalling from memory 115 reconstructing for glitch capture 144 saving to memory 114 waveform display 40 55 and Autostore 58 and labels 59 erasing 58 waveform events and pattern trigger 66 apply advanced t...

Page 238: ...55 3 1982 A1 1990 EN 60555 3 1987 A1 1991 IEC 801 2 1991 EN 50082 1 1992 4 kV CD 8 kV AD IEC 801 3 1984 EN 50082 1 1992 3 V m 1kHz 80 AM 27 1000 MHz IEC 801 4 1988 EN 50082 1 1992 0 5 kV Sig Lines 1 kV Power Lines Supplementary Information The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC and carries the CE marking according...

Page 239: ......

Page 240: ...20A C User s Guide Programming Information HP 54620A C Programmer s Guide HP 54620A C Programmer s Reference is supplied as a help file on a 3 5 diskette The diskette includes a help file viewer for Microsoft Windows 3 1 and Microsoft Write editor versions of the files ASCII files are also supplied 239 ...

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Page 242: ... service personnel To avoid dangerous electric shock do not perform any service unless qualified to do so Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present If you energize this instrument by an auto transformer for voltage reduction make sure the common terminal is connected to the earth terminal of the power source When...

Page 243: ...xclusive remedies Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett Packard products For any assistance contact your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales Office Certification Hewlett Pack...

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