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17.10.2 Detrimental effects

The harm from a ground loop can be seen in different ways. One consideration is the
electromagnetically induced effect. This will manifest as an AC noise or pulse. As seen in

(p. 134) the parallel conductive paths form an electrical loop that acts as an antenna to pick

up electromagnetic energy.

FIGURE 17-1. Stray AC magnetic fields picked up in loop antenna

l

Relatively small electromagnetic energy: This could come from AC current on a nearby
power cable, or RF energy transmitting through the air, and can cause electrical noise that
either corrupts an analog signal or disrupts digital communications.

l

Larger electromagnetic energy: The antenna loop scenario can have a more damaging
effect when a large current is discharged nearby. The creation of an electromagnetic pulse
can induce a surge that damages attached electronic devices.

Another way ground loops affect a system is by allowing ground current to flow between devices.
This can be either a DC or AC effect. For various reasons, the voltage potential between two
different points on the surface of the earth is not always 0 V. Therefore, when two electrical
devices are both connected to a local earth ground, there may exist a voltage difference between
the two devices. When a cable is connected between the two devices at different voltages,
physics dictates than an electrical current must flow between the two points through the cable.
See

17. Tips and troubleshooting

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Summary of Contents for CR300 series

Page 1: ...Revision 07 10 2020 Copyright 2000 2020 Campbell Scientific Inc ...

Page 2: ...ort 11 2 4 2 Ethernet port 11 2 4 3 C terminals for communications 12 2 4 3 1 SDI 12 ports 12 2 4 4 RS 232 Port 12 2 4 4 1 RS 232 Power States 12 2 5 Programmable logic control 13 3 Setting up the CR300 series 15 4 Setting up communications with the data logger 16 4 USB or RS 232 communications 17 5 Virtual Ethernet over USB RNDIS 19 6 Ethernet communications option 21 6 1 Configuring data logger ...

Page 3: ...c IP 33 8 2 1 1 Configure data logger 33 8 2 1 2 Set up LoggerNet 35 8 2 1 3 Test the connection 37 8 2 2 Modules using a public static IP 37 8 2 2 1 Configure data logger 37 8 2 2 2 Set up LoggerNet 38 8 2 2 3 Test the connection 40 8 3 Cellular TX RX LED Indicator 41 8 4 Signal strength 41 9 Radio communications option 42 9 1 Configuration options 43 9 2 RF407 Series radio communications with on...

Page 4: ...s and formats 58 12 4 1 Variables 59 12 4 2 Data storage 60 12 5 About data tables 61 12 5 1 Table definitions 62 12 5 1 1 Header rows 62 12 5 1 2 Data records 64 12 6 Creating data tables in a program 64 13 Data memory 66 13 1 Data tables 66 13 2 Flash memory 66 13 2 1 CPU drive 67 14 Measurements 68 14 1 Voltage measurements 68 14 1 1 Single ended measurements 69 14 1 2 Differential measurements...

Page 5: ...4 6 1 VSPECT 84 15 Communications protocols 85 15 1 General serial communications 86 15 2 Modbus communications 87 15 2 1 About Modbus 88 15 2 2 Modbus protocols 89 15 2 3 Understanding Modbus Terminology 90 15 2 4 Connecting Modbus devices 90 15 2 5 Modbus master slave protocol 90 15 2 6 About Modbus programming 91 15 2 6 1 Endianness 91 15 2 6 2 Function codes 92 15 2 7 Modbus information storag...

Page 6: ... security 104 16 2 1 TLS 105 16 2 2 Security codes 106 16 2 3 Creating a csipasswd file 107 16 2 3 1 Command syntax 108 16 3 Data logger enclosures 108 16 4 Internal battery 109 16 4 1 Replacing the internal battery 110 16 5 Electrostatic discharge and lightning protection 111 16 6 Power budgeting 113 16 7 Updating the operating system 113 16 7 1 Sending an operating system to a local data logger ...

Page 7: ...r supplies 127 17 9 Using terminal mode 128 17 9 1 Serial talk through and comms watch 130 17 9 2 SDI 12 transparent mode 130 17 9 2 1 SDI 12 transparent mode commands 132 17 9 3 Terminal master 132 17 10 Ground loops 133 17 10 1 Common causes 133 17 10 2 Detrimental effects 134 17 10 3 Severing a ground loop 135 17 10 4 Soil moisture example 136 17 11 Improving voltage measurement quality 137 17 ...

Page 8: ...18 1 6 SkippedRecord 152 18 1 7 TimeStamp 152 18 2 Status table system information 152 18 2 1 Battery 152 18 2 2 CalGain 152 18 2 3 CalOffset 152 18 2 4 CommsMemFree 153 18 2 5 CompileResults 153 18 2 6 CPUDriveFree 153 18 2 7 DataStorageFree 153 18 2 8 DataStorageSize 153 18 2 9 FullMemReset 153 18 2 10 LastSlowScan 153 18 2 11 LithiumBattery 153 18 2 12 MaxProcTime 154 18 2 13 MaxSlowProcTime 15...

Page 9: ...StartUpCode 157 18 2 37 StationName 157 18 2 38 SW12Volts 157 18 2 39 TimeStamp 158 18 2 40 VarOutOfBound 158 18 2 41 WatchdogErrors 158 18 2 42 WiFiUpdateReq 158 18 3 Settings 158 18 3 1 Baudrate 159 18 3 2 Beacon 159 18 3 3 Cell Settings 159 18 3 4 CentralRouters 159 18 3 5 CommsMemAlloc 160 18 3 6 DNS 160 18 3 7 EthernetInfo 160 18 3 8 EthernetPower 160 18 3 9 FilesManager 160 18 3 10 FTPEnable...

Page 10: ...odes 164 18 3 32 PakBusPort 164 18 3 33 PakBusTCPClients 164 18 3 34 PakBusTCPEnabled 164 18 3 35 PakBusTCPPassword 165 18 3 36 PingEnabled 165 18 3 37 pppDial 165 18 3 38 pppDialResponse 165 18 3 39 pppInfo 165 18 3 40 pppInterface 166 18 3 41 pppIPAddr 166 18 3 42 pppPassword 166 18 3 43 pppUsername 166 18 3 44 RouteFilters 166 18 3 45 RS232Power 167 18 3 46 Security 1 Security 2 Security 3 167 ...

Page 11: ...11 CellPwrStartTime 171 18 3 57 12 CellRSRQ 172 18 3 57 13 CellRSSI 172 18 3 57 14 CellState 173 18 3 57 15 CellStatus 173 18 3 58 RF407 series radio settings 174 18 3 58 1 RadioAvailFreq 174 18 3 58 2 RadioChanMask 174 18 3 58 3 RadioEnable 174 18 3 58 4 RadioHopSeq 175 18 3 58 5 RadioMAC 175 18 3 58 6 RadioModel 175 18 3 58 7 RadioModuleVer 175 18 3 58 8 RadioNetID 176 18 3 58 9 RadioProtocol 17...

Page 12: ...3 19 2 Physical specifications 184 19 3 Power requirements 184 19 4 Power output specifications 186 19 5 Analog measurement specifications 187 19 5 1 Voltage measurements 187 19 5 2 Resistance measurement specifications 189 19 5 3 Period averaging measurement specifications 190 19 5 4 Current loop measurement specifications 190 19 6 Pulse measurement specifications 191 19 6 1 Switch closure input ...

Page 13: ...A Configure cellular settings and retrieve status information with SetSetting 197 Appendix B Cellular module regulatory information 201 B 1 Important information for Australian users 201 B 2 RF exposure 201 B 3 EU 202 B 4 Declaration of conformity 202 Appendix C Glossary 203 Table of Contents xii ...

Page 14: ...of a phenomenon to an electrical signal see Sensors p 3 for more information l Data logger The data logger measures electrical signals or reads serial characters It converts the measurement or reading to engineering units performs calculations and reduces data to statistical values Data is stored in memory to await transfer to a computer by way of an external storage device or a communications lin...

Page 15: ...alog input accuracy and resolution They can measure most hydrological meteorological environmental and industrial sensors They concentrate data make it available over varied networks and deliver it using your preferred protocol They also perform automated on site or remote decision making for control and M2M communications CR300 series dataloggers are ideal for small applications requiring long te...

Page 16: ... most applications do not require that every measurement be recorded the program usually combines several measurements into computational or statistical summaries such as averages and standard deviations 1 1 4 Programs A program directs the data logger on how and when sensors are measured calculations are made data is stored and devices are controlled The application program for the CR300 series i...

Page 17: ...onic sensor output types The following list may not be comprehensive A library of sensor manuals and application notes is available at www campbellsci com support to assist in measuring many sensor types l Analog o Voltage o Current o Strain o Thermocouple o Resistive bridge l Pulse o High frequency o Switch closure o Low level ac o Quadrature l Period average l Vibrating wire through interface mo...

Page 18: ...r current and reverse power The wiring panel is the interface to most data logger functions so studying it is a good way to get acquainted with the data logger Functions of the terminals are broken down into the following categories l Analog input l Pulse counting l Analog output l Communications l Digital I O l Power input l Power output l Power ground l Signal ground 2 Wiring panel and terminal ...

Page 19: ... Table 2 2 Pulse counting terminal functions Pulse Counting C1 C2 P_SW P_LL SE1 SE2 SE3 SE4 SE5 SE6 Switch Closure High Frequency Low level AC Quadrature Period Average Table 2 3 Analog output terminal functions VX1 VX2 Switched Voltage Excitation Table 2 4 Voltage output terminal functions C1 C2 SE1 4 VX1 VX2 P_SW SW12V 3 3 VDC 5 VDC BAT 2 Wiring panel and terminal functions 6 ...

Page 20: ...h external power connected to the green BAT and or CHG terminals on the face of the wiring panel The positive power wire connects to The negative wire connects to The power terminals are internally protected against polarity reversal and high voltage transients In the field the data logger can be powered in any of the following ways l 10 to 18 VDC applied to the BAT and terminals l 16 to 32 VDC ap...

Page 21: ...attery When within the 16 to 32 VDC range it will be regulated to the optimal charge voltage for a lead acid battery at the current data logger temperature with a maximum voltage of approximately 15 VDC A battery need not be connected to the BAT terminals to supply power to the data logger through the CHG terminals The onboard charging regulator is designed for efficiently charging lead acid batte...

Page 22: ...d switched 12 VDC terminal It is often used to power devices such as sensors that require 12 VDC during measurement Voltage on a SW12 terminal will change with data logger supply voltage CRBasic instruction SW12 controls the SW12 terminal See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program examples https help campbellsci com crbasic cr300 l VX terminals supply precise outp...

Page 23: ... Several ground wires can be connected to the same ground terminal A good earth chassis ground will minimize damage to the data logger and sensors by providing a low resistance path around the system to a point of low potential Campbell Scientific recommends that all data loggers be earth grounded All components of the system data loggers sensors external power supplies mounts housings should be r...

Page 24: ...ntific data logger communications ports include l RS 232 l USB Device l Ethernet l C terminals 2 4 1 USB device port One USB device port supports communicating with a computer through data logger support software or through virtual Ethernet RNDIS and provides 5 VDC power to the data logger powering through the USB port has limitations details are available in the specifications The data logger USB...

Page 25: ...port labeled RS 232 normally is used to communicate with a computer running data logger support software to connect a modem or to read a smart sensor The RS 232 port functions as either a DCE or DTE device The most common use of the RS 232 port is as a connection to a computer DTE device using a standard DB9 to DB9 cable Pins 1 4 6 and 9 function differently than a standard DCE device to accommoda...

Page 26: ...ation for water quality purposes l Controlling a gas analyzer to stop operation when temperature is too low l Controlling irrigation scheduling Control decisions can be based on time an event or a measured condition Controlled devices can be physically connected to C VX SE1 SE4 P_SW or SW12 terminals Short Cut has provisions for simple on off control Control modules and relay drivers are available...

Page 27: ...ice is on or off In the case of a cell modem control is based on time The modem requires 12 VDC power so connect its power wire to a data logger SW12 terminal The following code snip turns the modem on for the first ten minutes of every hour using the TimeIsBetween instruction embedded in an If Then logic statement If TimeIsBetween 0 10 60 Min Then SW12 1 Turn phone on Else SW12 0 Turn phone off E...

Page 28: ...tting up communications with the data logger p 16 l Virtual Ethernet over USB RNDIS p 19 l Ethernet communications option p 21 l Wi Fi communications option p 25 l Cellular communications option p 29 l Radio communications option p 42 l Testing communications with EZSetup p 50 l Creating a Short Cut data logger program p 52 3 Setting up the CR300 series 15 ...

Page 29: ...logger support software You can configure your connection using any of the following options The simplest is via USB For detailed instruction see l USB or RS 232 communications p 17 l Virtual Ethernet over USB RNDIS p 19 l Ethernet communications option p 21 CR310 models only l Wi Fi communications option p 25 WIFI models only l Cellular communications option p 29 CELL models only l Radio communic...

Page 30: ...e or project name and click Next 4 If prompted select the Direct Connect connection type and click Next 5 If this is the first time connecting this computer to a CR300 series via USB click Install USB Driver select your data logger click Install and follow the prompts to install the USB drivers 6 Plug the data logger into your computer using a USB or RS 232 cable The USB connection supplies 5 V po...

Page 31: ...mmunication failure error 11 LoggerNet and PC400 users can set a Max Time On Line to limit the amount of time the data logger remains connected When the data logger is contacted communication with it is terminated when this time limit is exceeded A value of 0 in this field indicates that there is no time limit for maintaining a connection to the data logger 12 Click Next 13 By default the data log...

Page 32: ...ll the USB drivers using EZ Setup A USB connection supplies 5 V power as well as a communication link which is adequate for setup but a 12 V battery will be needed for field deployment NOTE Ensure the data logger is connected directly to the computer USB port not to a USB hub We recommended always using the same USB port on your computer 2 Physically connect your data logger to your computer using...

Page 33: ...ect to the data logger using Device Configuration Utility or other computer software or to view the data logger internal web page in a browser To view the web page open a browser and enter www linktodevice com or the IP address you retrieved in the previous step for example 192 168 66 1 into the address bar To secure your data logger from others who have access to your network we recommend that yo...

Page 34: ...ly you can install the USB drivers using EZ Setup A USB connection supplies 5 V power as well as a communication link which is adequate for setup but a 12 V battery will be needed for field deployment 2 Connect an Ethernet cable to the 10 100 Ethernet port on the data logger The yellow and green Ethernet port LEDs display activity approximately one minute after connecting If you do not see activit...

Page 35: ... here of 169 254 means the data logger was not able to obtain an address from the DHCP server Contact your network administrator for help 11 Apply to save your changes 6 2 Ethernet LEDs When the data logger is powered and Ethernet Power setting is not disabled the 10 100 Ethernet LEDs will show the Ethernet activity l Solid Yellow Valid Ethernet link l No Yellow Invalid Ethernet link l Flashing Ye...

Page 36: ... entered as 2001 db8 1234 5678 6785 6 The PakBus address must match the hardware settings for your data logger The default PakBus address is 1 l Set an Extra Response Time if you want the data logger support software to wait a certain amount of time before returning a communications failure error l LoggerNet and PC400 users can set a Max Time On Line to limit the amount of time the data logger rem...

Page 37: ...you Finish or select Next The Next steps take you through testing communications setting the data logger clock and sending a program to the data logger See Testing communications with EZSetup p 50 for more information 6 Ethernet communications option 24 ...

Page 38: ...e also Communications specifications p 193 7 1 Configuring the data logger to host a Wi Fi network By default the CR300 WIFI is configured to host a Wi Fi network If the settings have changed you can follow these instructions to reconfigure it 1 Ensure your CR300 WIFI is connected to an antenna and power 2 Using Device Configuration Utility connect to the data logger 3 On the Deployment tab click ...

Page 39: ...ord select the Connect Using a Security Key option instead of a PIN and type the password you chose 4 Connect to this network 7 3 Setting up Wi Fi communications between the data logger and the data logger support software 1 Using LoggerNet or PC400 click Add Datalogger to launch the EZSetup Wizard For LoggerNet users you must first click Setup then View menu to ensure you are in the EZ Simplified...

Page 40: ...t use a security code or a PakBus encryption key Therefore the Security Code can be left at 0 and the PakBus Encryption Key can be left blank If either setting has been changed enter the new code or key See Data logger security p 104 for more information 8 Click Next 9 Review the Communication Setup Summary If you need to make changes click the Previous button to return to a previous window and ch...

Page 41: ...dress is not static and may change An IP address here of 169 254 means the data logger was not able to obtain an address from the DHCP server Contact your network administrator for help 8 Apply your changes 9 For each data logger you want to connect to network you must follow the instruction in Setting up Wi Fi communications between the data logger and the data logger support software p 26 using ...

Page 42: ...n the following table Product Cellular protocol Market Verizon AT T T Mobile Vodafone Telstra Other1 CELL205 4G LTE with automatic 3G fallback North America CELL210 4G LTE CAT 1 United States CELL215 4G LTE with automatic 3G and 2G fallback EMEA CELL220 4G LTE with automatic 3G fallback Australia and New Zealand CELL225 4G LTE Japan 1 More than 600 other providers are available worldwide through C...

Page 43: ...ng a data service Before installing a data logging system with telemetry you will need a SIM card and data plan For most applications Telstra will offer the best coverage especially in regional areas Telstra and Optus coverage maps can be found on each provider s respective websites The CELL220 and CR300 CELL220 will work with standard data plans No extra steps are necessary because of the complim...

Page 44: ...rd with the CR300 CELL Open a web browser and go to www konectgds com First time users need to create a free account After you submit your information you will receive two emails up to five minutes apart One email will contain a Passport ID and the other your Password If emails are not received check your email junk folder 8 Cellular communications option 31 ...

Page 45: ...your complimentary Router Code found on the included card with your cellular enabled device and click Submit 3 The next screen shows the assigned DNS address and Port for the router Enter a TCP Password and select a unique PakBus Address for your data logger TIP Make note of this information it will be required for data logger configuration as well as LoggerNet setup Please note your DNS Port TCP ...

Page 46: ... 8 2 1 3 Test the connection 37 8 2 1 1 Configure data logger 1 Connect the cellular antenna if it is not already connected When using a MIMO antenna with multiple cellular connections connect the primary cable to Cellular and the secondary to Diversity If the cables are not marked in this way they can be connected to either antennna port 2 Connect to your data logger by using Device Configuration...

Page 47: ...and password authentication on the Settings Editor Cellular tab set PDP Authentication Type PPP Authentication Username and PPP Authentication Password 6 On the Cellular tab enter the APN provided by your cellular provider For standard Telstra SIMs this will be telstra internet 7 Click Apply to save the changes Verify the settings in the summary window Recommended Save a copy of the settings to a ...

Page 48: ...scribed in the following steps 1 Select Add Root IPPort 2 Select PakBusPort and pbRouter for PakBus data loggers such as the CR6 or CR1000X NOTE PakBus data loggers include the following models GRANITE series CR6 CR3000 CR1000X CR800 series CR300 series CR1000 and CR200 X series 3 Add a data logger to the pbRouter 4 From the Entire Network on the left side select the IPPort Enter the Konect PakBus...

Page 49: ...uter setup and LoggerNet setup 6 Select the pbRouter in the Network Map and set the PakBus Address to 4070 7 Select the data logger in the Network Map and set the PakBus Address to match that of the data logger default address in the data logger is 1 If a PakBus Encryption Key was entered during data logger setup also enter it here Click Apply to save the changes 8 Cellular communications option 3...

Page 50: ...sage will be displayed 8 2 2 Modules using a public static IP 8 2 2 1 Configure data logger 37 8 2 2 2 Set up LoggerNet 38 8 2 2 3 Test the connection 40 8 2 2 1 Configure data logger 1 Connect the cellular antenna if it is not already connected When using a MIMO antenna with multiple cellular connections connect the primary cable to Cellular and the secondary to Diversity If the cables are not ma...

Page 51: ...starting with 166 22 Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are supported CAUTION Only set a Trusted IP address if you are familiar with their use Consult your IT department or Campbell Scientific for assistance NOTE This setting does not affect outbound connections only incoming connections In the Device Configuration Utility go to the Settings Editor then Network Services Next to the Trusted Hosts field c...

Page 52: ...usPort 4 Select the IPPort in the Network Map Enter the CR300 CELL IP address and port number The IP address and port number are input in the Internet IP Address field separated by a colon Preceding zeros are not entered in the Internet IP Address for example 070 218 074 247 is entered as 70 218 74 247 The default port number is 6785 5 For PakBus data loggers leave the default settings for the Pak...

Page 53: ... Click on the appropriate station and click Connect to initiate a call to the data logger The data logger must have 12 V power TIP The connection time is subject to many external factors It is often less than 30 seconds but could be up to 15 minutes Be patient If the connection is successful the connectors at the bottom of the screen will come together and clock information from the data logger wi...

Page 54: ...ported as RSSl Received Signal Strength Indicator For 4G it is RSRP Reference Signal Received Power Signal strength units are dBm 70 is a stronger signal than 100 Table 8 1 Signal strength Quality estimate RSSI 3G dBm RSRP 4G dBm Excellent 70 or greater 90 or greater Good 71 to 85 91 to 105 Fair 86 to 100 106 to 115 Poor less than 100 less than 115 Because signal strength can vary due to multipath...

Page 55: ...Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area i...

Page 56: ...ction follows l Ensure your data logger and RF407 series radio are connected to an antenna and power l Configure the connection to the RF407 series device using Device Configuration Utility l If you are connecting to multiple data loggers you will have to assign unique PakBus addresses to each data logger using Device Configuration Utility Connect to each data logger set the PakBus Address on the ...

Page 57: ...anges 6 Connect the RF407 Series radio to the computer communication port selected in the previous step 9 2 2 Setting up communications between the RF407 Series data logger and the computer These instructions provide an easy way to set up communications between the RF407 series data logger and the computer connected to the RF407 series radio as configured in previous instructions Follow these inst...

Page 58: ...selected RS 232 set the baud rate to the one chosen during that step The radio s default baud rate is 115200 The PakBus address must match the hardware settings for your data logger The default PakBus Address is 1 10 Click Next 11 By default the data logger does not use a security code or a PakBus encryption key Therefore the Security Code can be left at 0 and the PakBus Encryption Key can be left...

Page 59: ...Utility Connect to each data logger and set the PakBus Address on the Deployment Datalogger tab l Configure the data logger acting as a router l Use data logger support software to set up communications between the computer and the data loggers 9 3 1 Configuring the RF407 Series radio Configure the RF407 Series radio connected to the computer see previous image for reference 1 Ensure your RF407 se...

Page 60: ...nfiguration Utility connect to the RF407 series data logger that will serve as a router 3 On the Deployment Datalogger tab assign a unique PakBus Address see PakBus communications p 97 for more information 4 On the Deployment tab click the Com Ports Settings sub tab 5 From the Select the ComPort list select RF 6 Set the Beacon Interval to 60 seconds or the amount of time you are willing to wait fo...

Page 61: ...dware tab on the right type the PakBus Address you assigned to the router data logger in Device Configuration Utility 11 Optionally click the Rename button to provide the data logger a descriptive name 12 Apply your changes 9 3 2 2 Adding leaf data loggers to the network 1 In the LoggerNet Standard Setup view click the Setup option and click the View menu to ensure you are in the Standard view rig...

Page 62: ...communication methods For example in the following image the router RF407 series data logger communicates with LoggerNet through an RV50 cellular modem connected to RF407 series data logger using the RS 232 port The router RF407 series data logger communicates with the leaf RF407 series data loggers over RF 9 Radio communications option 49 ...

Page 63: ...Ensure the data logger is connected to the computer select Yes to test communications then click Next to initiate the test To troubleshoot an unsuccessful test see Tips and troubleshooting p 117 3 With a successful connection the Datalogger Clock window displays the time for both the data logger and the computer l The Adjusted Server Date Time displays the current reading of the clock for the comp...

Page 64: ...a tables set up in the data logger program will be included for collection Make note of the Output File Name and location Click Next l Check Scheduled Collection Enabled to have LoggerNet automatically collect data from the data logger on the Collection Interval entered When the Base Date and Time are in the past scheduled collection will begin immediately after finishing the EZSetup wizard Click ...

Page 65: ...a program for your data logger Short Cut is included with your data logger support software This section will guide you through programming a CR300 series data logger to measure the voltage of the data logger power supply the internal temperature of the data logger and a thermocouple With minor changes these steps can apply to other measurements Use the following instructions or watch the Quicksta...

Page 66: ...e Measurement 7 Click OK 8 Click Wiring Diagram on the left side of the window to see how to wire the sensor to the data logger With the power disconnected from the data logger insert the wires as directed in the diagram Ensure you clamp the terminal on the conductor not the wire insulation Use the included flat blade screwdriver to open close the terminals 9 Click Sensors on the left side of the ...

Page 67: ...ng a program otherwise data may be lost See Collecting data p 57 for detailed instruction If your data acquisition requirements are simple you can probably create and maintain a data logger program exclusively with Short Cut If your data acquisition needs are more complex the files that Short Cut creates are a great source for programming code to start a new program or add to an existing custom pr...

Page 68: ...2 Using your data logger support software click Send New or Send Program located in the Current Program section on the right side of the window 3 Navigate to the program select it and click Open For example navigate to C Campbellsci SCWin and select MyTemperature CR300 4 Confirm that you would like to proceed and erase all data tables saved on the data logger The program will send and compile 5 Re...

Page 69: ... tables It also only updates when viewed l User defined data tables update at the schedule set within the program For information on collecting your data see Collecting data p 57 Use these instructions or follow the Connect Window tutorial to monitor real time data LoggerNet users select the Main category and Connect on the LoggerNet toolbar select the data logger from the Stations list then click...

Page 70: ...cally through scheduled collections set in LoggerNet Setup Use these instruction or follow the Collect Data Tutorial 12 2 1 Collecting data using LoggerNet 1 From the LoggerNet toolbar click Main and Connect select the data logger from the Stations list then Connect 2 Click Collect Now 3 After the data is collected the Data Collection Results window displays the tables collected and where they are...

Page 71: ... View Pro View Pro contains tools for reviewing data in tabular form as well as several graphical layouts for visualization Use these instructions or follow the View Data Tutorial Once the data logger has had enough time to store multiple records you should collect and review the data 1 To view the most recent data connect the data logger to your computer and collect your data see Collecting data ...

Page 72: ...specifies the default data type If no data type is explicitly specified with the As statement then Float is assumed Measurement variables are stored and calculations are performed internally in IEEE 4 byte floating point with some operations calculated in double precision A good rule of thumb is that resolution will be better than 1 in the seventh digit As Long specifies the variable as a 32 bit i...

Page 73: ...of a single character The string will take up 4 bytes in memory and when stored in a data table but it will hold only one character 12 4 2 Data storage Data can be stored in either IEEE4 or FP2 formats The format is selected in the program instruction that outputs the data i e minimum maximum etc While Float IEEE 4 byte floating point is used for variables and internal calculations FP2 is adequate...

Page 74: ...four rows constitute the file header Subsequent rows contain data records Data tables may store individual measurements individual calculated values or summary data such as averages maximums or minimums Typically files are written to based on time or event The number of data tables is limited to 20 You can retrieve data based on a schedule or by manually choosing to collect data using data logger ...

Page 75: ...s table entries as an example l TOA5 Table output format Changed via LoggerNet Setup Standard View Data Files tab l MyStation Station name Changed via LoggerNet Setup Device Configuration Utility or CRBasic program l CR300 Data logger model l 1142 Data logger serial number l CPU MyTemperature CR300 Data logger program name Changed by sending a new program see Sending a program to the data logger p...

Page 76: ... the default field names in the previous Example data p 61 The third header row identifies engineering units for that field These units are declared at the beginning of a CRBasic program using the optional Units declaration In Short Cut units are chosen when sensors or measurements are added Units are strictly for documentation The data logger does not make use of declared units nor does it check ...

Page 77: ...reating data tables in a program Data is stored in tables as directed by the CRBasic program In Short Cut data tables are created in the Output steps see Creating a Short Cut data logger program p 52 Data tables are created within the CRBasic data logger program using the DataTable EndTable instructions They are placed after variable declarations and before the BeginProg instruction Between DataTa...

Page 78: ...n for data tables that store data based only on time tables that store data based on the DataInterval instruction Event or conditional tables are usually set to a fixed number of records View data table fill times for your program on the Station Status Table Fill Times tab see Checking station status p 118 for more information An example of the Table Fill Times tab follows For information on data ...

Page 79: ...nized as ring memory When the ring is full oldest data is overwritten by newest data Using the FillStop statement sets a program to stop writing to the data table when it is full and no more data is stored until the table is reset To see the total number of records that can be stored before the oldest data is overwritten or to reset tables go to Station Status Table Fill Times in your data logger ...

Page 80: ...nal chip manufacturers specify the flash technology used in Campbell Scientific CPU drives at about 100 000 write erase cycles While Campbell Scientific s in house testing has found the manufacturers specifications to be very conservative it is prudent to note the risk associated with repeated file writes via program control See also Information tables and settings advanced p 150 Also see System s...

Page 81: ...follows 1 Set PGA gain for the voltage range selected with the CRBasic measurement instruction parameter Range Set the ADC for the first notch frequency selected with fN1 2 If used turn on excitation to the level selected with ExmV 3 Multiplex selected terminals SEChan or DiffChan 4 Delay for the entered settling time SettlingTime 5 Perform the analog to digital conversion 6 Repeat for input rever...

Page 82: ...gle ended measurement measures the difference in voltage between the terminal configured for single ended input and the reference ground For example single ended channel 1 is comprised of terminals SE 1 and Single ended terminals are labeled in blue For more information see Wiring panel and terminal functions p 5 The single ended configuration is used with the following CRBasic instructions l Volt...

Page 83: ...ts or measurements For detailed instructions see http www campbellsci com curs100 14 2 1 Voltage Ranges for Current Measurements The data logger measures the current through the use of a 100 Ω resistor Thus like a single ended voltage instruction it requires a voltage range option In general use the smallest fixed input range that accommodates the full scale output of the transmitter This results ...

Page 84: ...hematics for connecting typical current sensors and devices See also Current loop measurement specifications p 190 Sensor Type Connection Example 2 wire transmitter using data logger power 2 wire transmitter using external power 3 wire transmitter using data logger power 14 Measurements 71 ...

Page 85: ...xternal power 14 3 Resistance measurements Bridge resistance is determined by measuring the difference between a known voltage applied to the excitation input of a resistor bridge and the voltage measured on the output arm The data logger supplies a precise voltage excitation via VX terminals Return voltage is measured on 14 Measurements 72 ...

Page 86: ...lf bridge l BrHalf3W three wire half bridge l BrHalf4W four wire half bridge l BrFull four wire full bridge l BrFull6W six wire full bridge See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program examples https help campbellsci com crbasic cr300 Resistive Bridge Type and Circuit Diagram CRBasic Instruction and Fundamental Relationship Relational Formulas Half Bridge1 CRBasic I...

Page 87: ...CRBasic Instruction BrFull Fundamental Relationship These relationships apply to BrFull and BrFull6W Six Wire Full Bridge1 CRBasic Instruction BrFull6W Fundamental Relationship 1 Key Vx excitation voltage V1 V2 sensor return voltages Rf fixed bridge or completion resistor Rs variable or sensing resistor 2 Campbell Scientific offers terminal input modules to facilitate this measurement 14 Measureme...

Page 88: ...ll Bridge Measurement BrFull X 1 mV2500 1 Vx1 1 2500 False True 0 60 1 0 0 0 X_1 1 X 1000 R_3 R_3 R_4 R_1 R_2 1 X_1 X_1 NextScan EndProg 14 3 2 Strain measurements A principal use of the four wire full bridge is the measurement of strain gages in structural stress analysis StrainCalc calculates microstrain µɛ from the formula for the specific bridge configuration used All strain gages supported by...

Page 89: ...uarter bridge strain gage 2 Half bridge strain gage One gage parallel to strain the other at 90 to strain 3 Half bridge strain gage One gage parallel to ɛ the other parallel to ɛ 4 Full bridge strain gage Two gages parallel to ɛ the other two parallel to ɛ 14 Measurements 76 ...

Page 90: ...esistance measurements Consult the following technical papers for in depth treatments of several topics addressing voltage measurement quality l Preventing and Attacking Measurement Noise Problems l Benefits of Input Reversal and Excitation Reversal for Voltage Measurements l Voltage Measurement Accuracy Self Calibration and Ratiometric Measurements NOTE Error discussed in this section and error r...

Page 91: ... methods are different Pulse count measurements use dedicated hardware pulse count accumulators which are always monitoring the input signal even when the data logger is between program scans In contrast period average measurements use program instructions that only monitor the input signal during a program scan Consequently pulse count scans can occur less frequently than period average scans Pul...

Page 92: ...nput types they can measure Input Type Pulse Input Terminal High frequency C all SE 1 4 P_SW P_LL Low level AC P_LL Switch closure C all P_SW Using the PulseCount instruction P_LL P_SW SE 1 4 and C terminals are configurable for pulse input to measure counts or frequency Maximum input frequency is dependent on input voltage If pulse input voltages exceed the maximum voltage third party external si...

Page 93: ...e Rotating magnetic pickup sensors commonly generate ac voltage ranging from millivolts at low rotational speeds to several volts at high rotational speeds CRBasic instruction PulseCount See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program examples https help campbellsci com crbasic cr300 Low level AC signals cannot be measured directly by C terminals Peripheral terminal ex...

Page 94: ...ges l Switch closure anemometers l Flow meters Data output options include counts frequency Hz and running average 14 5 3 1 P_SW Terminal An internal 100 kΩ pull up resistor pulls an input to 3 3 VDC with the switch open whereas a switch closure to ground pulls the input to 0 V l CRBasic instruction PulseCount See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program examples ht...

Page 95: ... a counterclockwise direction Terminals SE1 and SE2 or C1 and C2 can be configured as digital pairs to monitor the two channels of an encoder The Quadrature instruction can return l The accumulated number of counts from channel A and channel B Count will increase if channel A leads channel B Count will decrease if channel B leads channel A l The net direction l Number of counts in the A leading B ...

Page 96: ...he LLAC4 module to convert non TTL level signals including low level ac signals to TTL levels for input to C terminals Understanding the signal to be measured and compatible input terminals and CRBasic instructions is helpful See Pulse input terminals and the input types they can measure p 79 14 5 5 1 Input filters and signal attenuation Terminals configured for pulse input have internal filters t...

Page 97: ...gh vibrating wire interface modules Vibrating wire sensors are the sensor of choice in many environmental and industrial applications that need sensor stability over very long periods such as years or even decades A thermistor included in most sensors can be measured to compensate for temperature errors 14 6 1 VSPECT Measuring the resonant frequency by means of period averaging is the classic tech...

Page 98: ...blic only those variables that need to be public Other variables should be declared as Dim l Be conservative with use of string variables and string variable sizes Make string variables as big as they need to be and no more The default size if not specified is 24 bytes but the minimum is 4 bytes Declare string variables Public and sample string variables into data tables only as needed l When usin...

Page 99: ...r For more information see the Device Configuration Settings Editor Beacon and Verify settings For information on Designing a PakBus network using the Network Planner tool in LoggerNet watch the following video 15 1 General serial communications The data logger supports two way serial communications These communications ports can be used with smart sensors that deliver measurement data through ser...

Page 100: ...e often used in SCADA networks Data loggers can communicate using Modbus on all available communication ports The data logger communicates using Modbus over RS 232 using a RS 232 to RS 485 adapter and over TCP using an Ethernet or Wireless connection CRBasic Modbus instructions include l ModbusMaster l ModbusSlave l MoveBytes See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and pro...

Page 101: ...ry computer allowing them to relay measurement data device status control commands and configuration information The popularity of Modbus has grown because it is freely available and because its messaging structure is independent of the type of physical interface or connection that is used Modbus can coexist with other types of connections on the same physical interface at the same time You can op...

Page 102: ...cter This is analogous to pizza being understood and piz za being gibberish It s important to note that communications hardware used for Modbus RTU such as radios must transfer data as entire packets without injecting delays in the middle of Modbus messages l Modbus ASCII Used in serial communications data is transmitted as an ASCII representation of the hexadecimal values Timing requirements are ...

Page 103: ...vailable communication ports Consideration should be given to proper surge protection of any cabled connection Between systems of significantly different ground potential optical isolation may be appropriate For additional information on grounds see Grounds p 10 The data logger communicates with Modbus over RS 232 or RS 485 using a RS 232 to RS 485 adapter and over TCP using an Ethernet or wireles...

Page 104: ...ger must be enabled through configuration or programming See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed information on program structure syntax and each instruction available to the data logger CRBasic Modbus instructions include l ModbusMaster l ModbusSlave l MoveBytes See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program examples https help campbellsci com crbasic cr300 15 2 6 1...

Page 105: ...nput 04 04 hex Read Input Registers 03 03 hex Read Holding Registers 06 06 hex Write single Holding Register 16 10 hex Write multiple Holding Registers The write register functions will only work on holding registers Function 06 only changes one 16 bit register whereas function 16 changes multiple registers Note when writing registers the Variable parameter for the ModbusMaster instruction refers ...

Page 106: ...pped including the offset That means 40001 in the documentation is really register number 40001 Those are rare instances and the equipment is deviating from standards If 1 or 2 don t work for the Start parameter try 40001 and 40002 15 2 7 2 Coils Discrete digital I O channels in Modbus are referred to as coils The term coil has its roots in digital outputs operating solenoid coils in an industrial...

Page 107: ...on variable as type Long A Long is a 32 bit signed integer that contains the value received Select the appropriate ModbusOption to avoid post processing Signed 16 bit integer Signed 16 bit integers use 1 register per value On the data logger declare your destination variable as type Long A Long is a 32 bit signed integer that contains the value received Select the appropriate ModbusOption to avoid...

Page 108: ... slave when either it does not support the function at all or does not support that function code on the requested registers Different devices support different functions consult the device documentation If the function code is supported make sure you are not trying to write to a register labeled as read only It is common for devices to have holding registers where read only and read write registe...

Page 109: ...pen should be a number less than 99 Provided the data logger has a working network connection further troubleshooting can be done with a computer running Modbus software Connect the computer to the same network and attempt to open a Modbus TCP connection to the problem slave device Once you resolve the connection between the computer and the slave device the connection from the data logger should ...

Page 110: ...data logger allows PakBus communications on all available communications ports For additional information see The Many Possibilities of PakBus Networking blog article Advantages of PakBus include l Simultaneous communications between the data logger and other devices l Peer to peer communications no computer required Special CRBasic instructions simplify transferring data between data loggers for ...

Page 111: ...up l SDI12SensorResponse l SDI12Watch See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program examples https help campbellsci com crbasic cr300 The data logger uses SDI 12 version 1 4 15 6 1 SDI 12 transparent mode System operators can manually interrogate and enter settings in probes using transparent mode Transparent mode is useful in troubleshooting SDI 12 systems because i...

Page 112: ... SDI 12 sensor is connected and press Enter For example 1 is entered for terminal C1 4 An Entering SDI12 Terminal response indicates that SDI 12 transparent mode is active and ready to transmit SDI 12 commands and display responses The terminal mode utility allows monitoring of SDI 12 traffic by using the watch command sniffer mode Watch an instructional video or use the following instructions 1 E...

Page 113: ...e sensor responds to each command Responses have several standard forms and terminate with CR LF carriage return line feed 15 6 2 SDI 12 programmed mode recorder mode The data logger can be programmed to read SDI 12 sensors or act as an SDI 12 sensor itself The SDI12Recorder instruction automates sending commands and recording responses With this instruction the commands to poll sensors and retrie...

Page 114: ...nfigured for SDI 12 to terminal configured for SDI 12 or to copy data to a third party SDI 12 recorder See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed instruction information and program examples https help campbellsci com crbasic cr300 When programmed as an SDI 12 sensor the data logger will respond to SDI 12 commands M MC C CC R RC V and I When acting as a sensor the data logger can be assigned only on...

Page 115: ...d be excessive Spreading sensors over several SDI 12 terminals helps reduce power consumption Table 15 1 Example power use for a network of SDI 12 probes Time into Measurement Processes Command All Probes Awake Time Out Expires Probe 1 mA Probe 2 mA Probe 3 mA Probe 4 mA Total mA Sleep 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 1 1 1M Yes 120 66 66 66 318 2 14 120 66 66 66 318 15 Yes 120 66 66 66 318 16 1D0 Yes 66 66 66...

Page 116: ...for all of our products Video tutorials http www campbellsci com au videos and blog articles http www campbellsci com au blog are also useful troubleshooting resources If calibration or repair is needed the procedure shown on http www campbellsci com au repair should be followed when sending the product 16 1 Data logger calibration 103 16 2 Data logger security 104 16 3 Data logger enclosures 108 ...

Page 117: ...certificate Watch an instructional video 16 2 Data logger security Data logger security concerns include l Collection of sensitive data l Operation of critical systems l Networks that are accessible to many individuals Some options to secure your data logger from mistakes or tampering include l Sending the latest operating system to the data logger See Updating the operating system p 113 for more ...

Page 118: ...sic help FileEncrypt instruction or use the CRBasic Editor File menu Save and Encrypt option l Hiding program files for extra protection see CRBasic help FileManage instruction l Monitoring your data logger for changes by tracking program and operating system signatures as well as CPU file contents l Securing the physical data logger and power supply under lock and key WARNING All security feature...

Page 119: ...etSecurity instruction Up to three levels of security can be set Valid security codes are 1 through 65535 0 confers no security Security 1 must be set before Security 2 Security 2 must be set before Security 3 If any one of the codes is set to 0 any security code level greater than it will be set to 0 For example if Security 2 is 0 then Security 3 is automatically set to 0 Security codes are unloc...

Page 120: ... interface watch an instructional video NOTE Ethernet over USB RNDIS is considered a direct communications connection Therefore it is a trusted connection and csipasswd does not apply When a file named csipasswd is stored on the data logger CPU drive basic access authentication is enabled in the data logger and read write access to the web interface can be defined Multiple user accounts with diffe...

Page 121: ...on Utility If the numeric security code has been enabled and no csipasswd file is on the data logger then that numeric security code must be entered to access the data logger If a csipasswd file is on the data logger the username and password employed by the basic access authentication will eliminate the need for entering the numeric security code 16 2 3 1 Command syntax Syntax for the commands se...

Page 122: ...lithium battery life is extended when the data logger is installed with an external power source If the data logger is used in a high temperature application the battery life is shortened To prevent clock and memory issues it is recommended you proactively replace the battery every 5 years or more frequently when operating continuously in high temperatures For example replace at least every 2 year...

Page 123: ...ference the external battery voltage 16 4 1 Replacing the internal battery It is recommended that you send the data logger in for scheduled calibration which includes internal battery replacement see Data logger calibration p 103 WARNING Any damage made to the data logger during user replacement of the internal battery is not covered under warranty 1 Loosen or remove the screws from the sides of t...

Page 124: ... induce voltage in power lines or wires connected to instrumentation While elaborate expensive and nearly infallible lightning protection systems are on the market Campbell Scientific for many years has employed a simple and inexpensive design that protects most systems in most circumstances The system consists of a lightning rod metal mast heavy gauge ground wire and ground rod to direct damaging...

Page 125: ...rts are another path for transients You should provide communications paths such as telephone or short haul modem lines with spark gap protection Spark gap protection is usually an option with these products so request it when ordering Spark gaps must be connected to earth chassis ground For detailed information on grounding see Grounds p 10 16 CR300 series maintenance 112 ...

Page 126: ...he extreme cold constricts the power available from the power supply System operating time for batteries can be estimated by dividing the battery capacity ampere hours by the average system current drain amperes For more information see l Application Note Power Supplies l Power Budget Spreadsheet l Video Tutorial Power Budgeting See also l Power input p 7 l Power output p 9 l Power requirements p ...

Page 127: ...download and double click to run the file This will extract the obj OS file to the C Campbellsci Lib OperatingSystems folder 3 Supply power to the data logger If connecting via USB for the first time you must first install USB drivers by using Device Configuration Utility select your data logger then on the main page click Install USB Driver Alternately you can install the USB drivers using EZ Set...

Page 128: ...hould be done with great caution as updating the OS may reset the data logger settings even settings critical to supporting the telecommunication link 1 Download the latest Operating System at http www campbellsci com au downloads 2 Locate the exe download and double click to run the file This will extract the obj OS file to the C Campbellsci Lib OperatingSystems folder 3 Using data logger support...

Page 129: ...gger Note the following precautions when sending as a program l Any peripherals being powered through the SW12 terminal will be turned off until the program logic turns them on again l Operating systems are very large files Be cautious of data charges Sending over a direct serial or USB connection is recommended when possible 16 CR300 series maintenance 116 ...

Page 130: ...y increase the dielectric constant of the cable sufficiently to impede sensor signals or it may migrate into the sensor which will damage sensor electronics 3 Check the CRBasic program If the program was written solely with Short Cut the program is probably not the source of the problem If the program was written or edited with CRBasic Editor logic and syntax errors could easily have crept in To t...

Page 131: ...ams FAQs specifications and compatibility information for all of our products Video tutorials http www campbellsci com au videos and blog articles http www campbellsci com au blog are also useful troubleshooting resources 17 1 Checking station status View the condition of the data logger using Station Status Here you see the operating system version of the data logger the name of the current progr...

Page 132: ...Poor ground connection on the power supply l Numerous PortSet instructions back to back with no delay l High speed serial data on multiple ports with very large data packets or bursts of data The error Results for Last Program Compiled Warning Watchdog Timer IpTask Triggered can result from l The IP communications on the data logger got stuck and the data logger had to reboot itself to recover Or ...

Page 133: ... table when it should have been 17 1 6 Variable out of bounds Variable out of bounds errors happen when an array is not sized to the demands of the program The data logger attempts to catch out of bounds errors at compile time However it is not always possible when these errors occur during runtime the variable out of bounds field increments Variable out of bounds errors are always caused by progr...

Page 134: ...pressed in data tables as the most negative number for a given data type For example the most negative number of data type FP2 is 7999 so NAN for FP2 data will appear in a data table as 7999 If the data type is Long NAN will appear in the data table as 2 147 483 648 Because NAN is a constant it can be used in conjunction with the disable variable parameter DisableVar in output processing instructi...

Page 135: ...ock check transactions It adds this average to the time values received from the data logger and subtracts it from any adjustment that it might make 17 3 2 Time stamps A measurement without an accurate time reference often has little meaning Data collected from data loggers is stored with time stamps How closely a time stamp corresponds to the actual time a measurement is taken depends on several ...

Page 136: ...several measurements Associated time stamps only reflect the time of the scan when processing calculations were completed so the significance of the exact time a specific sample was measured diminishes Applications measuring and storing sample data wherein exact time stamps are required can be adversely affected by time stamp skew Skew can be avoided by l Making measurements in the scan before tim...

Page 137: ... updates the computer compiler To update the data logger operating system see Updating the operating system p 113 l The program has large memory requirements for data tables or variables and the data logger does not have adequate memory This normally is flagged at compile time in the compile results If this type of error occurs o Check the CPU drive for copies of old programs The data logger keeps...

Page 138: ...k See also Radio communications option p 42 For specifications information see RF radio option specifications p 194 17 6 Reducing out of memory errors When the data logger gives an Out of memory error upon program compile it means that there is no unused continuous section of memory large enough to fit an element of the program The most common cause of this error is a large variable array In that ...

Page 139: ... data logger before sending a program otherwise data may be lost See Collecting data p 57 for detailed instruction When a program compiles all variables are initialized A program is recompiled after a power failure or a manual stop For instances that require variables to be preserved through a program recompile consider PreserveVariables and PreserveOneVariable instructions and User Settings Entri...

Page 140: ...m variables l Clears communications memory See Updating the operating system p 113 for more information 17 8 Troubleshooting power supplies Power supply systems may include batteries charging regulators and a primary power source such as solar panels or ac ac or ac dc transformers attached to mains power All components may need to be checked if the power supply is not functioning properly Check co...

Page 141: ...ed Terminal commands consist of specific characters followed by Enter Sending an H and Enter will return the terminal emulator menu ESC or a 40 second timeout will terminate on going commands Concurrent terminal sessions are not allowed and will result in dropped communications Terminal commands are subject to change Please consult Campbell Scientific for assistance if you are not familiar with th...

Page 142: ...rial port to the connected device Similar in concept to SDI12 Talk Through No timeout when connected via PakBus REBOOT Program recompile Typing REBOOT rapidly will recompile the CR300 series program immediately after the last letter T is entered Table memory is retained NOTE When typing REBOOT characters are not echoed printed on terminal screen SDI12 SDI12 talk through Issue commands from keyboar...

Page 143: ...rt the probability is higher that a non PakBus character will arrive at the closed serial port thus closing an existing talk through or comms watch session If this occurs use the FileManager setting to send comms watch or sniffer to a file For more information on Comms Watch see a video at https www campbellsci com videos sdi12 sensors watch or sniffer mode 17 9 2 SDI 12 transparent mode System op...

Page 144: ... SDI 12 sensor is connected and press Enter For example 1 is entered for terminal C1 4 An Entering SDI12 Terminal response indicates that SDI 12 transparent mode is active and ready to transmit SDI 12 commands and display responses The terminal mode utility allows monitoring of SDI 12 traffic by using the watch command sniffer mode Watch an instructional video or use the following instructions 1 E...

Page 145: ... Query command Some manufacturers may allow it to be used in other commands SDI 12 sensors accept addresses 0 through 9 a through z and A through Z l Command body for example M1 An upper case letter the command followed by alphanumeric qualifiers l Command termination An exclamation mark An active sensor responds to each command Responses have several standard forms and terminate with CR LF carria...

Page 146: ...hen problems arise in a system ground loops may be the source of the problems See also Grounds p 10 17 10 1 Common causes Some of the common causes of ground loops include the following l The drain wire of a shielded cable is connected to the local ground at both ends and the ground is already being carried by a conductor inside the cable In this case two wires one on either side of the cable shie...

Page 147: ...arger electromagnetic energy The antenna loop scenario can have a more damaging effect when a large current is discharged nearby The creation of an electromagnetic pulse can induce a surge that damages attached electronic devices Another way ground loops affect a system is by allowing ground current to flow between devices This can be either a DC or AC effect For various reasons the voltage potent...

Page 148: ...ded 17 10 3 Severing a ground loop To avoid or eliminate ground loops when they are detected requires severing the loop Suggestions for severing ground loops include l Connect the shield wire of a signal cable to ground only at one end of the cable Leave the other end floating not connected to ground l Never intentionally use the shield or drain wire of a cable as a signal ground or power ground l...

Page 149: ...When measuring soil moisture with a resistance block or water conductivity with a resistance cell the potential exists for a ground loop error In the case of an ionic soil matric potential soil moisture sensor a ground loop arises because soil and water provide an alternate path for the excitation to return to data logger ground This example is modeled in the following image With Rg in the resisto...

Page 150: ...f DC excitation was used to make the measurement Campbell Scientific resistive soil probes and conductivity probes are built with series capacitors to block this DC current In addition to preventing sensor deterioration the capacitors block any DC component from affecting the measurement 17 11 Improving voltage measurement quality The following topics discuss methods of generally improving voltage...

Page 151: ...ifferential measurements Some Campbell Scientific sensors are not designed for differential measurement but the drawbacks of a single ended measurement are usually mitigated by large programmed excitation and or sensor output voltages Sensors with a high signal to noise ratio such as a relative humidity sensor with a full scale output of 0 to 1000 mV can normally be measured as single ended withou...

Page 152: ...round any difference in ground potential between the sensor and the data logger will result in a measurement error Differential measurements MUST be used when the input ground is known to be at a different ground potential from data logger ground Ground potential differences are a common problem when measuring full bridge sensors strain gages pressure transducers etc and when measuring thermocoupl...

Page 153: ...quality power regulators typically reduce noise due to power regulation Using the 50 Hz or 60 Hz first notch frequency fN1 option for CRBasic analog input measurement instructions often improves rejection of noise sourced from power mains The CRBasic standard deviation output instruction StdDev can be used to evaluate measurement noise The data logger includes adjustable digital filtering which se...

Page 154: ...adjustable filter to analog measurements reducing signal components at selected frequencies The following figures show the frequency response of the filters applied when the first notch frequency fN1 is set to 4000 400 or 50 60 Hz respectively Note that the same filter is applied when fN1 is set to either 50 or 60 Hz simultaneously filtering both 50 and 60 Hz signal components Commonly fN1 is set ...

Page 155: ...ement The induced voltage in an LVDT decays with time as current in the primary coil shifts from the inductor to the series resistance a long integration may result in most of signal decaying before the measurement is complete Consult the following technical paper at www campbellsci com app notes for in depth treatment of measurement noise Preventing and Attacking Measurement Noise Problems fN1 se...

Page 156: ...fN1 set to 50 or 60 Hz 17 Tips and troubleshooting 143 ...

Page 157: ...e settling time l In difficult cases where measurement speed is a consideration an appropriate settling time can be determined through testing 17 11 5 1 Measuring settling time Settling time for a particular sensor and cable can be measured with the CR300 series Programming a series of measurements with increasing settling times will yield data that indicate at what settling time a further increas...

Page 158: ...0 60 1 0 0 BrFull PT 17 1 mV2500 1 Vx1 1 2500 False True 1700 60 1 0 0 BrFull PT 18 1 mV2500 1 Vx1 1 2500 False True 1800 60 1 0 0 BrFull PT 19 1 mV2500 1 Vx1 1 2500 False True 1900 60 1 0 0 BrFull PT 20 1 mV2500 1 Vx1 1 2500 False True 2000 60 1 0 0 CallTable Settle NextScan EndProg The first six measurements are shown in the following table Table 17 2 Example data from Measuring Settling Time Pr...

Page 159: ...ement Accuracy is defined as follows accuracy percent of reading offset where percents of reading and offsets are displayed in the Analog measurement specifications p 187 NOTE Error discussed in this section and error related specifications of the data logger do not include error introduced by the sensor or by the transmission of the sensor signal to the data logger 17 11 6 1 Measurement accuracy ...

Page 160: ...set on a 0 25 mV signal causes an error of 1 2 Measurement offset voltages are unavoidable but can be minimized Offset voltages originate with l Ground currents see Minimizing ground potential differences p 139 l Seebeck effect l Residual voltage from a previous measurement Remedies include l Connecting power grounds to power ground terminals G l Automatic offset compensation for single ended meas...

Page 161: ...ment instruction such as occurs when VoltSE is programmed with Reps 2 or more measurements on subsequent terminals may be affected by an offset the magnitude of which is a function of the voltage from the previous measurement While this offset is usually small and negligible when measuring large signals significant error or NAN can occur when measuring very small signals This effect is caused by d...

Page 162: ... name file extension is longer than 59 characters an Invalid Filename error is displayed If several files are stored each with a long file name memory allocated to the root directory can be exceeded before the actual memory of storing files is exceeded When this occurs an Insufficient resources or memory full error is displayed 17 Tips and troubleshooting 149 ...

Page 163: ... Settings Settings can be accessed from the LoggerNet Connect Screen Datalogger Settings Editor or using Device Configuration Utility Settings Editor tab Clicking on a setting in Device Configuration Utility also provides information about that setting l Terminal Mode A list of setting field names is also available from the data logger terminal mode from Device Configuration Utility click the Term...

Page 164: ...nformation Most fields in the DataTableInfo table are read only and of a numeric data type unless noted Error counters for example SkippedRecord may be reset to 0 for troubleshooting purposes l LoggerNet users select DataTableInfo from the Table Monitor list l PC200W and PC400 users click the Monitor Data tab and add the DataTableInfo to display it 18 1 1 DataFillDays Reports the time required to ...

Page 165: ...ble are read only and of a numeric data type unless noted Error counters for example WatchdogErrors or SkippedScan may be reset to 0 for troubleshooting purposes Status table values may be accessed programatically using SetStatus or Tablename Fieldname syntax For example Variable Status Fieldname For more information see https www campbellsci com blog programmatically access stored data values 18 ...

Page 166: ...e CR300 series data loggers with serial numbers 2812 and older have a 5 MB CPU drive and 10 MB serial flash storage CR300 series data loggers with serial numbers 2813 and newer and all CR310 data loggers have an 80 MB CPU drive and 30 MB serial flash storage 18 2 9 FullMemReset Enter 98765 to start a full memory reset all data and programs will be erased 18 2 10 LastSlowScan Reports the time of th...

Page 167: ...tion and settling time Assumes all measurement instructions will run each scan Updated when a main scan begins 18 2 15 MemoryFree Unallocated final data memory on the CPU bytes All free memory may not be available for data tables As memory is allocated and freed holes of unallocated memory which are unusable for final data memory may be created Updated after compile completes 18 2 16 MemorySize To...

Page 168: ...Updates when the port configuration changes l String data type 18 2 23 PortStatus States of C terminals configured for control On high true or off low false Array elements in numeric order of C terminals Default false Updates when state changes Enter 1 to set to true Enter 0 to set to false l Boolean data type 18 2 24 ProcessTime Processing time μs of the last scan Time is measured from the end of...

Page 169: ...re of the running binary compiled program Value is independent of comments or non functional changes Often changes with operating system changes Updates after compiling and before running the program 18 2 31 SerialNumber CR300 series serial number assigned by the factory when the data logger was calibrated Stored in flash memory Updated at startup 18 2 32 SerialFlashErrors Reports on the serial fl...

Page 170: ...am started Updates at beginning of program compile l NSEC data type 18 2 36 StartUpCode Indicates how the running program was compiled Updated at startup 65 Run on powerup is running and normal powerup occurred 0 Normal shutdown 1 Restart due to a power loss 2 Restart due to watchdog reset 18 2 37 StationName Station name stored in flash memory This is not the same name as that is entered into you...

Page 171: ...ets automatically when a new program is compiled Enter 0 to reset Updated at startup and at occurrence 18 2 42 WiFiUpdateReq Shows if WiFi operating system update is available Update available true or not false Updates when state changes l Boolean data type 18 3 Settings Settings can be accessed from the LoggerNet Connect Screen Datalogger Setting Editor or using Device Configuration Utility Setti...

Page 172: ...e default verification interval if the value of the Verify setting for the associated port is zero If the value of this setting is non zero and the value of the Verify setting is zero the effective verify interval will be calculated as 2 5 times the value for this setting If both the value of this setting and the value of the Verify setting is zero the effective verify interval will be 300 seconds...

Page 173: ...ta type 18 3 7 EthernetInfo Reports the IP address network mask and default gateway for each of the data logger s active network interfaces If DHCP is used for the interface this setting will report the value that was configured by the DHCP server l String data type l Read only 18 3 8 EthernetPower This setting specifies how the data logger controls power to its Ethernet interface This setting pro...

Page 174: ...o disable it 18 3 15 HTTPPort Configures the TCP port on which the HTTP web server service is offered Generally the default value is sufficient unless a different value needs to be specified to accommodate port mapping rules in a network address translation firewall Default 80 18 3 16 HTTPSEnabled Set to 1 to enable the HTTPS secure web server service 18 3 17 HTTPSPort Configures the TCP port on w...

Page 175: ...he equivalent to the IPAddressEth status table variable l String data type 18 3 20 IPGateway Specifies the IP address of the network gateway on the same subnet as the Ethernet interface If the value of the Ethernet IP Address setting is set to 0 0 0 0 the default the data logger will configure the effective value of this setting using DHCP This setting is the equivalent to the IPGateway status tab...

Page 176: ...st to other routers in the PakBus network It will also obtain and receive neighbor lists from other routers If the value of this setting is false the data logger will be configured to act as a leaf node In this configuration the data logger will not be able to forward packets from one port to another and it will not maintain a list of neighbors Under this configuration the data logger can still co...

Page 177: ... If this value is specified as an empty string the data logger will not use PakBus encryption If this value is specified as a non empty string however the data logger will not respond to any PakBus message unless that message has been encrypted l String data type 18 3 31 PakBusNodes Discontinued aliased to CommsMemAlloc 18 3 32 PakBusPort This setting specifies the TCP service port for PakBus comm...

Page 178: ... the dial string or up to the next semicolon If multiple semicolons are specified in succession the data logger will add a delay of one second for each additional semicolon If a value of PPP is specified for this setting will configure the data logger to act as a PPP client without any modem dialing Finally an empty string the default will configure the data logger to listen for incoming PPP conne...

Page 179: ...outing or processing of some PakBus message types so that a state changing message can only be processed or forwarded by this data logger if the source address of that message is in one of the source ranges and the destination address of that message is in the corresponding destination range If no ranges are specified the default the data logger will not apply any routing restrictions State changi...

Page 180: ...he Telnet service 18 3 51 TLSConnections This setting controls the number of concurrent TLS secure or encrypted client socket connections that the data logger will be capable of handling at any given time This will affect FTPS and HTTPS services This count will be increased by the number of DNP instructions in the data logger program This setting will control the amount of RAM that the data logger...

Page 181: ...iversal Time in their headers This setting will also be adjusted by the Daylight Savings functions if they adjust the clock If a value of 1 is supplied for this setting no UTC offset will be applied 18 3 56 Verify This setting specifies the interval in units of seconds that will be reported as the link verification interval in the PakBus hello transaction messages It will indirectly govern the rat...

Page 182: ...fo Cellular network state information Reports the cellular IP address default gateway DNS network state cell carrier connection type phone number associated with the SIM card and data usage l String data type l Read only Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Cellular Diagnostic Info 18 3 57 4 CellKeepAlive URL for ping to verify network connectivity This is only sent ...

Page 183: ...ice Configuration Utility Cellular PDP Authentication Type PPP Authentication User Name PPP Authentication Password 18 3 57 7 CellPDPPassword Specifies the PDP password used for authentication Often there is no password and this field can be left blank If a password is required it will be provided by your cellular provider with the APN l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Devi...

Page 184: ...er the first time that the data logger powers on its cellular interface that the data logger will power its cellular interface at subsequent times throughout the day For example setting a Start Time of 08 00 with an On Duration of 15 minutes and a Repeat Cycle of Every Hour will result in the cellular module being powered on at 8 00AM for 15 minutes every hour until midnight l Long data type Where...

Page 185: ...llent 0 to 6 3G 9 4G Good 7 to 10 3G 9 to 12 4G Fair to Poor 11 to 20 3G 13 or less 4G l Float data type l Read only Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Cellular Signal Quality 18 3 57 13 CellRSSI CellRSRP Specifies the signal strength of the modem in dBm For 3G this is RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator For 4G this is RSRP Reference Signal Received Power Updat...

Page 186: ...iting for retry l Powered up SIM auth failure l Querying modem l Waiting for network registration l Configuring modem l Dialing l Dialing retry l Dialed l PPP negotiation l Network ready l PPP closing l PPP paused l PPP dropped l Terminal AT command mode l Firmware update mode l Shutting down l String data type l Read only Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Cellula...

Page 187: ...plays the bitfield of the frequencies that are available in the module s region of operation l String data type l Read only Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Radio Available Frequencies 18 3 58 2 RadioChanMask The channel mask allows channels to be selectively enabled or disabled This allows you to avoid using frequencies that experience unacceptable levels of RF ...

Page 188: ...ioMAC Radio serial number l String data type l Read only Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Radio Radio MAC Address 18 3 58 6 RadioModel Reports the model of the internal radio module l String data type l Read only Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Radio Radio Model 18 3 58 7 RadioModuleVer Radio hardware version l Long data type l...

Page 189: ...orks The radio will automatically inherit an RF identifier equal to the PakBus address of the device to which it is serially attached In this mode the radio will be capable of performing RF level retries and acknowledgments and provide a more reliable link than Transparent mode used for broadcast messaging You do not need to manually set a unique RF Radio Address or a unique PakBus Address This de...

Page 190: ...t again A receiving radio responds to the sending radio with an ACK packet for every radio packet that it receives that is addressed to it and has a valid CRC Retry levels and counts l None 0 l Low 2 l Medium 4 l High 6 Set Retry Level to None when the Protocol setting is set to Transparent for the purpose of communicating with other RF407 series radios l Long data type Where to find l Settings Ed...

Page 191: ...the integrated radio and this setting is generated from that table The fields reported for this setting are as follows l PakBus Address Specifies the PakBus address of the neighbor reached through an integrated radio link l Sent Packets Reports the number of radio packets that have been transmitted to the PakBus neighbor using the integrated radio link l Received Packets Reports the number of radi...

Page 192: ...These settings are available for data loggers with integrated WIFI modules Where to find l All settings Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Wi Fi tab l Key settings in Device Configuration Utility Deployment Wi Fi tab See also Wi Fi communications option p 25 NOTE A list of Settings fieldnames is also available from the data logger terminal mode using command F 18 3 59 1 IPAddressW...

Page 193: ...nt channels are 5 MHz apart and the bandwidth of each channel is 20 MHz which means that adjacent channels overlap To completely avoid interference there must be a spacing of at least 5 channels between each Wi Fi network It is therefore recommended to use channels 1 6 and 11 l Long data type 18 3 59 5 WiFiConfig Configure the WiFi network Join create or disable network l Long data type where o 0 ...

Page 194: ...EP security enabled network then this is where the WEP key is entered If creating a network and a password is supplied the network will be created using WPA2 encryption The password must be at least 8 characters If a password is not supplied an open unencrypted network will be created When joining a network the device supports 64 bit WEP and 128 bit WEP For 64 bit WEP enter a 40 bit key in the for...

Page 195: ... 14 WiFiStatus Specifies the current status of the Wi Fi module l String data type l Read only 18 3 59 15 WiFiTxPowerLevel This fixes the transmit power level of the Wi fi module This value can be set as follows Low 7 1 dBm Medium 10 1 dBm High 15 2 dBm The value of this setting does not affect power consumption l Long data type 18 3 59 16 WLANDomainName The WLAN Domain Name is only relevant when ...

Page 196: ...9 8 Communications specifications 193 19 9 Standards compliance specifications 195 19 1 System specifications Processor ARM Cortex M4 running at 144 MHz Memory l CPU Drive 80 MB serial flash l Data Storage 30 MB serial flash l Operating System 2 MB flash l Settings Calibration TLS Certificates and Key System Information 3 MB serial flash l Background Tasks Buffers System Memory Table Memory Progra...

Page 197: ... measurements such as thermocouples 19 2 Physical specifications Dimensions additional clearance required for cables wires and antennas l CR300 13 97 x 7 62 x 4 56 cm 5 5 x 3 0 x 1 8 in For CAD files see CR300 Images and CAD 2D Drawings l CR310 16 3 x 8 4 x 5 6 cm 6 4 x 3 3 x 2 2 in For CAD files see CR310 Images and CAD 2D Drawings Weight Mass l CR300 242 g 0 53 lb l CR300 WIFI RF407 RF412 RF422 ...

Page 198: ...tive 51 mA USB Power Functions that will be active with USB 5 VDC include sending programs adjusting data logger settings and making some measurements If USB is the only power source then the VX1 and VX2 ranges are reduced to 150 to 2500 mV The SW12V terminal will not be operational For the control terminals C1 C2 voltage output is limited to 4 75 V and current output is limited to 8 mA Cellular A...

Page 199: ...dle 0 5 s Power Mode 4 mA 3 5 mA Idle 1 s Power Mode 3 mA 2 mA Idle 4 s Power Mode 1 5 mA 1 5 mA See also Power output p 9 19 4 Power output specifications System power out limits when powered with 12 VDC Current is limited by a self resetting thermal fuse l 5 8 A 40 C l 3 7 A 20 C l 2 0 A 70 C VX Two independently configurable voltage terminals VX1 VX2 VX outputs are produced by a 12 bit DAC In t...

Page 200: ... causes voltage drop Disconnect and let cool to reset Operate at limit if the application can tolerate some fluctuation o 1200 mA 40 C o 1100 mA 20 C o 830 mA 70 C See also Power output p 9 19 5 Analog measurement specifications 6 single ended SE or 3 differential DIFF terminals individually configurable for voltage thermocouple current loop ratiometric and period average measurements using a 24 b...

Page 201: ...t Reversal Single Ended and Differential without Input Reversal Notch Frequency fN1 Hz Range1 mV RMS µV Bits2 RMS µV Bits2 4000 100 to 2500 34 to 34 23 3 0 16 8 14 5 33 4 2 16 3 14 0 400 100 to 2500 34 to 34 3 8 0 58 19 4 16 8 5 4 0 82 18 9 16 3 50 603 100 to 2500 34 to 34 1 6 0 23 20 6 18 2 2 3 0 33 20 1 17 7 1 Range overhead of 10 on all ranges guarantees that full scale values will not cause ov...

Page 202: ...surement time multiplexed measurement time settling time reps 0 8 ms Differential with Input Reversal Single Ended or Differential without Input Reversal Example fN11 Hz Time2 ms Time2 ms 4000 2 9 1 4 400 14 6 7 3 50 60 103 51 5 1 Notch frequency 1 integration time 2 Default settling time of 500 µs used See also Voltage measurements p 68 19 5 2 Resistance measurement specifications The data logger...

Page 203: ...nded channel Terminals SE1 SE4 Accuracy 0 01 of measurement resolution where resolution is 0 13 µs divided by the number of cycles to be measured Voltage Range 0 to 3 3 V Minimum Pulse Width 2 5 µs Voltage Threshold Counts cycles on transition from 0 9 VDC to 2 1 VDC See also Period averaging measurements p 78 19 5 4 Current loop measurement specifications Two analog inputs terminals may be config...

Page 204: ...ency 150 Hz Minimum Switch Closed Time 3 ms Minimum Switch Open Time 3 ms Maximum Bounce Time 1 ms open without being counted 19 6 2 High frequency input Terminals l SE1 SE4 l P_LL l P_SW l C1 C2 Maximum Input Frequency l SE1 SE4 35 kHz l P_LL 20 kHz l P_SW 35 kHz l C1 C2 3 kHz 19 6 3 Low level AC input Terminal P_LL Maximum Input Voltage 20 VDC DC offset Rejection Internal AC coupling eliminates ...

Page 205: ...ts p 78 for additional information 19 7 Digital input output specifications Up to seven terminals may be configured for digital input or output I O Terminals l SE1 SE4 l P_SW l C1 C2 Digital I O Voltage Levels Terminal High State Low State Current Source Maximum Input Voltage C1 C2 5 0 V output 3 3V input 0 V 10 mA at 3 5 V 10 V 15 V SE1 SE2 3 3 V 0 V 100 µA at 3 0 V 6 V 9 V SE3 SE4 P_SW 3 3 V 0 V...

Page 206: ...X magnetic isolation and TVS surge protection See also Ethernet communications option p 21 Internet Protocols Ethernet PPP RNDIS ICMP Ping Auto IP APIPA IPv4 IPv6 UDP TCP TLS v1 2 DNS DHCP SLAAC Telnet HTTP S FTP S POP3 TLS NTP SMTP TLS Additional Protocols PakBus PakBus Encryption SDI 12 Modbus RTU ASCII TCP DNP3 custom user definable over serial UDP USB Device Micro B device for computer connect...

Page 207: ... with Listen before Talk LBT and Automatic Frequency Agility AFA Frequency l RF407 902 to 928 MHz US Canada l RF412 915 to 928 MHz Australia New Zealand l RF422 863 to 870 MHz European Union l RF427 902 to 907 5 MHz 915 to 928 MHz Brazil Transmit Power Output software selectable l RF407 and RF412 5 to 250 mW l RF422 2 to 25 mW l RF427 5 to 250 mW Channel Capacity l RF407 Eight 25 channel hop seque...

Page 208: ...LTE with automatic 3G fallback EMEA ü CELL220 4G LTE with automatic 3G fallback Australia and New Zealand ü CELL225 4G LTE Japan ü Confirm modem compliance for country carrier where services are needed See https s campbellsci com documents us miscellaneous Cellular 20Modem 20Frequency 20B ands pdf for a complete list of supported frequency bands Antenna Terminal SMA SIM Slot Industry standard 3FF ...

Page 209: ...co IF RCPDIXB15 0672 A1 RF412 Option l ACMA RCM l United States FCC Part 15 247 l MCQ XB900HP l Industry Canada IC 1846A XB900HP RF422 Option View EU Declaration of Conformity at www campbellsci com cr300 and www campbellsci com cr310 RF427 Option Brazil ANATEL standards in Resolution No 506 08335 17 10644 View the RF427 Brazilian Certificate of Conformity at www campbellsci com cr300 and www camp...

Page 210: ...sterdays_usage KB Public cell_this_months_usage Units cell_this_months_usage KB Public cell_last_months_usage Units cell_last_months_usage KB Public cell_rssi As Long Units cell_rssi DB Public cell_info As String 400 Public cell_ip_address As String 40 Public cell_rsrp As Long Public cell_rsrq Public cell_ecio Public cell_status As String 300 Public cell_state As String 100 DataTable CELL_DIAGNOST...

Page 211: ...ue enabled False disabled SetSetting CellAPN Replace s with APN assigned by cellular provider SetSetting CellPwrStartTime 1440 Automated start up schedule Setting is in minutes into day 1440 Always on 15 00 15 hours 180 03 00 hours 1380 23 00 hours SetSetting CellPwrDuration 0 How long the modem is to stay online after it hits it Start Time Setting is ignored if CellPwrStartTime is set to 1440 Set...

Page 212: ... Settings CellUsageLastMonth usage reported in KB cell_info Settings CellInfo Cell Info Same information that shows in the DevConfig Cellular Network Status field cell_status Settings CellStatus Status of the cellular modem cell_state Settings CellState State that the modem is in Network ready lets me know my modem is good to go CellState can be the following but not limited to Power off Powering ...

Page 213: ...TE in dbm Very similar to RSSI cell_ecio Settings CellECIO Reference signal received quality for 3G cell_rsrq Settings CellRSRQ Reference signal received quality for 4G cell_ip_address IPInfo 1 0 Get the TCP IP address of the PPP cellular modem interface CallTable CELL_DIAGNOSTICS NextScan EndSequence EndProg Appendix A Configure cellular settings and retrieve status information with SetSetting 20...

Page 214: ...ference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense WARNING Changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by Campbell Scientific could void the user s authority to operate this equipment B 2 RF exposure In accordance with the Australian standard requirements of human exposure to radio frequency fields the radiating element shall be instal...

Page 215: ...ve The CELL215 displays the CE mark WARNING Changes or modifications to this device not expressly approved by Campbell Scientific could void the user s authority to operate this equipment WARNING This product is only to be installed by qualified personnel The Declaration of Conformity made under Directive 2014 53 EU RED Directive is available for viewing at www campbellsci com au cell220 B 4 Decla...

Page 216: ... allowed neighbor list is a list of neighbors with which a device will communicate If a device address is entered in an allowed neighbor list a hello exchange will be initiated with that device Any device with an address between 1 and 3999 that is not entered in the allowed neighbor list will be filtered from communicating with the device using the list amperes A Base unit for electric current Use...

Page 217: ...rs as a series of zeros and ones For the data to be read correctly the receiving device must begin reading at the proper point in the series In asynchronous communication this coordin ation is accomplished by having each character surrounded by one or more start and stop bits which designate the beginning and ending points of the information Also indicates the sending and receiving devices are not...

Page 218: ...off BOOL8 A one byte data type that holds eight bits 0 or 1 of information BOOL8 uses less space than the 32 bit BOOLEAN data type boolean Name given a function the result of which is either true or false boolean data type Typically used for flags and to represent conditions or hardware that have only two states true or false such as flags and control ports burst Refers to a burst of measurements ...

Page 219: ...ftware A utility to retrieve binary final data from memory cards and convert the data to ASCII or other formats CDM CPI CPI is a proprietary interface for communications between Campbell Scientific data log gers and Campbell Scientific CDM peripheral devices It consists of a physical layer defin ition and a data protocol CF CompactFlash code A CRBasic program or a portion of a program Collect butt...

Page 220: ...ally in CRBasic command line One line in a CRBasic program Maximum length even with the line continuation char acters space underscore _ is 512 characters A command line usually consists of one program statement but it may consist of multiple program statements separated by a colon CompactFlash CompactFlash CF is a memory card technology used in some Campbell Scientific card storage modules compil...

Page 221: ...ned a fixed number control I O C terminals configured for controlling or monitoring a device CoraScript CoraScript is a command line interpreter associated with LoggerNet data logger support software CPU Central processing unit The brains of the data logger cr Carriage return CRBasic Campbell Scientific s BASIC like programming language that supports analog and digital measurements data processing...

Page 222: ...umber of bits used to describe the data and fit between the start and stop bit Sensors typically use 7 or 8 data bits data cache The data cache is a set of binary files kept on the hard disk of the computer running the data logger support software A binary file is created for each table in each data logger These files mimic the storage areas in data logger memory and by default are two times the s...

Page 223: ... final storage memory but the CRBasic program can be written to divert to variable memory by the CRBasic program for further pro cessing The transfer of processed summaries to final data memory takes place when the Trigger argument in the DataTable instruction is set to True data output processing memory SRAM memory automatically allocated for intermediate calculations performed by CRBasic data ou...

Page 224: ...rrounding air When placed in a sealed enclosure such as a data logger enclosure it prevents condensation Device Configuration Utility Software tool used to set up data loggers and peripherals and to configure PakBus set tings before those devices are deployed in the field and or added to networks DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A TCP IP application protocol differential A sensor or measur...

Page 225: ...se with the data logger it denotes the pin configuration gender and function of an RS 232 port The RS 232 port on the data logger is DCE Attachment of a null modem cable to a DCE device effectively converts it to a DTE device duplex A serial communication protocol Serial communications can be simplex half duplex or full duplex duty cycle The percentage of available time a feature is in an active s...

Page 226: ...ually to a resistive bridge circuit execution interval The time interval between initiating each execution of a given Scan of a CRBasic pro gram If the Scan Interval is evenly divisible into 24 hours 86 400 seconds it is syn chronized with the 24 hour clock so that the program is executed at midnight and every Scan Interval thereafter The program is executed for the first time at the first occurre...

Page 227: ...at are included as part of the DataTable declaration File Control File Control is a feature of LoggerNet PC400 PC200W Device Configuration Utility and RTDAQ data logger support software It provides a view of the data logger file system and a menu of file management commands fill and stop memory A memory configuration for data tables forcing a data table to stop accepting data when full final data ...

Page 228: ... provides three or four significant digits of resolution and requires half the memory as IEEE4 frequency domain Frequency domain describes data graphed on an X Y plot with frequency as the X axis VSPECT vibrating wire data is in the frequency domain frequency response Sample rate is how often an instrument reports a result at its output frequency response is how well an instrument responds to fast...

Page 229: ...d in connection with subroutines differentiating global variables those declared using Public or Dim from local variables which are declared in the Sub and Function instructions ground Being or related to an electrical potential of 0 volts ground currents Pulling power from the data logger wiring panel as is done when using some com munication devices from other manufacturers or a sensor that requ...

Page 230: ... a neighbor hertz SI unit of frequency Cycles or pulses per second HTML Hypertext Markup Language Programming language used for the creation of web pages HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol A TCP IP application protocol hysteresis The dependence of the state of the system on its history Hz SI unit of frequency Cycles or pulses per second I I2C Inter Integrated Circuit is a multi master multi slave pa...

Page 231: ...s Used to initiate measurements and store the results in input storage or to set or read con trol logic ports instruction Usually refers to a CRBasic command integer A number written without a fractional or decimal component 15 and 7956 are integers 1 5 and 79 56 are not intermediate memory SRAM memory automatically allocated for intermediate calculations performed by CRBasic data output processin...

Page 232: ...ate ground paths and may filter some electromagnetic noise Campbell Scientific offers optically isol ated RS 232 to CS I O interfaces as an accessory for use on the CS I O port J JSON Java Script Object Notation A data file format available through the data logger or Log gerNet K keep memory keep memory is non volatile memory that preserves some settings during a power up or program start up reset...

Page 233: ...are declared in the Sub and Function instructions from global variables which are declared using Public or Dim LoggerLink Mobile applications that allow a mobile device to communicate with IP wi fi or Bluetooth enabled data loggers LoggerNet Campbell Scientific s data logger support software for programming communications and data retrieval between data loggers and a computer LONG Data type used w...

Page 234: ...th a Keyboard Display as opposed to occurring under pro gram control mass storage device A mass storage device may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device The term is commonly used to describe USB mass storage devices MD5 digest 16 byte checksum of the TCP IP VTP configuration milli The SI prefix denoting 1 1000 of a base SI unit Modbus Communication protocol published by Modicon in 197...

Page 235: ...able device useful in troubleshooting data acquisition sys tem faults multiplier A term often a parameter in a CRBasic measurement instruction that designates the slope aka scaling factor or gain in a linear function For example when converting C to F the equation is F C 1 8 32 The factor 1 8 is the multiplier mV The SI abbreviation for millivolts N NAN Not a number A data word indicating a measur...

Page 236: ...ce parent node entered as child nodes A node can be both a parent and a child NSEC Eight byte data type divided up as four bytes of seconds since 1990 and four bytes of nanoseconds into the second null modem A device usually a multi conductor cable which converts an RS 232 port from DCE to DTE or from DTE to DCE Numeric Monitor A digital monitor in data logger support software or in a keyboard dis...

Page 237: ...er written CRBasic programs The operating system is preloaded into the data logger at the factory but can be re loaded or upgraded by you using Device Configuration Utility software The most recent data logger operating system obj file is available at www campbellsci com downloads output A loosely applied term Denotes a the information carrier generated by an electronic sensor b the transfer of da...

Page 238: ...et to True output processing memory SRAM memory automatically allocated for intermediate calculations performed by CRBasic data output processing instructions Data output processing memory cannot be monitored P PakBus A proprietary communication protocol developed by Campbell Scientific to facilitate communications between Campbell Scientific devices Similar in concept to IP Internet Protocol PakB...

Page 239: ...ol period average A measurement technique using a high frequency digital clock to measure time dif ferences between signal transitions Sensors commonly measured with period average include water content reflectometers peripheral Any device designed for use with the data logger A peripheral requires the data logger to operate Peripherals include measurement control and data retrieval and com munica...

Page 240: ...e Printers dumb terminals and computers in a terminal mode fall in this category print peripheral Any device capable of receiving output over pin 6 the PE line in a receive only mode Printers dumb terminals and computers in a terminal mode fall in this category processing instructions CRBasic instructions used to further process input data values and return the result to a variable where it can be...

Page 241: ...hort plateau and a rapid voltage decrease R ratiometric Describes a type of measurement or a type of math Ratiometric usually refers to an aspect of resistive bridge measurements either the measurement or the math used to process it Measuring ratios and using ratio math eliminates several sources of error from the end result record A record is a complete line of data in a data table or data file A...

Page 242: ...of resistance resolution The smallest interval measurable ring memory A memory configuration that allows the oldest data to be overwritten with the newest data This is the default setting for data tables ringing Oscillation of sensor output voltage or current that occurs when sensor excitation causes parasitic capacitances and inductances to resonate RMS Root mean square or quadratic mean A measur...

Page 243: ...w two computing devices can communicate with each other The implementation of RS 232 in Campbell Scientific data loggers to computer communications is quite rigid but transparent to most users Features in the data logger that implement RS 232 communication with smart sensors are flexible RS 422 Communications protocol similar to RS 485 Most RS 422 sensors will work with RS 485 protocol RS 485 Reco...

Page 244: ...se A fine wire thermocouple which changes out put quickly with changes in temperature is more likely to have a high frequency response SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition scan interval The time interval between initiating each execution of a given Scan of a CRBasic pro gram If the Scan Interval is evenly divisible into 24 hours 86 400 seconds it is syn chronized with the 24 hour clock s...

Page 245: ...uses small correctable voltage offsets in data logger measurement circuitry semaphore Measurement semaphore In sequential mode when the main scan executes it locks the resources associated with measurements In other words it acquires the measurement semaphore This is at the scan level so all subscans within the scan whether they make measurements or not will lock out measurements from slow sequenc...

Page 246: ...d units of measure signature A number which is a function of the data and the sequence of data in memory It is derived using an algorithm that assures a 99 998 probability that if either the data or the data sequence changes the signature changes simplex A serial communication protocol One direction data only Serial communications between a serial sensor and the data logger may be simplex single e...

Page 247: ...otocol A TCP IP application protocol SNP Snapshot file SP Space SPI Serial Peripheral Interface a clocked synchronous interface used for short distance com munications generally between embedded devices SRAM Static Random Access Memory start bit The bit used to indicate the beginning of data state Whether a device is on or off Station Status command A command available in most data logger support ...

Page 248: ...ng at the proper point in the series In synchronous communication this coordin ation is accomplished by synchronizing the transmitting and receiving devices to a com mon clock signal see also asynchronous system time When time functions are run outside the Scan NextScan construct the time registered by the instruction will be based on the system clock which has a 10 ms resolution T table See data ...

Page 249: ...indows OS terminal Point at which a wire or wires connects to a wiring panel or connector Wires are usually secured in terminals by screw or lever and spring actuated gates with small screw or spring loaded clamps terminal emulator A command line shell that facilitates the issuance of low level commands to a data log ger or some other compatible device A terminal emulator is available in most data...

Page 250: ...tion time domain Time domain describes data graphed on an X Y plot with time on the X axis Time series data is in the time domain TLS Transport Layer Security An Internet communication security protocol toggle To reverse the current power state TTL Transistor to Transistor Logic A serial protocol using 0 VDC and 5 VDC as logic signal levels Tx Transmit U UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transm...

Page 251: ...rgeable battery URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator user program The CRBasic program written by you in Short Cut program wizard V VAC Volts alternating current variable A packet of SRAM given an alphanumeric name Variables reside in variable memory VDC Volts direct current VisualWeather Data logger support software specialized for weather and agricultural applications The ...

Page 252: ...ng wire measurement technique W watchdog timer An error checking system that examines the processor state software timers and pro gram related counters when the CRBasic program is running The following will cause watchdog timer resets which reset the processor and CRBasic program execution pro cessor bombed processor neglecting standard system updates counters are outside the limits voltage surges...

Page 253: ...itions During extraordinary weather events however seals on the enclosure may be breached web API Application Programming Interface wild card A character or expression that substitutes for any other character or expression X XML Extensible markup language Τ τ Time constant Appendix C Glossary 240 ...

Page 254: ...tory other than those expressly provided herein Acknowledgements lwIP Copyright 2020 Campbell Scientific All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistri...

Page 255: ...HE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE mbed TLS Copyright 2020 Campbell Scientific Licensed under the Apache License Version 2 0 the License http www apache org licenses LICENSE 2 0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing software distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND either e...

Page 256: ...nsects and pests Repairs or Maintenance When sending back equipment to CSA for repair or calibration you will need to follow the below procedure 1 Contact CSA and obtain an RMA number for the items to be returned This RMA number allows CSA to track your device when received at our shipping dock CSA will create a ticket http helpdesk campbellsci com au for this repair calibration so that it can be ...

Page 257: ...prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers l Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and Electrical l You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod tower or attachments you are installing constructing using or maintaining or a tool stake or anchor come in contact with overhead or un...

Page 258: ...info campbellsci fr www campbellsci fr Germany Location Phone Email Website Bremen Germany 49 0 421 460974 0 info campbellsci de www campbellsci de India Location Phone Email Website New Delhi DL India 91 11 46500481 482 info campbellsci in www campbellsci in South Africa Location Phone Email Website Stellenbosch South Africa 27 21 8809960 sales campbellsci co za www campbellsci co za Spain Locati...

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