48
WELDING THEORY
EN
Porosity
Cause
Solution
»
*UHDVHYDUQLVKUXVWRUGLUWRQWKHZRUNSLHFHVWREH
ZHOGHG
»
&OHDQWKHSLHFHVDFFXUDWHO\EHIRUHZHOGLQJ
»
*UHDVHYDUQLVKUXVWRUGLUWRQWKHILOOHUPDWHULDO
»
$OZD\VXVHTXDOLW\PDWHULDOVDQGSURGXFWV
»
.HHSWKHILOOHUPHWDODOZD\VLQSHUIHFWFRQGLWLRQ
»
+XPLGLW\LQWKHILOOHUPHWDO
»
$OZD\VXVHTXDOLW\PDWHULDOVDQGSURGXFWV
»
.HHSWKHILOOHUPHWDODOZD\VLQSHUIHFWFRQGLWLRQ
»
,QFRUUHFWDUFOHQJWK
»
'HFUHDVHWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHHOHFWURGHDQGWKHSLHFH
»
'HFUHDVHWKHZHOGLQJYROWDJH
»
+XPLGLW\LQWKHZHOGLQJJDV
»
$OZD\VXVHTXDOLW\PDWHULDOVDQGSURGXFWV
»
(QVXUHWKHJDVVXSSO\V\VWHPLVDOZD\VLQSHUIHFWFRQGLWLRQ
»
,QVXIILFLHQWVKLHOGLQJJDV
»
$GMXVWWKHDLUIORZ
»
&KHFNWKDWWKHGLIIXVHUDQGWKHJDVQR]]OHRIWKHWRUFKDUHLQJRRG
FRQGLWLRQ
»
7KHZHOGSRROVROLGLILHVWRRTXLFNO\
»
'HFUHDVHWKHWUDYHOVSHHGZKLOHZHOGLQJ
»
3UHKHDWWKHZRUNSLHFHVWREHZHOGHG
»
,QFUHDVHWKHZHOGLQJFXUUHQW
Hot cracks
Cause
Solution
»
,QFRUUHFWZHOGLQJSDUDPHWHUV
»
'HFUHDVHWKHZHOGLQJFXUUHQW
»
8VHDVPDOOHUGLDPHWHUHOHFWURGH
»
*UHDVHYDUQLVKUXVWRUGLUWRQWKHZRUNSLHFHVWREH
ZHOGHG
»
&OHDQWKHSLHFHVDFFXUDWHO\EHIRUHZHOGLQJ
»
*UHDVHYDUQLVKUXVWRUGLUWRQWKHILOOHUPDWHULDO
»
$OZD\VXVHTXDOLW\PDWHULDOVDQGSURGXFWV
»
.HHSWKHILOOHUPHWDODOZD\VLQSHUIHFWFRQGLWLRQ
»
,QFRUUHFWZHOGLQJPRGH
»
&DUU\RXWWKHFRUUHFWVHTXHQFHRIRSHUDWLRQVIRUWKHW\SHRIMRLQWWR
EHZHOGHG
»
3LHFHVWREHZHOGHGKDYHGLIIHUHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
»
&DUU\RXWEXȐHULQJEHIRUHZHOGLQJ
Cold cracks
Cause
Solution
»
+XPLGLW\LQWKHILOOHUPHWDO
»
$OZD\VXVHTXDOLW\PDWHULDOVDQGSURGXFWV
»
.HHSWKHILOOHUPHWDODOZD\VLQSHUIHFWFRQGLWLRQ
»
3DUWLFXODUJHRPHWU\RIWKHMRLQWWREHZHOGHG
»
3UHKHDWWKHZRUNSLHFHVWREHZHOGHG
»
&DUU\RXWSRVWKHDWLQJ
»
&DUU\RXWWKHFRUUHFWVHTXHQFHRIRSHUDWLRQVIRUWKHW\SHRIMRLQWWR
EHZHOGHG
9. WELDING THEORY
9.1 Manual Metal Arc welding (MMA)
Preparing the edges
7RREWDLQJRRGZHOGLQJMRLQWVLWLVDGYLVDEOHWRZRUNRQFOHDQSDUWVIUHHIURPR[LGDWLRQVUXVWRURWKHUFRQWDPLQDWLQJDJHQWV
Choosing the electrode
7KHGLDPHWHURIWKHHOHFWURGHWREHXVHGGHSHQGVRQWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHPDWHULDOWKHSRVLWLRQWKHW\SHRIMRLQWDQGWKHW\SHRI
SUHSDUDWLRQRIWKHSLHFHWREHZHOGHG
(OHFWURGHVRIODUJHGLDPHWHUREYLRXVO\UHTXLUHYHU\KLJKFXUUHQWVZLWKFRQVHTXHQWKLJKKHDWVXSSO\GXULQJWKHZHOGLQJ
Type of coating
Property
Use
5XWLOH
(DV\WRXVH
$OOSRVLWLRQV
Acid
+LJKPHOWLQJVSHHG
)ODW
Summary of Contents for voestalpine URANOS 1500
Page 2: ......
Page 4: ......
Page 328: ...324 13 6 0 5 0 6 73 1 6 0 648 0 5 0 6 0 233 1 66 0 29 56 7 6 0 7 17 9 2 ǻǿǹīȇǹȂȂǹ URANOS 1500 ...
Page 329: ...325 URANOS 1500 RC ...
Page 330: ...326 URANOS 1500 DP ...
Page 334: ...330 74 05 017 URANOS 1500 RC 1x230V 3 16 4 10 15 5 9 12 13 8 18 1 14 6 7 11 17 2 ...
Page 336: ...332 74 05 018 URANOS 1500 DP 1x230V 3 16 4 10 15 9 12 13 8 18 1 14 6 19 7 11 17 2 5 ...
Page 338: ......
Page 339: ......