450 LXi
Owner Manual
5-1 Engine Operation
Rev. “C”
~ 5-1-17 ~
5-1.6.3 Gauges and Indicators
The engine may not have the same gauges or all of the gauges that are described. For descriptions of the gauges that are
supplied with this engine, see
2_1 Dash and Monitors
section found earlier in this manual.
Gauges provide indications of engine performance. Ensure that the gauges are in good working order. Determine the normal
operating range by observing the gauges over a period of time.
Noticeable changes in gauge readings indicate potential gauge or engine problems. Problems may also be indicated by gauge
readings that change even if the readings are within specifi cations. Determine the cause of any signifi cant change in the
readings. Then, correct any cause of any signifi cant change in the readings. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for assistance.
Electronically controlled engines require one lamp in addition to the gauge package that is normally provided.
The “Diagnostic” lamp is yellow or amber. The “Diagnostic” lamp will communicate the status of the engine’s electronic
system.
An optional “Warning” lamp is available. This red “Warning” lamp warns the operator of engine problems.
The following conditions are some examples of the problems:
Low oil pressure
High coolant temperature
Low coolant level
High inlet air temperature
Engine Oil Pressure
- Typical oil pressure for an engine at rated speed with SAE 10W30 or with SAE 15W40 is 207
to 310 kPa (30 to 45 psi) for the C-10 and the C-12. Typical oil pressure for an engine at rated speed with SAE 10W30
or with SAE 15W40 is 276 to 606 kPa (40 to 88 psi) for the 3406E, C-15, and C-16.
A higher oil pressure is normal with cold oil when the engine is started. A lower oil pressure is normal at low idle. If the load is
stable and the gauge reading changes, perform the following procedure:
Remove the load.
Reduce engine speed at low idle.
Check the oil level. Maintain the oil level at the proper amount.
The diagnostic lamp will turn on if the oil pressure drops below 35 kPa (5 psi) at low idle rpm. The diagnostic code will be
logged in the Engine Control Module (ECM).
Engine Oil Temperature
- This gauge indicates the engine oil temperature. An oil temperature that is higher than
normal indicates a heat problem in the lubrication system and/or the cooling system. This problem can damage the
cylinder heads, the cylinder liners, the pistons, and the crankshaft bearings.
Jacket Water Coolant Temperature
- Typical temperature range is 87 to 98°C (189 to 208°F). The maximum
allowable temperature with the pressurized cooling system is 102°C (216°F) for the C-10 and the C-12, for C-13 104°
C (220°F).
The maximum allowable temperature with the pressurized cooling system is 107°C (225°F) for the 3406E, C-15, and C-16.
Higher temperatures may occur under certain conditions. The water temperature reading may vary according to load. The
reading should never exceed the boiling point for the pressurized system that is being used.
If the engine is operating above the normal range and steam becomes apparent, perform the following procedure:
Reduce the load and the engine rpm.
Inspect the cooling system for leaks.
Determine if the engine must be shut down immediately or if the engine can be cooled by reducing the load.
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NOTICE:
Do not exceed 2300 rpm in any situation or 2100 rpm if equipped with an auxiliary engine brake
system.
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