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June 11, 2015, 715004752 Rev. A

Page 15

Theory and Principles of
Operation

This chapter summarizes the 2489 UV/Visible Detector features and describes

the theory and principles of operation.

See also:

Appendix B

for system specifications and

Appendix C

for information

on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solvent considerations.

1.1 Detector description

The 2489 UV/Vis detector is a two-channel ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) detector

designed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) applications.

Figure 1–1:

2489 UV/Vis detector

The detector can operate as a stand-alone unit (with an integrator) or as an integral

part of a Waters chromatography system.

Содержание 2489

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Страница 3: ...with or arising from its use For the most recent revision of this document consult the Waters Web site waters com Trademarks ACQUITY Empower MassLynx PIC THE SCIENCE OF WHAT S POSSIBLE and Waters are...

Страница 4: ...bol is used to find out the nature of the potential hazard and any actions which have to be taken Considerations specific to the 2489 UV Visible detector Power cord replacement hazard Waters contact i...

Страница 5: ...ent so that it is difficult to disconnect the power cord Equipment misuse notice If equipment is used in a manner not specified by its manufacturer protections against personal injury inherent in the...

Страница 6: ...are the same or very similar vary the location of the QC samples in the trays Ensure that QC sample results fall within an acceptable range and evaluate precision from day to day and run to run Data c...

Страница 7: ...dustrial Scientific and Medical ISM instruments requirements Group 1 products apply to intentionally generated and or used conductively coupled radio frequency energy that is necessary for the interna...

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Страница 9: ...ymbols v Audience and purpose vi Intended use of the 2489 UV Visible detector vi Calibrating vi Quality control vi EMC considerations vii Canada spectrum management emissions notice vii ISM Classifica...

Страница 10: ...or off 36 2 6 6 Connecting the detector to the 2695 separations module 36 2 6 7 Connecting the detector to a chromatography data workstation using an e SAT IN module 38 2 6 8 Connecting the detector t...

Страница 11: ...87 3 3 6 Replaying a spectrum 88 3 3 7 Scanning using the cuvette 88 3 3 8 Scanning using a flow cell and a syringe 90 3 3 9 Conserving lamp life 90 3 3 10 Shutting down the detector 92 4 Maintaining...

Страница 12: ...s 115 5 2 3 Service diagnostic tests 120 5 3 Troubleshooting 121 5 3 1 Diagnostic tests 121 5 3 2 Power surges 121 5 3 3 Hardware troubleshooting 121 5 3 4 Lamp troubleshooting 123 A Safety Advisories...

Страница 13: ...quality 141 C 1 4 Preparation checklist 141 C 1 5 Water 142 C 1 6 Using buffers 142 C 1 7 Tetrahydrofuran 142 C 2 Solvent miscibility 142 C 2 1 How to use miscibility numbers 143 C 3 Buffered solvent...

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Страница 15: ...ns and Appendix C for information on high performance liquid chromatography HPLC solvent considerations 1 1 Detector description The 2489 UV Vis detector is a two channel ultraviolet visible UV Vis de...

Страница 16: ...lity Method editing and storage Supports basic method programming storage and retrieval from the front panel Full diagnostic capability Supports built in diagnostic tools to optimize functionality and...

Страница 17: ...heel Shutter wavelength calibration filter and second order filter Entrance slit Blazed plane holographic diffraction grating Beamsplitter Sample and reference photodiodes Waters TaperSlit Flow Cell i...

Страница 18: ...ted just ahead of the flow cell diverts a portion of the light to a reference photodiode 3 When you enter a new wavelength through the detector s front panel or through Empower or MassLynx software th...

Страница 19: ...haracteristics The standard analytical inert and LC MS cells have a path length of 10 mm The semi prep and microbore cell path length is 3 mm The autopurification cell path length is 1 0 mm A variable...

Страница 20: ...a value The filter constant is determined by the sampling rate If you select Other you can enter a value However the value you enter is rounded up or down to a value based on the sampling rate The fi...

Страница 21: ...elength Verification Failure message The detector verifies rather than recalibrates on startup to avoid errors arising from residual materials left in the flow cell or the cuvette when required Requir...

Страница 22: ...atioPlot difference plot and MaxPlot functions Note that these modes are for local control of the detector only Please check the Empower and MassLynx online help for additional control information in...

Страница 23: ...put channels and corresponds to the AU value where the analog outputs become saturated at full scale values Absorbance units full scale AUFS vary from 0 0001 to 4 000 AUFS Tip Changing the sensitivity...

Страница 24: ...essage that any data collected for the wavelength above 370 nm can contain inaccuracies because of possible UV light interference second order effects 1 3 2 1 Chart out selection modes When operating...

Страница 25: ...so the results displayed or charted are of the sample only To obtain a spectrum of a sample using the detector run a zero scan first followed by a sample scan Typically you run the zero scan using pur...

Страница 26: ...or analyte at two wavelengths The RatioPlot divides absorbances at two selected wavelengths and plots the resulting ratio on a data system over one output channel channel A Use the RatioPlot when dete...

Страница 27: ...ces and also how to handle solvents Before installing the detector ensure that the required components are present none of the shipping containers or unpacked items are damaged 2 2 Unpacking and inspe...

Страница 28: ...Ensure that the instrument serial number found on the nameplate on the rear panel or inside the front door of the detector corresponds to the number on the instrument integrity certificate 2 3 Select...

Страница 29: ...he previously added module in the system stack and slide it backward until its rear alignment pin rests in the rear alignment slot on the previously added module Power Grounded ac 100 to 240 Vac 50 to...

Страница 30: ...outlet must be common and connected near the system To connect to the electricity source Recommendation Use a line conditioner or an uninterruptible power supply UPS for optimum long term input voltag...

Страница 31: ...tic tests while the lamp LED blinks green The lamp LED shows steady green when the lamp is ignited 2 6 Connecting signal cables See also Waters Ethernet Instrument Getting Started Guide The following...

Страница 32: ...ject Start1 TTL contact closure Configurable input to initiate sequencing of time programmed events Defines the start of a run typically an injection and resets and starts the run time clock to 0 00 m...

Страница 33: ...nditions Operating mode you select for the detector stand alone or remote control Types of instruments that make up your HPLC system This section describes the input output I O and digital signal conn...

Страница 34: ...length range of 190 to 700 nm To connect Ethernet cables from the detector to chromatography data software 1 Connect the single receptacle end of the Ethernet cable to your chromatography data worksta...

Страница 35: ...6 2695 separations module connections to the detector for starting a method Note If the injector is an 2695 separations module running in Ethernet mode the inject start cable should not be connected H...

Страница 36: ...low Figure 2 7 2695 separations module connections to the detector for turning the lamp on or off 2 6 6 Connecting the detector to the 2695 separations module You can connect the detector to the 2695...

Страница 37: ...n the detector at the start of an injection make the connections summarized in the table and illustrated in the figure below Table 2 4 2695 separations module connections to the detector to generate a...

Страница 38: ...n the following hardware Ethernet card Ethernet satellite interface e SAT IN module 2 6 7 1 e SAT IN module The Waters e SAT IN module shown in the figure below translates analog signals from devices...

Страница 39: ...3 mm 1 8 inch from one end of the e SAT IN 9 pin connector exposing the white and black wires 2 Connect the other end of the cable to the Channel 1 or Channel 2 connectors on the front panel of the e...

Страница 40: ...and configuration guide The following table summarizes the detector connections to the e SAT IN module Table 2 6 Detector connections to a e SAT IN module 2489 UV Vis detector I e SAT IN connector Pin...

Страница 41: ...detector to the integrator do not exceed the input voltage rating of the integrator The analog output signal is transmitted via the cable provided in the 2489 UV Vis detector startup kit Make the con...

Страница 42: ...he detector s two programmable switches SW1 or SW2 and program the timed event threshold or ratio at the front panel You can also connect the fraction collector to trigger a chart mark event input eac...

Страница 43: ...bed in Verifying that the detector operates properly on page 67 Install a waste reservoir connected to the drain tube and located next to the rubber foot on the front lower left hand section of the de...

Страница 44: ...the inlet tubing to the column outlet and then to the flow cell inlet 2 Connect the outlet tubing to the flow cell outlet and route it to a waste container Notice To avoid damaging the flow cell or t...

Страница 45: ...rption of dissolved oxygen for systems using vacuum degassers run the solvent degasser continuously when operating the detector at wavelengths less than 230 nm 2 7 5 Making tubing connections in ACQUI...

Страница 46: ...June 11 2015 715004752 Rev A Page 46...

Страница 47: ...eps three times and runs a series of startup diagnostic tests If it passes all startup diagnostic tests the Startup Diagnostics screen appears with OK following each test Figure 3 1 Startup Diagnostic...

Страница 48: ...stic test failure If one or more of the internal startup diagnostic tests show a failing result the detector beeps and displays an error message For serious errors it displays the word Error in bracke...

Страница 49: ...able below You can use the A B key to toggle between absorbance screens for channels A and B 3 2 1 1 Absorbance and message icons The absorbance screens and message screens in the detector program dis...

Страница 50: ...lected channel Lamp on Indicates the lamp is turned on Lamp off Indicates the lamp is turned off Shift off Blank Shift off Shift on Indicates the shift is on for one key press Single wavelength Indica...

Страница 51: ...and Clear Field Local method number Indicates the detector is not controlled by a data system The icon s cursive m and the current method number or an asterisk indicate current conditions are not stor...

Страница 52: ...d item and then press Enter For the number 10 select 0 and then press Enter To go to the end of a choice list select For entries numbered 11 or 12 scroll to the desired item on the choice list and the...

Страница 53: ...t the border of the active field is thickened highlighted Using the arrow keys you move the highlighted board to the field you want to activate Up moves up or left Down moves down or right On screens...

Страница 54: ...Selects the corresponding number from a choice list 0 9 See descriptions for specific shifted numeric keys 1 See 0 9 above Lamp Displays a lamp use statistics for the currently installed lamp and prov...

Страница 55: ...f the message text Enters a decimal point Also positions the cursor at the last entry in a list Some edit fields accept negative number entries Use this function to invert the sign of the number in an...

Страница 56: ...nable disable inputs Enable disable external events Tip The parameters you enter into the secondary function fields become part of the current method conditions and are stored when you store the metho...

Страница 57: ...the absorbance and the output voltage The output voltage reaches full scale 2 V when the current absorbance attains the AUFS value Caution Changing the sensitivity AUFS setting affects the 2 V output...

Страница 58: ...Volts out Larger absorbance A or B 2 V AUFS of selected channel RatioPlot A B Charts the ratio of absorbances at two wavelengths Theoretically the ratio is constant for a pure chromatographic peak an...

Страница 59: ...lected channel for scaling Volts out Absorbance difference A B 2 V AUFS of selected channel Filter time constant Adjusts the noise filter time constant to achieve the optimum signal to noise ratio wit...

Страница 60: ...ro sets the signal level to zero Selecting to baseline maintains the previous baseline level when the wavelength change is made The default is to zero Table 3 1 Detector functions continued Function D...

Страница 61: ...nm 254 nm AUFS 1 Numeric AUFS 0 0001 to 4 0000 2 0000 Analog rate 2 of 4 or 2 of 5 Choice Hz 10 20 40 80 1 or 2 10 1 Filter time constant 2 of 4 or 2 of 5 Numeric Sec Slow Normal Fast Other 0 0125 to...

Страница 62: ...set to auto T1 represents the left hand side of the trace or ending time to be displayed The default is 30 T2 represents the right hand side of the trace or starting time The default is 0 The figure b...

Страница 63: ...nctions 3 2 5 1 Configuring the detector To change default configurations use the Configuration screens Press the CONFIGURE key Shift DIAG The first of three Configuration screens appears Tip Other fu...

Страница 64: ...ou determine the response of the channel using the enable chart mark function explained in the table on page 61 and shown in the figure on page 60 High Create chart mark s when contact closure changes...

Страница 65: ...ne pulse period in a rectangular wave or pulse train is as specified in this field range is 0 2 to 60 seconds The figure below shows the difference between a single pulse and a rectangular wave Figure...

Страница 66: ...l of the detector before the external system takes control Recommendation To prevent reabsorption of dissolved oxygen run the solvent degasser continuously when operating the detector at wavelengths l...

Страница 67: ...inearity cuvette kits and system qualification tool for the detector For spare parts details see the Waters Quality Parts Locator on the Services Support page of the Waters web site Tip Before you pum...

Страница 68: ...ow cell is contaminated the lamp needs to be replaced an air bubble is in the flow cell To record the sample and reference beam energies 1 Ensure that the detector is connected to the workstation 2 Fl...

Страница 69: ...e calibration procedure and briefly displays a series of initialization messages similar to those you saw at startup see page 47 If calibration is successful the detector beeps three times and display...

Страница 70: ...e dual wavelength mode offers the following functions Absorbance A and B MaxPlot RatioPlot A B Difference plot A B To change from single to dual wavelength mode 1 From the absorbance or HOME screen wh...

Страница 71: ...ge 57 To obtain a RatioPlot 1 Be sure the detector is operating in dual wavelength mode see the previous discussion 2 From the absorbance screen press Next to reach screen 3 of 5 3 In the Data out fie...

Страница 72: ...ditions so that the original recalled method is no longer in effect causing the method number to change to an asterisk The operating parameters at the time of system shutdown are restored however any...

Страница 73: ...een 4 Chart mark 10 of full scale Does not apply Does not apply Yes 5 Polarity 1 2 Yes 6 Auto zero Does not apply Does not apply Yes 7 Lamp 1 Off 2 On Off No 8 Switch 1 1 High 2 Low 3 Pulse 4 Rect wav...

Страница 74: ...the time field is active 10 Press HOME to return to the absorbance screen and then press Run Stop 11 Press Reset Tips If the detector is under the control of an external device the Inject Start progra...

Страница 75: ...e the table above 5 When the To field is active press Enter to display the options in the table shown above or press the number corresponding to the threshold parameter you are programming 6 To set th...

Страница 76: ...retrieve and press Enter Result A brief message Retrieving method n appears When the Method choice list reappears the method number icon incorporates the method number you specified see the table on...

Страница 77: ...estore the previous conditions 3 Press 4 Store method and enter a storage location number Tip To clear other stored methods repeat this step until you clear all desired methods When you press HOME the...

Страница 78: ...nding wavelength Scanning ends at this wavelength Pace Rate of scanning in nanometers min Determines how fast the scan is output and data are acquired The scan data are acquired at the highest possibl...

Страница 79: ...he figures below show a 190 nm to 600 nm scan of erbium standard in a cuvette at 200 nm min with tick marks specified every 20 nm and the same scan without tick marks AUFS The sensitivity setting used...

Страница 80: ...e zero scan The most recent zero scan performed or retrieved remains current until you perform or retrieve another scan The zero scan should be appropriate for the subsequent sample scans you perform...

Страница 81: ...parameters appear on the first New scan screen for both a zero and a sample scan You can return to screen 1 to review the parameters for either scan type by pressing Next from the Run screen screen 3...

Страница 82: ...to the figure on page 79 which shows two scans of anthracene overlaid one at 100 nm min and one at 1000 nm min The higher the value you enter in the Pace field the lower the resolution of the scan 6...

Страница 83: ...ro scan To run a sample scan 1 Set up the zero or reference scan by following the steps in the zero scan procedure on To run a sample scan on page 83 2 On the first New scan screen press 1 Sample Scan...

Страница 84: ...graphically Figure 3 27 Sample erbium scan graphical display Tip To return to the Scan choice list at the end of the scan press SCAN Shift Chart mark 5 Press Next Result Doing so displays as many as...

Страница 85: ...r more scaling parameters press Enter to reformat the graphical display 10 Once the scan reappears press Next to display the four highest peaks of the scaled scan Figure 3 30 Four highest peaks from t...

Страница 86: ...rk 2 Press 2 Store last scan Tip When you select Store last scan you are storing the zero scan and the sample scan as a pair Sample scan 200 nm to 400 nm 0 001 AU to 0 5 AU anthracene Zoom of sample s...

Страница 87: ...ace Displays the pace for the selected spectrum 4 Press Enter to exit the information screen and return to the Scan choice list 3 3 4 Reviewing a stored spectrum Once you store a spectrum you can retr...

Страница 88: ...og connector to the chart or A D device in a data collection system Once you retrieve a spectrum for playback the detector displays it graphically and you can adjust the AUFS Sample energy is not char...

Страница 89: ...conditions 3 3 7 1 Before you begin Recommendation To ensure accurate results use a 10 mm path length quartz cuvette and matched pairs from the same manufacturing lot of quartz cuvettes for your zero...

Страница 90: ...eference cuvette with a cuvette containing your analyte dissolved in mobile phase solvent and run a sample scan 8 Use the storage review subtract and review and replay functions to analyze the data ob...

Страница 91: ...en displays the words Lamp off and the lamp icon appears with an X through it Use the Lamp key Shift 1 to shut the lamp off or turn the lamp on manually display the number of times the lamp has ignite...

Страница 92: ...a timed event See Configuring event inputs contact closures on page 64 for more information on programming the lamp through the external contact closure 3 3 10 Shutting down the detector If you need...

Страница 93: ...Waters be prepared to provide this information Completed normal operation checklist for the method you are using Nature of the symptom Instrument serial number Flow rate Operating wavelength and pres...

Страница 94: ...rly filter and degas solvents to prolong column life reduce pressure fluctuations and decrease baseline noise Warning To prevent injury always observe Good Laboratory Practices when you handle solvent...

Страница 95: ...Flushing Removing and cleaning If flushing is ineffective remove and clean the flow cell Replace flow cell components as required Note Always replace the flow cell gaskets when cleaning rebuilding or...

Страница 96: ...flow cell inlet tubing Tip For more efficient flushing replace the column with a union or piece of tubing 3 Connect the column inlet tubing to the flow cell inlet 4 If another instrument is downstrea...

Страница 97: ...et tubing connections to the flow cell 2 Flush the flow cell for approximately 15 minutes at the recommended flow rate Decreasing system pressure indicates the flow cell is clean 3 If the flow cell re...

Страница 98: ...tweezers Torque wrench set to 0 9 N m 128 in oz or 8 in lb with 1 4 inch flat blade screwdriver bit Ethyl alcohol or methanol Flow cell rebuild kit Lint free swab Nitrogen Save all parts after removal...

Страница 99: ...phase such as a water acetonitrile mix and either cap the flow ports or dry the flow cell using pure lab gases such as helium nitrogen or air for 5 to 10 minutes 4 4 3 3 Disassembling the flow cell T...

Страница 100: ...wab into the cuvette end of the flow cell assembly and remove the split ring and the cuvette lens 3 Using the screwdriver remove the exit lens mount screw 4 Using plastic tweezers pull out the exit wi...

Страница 101: ...rogen 3 Using the Flow Cell Rebuild Kit replace any flow cell parts that are scratched burred damaged or do not come clean using nitrogen 4 Rebuild the flow cell by following the procedure in the next...

Страница 102: ...xit window into the flow cell body 11 With the tan colored exit window holder facing down use the torque wrench to tighten the exit window screw into the flow cell body to 0 9 N m 128 in oz or 8 in lb...

Страница 103: ...e screws on the front plate of the flow cell assembly 2 Gently pull the assembly toward you 3 Insert the new flow cell assembly into the detector 4 Tighten the captive screws 5 Reconnect the inlet out...

Страница 104: ...nd lamp such as tungsten The detector performs several self diagnostic tests when powered on or when the Calibrate key is selected One of these tests is the lamp optimization software routine After th...

Страница 105: ...ove the lamp 1 Extinguish the lamp using the keypad by pressing Shift Lamp and then pressing Shift Lamp again Tip Using the keypad to extinguish the lamp allows the lamp to cool faster because of the...

Страница 106: ...Lamp assembly captive screws 7 Withdraw the lamp assembly from the lamp housing Notice To prevent shattering the glass use care when disposing of the lamp as the lamp gas is under slight negative pres...

Страница 107: ...gure 2 If you see any particles or dirt on the new lamp clean the lamp with a gas duster or lens tissue 3 Record the serial number located on a label attached to the lamp connector wire using the proc...

Страница 108: ...in line with the alignment pin on the lamp housing Tip There is no additional alignment required Figure 4 8 Aligning the lamp 2 Gently push the lamp forward until it bottoms into position 3 Tighten t...

Страница 109: ...display and keyboard diagnostic tests on page 118 If you do not record the new lamp serial number following the procedure in this section the lamp warranty is voided The detector software records and...

Страница 110: ...this is a new lamp enter 0 hours are 0 9 Press the HOME key 10 At the OK to store message press Enter to store the serial number and date of installation or press Cancel to cancel the entry 11 When th...

Страница 111: ...der The detector requires two 100 to 240 VAC 50 to 60 Hz F 3 15 A 250 V fast blo 5 20 mm IEC fuses Suspect a fuse is open or otherwise defective when the detector fails to power on the fans do not ope...

Страница 112: ...With minimum pressure withdraw the spring loaded fuse holder Figure 4 16 Removing fuse holder 4 Remove and discard both fuses 5 Make sure that the new fuses are properly rated and then insert them int...

Страница 113: ...it displays the word Error in brackets Error in place of the run time absorbance on the absorbance screen Tip To reduce the likelihood of errors be sure the cuvette holder is empty the flow cell cont...

Страница 114: ...tests by pressing DIAG and then selecting 1 Reset instrument If no sticky diagnostic tests are active the wrench icon does not appear on the absorbance screen When you power off the detector sticky d...

Страница 115: ...Reset instrument Resets all diagnostic tests to defaults Renders sticky diagnostic tests inactive and removes the wrench icon 2 Sample ref energy Makes it possible to view sample and reference energy...

Страница 116: ...Using the input and output diagnostic tests You use the input and output diagnostic tests to display and reset the autozero offsets fix set absorbance fix set the voltage on the 2 V output monitor con...

Страница 117: ...y This test sets the voltages on the analog output channels based on the current AU setting This is a sticky diagnostic test 5 2 2 5 Setting a fixed voltage output From the Input Output choice list pr...

Страница 118: ...display and keypad diagnostic tests press DIAG and then press 4 Requirement Make sure the detector is powered off and the power cord is disconnected before you replace the lamp To change the lamp 1 F...

Страница 119: ...agnostic test 1 From the Lamp display keypad choice list press 3 Test display to run the test Result The display fills from top to bottom and from right to left then returns to the Lamp display keypad...

Страница 120: ...e test peaks from the Other diagnostics choice list to turn off this diagnostic test To override the optical filter 1 From the Other diagnostics choice list press 2 Optical filter override to manually...

Страница 121: ...rective actions are described in Online Help 5 3 2 Power surges Power surges line spikes and transient energy sources can adversely affect detector operations Be sure that the electrical supply used f...

Страница 122: ...d Contact Waters Technical Service In dual wavelength mode time scale is incorrect Sampling rate on controller is 1 pt s In dual wavelength mode you must select a data sampling rate of 1 point per sec...

Страница 123: ...tector cell is filled with solvent and free of air bubbles and the current lamp is installed correctly Flushing the flow cell can sometimes correct the problem of apparently low lamp intensity which c...

Страница 124: ...June 11 2015 715004752 Rev A Page 124...

Страница 125: ...he failure of individuals to comply with any safety precaution when installing repairing or operating any of its instruments or devices The following symbols warn of risks that can arise when you oper...

Страница 126: ...a serious health threat Warning Risk of tipping Warning Risk of explosion Warning Risk of high pressure gas release Warning To avoid injury from bursting nonmetallic tubing heed these precautions whe...

Страница 127: ...al fluids that you handle are infectious Specific precautions appear in the latest edition of the US National Institutes of Health NIH publication Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laborator...

Страница 128: ...condary containment in the event of spills Requirement Use eye protection when refilling or replacing solvent bottles Requirement Wear clean chemical resistant powder free gloves when handling samples...

Страница 129: ...otection lorsque vous vous trouvez proximit de tubes en polym re pressuris s Eteignez toute flamme se trouvant proximit de l instrument Evitez d utiliser des tubes s v rement d form s ou endommag s Ev...

Страница 130: ...ici riducendo notevolmente la pressione di rottura dei tubi stessi Advertencia se recomienda precauci n cuando se trabaje con tubos de pol mero sometidos a presi n El usuario deber protegerse siempre...

Страница 131: ...inform que si le mat riel est utilis d une fa on non sp cifi e par le fabricant la protection assur e par le mat riel risque d tre d fectueuses Vorsicht Der Benutzer wird darauf aufmerksam gemacht das...

Страница 132: ...one per garantire protezione contro gli incendi so8stituire i fusibili con altri dello stesso tipo aventi le caratteristiche indicate sui pannelli adiacenti alla copertura fusibili dello strumento Adv...

Страница 133: ...li incendi sostituire i fusibili con altri dello stesso tipo aventi le caratteristiche indicate nel paragrafo Sostituzione dei fusibili del capitolo Procedure di manutenzione Advertencia Para evitar i...

Страница 134: ...bols and their associated statements can appear on labels affixed to the packaging in which instruments devices and component parts are shipped Fuse Functional ground Input Output Symbol Description K...

Страница 135: ...June 11 2015 715004752 Rev A Page 135 Lower limit of temperature Temperature limitation Symbol Description...

Страница 136: ...June 11 2015 715004752 Rev A Page 136...

Страница 137: ...s The following table lists the environmental specifications for the 2489 UV Vis detector Table B 1 Physical specifications Attribute Specification Width 34 3 cm 13 5 inches Height 20 8 cm 8 2 inches...

Страница 138: ...outlet II Pollution degree c c Pollution Degree 2 A measure of pollution on electrical circuits which may produce a reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistivity Degree 2 refers only to norm...

Страница 139: ...e noise b single wavelength wet 8 x 10 6 AU 230 nm 10 points s 30 s segments 1 mL min acetonitrile analytical flow cell Baseline noiseb dual wavelength dry 35 x 10 6 AU 230 nm 280 nm 1 point s 30 s se...

Страница 140: ...kPa 69 bar 1000 psi analytical cell Wetted materials 316 stainless steel fused silica PEEK Tefzel a US Patent Numbers US 5 883 721 Table B 6 Waters TaperSlit flow cell specifications Description Volu...

Страница 141: ...solvent filters with particulate matter C 1 3 Solvent quality Use HPLC grade solvents for the best possible results Filter solvents through 0 45 m filters before their use Solvents distilled in glass...

Страница 142: ...irectly Changes involving two solvents that are not totally miscible for example from chloroform to water require an intermediate solvent such as isopropanol temperature affects solvent miscibility If...

Страница 143: ...15 210 4 3 2 propanol 2 35 117 7 15 4 4 Methyl acetate 0 45 56 3 15 17 260 4 5 Methyl ethyl ketone 0 43 80 0 17 330 4 5 Cyclohexanone 2 24 155 7 28 210 4 5 Nitrobenzene 2 03 210 8 14 20 4 6 Benzonitri...

Страница 144: ...standard solvents and have M numbers of 0 32 Two liquids with dual M numbers are usually miscible with each other A liquid is classified in the M number system by testing for miscibility with a seque...

Страница 145: ...ity Only a finite amount of gas can be dissolved in a given volume of liquid This amount depends on the chemical affinity of the gas for the liquid the temperature of the liquid the pressure applied t...

Страница 146: ...ng or by keeping a blanket of helium over the solvent Blanketing inhibits reabsorption of atmospheric gases Sparging can change the composition of mixed solvents C 7 2 Vacuum degassing The in line vac...

Страница 147: ...velength selection C 8 1 UV cutoffs for common solvents The table below shows the UV cutoff the wavelength at which the absorbance of the solvent is equal to 1 AU for some common chromatographic solve...

Страница 148: ...e UV cutoff nm Mobile phase UV cutoff nm Acetic acid 1 230 Sodium chloride 1 M 207 Ammonium acetate 10 mM 205 Sodium citrate 10 mM 225 Ammonium bicarbonate 10 mM 190 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 190 BRIJ 35...

Страница 149: ...avelengths may be necessary to determine the best wavelength for a particular analysis Table C 4 Electronic absorption bands of representative chromophores Chromophore Chemical configuration max nm ma...

Страница 150: ...clic 210 230 21 000 Allene C C 3 260 35 000 Allene C C 4 300 52 000 Allene C C 5 330 118 000 Allene C C 2 alicyclic 230 260 3000 8000 Ethylenic Acetylenic C C C C 219 6 500 Ethylenic Amido C C C N 220...

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