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10.7 SONET Functions > Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)

The Tandem paths defined in ITU recommendation G .707 Annex D and Annex E. ITU-T recommendation G.707 defines a

tandem connection source and sink and describes the responses of each when defect (alarm) and error conditions are detected.

Tandem connection maintenance signals are carried in the Z5 byte for STS-N, and in the Z6 byte for VT's. These two bytes are

structured similarly, but their functions are not identical.

TX150 e-Manual D07-00-023 Rev A02

Page 92 of 107

Содержание TX150

Страница 1: ...translated into a foreign language or be transmitted electronically without prior agreement and written consent of VeEX Incorporated as governed by International copyright laws Information contained...

Страница 2: ...d Panels 5 1 Test Ports 5 2 Bantam Interface 5 3 BNC Interface 5 4 SFP Interface 5 5 SMA Interface 5 6 LEDs 6 0 Menus Home 7 0 Setup 7 1 Signal Overview 7 2 PDH DSn Transmitter 7 2 1 Hierarchy 7 2 2 I...

Страница 3: ...ttern 7 6 Measurement Configuration 7 6 1 Timer 7 6 2 ITU T Performance Analysis 7 6 3 General 7 6 4 Auto Config 8 0 Results 8 1 PDH DSn Results 8 1 1 Summary 8 1 2 Errors and Alarms 8 1 3 Event Log 8...

Страница 4: ...entifiers 10 5 Payload Labels 10 6 APS Tasks 10 6 1 APS Testing 10 6 2 APS Sequence 10 7 Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM 10 8 Tributary Scan 10 9 Round Trip Delay 11 0 PDH Functions 11 1 E1 Pulse Mas...

Страница 5: ...s No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted electronically or otherwise without written permission from VeEX Inc This device uses software either developed by VeEX Inc or licensed by V...

Страница 6: ...TX150 displays a laser warning icon when the laser source is active to alert the user about a potentially dangerous situation It is recommended to 1 Deactivate the laser before connecting or disconnec...

Страница 7: ...Go back to top 4 2 Touch Screen Display The LCD supports touch screen operations In order to use the unit in touch screen mode open the transparent door covering the screen Then take out the stylus a...

Страница 8: ...es 5 2 Bantam interface Balanced Tx and Rx electrical interfaces for T1 and E1 signals The port is 120 ohms for E1 signals and 100 ohms for T1 signals 5 3 BNC interface Unbalanced 75ohm Tx and Rx inte...

Страница 9: ...he unit for the first time a full charge and discharge cycle is recommended to condition the battery Full charge is reached after 6 7 hours of continuous charging with the unit switched off The Signal...

Страница 10: ...uire the purchase of a software option in order to be activated Some items have not been released and will become available in future software releases Go back to top 7 0 Setup To access the Setup app...

Страница 11: ...are grouped into a simple yet intuitive block diagram The Tx and Rx signal parameters can be modified by tapping the applicable block which brings up a new dialog window displaying additional input an...

Страница 12: ...figure lower order mapping and the channel number Payload Applies to both SONET and PDH DSn signals and allows the user to configure low rate signal if applicable and associated framing Pattern Applie...

Страница 13: ...rface Setup screen shown below TEST PORT In PDH DSn mode only the electrical interface selection is possible LINE CODE In DS1 mode the line code options default to B8ZS or AMI In DS3 mode the line cod...

Страница 14: ...anel If unchecked the unit will assume that testing is taking place on the 75 ohm unbalanced BNC Tx connector for E1 mode Go back to top 7 2 3 Tx Setup Payload Tapping the Payload box opens the Tx Pay...

Страница 15: ...med D4 SF and ANSI T1 107 ESF In DS3 mode the options are unframed M13 and C Parity In E1 mode the options are unframed PCM31 PCM31C PCM30 and PCM30C Framing conforms to G 704 and G 706 recommendation...

Страница 16: ...ed words and 24 bit user defined patterns are available INVERT Inversion of PRBS polarity is also available Inversion of fixed words is not permitted Note ITU T specification 0 150 recommends for the...

Страница 17: ...T If a PDH DSn structure has been selected in the Hierarchy setup the optical options will be disabled under the test port menu TERMINATION The sensitivity of the receiver can be set for ITU T and ANS...

Страница 18: ...rotects the DS1 or E1 signal from any possible disruption LINE CODE The line code for testing at the various Rx bit rates is the same for the Tx described previously The termination settings in this R...

Страница 19: ...a known test pattern Deselect this option if signal is expected to contain live network traffic this will disable the pattern detection process and will enable the reporting of LSS PATTERN Same optio...

Страница 20: ...ilable TEST RATE Options are OC 3 OC 12 OC 48 referring to 155M 622M and 2 5G respectively MAPPING STS mappings per Bellcore GR 253 and ANSI T1 105 recommendations are supported The multiplexing struc...

Страница 21: ...gnal 3 Payload Through mode Overhead overwrite Editing Thru mode OH and Payload overwrite Regardless of the payload selection all data in the payload space goes through the Section overhead bytes can...

Страница 22: ...box opens the Tx Structure Setup screen Mapping STS 48C STS 12C STS 3C STS 1 and VT1 5 is available VT 2 is option BULK Tap the checkbox to enable the setting In bulk mode the entire VT container is...

Страница 23: ...ns the Tx Payload Setup screen RATE Depends on mapping selected In VT 1 5 mapping mode The Low Rate options are 1 544M or Fractional DS1 Nx64 or Nx56 where 1 544 M Configures the transmitter for full...

Страница 24: ...1 107 ESF In DS3 mode the options are unframed M13 and C Parity In E1 mode the options are unframed PCM31 PCM31C PCM30 and PCM30C Framing conforms to G 704 and G 706 recommendations and are briefly de...

Страница 25: ...or the Tx described previously except for clock offset which is not possible Note Remember to use an optical attenuator to prevent receiver overload or damage refer to the SFP chart below to determine...

Страница 26: ...setup options for the Rx are the same as for the Tx described previously Go back to top 7 5 4 Rx Setup Payload Tapping the payload setup box opens the Rx Payload screen The payload setup options for...

Страница 27: ...e Out of Service selection which should be selected if the incoming signal is expected to contain a known test pattern Deselect this option if signal is expected to contain live traffic Go back to top...

Страница 28: ...r The test duration can be set in seconds minutes hours or days After programming the start time and duration press the Start button on the pull down menu and the test will be activated automatically...

Страница 29: ...rs for connections and block errors for paths o Evaluation period of 30 days G 828 Analysis Error performance parameters and objectives for international constant bit rate synchronous digital paths o...

Страница 30: ...ET paths and sections o Based on measuring block errors o BIS limits for OOS ISM o Evaluation periods of 15 minutes 2 hours 24 hours and 7 days o First step is a continuity test for 15 minutes Note On...

Страница 31: ...des an automatic move to result screen when it start Auto Save The automatic save results file tab the Auto save set to ON will automatically saved the results file Measurement Clock Source Internal C...

Страница 32: ...ANSI standards will be recognized If no test pattern is detected the unit assumes live traffic DSn PDH signals Unframed or framed payloads at all hierarchies For 1 5M signals containing 64 kbit s time...

Страница 33: ...ed when an alarm error condition has been detected or recorded The soft LEDs on screen are arranged logically and will depend on signal hierarchy structure payload and framing selected The soft LEDs h...

Страница 34: ...gical order that are associated with the signal under test All alarms are evaluated and stored The time resolution of alarms is 100ms Dual DS1 Mode Go back to top Results Errors Alarms Page 3 Page 3 o...

Страница 35: ...ents are presented in chronological sequence Number Event number events are numbered sequentially Type Indicates alarm or error type Start Indicates when the alarm or error was detected Dur Count Indi...

Страница 36: ...he rate of the input signal Min ppm Indicates the difference between the standard rate and the minimum deviation detected in the input signal Max ppm Indicates the difference between the standard rate...

Страница 37: ...ements section Go back to top 8 1 6 Results Histograms The Histogram tab brings up the screen displaying a historical record of the Alarms and Errors recorded during the measurement interval A dedicat...

Страница 38: ...The screen below depicts E1 errors Other mode The screen below depicts BER and bit errors TX150 e Manual D07 00 023 Rev A02 Page 38 of 107...

Страница 39: ...he horizontal axis indicates when the event occurred while the vertical axis indicates the logarithmic scale of errors The upper left and right arrows allow the user to scroll through the measurement...

Страница 40: ...lts Errors Alarms page 1 The Error Alarm tab brings up several pages showing the errors and alarm status Page 1 provides an overview of all the Errors and Alarms applicable to the signal or network un...

Страница 41: ...the measurement interval but it is no longer present or active Note Tapping the individual soft LED will automatically link you to the applicable result screen which provides detailed information The...

Страница 42: ...SONET Error and Alarm defection criteria per Bellcore GR 253 and ANSI T1 105 231 TX150 e Manual D07 00 023 Rev A02 Page 42 of 107...

Страница 43: ...e SONET Errors in logical order that are associated with the signal under test All errors are evaluated and stored The Elapsed Time ET is shown in the right hand corner of the header Error conditions...

Страница 44: ...Time ET since the start of the test is shown in the upper right hand corner The alarms associated with the Section and Line are displayed separately for ease of interpretation Go back to top Results...

Страница 45: ...ed with the signal under test All alarms are evaluated and stored Go back to top Results Errors Alarms page 6 Page 6 lists the PDH DSn Alarms in logical order that are associated with the signal and p...

Страница 46: ...nt Log The Event log tab brings up the screen listing the Error and Alarm events recorded during a test The events are presented in chronological sequence number type of event start time and duration...

Страница 47: ...plays the Optical module SFP information Loss of Signal LOS and the Saturation level for optical signals is shown graphically including the level measurement in dBm Results Frequency page 2 The receiv...

Страница 48: ...ow quality clock sources that deviate from the nominal value cause problems in the operation of network elements It is necessary and recommended to measure the signal frequency at all hierarchies to r...

Страница 49: ...roll through the measurement period while the and keys allow zooming of the time axis Go back to top Results Histogram page 2 Page 2 displays the Errors associated with the Section Overhead SOH Go bac...

Страница 50: ...The measured parameters are UNEQ P STS Path Unequipped PLM P STS Path Payload Mismatch TIM P STS Path Trace Identifier Mismatch RDI P STS Path Remote Defect Indication B3 errors REI P STS Path Remote...

Страница 51: ...am page 6 Page 6 displays the Alarms and Errors associated with the VT Path The measured parameters are UNEQ V VT Unequipped PLM V VT Payload Mismatch TIM V VT Trace Identifier Mismatch RDI V VT Remot...

Страница 52: ...ted with the payload The measured parameters depend on the payload selected Go back to top Results Histogram page 8 Page 8 displays the Errors associated with the payload The measured parameters depen...

Страница 53: ...test pattern Go back to top 8 2 6 Results Graph The Graph tab brings up the screen displaying a log of the Errors recorded during the measurement interval A dedicated page is available for each of the...

Страница 54: ...evaluated and can be performed on the following events FAS bit errors FAS 2 FAS 34 CRC errors E bit errors Bit errors TSE Test Sequence Error The following signals can be measured when performing G 82...

Страница 55: ...her bit rates and allows in service measurement using the evaluation of block errors The following are evaluated ES SES BE BBE and UAS Pass Fail result depending on path allocation of 0 1 to 100 In se...

Страница 56: ...ed Pass Fail result in conjunction with path allocation of between 0 1 and 100 G 828 evaluation can be performed on the following events B1 B2 REI S B3 REI P BIP V REI V Bit errors TSE Evaluation of t...

Страница 57: ...evaluated G 829 evaluation can be performed on the following events B1 B2 REI S Bit errors TSE Evaluation of the near end and the far end is possible however far end measurement can only be made if RE...

Страница 58: ...nd S2 for ES and SES Settings for S1 and S2 Path allocation 0 1 to 100 BISO multiplication factor 0 1 to 100 The M 2100 evaluation can be performed on the following events FAS bit errors FAS2 FAS34 an...

Страница 59: ...ion 0 1 to 100 BISO Multiplier 0 1 to 100 The M 2101 evaluation can be performed on the following events B1 B2 REI S B3 REI P BIP V REI V Bit errors TSE Evaluation of the near end and the far end is p...

Страница 60: ...ons are used in conjunction with the pull down menu which has dedicated buttons for error injection and alarm generation The alarm and error selections will depend on PDH DSn or SONET signal types 9 1...

Страница 61: ...e LOS LOF AIS S RDI S TIM S LOP P AIS P UNEQ P PLM P RDI P TIM P LOM V LOP V AIS V UNEQ V PLM V RDI V RFI V TIM V Payload alarms depends on payload DS1 AIS DS1 LOF 2M AIS 2M RDI 2M LOF 34M AIS 34M LOF...

Страница 62: ...C 2M REI 34M FAS 45M FAS 1 5M FAS Error Flow Inject a range of different anomalies into the transmit signal Error insertion modes include Single Inserts a single error every time the insertion button...

Страница 63: ...alarms by tapping the error injection and alarm generation buttons in the pull down menu Go back to top 10 0 SONET Functions The SONET SONET functions can be found on the main menu Tap the SONET Func...

Страница 64: ...ons are measured and compared with preset values TCM Tasks Used to analyze or edit the sequence of Z5 and Z6 TCM bytes by generating alarms and errors in the Tandem connection sub layer Tributary Scan...

Страница 65: ...es and their corresponding functions Section Layer A1 A2 Framing Bytes The A1 A2 bytes indicate the beginning of the STS N frame and provide a frame alignment pattern o A1 is the 1st framing byte 1111...

Страница 66: ...rator section Its value is calculated over all the bits of the STS N frame before scrambling The checksum value is placed in the SECTION overhead of the following STS N before scrambling E1 Byte Local...

Страница 67: ...rposes It can generate internal or external messages It can also be used as a BER function Pointers H1 H2 H3 Bytes STS Pointers Enable transfer of STS 3 frames with STS N frames and are processed by t...

Страница 68: ...APS message type conforms to ITU T G 783 and Bellcore GR 253 for Linear network architectures o Bits 1 4 1111 Lockout of protection 1110 Forced switch 1101 Signal fail high priority 1 n only 1100 Sig...

Страница 69: ...ckout of protection 1110 Forced switch span 1101 Forced switch ring 1100 Signal fail span 1011 Signal fail ring 1010 Signal degrade protection 1001 Signal degrade span 1000 Signal degrade ring 0111 Ma...

Страница 70: ...architecture 0 1 1 1 1 n o Bits 6 8 110 RDI L 111 AIS L Others Not used K2 Byte APS Ring Conforms to and follows ITU T G 841 Bellcore GR 253 recommendations Used to activate and deactivate the switchi...

Страница 71: ...Synchronization Status Synchronization status message byte contains information about the quality of the embedded timing and is used to inform the remote Multiplexer of the clock quality used to gene...

Страница 72: ...d for synchronization Other bytes are reserved E2 Byte A 64 kbps voice communication channel between multiplexers It s a channel used by craft persons and will be ignored as it passes through regenera...

Страница 73: ...rce This user programmable byte repeatedly transmits a 15 byte string plus 1 CRC 7 byte so that a receiver can continually verify its connection with the transmitter A 64 byte free format string is al...

Страница 74: ...e table below indicates the standard C2 binary values C2 byte structure per GR 253 recommendations Code hex Payload type 00 Unequipped 01 Equipped non specific standard payload 02 Floating VT mode 03...

Страница 75: ...defects F3 STS 1 payload with 19 VT x payload defects F4 STS 1 payload with 20 VT x payload defects F5 STS 1 payload with 21 VT x payload defects F6 STS 1 payload with 22 VT x payload defects F7 STS 1...

Страница 76: ...e VT Indicator Position or Sequence Indicator Multiframe phase indicator used for tributary structured payloads Z3 Z4 byte STS Path Allocated for future use Have no defined value The receiver is requi...

Страница 77: ...d blocks egressing the STS n o Bits 7 8 Operate in 76 multi frame structure Frames 1 8 Frame Alignment Signal FAS o Frames 9 72 The Access Point Identifier of the tandem connection TC API o Frames 73...

Страница 78: ...I V 0 no error 1 errors that is sent back towards an originating VT PTE if errors were detected by the BIP 2 o Bit 4 is reserved for mapping specific functions o Bits 5 7 provide the VT signal label 0...

Страница 79: ...connection o Bit 5 TC REI indicating errored blocks caused in the tandem connection o Bit 6 OEI indicating errored blocks of the egressing STS 1n o Bits 7 8 operate in a 76 multi frame structure Multi...

Страница 80: ...p Summary The summary tab displays the summary screen listing the major bytes of the received SONET signal Column 1 Indicates the byte type Column 2 Provides the hexadecimal value of the byte if appli...

Страница 81: ...keypad o Binary values using simple on screen bit toggle or pop up keypad o Convenient pull down selections In some instances the selections will be available over multiple pages Note While programmin...

Страница 82: ...head bytes is possible using the OH Generator feature dedicated functions are available for Pointer Tasks Payload Labels Trace Identifier APS Testing TCM testing In some instances more advanced editin...

Страница 83: ...ents o For STS pointers SS bits displays bits 5 and 6 of the H1 byte to indicate SONET 10 SONET 00 Unknown 01 and 11 signal type Pointer value displays the H1 and H2 values addresses indicating the of...

Страница 84: ...ue with or without a new data flag NDF Configurable in a range of 0 to 782 pointers Increment INC or Decrement DEC pointers with identical polarity by 1 byte in single steps o For VT pointers VT Point...

Страница 85: ...an 87 3 pattern 87 consecutive pointer adjustments 3 consecutive pointer value with no adjustments 87 3 Add generate an 87 3 pattern 87 consecutive pointer adjustments 3 consecutive pointer value wit...

Страница 86: ...s an initialization period followed by a cool down period of 30 seconds with no pointer movements Go back to top 10 4 SONET Functions Trace Identifier Tap the Trace Identifier icon to display the path...

Страница 87: ...ayer trace o Program a 1 or 16 byte identifier to set and check the expected trace o Enable or disable the TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch alarm J1 STS Path High order path section trace STS path sectio...

Страница 88: ...e payload label screens There are dedicated tabs for Transmitted and Received payload labels and setups C2 STS Path Path signal label o Specifies the mapping type in the STS 1n o Program the Tx or Rx...

Страница 89: ...ns APS Tasks 10 6 1 SONET Functions APS Timing This function measures the Automatic Protection Switching APS limits of the network APS applies only to the Multiplex sections of a SONET network and ena...

Страница 90: ...threshold Normally over a provisioned range of 1 x 10 5 to 1 x 10 9 Test Procedure 1 The TX150 should be connected to a tributary port of network element or transmission system to ensure that the swi...

Страница 91: ...Configurable in the range from 50ms to 200ms typically 50ms according to ITU T recommendations Gate Time Configurable in the range from 500ms to 4 seconds Used to measure total service disruption whe...

Страница 92: ...07 defines a tandem connection source and sink and describes the responses of each when defect alarm and error conditions are detected Tandem connection maintenance signals are carried in the Z5 byte...

Страница 93: ...nsidering that an STS 3 contains 84 x VT 1 5 s and a STS 12 contains 336 x VT 1 5 s checking each path manually can be very time consuming The TX150 automatically performs a sequential BER test on eac...

Страница 94: ...sending a test pattern A errors is transmitted in the pattern The time it takes for the error to reach the receiver is the propagation time through the network Select SONET as Tx Rx standard View the...

Страница 95: ...s impacting the E1 measurement the TX150 will terminate twisted pair cables with 120 ohms and coax cable with 75 ohms impedance Note that 75 Ohm and 120 Ohm twisted pair cables each have different nom...

Страница 96: ...smatch i e the greater the mismatch the greater the reflection of the pulse Go back to top 11 3 PDH Functions E1 APS Testing This function measures the Automatic Protection Switching APS limits of the...

Страница 97: ...mit the CRC multiframe signal in PCM30C and PCM31C Bit 2 Set to 1 to prevent simulation of FAS Bit 3 A shows the remote alarm indication Bits 4 to 8 Sa4 to Sa8 are spare bits Tx Bits Sa4 to Sa8 are us...

Страница 98: ...T Round Trip Delay described 11 6 PDH Functions E1 Rx Data Tapping the E1 Rx Data the PDH Functions screen The PDH E1 Rx data show received data and captured the current timeslots Go back to top 12 0...

Страница 99: ...ITU T G 703 pulse conformance template Telecommunications signals require specific load impedance for pulse mask compliance testing to be accurate When high frequency pulses are transmitted down a tr...

Страница 100: ...p 2 send the loop down code for 5 seconds Same as loop up but check for the return code disappeared Transmits in band and out of band DS1 loop In band CSU NIU FAC1 NIU FAC2 Transmit Select code transm...

Страница 101: ...rrors will result The pulse amplitude and overall shape are superimposed and compared with the Telcordia TR TSY 000499 and ITU T G 703 pulse conformance template Telecommunications signals require spe...

Страница 102: ...eceive loop up codes and information from the far end T3 device You can enable and disable through a drop down menu in this field Loop UP Activate 00010010 11111111 sent 10 repetitions Loop Down Deact...

Страница 103: ...DS3 Tools screen The DS3 Round Trip Delay is the same measurement as for the SONET Round Trip Delay described Go back to top 14 0 Profiles Profiles can be created in any application that has a Profil...

Страница 104: ...ile is saved all of the test configurations that apply to the particular application PDH DSn or SONET are saved This allows for fast access to pre configured test configurations Go back to top 15 0 Co...

Страница 105: ...er to Common Functions E Manual Go back to top 15 4 Help Please refer to Common Functions E Manual Go back to top 15 5 Backlight Please refer to Common Functions E Manual Go back to top TX150 e Manual...

Страница 106: ...e to the customer all fixes patches and enhancements to the purchased software firmware and software options VeEX Inc does not warrant that all software or firmware defects will be corrected New enhan...

Страница 107: ...Customer Care Phone 1 408 970 9090 Email customercare veexinc com Go back to top TX150 e Manual D07 00 023 Rev A02 Page 107 of 107...

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