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Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________ Functional Description

VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 73

CHAPTER 5

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

This chapter describes the functionality of the product.

Theory of Operation

Basic Principle of Operation

The operating principle of Ceilometer CL31 is based on the
measurement of the time needed for a short pulse of light to traverse
the atmosphere from the transmitter of the ceilometer to a
backscattering cloud base and back to the receiver of the ceilometer.

With the speed of light being:

c = 2.99 x 10

8

m/s (= 186 000 miles per second)

A reflection from 25000 ft will be seen by the receiver after

t = 50.9

µ

s

The general expression connecting time delay (t) and backscattering
height (h) is

h = ct/2

where c is the speed of light.

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Содержание CL31

Страница 1: ...Vaisala Ceilometer CL31 USER S GUIDE M210482EN B October 2004 ...

Страница 2: ...mechanical including photocopying nor may its contents be communicated to a third party without prior written permission of the copyright holder The contents are subject to change without prior notice Please observe that this manual does not create any legally binding obligations for Vaisala towards the customer or end user All legally binding commitments and agreements are included exclusively in...

Страница 3: ...ion to Vaisala Ceilometer CL31 13 Product Nomenclature 15 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLATION 19 Installation Procedure 19 Unloading and Unpacking Instructions 19 Preparing a Concrete Foundation 20 Mounting the Ceilometer CL31 22 Connecting the External Cables 25 Data Line Connection 26 Grounding 28 Maintenance Terminal Connection 29 Setting up Maintenance Terminal Connection 29 Operation of Maintenance Termin...

Страница 4: ...egram Structure Remarks 66 Failure and Warning Messages 66 Checksum Calculation 69 Manual Message 70 Polling Mode 70 CHAPTER 5 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 73 Theory of Operation 73 Basic Principle of Operation 73 Practical Measurement Signal 74 Noise Cancellation 74 Return Signal Strength 75 Height Normalization 75 Backscatter Coefficient 75 Extinction Normalization and Vertical Visibility 77 CHAPTER 6...

Страница 5: ... Conditioner 118 External Connector J2 Power Input 118 Output Interface 118 External Connector J3 Data Line 119 External Connector J4 Maintenance Line 120 Modem Module DMX501 121 Transmitter Specifications 121 Receiver Specifications 122 Optical System Specifications 122 Performance Specifications 122 Environmental Conditions Specifications 123 INDEX 125 List of Figures Figure 1 Vaisala Ceilometer...

Страница 6: ...ser Level Commands 40 Table 6 Advanced Level Commands 43 Table 7 Messages with 10 m Resolution Standard Mode 46 Table 8 Messages with 5 m Resolution High Resolution 46 Table 9 Error Group Definition 67 Table 10 Error Group 1 Byte 83 67 Table 11 Error Group 2 Byte 84 67 Table 12 Error Group 3 Byte 85 67 Table 13 Error Group 4 Byte 86 68 Table 14 Error Group 5 Byte 87 68 Table 15 Error Group 6 Byte ...

Страница 7: ... notes for the product Chapter 2 Product Overview introduces the features advantages and the product nomenclature Chapter 3 Installation provides you with information that is intended to help you install this product Chapter 4 Operation contains information that is needed to operate this product Chapter 5 Functional Description describes the functionality of the product Chapter 6 Maintenance provi...

Страница 8: ...you find errors or have other suggestions for improvement please indicate the chapter section and page number You can send comments to us by e mail manuals vaisala com Safety General Safety Considerations Throughout the manual important safety considerations are highlighted as follows WARNING Warning alerts you to a serious hazard If you do not read and follow instructions very carefully at this p...

Страница 9: ...e shock hazard the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground The instrument is equipped with a three conductor AC power connector The power cable must either be plugged into an approved three contact electrical outlet or the instrument must be carefully grounded to a low resistance safety ground WARNING Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases...

Страница 10: ...hey are connected to a powered unit High voltage is present in AC Power Unit CLP311 Internal Heater CLH311 Ceilometer Engine Board CLE311 and the Window Blower CLB311 at the top of the Shield Laser Transmitter CLT311 Receiver CLR311 and AC Power Unit CLP311 are equipped with the following warning label WARNING HIGH VOLTAGE INSIDE THIS ENCLOSURE Internal Heater CLH311 can be hot and is equipped wit...

Страница 11: ...ithout first switching off both the line and the battery power and detaching the trasnmitter ribbon cable from the Ceilometer Engine Board When operating avoid looking at the ceilometer unit from the beam direction When tilting the unit make sure that it is not being viewed from the beam direction with magnifying optics Only trained personnel should perform maintenance functions Access to the work...

Страница 12: ...istive connection cord When neither of the above is possible touch a conductive part of the equipment chassis with your other hand before touching the boards Always hold the boards by the edges and avoid touching the component contacts Recycling Recycle all applicable material Dispose of batteries and the unit according to statutory regulations Do not dispose of with regular household refuse Warra...

Страница 13: ...uds is measured as the laser pulses traverse the sky The resulting backscatter profile that is the signal strength versus the height is stored and processed and the cloud bases are detected Knowing the speed of light the time delay between the launch of the laser pulse and the detection of the backscatter signal indicates the cloud base height Ceilometer CL31 is able to detect three cloud layers s...

Страница 14: ...___________________________________________ 14 __________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B 0406 052 Figure 1 Vaisala Ceilometer CL31 The following numbers refer to Figure 1 above 1 Shield 2 Measurement Unit ...

Страница 15: ...lower 100 115 VAC Spare part CLB311 230SP Window Blower 220 240 VAC Spare part CT3839SP Power cable 230 V Spare part CT35324SP Power cable 115 V Spare part CT3838 Data cable Spare part DRW217429 Coaxial Cable Spare part Table 3 Vaisala Ceilometer CL31 Optional Parts Code Common Name Description DMX501 Modem Module Spare part CLRADIOKIT Radio Modem Installation Kit Excl radio modem and antenna TERM...

Страница 16: ... s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 16 __________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B 0311 057 Figure 2 Ceilometer CL31 Main Parts ...

Страница 17: ...7 The following numbers refer to Figure 2 on page 16 1 Internal heater CLH311 2 CLO311 Optics unit 3 Ceilometer Receiver CLR311 4 Receiver ring 5 Transmitter ring 6 Ceilometer Transmitter CLT311 7 F1 Main circuit breaker F2 Window blower circuit breaker 8 Ceilometer Engine Board CLE311 9 Laser Monitor Board CLM311 10 Battery 4592 11 AC Power CLP311 12 Battery switch ...

Страница 18: ...User s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 18 __________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 19: ... the shield and all the equipment accessories and documentation needed for carrying out the installation Store the original packaging for possible later transport need For opening the package should be placed on a flat surface with the indicated top side up You should open the container from the top side and carefully remove the ceilometer and all the other equipment Use proper gloves for protecti...

Страница 20: ...ement Unit Handle If mishandling occurs during transit or installation the instrument should be returned to a Vaisala office or authorized Depot for inspection Preparing a Concrete Foundation The standard foundation for the CL31 ground installation is a concrete foundation The minimum dimensions suggested are presented in Figure 4 on page 21 Mounting hardware is included with the delivery ...

Страница 21: ...tallation VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 21 NOTE In case CL31 is used to replace another ceilometer CT25K CT12K LD40 LD25 or LD12 the existing foundation and foundation screws can be used 9412 027 Figure 4 Foundation Construction ...

Страница 22: ... in such a way that approximately 30 mm 1 25 inches of the foundation screw threads stand above the surface 4 Pour in the concrete and finish the foundation Using an Existing Foundation 1 Drill four holes with a diameter of 12 mm and a depth of 165 mm 0 5 6 5 inches into the concrete 2 Fasten the M10 40 wedge bolts to the lower ends of the foundation screws 4 each 3 Place the wedge bolt and founda...

Страница 23: ...r cable from connector J1 see Figure 7 on page 25 and pull out the unit 2 Place the shield on the foundation in such a way that the door faces North in the Northern hemisphere and South in the Southern hemisphere Refer to Figure 6 on page 24 3 Place the flat washers on the foundation screws and fix the nuts Refer to Figure 6 on page 24 4 Place the measurement unit inside the shield connect the blo...

Страница 24: ...ser s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 24 __________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B 0311 056 Figure 6 Mounting the Shield ...

Страница 25: ...3 and J4 0306 006 Figure 7 External Connectors Bottom View The window blower mounted into the shield is connected to connector J1 Line power input is connected to connector J2 Remote communication is normally connected to connector J3 A local maintenance terminal a laptop or a palmtop for example can be connected to connector J4 A protective cap is included for covering J4 when it is not used Exte...

Страница 26: ...ination Box are presented in the Termination Box User s Guide refer to section Related Manuals on page 8 NOTE When the permanent line power installation is made the maximum size of the fuse protecting the power line is 10 A Data Line Connection Vaisala Ceilometer CL31 offers three possible options for the data line connection These options are presented in the following figures 0311 060 Figure 8 D...

Страница 27: ..._______________________________________________ 27 Default Settings for the Data Line Modem Connection Modem mode V 22bis Bit rate 2400 Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity None 0311 061 Figure 9 Data Line RS 485 Connection Default Settings for the Data Line RS 485 Connection Bit rate 19200 Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity None ...

Страница 28: ...r the Data Line RS 232 Connection Bit rate 19200 Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity None Handshake None Grounding The power supply connector J2 provides a standard protective ground for the instrument chassis CL31 is equipped with a separate grounding screw for external grounding at the bottom of the shield CAUTION Connection to a solid earth ground at the installation site is mandatory for adequate l...

Страница 29: ...nector J4 and the terminal computer 2 Set the following settings for the terminal Bit rate 9600 Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity None Handshake None Operation of Maintenance Terminal Connection To operate the connection do the following 1 Turn the power on in CL31 2 Open the CL31 maintenance with the open command 3 The prompt CEILO appears For details see Chapter 5 Functional Description on page 73 ...

Страница 30: ...e unit make sure that nobody is watching it with binoculars or other magnifying optics NOTE To avoid direct sunlight tilt the unit away from the sun That is tilt it north in the northern hemisphere and south in the southern hemisphere Direct insolation exposure will not damage the unit but will cause alarms and temporarily invalidate the data As these advantages may be contradictory or cannot be r...

Страница 31: ...information if necessary Then proceed as follows 1 Turn the main circuit breaker F1 to the Off position for location see Figure 12 on page 33 2 Plug in the line supply cable to connector J2 for location see Figure 7 on page 25 after checking the voltage of the power supply cable connector 3 Turn the Main Circuit Breaker F1 the Window Blower Circuit Breaker F2 and the Battery Switch to the On posit...

Страница 32: ... Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 32 __________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B 0311 058 Figure 11 Subassembly Interconnections ...

Страница 33: ...er CLP311 2 Coaxial cable connection to Ceilometer Receiver CLR311 3 Connection to Ceilometer Transmitter CLT311 4 Connection to Battery 4592 5 Connection to Ceilometer Receiver CLR311 6 Connection to Laser monitor board CLM311 7 Connection to AC power CLP311 8 Connection to Internal heater CLH311 9 Battery switch 0406 053 Figure 12 CL31 Switches The following numbers refer to Figure 12 above 1 F1...

Страница 34: ...e Board CLE311 Settings for Normal Operation The switch settings for normal operation are as follows Main circuit breaker F1 ON Heater Blower circuit breaker F2 ON Battery switch ON The data message and interface configuration and the configuration of measuring interval and transmission speed are standard factory settings When required the settings can be changed by giving commands with the termin...

Страница 35: ... can be seen with the following command get params parameter_group The user programmable parameters can be changed with the following command set parameter_group parameter Table 4 Factory Defaults of User Programmable Parameters Parameter Factory Default Control blower Auto Control inheater Auto Data_acq power_save Disabled Data_port baud 19200 Data_port mode RS232 Data_port parity 8N1 Maint_port ...

Страница 36: ...User s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 36 __________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 37: ...ement and message transmission occurs according to the chosen parameters The standby mode which involves turning off the wearing parts can be used during periods when measurement is not needed 0406 020 Figure 14 Operation Modes Serial Lines Open and Closed Port The two serial lines provided are called the maintenance line external connector J4 and the data line external connector J3 The data line ...

Страница 38: ...mitted as a response to a polling input string or automatically at predetermined intervals depending on the corresponding settings message transmission User commands are not accepted except for the open command which turns the line into the OPEN state OPEN This is the user dialog state In this state the user commands are responded to and command input is echoed A command prompt CEILO is displayed ...

Страница 39: ...an output of the available menu Inserting a letter followed by ENTER outputs all commands starting with that letter Inserting two letters followed by ENTER outputs all commands that start with those two letters etc until only the desired command is left This command is then executed by pressing the ENTER key In addition to the user menu and the user level command set there is a second in depth mai...

Страница 40: ...ens a user interface reset Resets the ceilometer using the watchdog reset set control blower on Sets the window blower on set control blower off Sets the window blower off set control blower manual Sets manual control set control blower auto Sets automatic control set control inheater on Sets inheater on set control inheater off Sets inheater off set control inheater manual Sets manual control set...

Страница 41: ...ts diagnostic data logging interval min 0 disables set diag interval l_power Sets diagnostic data logging interval min 0 disables set diag interval l_temp Sets diagnostic data logging interval min 0 disables set diag interval clear Clears all diagnostic data history set maint_port baud 115 2 k Maintenance serial port speed set maint_port baud 57 6 k Maintenance serial port speed set maint_port bau...

Страница 42: ...Sets Msg2 with 5x770 profile set message type msg2_base Sets Msg2 without a profile set message type status Sets status message set message type ct25k_msg1 Sets CT25K message 1 set message type ct25k_msg6 Sets CT25K msg6 CT25KAM msg60 set message type ct25k_msg61 Sets CT25KAM msg61 set message type ct12k_dmsg2 Set CT12K message no 2 set message type ct12k_dmsg3 Set CT12K message no 3 set message t...

Страница 43: ... set data_acq autoadj off Disables SW control of data acquisition parameters set data_acq meas_mode standard Maximum range 7700 m 10 m resolution laser pulse rate 10 kHz set data_acq meas_mode high_res Maximum range 7550 m 5 m resolution laser pulse rate 8 kHz set data_acq power_save disable Disables power save mode set data_acq power_save enable Enables power save mode set data_acq power_save int...

Страница 44: ...ky_cond on 0 99999 Enables the sky condition option with an activation code Data Messages To ease the use of Ceilometer CL31 and to ease the transfer from old ceilometer versions to the new one CL31 includes data messages used in CT12K CT25K CT25KAM and LD40 CL31 provides the following data messages CL31 Data messages 1 and 2 CL31 Status message CT12K data messages No 2 and No 3 CT25K data message...

Страница 45: ...at enables a host system or operator to see that no warnings or alarms are present This message also includes a range and sensitivity normalized backscatter profile which makes it suitable for example for a graphical data presentation or research purposes The data resolution is 5 m 10 m 20 m 16 ft 33 ft 66 ft with distance and 20 bits five hex ASCII characters with signal magnitude An example of C...

Страница 46: ...1 msg1_10x770 3956 28 8k 4890 MB 4800 815 MB 12 msg1_20x385 2031 14 4k 2510 MB 2400 418 MB 15 msg1_base 55 300 68 MB 300 11 MB 21 msg2_10x770 3993 28 8k 4940MB 4800 423 MB 22 msg2_20x385 2068 14 4k 2560 MB 2400 425 MB 25 msg2_base 92 600 114 MB 300 19 MB Table 8 Messages with 5 m Resolution High Resolution Message Number and Subclass Message Name Length bytes Min bps 3 s Data Month 3 s Min bps 15 ...

Страница 47: ...significant backscatter One cloud base detected Two cloud bases detected Three cloud bases detected Full obscuration determined but no cloud base detected Some obscuration detected but determined to be transparent Raw data input to algorithm missing or suspect 0 Second digit of line 0 W A Warning and Alarm information as follows Self check OK At least one Warning active no Alarms At least one Alar...

Страница 48: ...00 0000 spare A b37 0020 0000 0000 spare A b36 0010 0000 0000 spare A C b35 0008 0000 0000 spare A b34 0004 0000 0000 spare A b33 0002 0000 0000 Coaxial cable failure A b32 0001 0000 0000 Ceilometer engine board failure A B b31 0000 8000 0000 Window contamination W b30 0000 4000 0000 Battery voltage low W b29 0000 2000 0000 Transmitter expires W b28 0000 1000 0000 High humidity W A b27 0000 0800 0...

Страница 49: ...2 Example __3_055__5_170__0_ __0_ __0_ space character indicated with _ for clarity where 3 First digit of line 0 8 9 1 99 Detection status as follows Cloud amount of the first layer in oktas Vertical visibility Data missing sky condition option not active or the ceilometer is in standby mode Not enough data after start up 055 Second digit of line Height of the 1st cloud layer 550 m or 5500 ft dep...

Страница 50: ...t millivolts at internal ADC input 0 2500 L0112HN15 Measurement parameters pulse Long Short pulse qty 0112x1024 gain High Low bandwidth Narrow Wide sampling 15 30 MHz 139 SUM of detected and normalized backscatter 0 999 Multiplied by scaling factor times 104 At scaling factor 100 the SUM range 0 999 corresponds to integrated backscatter 0 0 srad 1 NOTE This line is omitted if the message subclass ...

Страница 51: ...a3f where End of Text character 1a3f Checksum see below for calculation procedure End of Transmission character Carriage Return Line Feed CRC16 Checksum The CRC16 checksum can be calculated using the following algorithm written in the C programming language 16 bit type typedef unsigned short Word16 Calculate CRC 16 value as used in CL31 Word16 crc16 const unsigned char buf int len Word16 crc Word1...

Страница 52: ...ed by giving the status command An example of the status message is presented below CL0100S0 10 00850 000000000080 Alarms Tmit Shutoff OK Transmitter OK Receiver OK Voltages OK Alignment OK Ext Memory OK Light Pth Obs OK Rec Saturat OK Coaxial Cable OK Engine OK Oper Mode normal Autoadj on Meas Mode standard Interval 2 0 s Power Save disabled Sleep Int 60 s Transmitter Receiver Pulse Len long Gain...

Страница 53: ...age interpretation in section CL31 Data Messages No 1 on page 45 LINES 3 8 Lines three to eight display the alarm status of Ceilometer CL31 Should an alarm be present CL31 will invalidate the cloud data 9TH LINE The ninth line displays the operation mode and autoadjustment settings of CL31 In normal use the operation mode should be set to normal and autoadjustment should be set to on 10TH LINE The...

Страница 54: ...on 17TH LINE Line 17 displays the window contamination status and outlaser settings of CL31 The estimated transparency of 90 to 100 means that the window is clean It is recommended that the window is cleaned whenever there is a window contamination warning that is the transparency is estimated as 70 or lower Outlaser is the laser pulse energy measured with CLM311 Laser Monitor Board The value unde...

Страница 55: ...isplays a summary of the system status It should be OK Alternatively it can display the texts Warning or Alarm Fail if there are warnings or alarms present 27TH LINE Line 27 displays the automatic diagnosis in case of a failure The system suggests a module to be replaced If there is a secondary option it will be stated in parentheses 28TH LINE Example where End of Text character Carriage Return Li...

Страница 56: ... 0 00 0 0 0DD DD 1 2 3 4 5 6 data values 7 8 9 10 11 12DD DD ON OFF data is l O accordingly Other data is decimal or hexadecimal numbers The total length of the message is 636 characters The printout is 15 lines the width is max 44 characters of which 42 are visible Message Interpretation 1ST LINE Example where Start of Heading character Carriage Return Line Feed 2ND LINE The first line of the mes...

Страница 57: ...ng character the alarming line appears one character shorter in a printout than normally N 0 4 H1 H2 T1 T2 1 2 H1H1H1H1H1 The lowest detected cloud height in 5 digits Leading zeroes not suppressed T1T1T1T1T1 Range of backscatter of first layer if not defined 2 H2H2H2H2H2 Second cloud height if not defined T2T2T2T2T2 Range of backscatter of second layer if not defined 3 H1H1H1H1H1 Calculated vertic...

Страница 58: ...related internal processing information N A 3 digits LASE Measured laser power in percentages of current laser power of target laser power LLAS 3 digits TL x Internal variable indicating transmitter temperature Two digits one decimal preceded by minus sign if negative Degrees Celsius OF FS 0 00 Always Offset of zero signal N A Two digits two decimals XX 0 Always Algorithm related internal processi...

Страница 59: ... and one single range gate data line indicating the presence or absence of backscatter in each range gate An example of digital message No 3 is presented below 10 04200 00150 0000011010 0001FFF80000000000007A000 000 ON OFF data is l O accordingly Other data is decimal or hexadecimal numbers The total length of the message is 112 characters The printout is 2 lines the maximum width is 66 characters...

Страница 60: ...tes F Indicates backscatter in all four range gates 8 Indicates backscatter in the lowest range gate only 1 Indicates backscatter in the highest range gate only All other characters indicate a gate by gate combination of backscatter according to the binary nibble converted to hexadecimal CT25K Data Messages Ceilometer CL31 also includes two Ceilometer CT25K data messages These are data message No ...

Страница 61: ...CL31 data message No 1 see the message interpretation in section CL31 Data Messages No 1 on page 45 except for the status bit string which is 4 byte hex coded The status bit string is coded as follows where FEDC BA98 Alarm A Warning W and internal status information Each character is a hexadecimal representation of four bits that is values between 0 and 9 are presented with respective numbers and ...

Страница 62: ...is ON b10 0000 0400 Blower heater is ON b09 0000 0200 Internal heater is ON b08 0000 0100 Units are METERS if ON else FEET 9 b07 0000 0080 Polling mode is ON b06 0000 0040 Working from battery b05 0000 0020 Always 0 Single sequence mode is N A b04 0000 0010 Always 0 Manual settings are effective N A 8 b03 0000 0008 Tilt angle is 45 degrees W b02 0000 0004 High radiance warning together with b19 W ...

Страница 63: ...ty 1 Data missing or the ceilometer is in standby mode 99 Not enough data after start up 055 The second number of line Height of the 1st cloud layer 5500 ft or 550 m depending on feet or meter selection 5 The third number of line Cloud amount of the 2nd layer in oktas 170 The fourth number of line Height of the 2nd cloud layer 17000 ft or 1700 m depending on feet or meter selection 0 The fifth num...

Страница 64: ... No 60 and CT25K message No 6 but extended with a fifth layer in the sky condition line An example of data message No 61 is presented below CTA2061 1st line 11 char 30 01230 12340 23450 FEDCBA98 2nd line 31 char 3 055 5 170 0 0 0 3rd line 37 char 4rd line 3 char total 82 characters The transmission time and size is the following total 82 characters 0 34 s at 2400 baud 10 bit char 20 4 Kbytes h 490...

Страница 65: ... Time N A 00875 First cloud layer 11175 Second cloud layer NODET Third cloud layer in this case not detected 0100 Penetration depth of laser beam into first cloud layer 0325 Penetration depth of laser beam into second cloud layer NODT Penetration depth of laser beam into third cloud layer 11300 Vertical visibility 11600 Maximum range of detection 025 Cloud height offset in this case the ceilometer...

Страница 66: ...result of the measurement NODET may appear instead of cloud layers minimum vertical extensions of clouds and vertical visibility c When bytes 83 to 90 signal an CL31 alarm all cloud detection values within the telegram are replaced by minus signs 2D Hex For example is shown instead of bytes 27 to 31 d All values given are height above the runway level Ceilometer CL31 itself might be located above ...

Страница 67: ...erature regulation 7 89 Always 0 Not used The following tables describe each single error code of the different error groups Table 10 Error Group 1 Byte 83 Error Code Description 0 Status OK 1 Engine or voltage failure A 2 Not used 3 Not used 4 Not used 5 Not used 6 Not used Table 11 Error Group 2 Byte 84 Error Code Description 0 Status OK 1 Light path obstruction A or Window contamination warning...

Страница 68: ... Byte 87 Error Code Description 0 Status OK 1 Laser monitor failure W or Blower failure W or High radiation warning W or Engine warning W or Tilt angle warning angle is 45 degrees W or Battery voltage low W or Battery failure W or Humidity high option W or Humidity Sensor failure option W 2 Not used 3 Memory failure A 4 Not used Table 15 Error Group 6 Byte 88 Error Code Description 0 Temperature r...

Страница 69: ...s result The higher half byte and the lower half byte converted to a visible ASCII character is the checksum See the following example with the polling command Telegram STX H0C X1P 83 EOT 1 Compute the sum Sum STX H 0 C X 1 P 10 x EOT Sum 0x02 0x48 0x30 0x43 0x21 0x58 0x31 0x50 10 x 0x2D 0x04 Sum 0x037D HEX 893 DEZ 2 Building the two s complement The two s complement is built by inverting the bina...

Страница 70: ...ted This message is volatile The manual message command is behind the password advanced Below is an example of a manual message CEILO advanced Service password accepted CEILO set message manual_msg 30 00200 01000 05000 000000000000 OK The get params message command displays the current manual message To return to the normal messages give an empty string CEILO set meesage manual_msg OK The manual m...

Страница 71: ...essage use one of the following identifiers 11 12 13 14 or 15 Data message No 2 is requested similarly 21 22 23 24 or 25 ENTER Carriage Return Line Feed The following are examples of the polling command Enq CL112 Enter Message 1 subclass 2 from ceilometer No 1 Enq CT11 Enter CT25K Message 1 from ceilometer No 1 NOTE If the id character in a polling string is replaced with a blank space all ceilome...

Страница 72: ..._________________________________________________ M210482EN B Byte Example Description this case 1 7 17 P Command indicator P polling byte 8 17 not used and filled with 18 19 83 Checksum Hex coded two s complement of the sum of bytes from 0 to 20 excluding bytes 18 and 19 20 EOT 04 Hex End of transmission ...

Страница 73: ...e operating principle of Ceilometer CL31 is based on the measurement of the time needed for a short pulse of light to traverse the atmosphere from the transmitter of the ceilometer to a backscattering cloud base and back to the receiver of the ceilometer With the speed of light being c 2 99 x 108 m s 186 000 miles per second A reflection from 25000 ft will be seen by the receiver after t 50 9 µs T...

Страница 74: ...ssary compensation up to a limit In its normal full range operation Ceilometer CL31 digitally samples the return signal every 33 or 67 ms from 0 to 50 µs providing a spatial resolution of 5 or 10 m feet from ground to the distance of 25000 feet This resolution is adequate for measuring the atmosphere since visibility in the densest clouds is of the same order Noise Cancellation For safety and econ...

Страница 75: ...attenuation of transmitted and backscattered power by extinction at various distances z between transceiver and distance in question z The expression equals 1 in clear atmosphere i e with no attenuation Height Normalization Assuming a clear atmosphere it can be seen that the power is inversely proportional to the square of the distance or height that is the strength of a signal from 10000 ft is ge...

Страница 76: ...uals daylight horizontal visibility then σ 3 V where σ The extinction coefficient V MOR visibility 5 contrast The constant of proportionality k also called the Lidar Ratio has been subjected to a lot of research Although the Lidar Equation can be solved without knowing its value it must remain constant with the height if accurate estimates of the extinction or visibility profile are to be made It ...

Страница 77: ...ion coefficient profile through a mathematical computation This is also called inverting the backscatter profile to obtain the extinction coefficient profile and answers the question of what kind of extinction coefficient profile would produce the backscatter profile measured No assumption as to the absolute value of the ratio k needs to be made if k is constant with height The assumptions that ha...

Страница 78: ...2EN B Ceilometer CL31 uses a contrast threshold value which through many tests has been found to give vertical visibility values closest to those reported by ground based human observers A safety margin is obtained with regard to pilots looking down in the same conditions since the contrast objects especially runway lights are much more distinct on the ground ...

Страница 79: ...essage on page 52 Proper function of the window blower the only mechanically moving part automatically checked once an hour Malfunction is reported in the data and status messages Alarms and Warnings The data message has to be checked for alarms and warnings at regular intervals The second character of line two contains warning and alarm information indicating the present status of the device as f...

Страница 80: ... Remember to keep the enclosure door closed 2 Then clean the window with a soft lint free cloth moistened with a mild detergent Be careful not to scratch the window surface While cleaning the window you can also check the operation of the window blower Unless it is already running the blower should start when you block the laser beam with the cleaning cloth for some 5 seconds or more This will ver...

Страница 81: ...ectromagnetic radiation When the door is opened check that the gasket and the opposite contact surface is clean Use a wet cloth for cleaning if necessary Battery Check Check the battery condition annually If any signs of aging such as a bulging battery case white powder or residue near the battery vent leaking electrolyte or corroded terminals is observed replace the battery Lead acid batteries ma...

Страница 82: ...N B Storage Have caps on all external connectors if stored unpacked for extended times in an unconditioned area Keep the measurement unit door closed and also keep a dust cover on the window during long periods of storage Save the container for future transport use When replacing the equipment must be placed and padded in the same way as when initially received ...

Страница 83: ...conditions or the following replaceable subassemblies may be the source of problems CLE311 Ceilometer Engine Board CLT311 Ceilometer Transmitter CLR311 Ceilometer Receiver CLM311 Laser Monitor Board CLP311 AC Power CLB311 115 230 Blower CLH311 115 230 Heater DRW217429 Coaxial cable 4592 Battery If damage is suspected in a subassembly or a board replace it with a spare part and send the defective p...

Страница 84: ...ath Equipment To establish a service connection to the CL31 you need to have a maintenance terminal which can be a palmtop computer with an RS 232 Interface or a PC with serial interface Maintenance cable QMZ101 and any terminal program The CT VIEW software can be used for this purpose Also if you perform the operation check indoors you need to have an Optical Termination Hood CLTERMHOOD which abs...

Страница 85: ...three minutes during which the blower is running The automatic check also verifies the functioning of the blower heater The result of this check is available three minutes after starting the unit and it is indicated by the CLB ok LED It is also displayed in the status message 6 The status message can be obtained by typing the open command and pressing ENTER on the maintenance terminal PC keyboard ...

Страница 86: ...target such as a wall or a forest front NOTE The minimum distance to a hard target should be 300 meters 1000 ft The backscatter signal from a hard target is very strong compared to the signal from a cloud The receiver may saturate if the distance is too short CAUTION When tilting the unit make sure that nobody is watching it with binoculars or other magnifying optics Disable the automatic angle co...

Страница 87: ...k that the window blower circuit breaker is ON Line voltage level is not correct Check that the line voltage is present and correct Blower is stuck Check if visible obstacles disable blower operation Blower is damaged Replace the blower Humidity sensor failure warning option Humidity sensor is not connected Connect the humidity sensor or disable the option in the software Humidity sensor is damage...

Страница 88: ...place CLR311 Loose cable connection Check that the cables from Receiver CLR311 and Ceilometer Optics CLO31 are undamaged and correctly connected Receiver test not operating Check that the Optics unit CLO31 is not misplaced or damaged Voltage failure alarm Ceilometer Engine Board CLE311 is damaged Replace CLE311 Alignment failure alarm Optics alignment is faulty Contact Vaisala Helpdesk and send th...

Страница 89: ... number of bits parity etc Wrong data port Open the terminal program and first give open command and then the get params message command Check that the PORT is set to DATA Operation mode is standby Open the terminal program and first give the open command and then the status command Check that the OPERATION MODE is NORMAL Cloud detection is missing Alarm or warning in the data message Open the ter...

Страница 90: ...rvice Centers NORTH AMERICAN SERVICE CENTER Vaisala Inc 100 Commerce Way Woburn MA 01801 1068 USA Phone 1 781 933 4500 Fax 1 781 933 8029 Email us customersupport vaisala com EUROPEAN SERVICE CENTER Vaisala Instruments Service Vanha Nurmijärventie 21 FIN 01670 Vantaa FINLAND Phone 358 9 8949 2758 Fax 358 9 8949 2295 Email instruments service vaisala com ASIAN SERVICE CENTER Vaisala KK 42 Kagurazak...

Страница 91: ...t To replace Ceilometer Window Assembly CLW311 you will need a 2 5 mm Allen key and a screwdriver Then proceed as follows 1 Open the measurement unit door with the special key provided with the unit Then switch the power off with all three switches F1 F2 and Battery For the location of the switches refer to Figure 18 on page 98 and Figure 19 on page 99 WARNING Disconnect the CT3839 power cable bef...

Страница 92: ...m then the one on the left and the one on the right Tighten the remaining eight screws in a clockwise order in such a way that you first tighten one screw and then the one opposite to this then the one next to the first screw and so forth After tightening these eight screws you should retighten the first four screws NOTE Remember to use a thread locking compound to the window screws before final t...

Страница 93: ...be performed by qualified maintenance personnel The transmitter should be replaced if the ceilometer unit has been generating warnings and alarms and a malfunction with the operation of the transmitter has been detected To replace Ceilometer Laser Transmitter CLT311 you will need a 2 5 mm Allen key Then proceed as follows 1 Open the measurement unit door and confirm that there is an active transmi...

Страница 94: ...9 on page 99 The ceilometer unit should now return to normal operation Verify that the unit is working properly and that there are no other failures with the system If other failures exist separate troubleshooting may be necessary Replacing Ceilometer Receiver CLR311 CAUTION Servicing the equipment must only be performed by qualified maintenance personnel The receiver should be replaced if the cei...

Страница 95: ...ce the new receiver to its place and tighten the receiver ring in such a way that the labels of the receiver face the left wall of the enclosure 6 Connect the receiver ribbon cable to the CLE311 board Also connect the coaxial cable to the receiver 7 Connect the CT3839 power cable 8 Switch the power on with all three switches Wait until the Laser on LED starts blinking at 2 second intervals Ensure ...

Страница 96: ...____________________________ M210482EN B 0406 056 Figure 17 CL31 The following numbers refer to Figure 17 on page 96 1 Internal heater CLH311 2 Ceilometer Receiver CLR311 3 Coaxial cable 4 Receiver ribbon 5 Main circuit breaker F1 6 Ceilometer engine board CLE111 7 Data line connector 8 Optics unit CLO311 9 Transmitter ribbon ...

Страница 97: ...______________Repair VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 97 The following numbers refer to Figure 17 on page 96 10 AC power cables 11 Ceilometer transmitter CLT311 12 No break battery 4592 13 Window blower circuit breaker ...

Страница 98: ...ide ______________________________________________________________________ 98 __________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B 0311 057 Figure 18 Main Components of Ceilometer CL31 ...

Страница 99: ...re 18 on page 98 1 Internal heater CLH311 2 Ceilometer optics CLO311 3 Ceilometer Receiver CLR311 4 Receiver ring 5 Transmitter ring 6 Ceilometer Transmitter CLT311 7 F1 Main circuit breaker F2 Window blower circuit breaker 8 Ceilometer engine board CLE311 see Figure 19 below 9 Laser monitor board CLM311 10 No break battery 4592 11 AC power unit CLP311 0311 059 Figure 19 Ceilometer Engine Board CL...

Страница 100: ... with all three switches F1 F2 and Battery For the location of the switches refer to Figure 18 on page 98 and Figure 19 on page 99 WARNING Disconnect the CT3839 power cable before continuing 3 Detach the transmitter ribbon cable the receiver ribbon cable and the coaxial cable from Ceilometer Engine Board CLE311 4 Memorize the position of the data line connector RS 232 RS 485 Modem in front of the ...

Страница 101: ...perly and that there are no other failures with the system If other failures exist separate troubleshooting may be necessary Replacing No break Battery 4592 CAUTION Servicing the equipment must only be performed by qualified maintenance personnel The no break battery should be replaced when it is damaged or can otherwise no longer be recharged To replace the no break battery you will need a crossh...

Страница 102: ... test Refer to Figure 19 on page 99 The ceilometer unit should now return to normal operation Verify that the unit is working properly and that there are no other failures with the system If other failures exist separate troubleshooting may be necessary Replacing AC Power CLP311 CAUTION Servicing the equipment must only be performed by qualified maintenance personnel AC Power CLP311 should be repl...

Страница 103: ...t the AC power unit from the ceilometer measurement unit 7 Put the new AC power unit in place of the old one and connect the AC power cable Tighten the six attachment screws back to their places 8 Attach the data line connector again 9 Put the no break battery cage back to its place and tighten the three screws 10 Replace the no break battery as you removed it Refer to steps 6 to 8 in section Repl...

Страница 104: ...e 19 on page 99 2 Switch the power off with all three switches F1 F2 and Battery For the location of the switches refer to Figure 18 on page 98 and Figure 19 on page 99 WARNING Disconnect the CT3839 power cable before continuing 3 As the blower is attached to the shield of the ceilometer you will first have to remove the measurement unit from the shield to get to the blower To remove the measureme...

Страница 105: ...sonnel NOTE Ceilometer Optics CLO311 is recommended to be replaced indoors To replace Ceilometer Optics CLO311 you will need a 3 mm Allen key Then proceed as follows 1 Open the measurement unit door and switch the power off with all three switches F1 F2 and Battery For the location of the switches refer to Figure 18 on page 98 and Figure 19 on page 99 WARNING Disconnect the CT3839 power cable befo...

Страница 106: ...their place on the upper left corner of the optics holder Tighten the four screws of the optics holder 8 Reconnect the battery transmitter receiver laser monitor board and data cables to the CLE311 board 9 Reattach the measurement unit by placing it inside the shield reconnecting the blower cable to connector J1 and tightening the three attachment screws 10 Connect the CT3839 power cable 11 Switch...

Страница 107: ...ent unit door and confirm that there is an active internal heater failure In case of an internal heater failure the CLH ok LED will be turned off Refer to Figure 19 on page 99 2 Switch the power off with all three switches F1 F2 and battery For the location of the switches refer to Figure 18 on page 98 and Figure 19 on page 99 WARNING Disconnect the CT3839 power cable before continuing 3 Close the...

Страница 108: ...o cables get stuck between the optics tube and other ceilometer components 10 Snap the internal heater connector to its place 11 Place the optics holder to its place setting the internal heater cables to their place on the upper left corner of the optics holder Tighten the three screws of the optics holder 12 Reattach the metal plate protecting the internal heater by tightening its two screws 13 R...

Страница 109: ...19 on page 99 WARNING Disconnect the CT3839 power cable before continuing 2 Close the door and remove the measurement unit To do this loosen the three attachment screws marked A in Figure 5 on page 23 on the back of the measurement unit disconnect the blower cable from connector J1 see Figure 7 on page 25 and pull out the unit 3 The internal cable set is attached to the back wall of the measuremen...

Страница 110: ..._________________ 110 _________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B 0408 020 Figure 20 Grounding Wires of the Internal Cable Set top view The following numbers refer to Figure 20 above 1 Grounding screw 2 Grounding tie 3 Grounding guide ...

Страница 111: ...elow 0408 021 Figure 21 Internal Heater Wiring and Connector at the Left of the Optics Frame The following numbers refer to Figure 21 above 1 Internal heater connector 6 Disconnect the two mains filters from the optics frame See number 2 in Figure 22 on page 112 7 Disconnect the connector terminal from the body of the optics frame See number 3 in Figure 22 on page 112 8 Take out the cable set with...

Страница 112: ... Figure 22 Optics Frame with Cable Set The following numbers refer to Figure 22 above 1 Cable set 2 Mains filters 3 Cable set connector and attachment screw 9 Connect the new mains filter to the wiring harness as shown in Figure 23 below 0406 067 Figure 23 Connecting Mains Filters to the Cable Set The asterisks in Figure 23 above are explained below 1 7 2 No Connect 3 5 4 8 ...

Страница 113: ...oard CLE311 15 Attach the connector of the electric harness to the CLP311 unit Replace the enclosure to its place Reconnect the data and blower cables Reconnect the CT3839 power cable 16 Switch the power on with all three switches Wait until the Laser on LED starts blinking at 2 second intervals Make sure that all six diagnostic LEDs are lit Refer to Figure 19 on page 99 Replacing Laser Monitor Bo...

Страница 114: ...CLM311 use the standard value 100 7 Replace the new board and tighten the Allen screws 8 Attach the twisted pair cable to the CLE311 board at the CLM311 connector 9 Tighten the transmitter CLT311 back to its place and reconnect the cable to CLE311 10 Connect the CT3839 power cable and the maintenance terminal to CL31 11 Switch the power on with all three switches Wait until the Laser on LED starts...

Страница 115: ...ersonnel Always replace the modem module indoors To replace Modem Module DMX501 you will need a screwdriver Then proceed as follows 1 Open the front door of the ceilometer enclosure and switch the power off with all three switches F1 F2 and battery For the location of the switches refer to Figure 18 on page 98 and Figure 19 on page 99 WARNING Disconnect the CT3839 power cable before continuing 2 A...

Страница 116: ...gently to the CLE111 board 6 Put the CLE311 board back the same way as you removed it For more details refer to steps 6 to 9 in section Replacing Ceilometer Engine Board CLE311 on page 100 7 Connect the CT3839 power cable 8 Switch the power on with all three switches Wait until the Laser on LED starts blinking at 2 second intervals Make sure that all six diagnostic LEDs light up after the self tes...

Страница 117: ...section describes the different technical specifications of Vaisala Ceilometer CL31 Mechanical Specifications Table 21 Ceilometer CL31 Mechanical Specifications Property Description Value Dimensions Measurement unit 620 235 200 mm 24 9 1 4 8 1 4 in Height with shield 1190 mm 47 1 4 in Weight Measurement unit 12 kg 26 5 lb Shield and blower 18 5 kg 41 lb Plywood transport container Container size 1...

Страница 118: ... Value At nominal line voltage 115 V or 230 V Power consumption typical Total 310 W Measurement unit 15 W Internal heater 100 W Window conditioner heater 175 W Window blower 20 W Frequency 45 65 Hz Power connector J2 Type Binder series 693 09 4223 00 04 4 pin male Mating connector type Type Binder series 693 99 4222 70 04 female elbow No break power supply 12 V Sealed Lead Acid Battery 2 Ah Overvo...

Страница 119: ...available with modem DMX501 Max distance to operate 300m 1000 ft with RS 232 1 2 km 4000 ft with RS 485 all at 2400 bps with typical communication cables 16 km 10 mi with Modem Standard character frame 1 Start Bit 8 Data Bits No Parity 1 Stop Bit Standard character code USASCII Pin connections 1 RS485 RTS no SW support 2 RS485 RS 232 RxD Modem Lead A 3 Modem Lead B RS 232 TxD 4 Signal Ground 5 CTS...

Страница 120: ...e 5 pin M12 connector e g Lumberg RKF 5 0 5 M Mating connector type Male five 5 pin M12 connector e g Lumberg RST 5 644 Baud rate 9600 default and standard 300 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 bps available Distance to operate 300 m 1000 ft at 2400 baud with typical communication cables Standard character frame 1 Start Bit 8 Data Bits No Parity 1 Stop Bit Standard character code USASCII Pin connec...

Страница 121: ...y 2 Line interface Matched to 600 Ω Transmitter Specifications Table 27 Transmitter Specifications Property Description Value Laser source Indium Gallium Arsenide InGaAs Diode Laser Center wavelength 910 10 nm at 25 C 77 F Operating Mode Pulsed Nominal pulse properties at full range measurement Energy 1 2 µWs 20 factory adjustment Peak power 11 W typical Width 50 110 ns typical Repetition rate 10 ...

Страница 122: ...ty at 913 nm 80 typical Field of view divergence 0 83 mrad Optical System Specifications Table 29 Optical System Specifications Property Description Value Optics System Focal Length 300 mm 11 8 in Effective lens diameter 96 mm 3 8 in Lens transmittance 96 typical Window transmittance 97 typical clean Performance Specifications Table 30 Performance Specifications Property Description Value Measurem...

Страница 123: ...__________________________________________________________ 123 Environmental Conditions Specifications Table 31 Environmental Conditions Specifications Property Description Value Ambient temperature 40 60 C 55 60 optional Humidity to 100 RH Wind to 100 kt 50 m s Vibration 5 13 2 Hz 1 0 mm 13 2 100 Hz 0 7 g ...

Страница 124: ...User s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 124 _________________________________________________________________ M210482EN B This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 125: ...35 Character code 119 CLOSE command 38 Contrast threshold 77 CT VIEW 84 D Data messages 44 CL31 Status message 52 CT25K data message No 1 60 CT25K data message No 6 62 CT25KAM data message No 60 64 CT25KAM data message No 61 64 Detector 122 DMX501 modem 121 Door gasket check 81 E Electrostatic discharge 11 Environmental conditions 123 ESD 11 External connections 25 External connector J1 118 Extern...

Страница 126: ...0 Polling string 71 Polling string format 44 Power consumption 118 Principle of operation 73 Product nomenclature 15 Pulse properties 121 R Receiver 122 Receiver CLR311 Specifications 122 Repetition rate 121 Resolution 74 122 Return signal strength 75 S SCALE 50 Serial lines 37 CLOSED 38 DATA 37 MAINTENANCE 37 OPEN 38 Service connection 84 SET command 35 Shock absorber 15 STATUS command 52 Storage...

Страница 127: ...______________________________________________________________________INDEX VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 127 Wavelength 121 Wedge bolts 22 Window cleaning 80 ...

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