Teknic EF-785, Руководство по установке

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A
PPENDIX
A: M
EETING THE
EU M
ACHINERY
D
IRECTIVE FOR
CE
COMPLIANCE
W
HAT IS THE
M
ACHINERY
D
IRECTIVE
(A
ND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT EVEN OUTSIDE OF
THE
EU)
All machinery with mechanical hazards that is to be sold to the European
Union must meet the requirements of the CE Machinery Directive
(Directive 98/37/EC). The CE Machinery Directive is similar to (and in
most cases a superset of) the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) machine specific standards for safety, (e.g. ANSI B11.19-1990
“Machine Tools, Safeguarding”). In the U.S., the Occupational Safety &
Health Administration (OSHA) states: “OSHA encourages employers to
abide by the more current industry consensus standards [such as the CE
Machinery Directive] since those standards are more likely to be abreast
of the state of the art than an applicable OSHA standard may be.”
Further, several industry groups reference the CE Machinery
Directive and specifically the safety control system standard: EN 954-1
“Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems…” in their
machine safety standards. (For example, the Semiconductor industries
consortium (SEMI) calls out EN 954-1 as a normative reference in their
S2 safety standard “Facility Standards & Safety Guidelines for
Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment”). Most Asian countries either
recognize the CE mark as sufficient, or have drafted safety standards that
strongly reflect (and in some instances mimic) the CE Machinery
Directive and the supporting EN standards.
In short, the CE Machinery Directive and the EN standards that
support it have become the de-facto world standard suite for machinery
safety because, as standards go, these are well thought out,
comprehensive and conservative.
Even if you don’t intend to sell equipment in Europe, meeting the CE
Machinery Directive requirements is a well understood way to keep the
machine operators safe. (and may put your company in a more legally
defensible position against lawsuits resulting from machine misuse).
Because of its comprehensive, conservative nature, meeting the CE
Machinery Directive is surprisingly complicated. First, the mechanical
hazards must be evaluated to understand what level of safety control
system is necessary using EN 1050 “Safety of machinery. Principles for
risk assessment”. The result of the EN 1050 risk assessment then dictates
the level of fault tolerance and monitoring required in the safety control
system as outlined in EN 954-1. To simplify the discussions in this
manual, we have assumed that we are working with a typical servo motor
or high power stepper motor driven machine. In nearly all of these
machines there is a likelihood of significant irreversible bodily injury or
death caused by moving mechanics (basically, this is defined as anything
more severe than a bruise or sprain). This then requires that the safety
control system meet EN 945-1 Level 2 or 3 combined with requirements
on guarding the hazards. (Under certain instances, if the risk is high
enough and the frequency of exposure is also high, Level 4 may be
required, but this is not very common.) Once you have determined what
level of safety control system you require, then EN 954-1 dictates what
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