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Ionics Instruments 

2004 

Page 5-5 

DLM 30007-08 Rev. A 

To capture the data via the RS-232 port, you will need a dedicated PC and a 
serial port communications program (e.g., ProComm Plus, Delrina 
Technology, CrossTalk Communications, or Hyperterminal). 
 
For long distance connections (up to 1000 feet, 305 meters), an RS-485 cable 
is recommended.  Because of a specific electronic format of the analyzer, a 
jumper box and a converter are required for the installation of an RS-485.  
Install the components according to Figure 5-4. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 

FIGURE 5-4: Setup For RS-485 Installation 

Equipment such as RS-232 to RS-485 converters manufactured by B&B 
Electronics can be used for installation.  Once installed in this configuration, 
RS-485 will convert data the same as described for RS-232. 

 

Serial Commands 

 

NOTE 

Sending commands to the instrument via the RS-232 port requires a password.  
Refer to the DataGuard chapter for more information regarding the DataGuard 
feature. 

 

Null Modem Adapter

RS-232/RS-485 Converter

RS-485 Cable

RS 232-RS485 

Analyzer 

Содержание TOC 800

Страница 1: ... TOC Firmware Versions 3 62 CAS with DataGuard and with or without DataPro Autosampler Software or TOC Firmware Versions 3 15 CMS or TOC Firmware Versions 2 12 CTB Turbo or TOC Firmware Version 2 11 CBI Instrument Business Group 6060 Spine Road Boulder CO 80301 USA phone 800 255 6964 303 444 2009 fax 303 444 9543 DLM 30007 08 Rev A www IonicsInstruments com Printed in USA 2004 ...

Страница 2: ...Record the instrument s serial number as it appears on the identification label located on the left side panel of the instrument Instrument s serial number Record the date of receipt and installation of the instrument this is the warranty start date Date of receipt installation of the instrument ______________ ...

Страница 3: ...ion G Firmware Version 3 06 AS or MS and updates RAM Card PC Software Version 3 08RC and updates Autosampler PC Software Version 3 07PC and updates August 1995 Revision H Appendices B and C updates March 1996 Revision J Appendices B and C updates January 1997 DLM 30007 01 Rev A TUV rating Firmware 3 13CAS 3 12CMS 2 0CTB 3 11PRA July 1998 DLM 30007 02 Rev A Year 2000 Readiness January 1999 DLM 3000...

Страница 4: ...is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Lotus 1 2 3 is a registered trademark of IBM Lotus Corporation The analyzer described in this manual is covered by one or more patents issued to and owned or pending by Ionics Instrument Business Group Confidentiality The information contained in this manual may be confidential and proprietary and is the property of Ionics Instrument Business Grou...

Страница 5: ...nted repair component into an instrument extend the whole instrument s warranty beyond its original term Consumables e g dilution standards verification solutions reagents and UV lamps etc are warranted to the extent of their stated shelf life provided these items are maintained within the stated environmental limitations Warranty claims for consumables reagents and verification standards are limi...

Страница 6: ...Ionics Instruments 2004 Page v DLM 30007 08 Rev A Declaration of Conformity ...

Страница 7: ...h 1 5 Warnings Italiano 1 6 Warnings Dutch 1 7 2 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 2 2 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 3 1 Sample Inlet Systems and Sample Pump 3 3 On Line Sampling from Pressurized Source 3 3 Grab Sampling 3 3 Calibration Valve 3 4 Chemical Reagent Reservoirs 3 4 Chemical Reagent Syringe Pumps 3 5 Stream Splitter 3 5 Oxidation Reactor 3 6 CO2 Sensors 3 6 DI Water Loop 3 7 Membrane Module 3 7 Conductivit...

Страница 8: ...g Sample Port 4 3 Plumbing 4 4 Installing On Line Sample Inlet System 4 4 Installing Grab Sample Inlet System 4 5 Electrical 4 8 Installing the Recorder Alarm and Printer Cables Wiring 4 8 Recorder and Alarm Outputs 4 9 Printer Cable 4 11 Installing Reagent Cartridges 4 11 Selecting the Sample Mode 4 14 Entering the Date and Time 4 17 Enter the Installation Dates for Reagents 4 17 Oxidizer Reagent...

Страница 9: ...ing the Sample Mode to Grab Sampling 6 16 Changing from On line to Grab Sampling 6 17 Setting Up the Grab Sample Mode 6 17 Running Grab Samples 6 22 Changing to or Returning to On line Measurements 6 24 Changing the Password 6 26 Disabling Password Protection 6 29 Service Menu 6 29 7 DATAGUARD OPERATION 7 1 Menu Map 7 2 Main Menu 7 3 RunTime Menu 7 3 Stop TOC Option 7 4 Setup 7 5 Admin 7 6 Passwor...

Страница 10: ...4 Printing the Error Stack 10 9 No Power to the Analyzer 10 2 No Flow Through the Analyzer 10 3 On line Sampling 10 4 Grab Sampling 10 4 pH Of Sample Stream Is Too High 10 5 Measure the pH non deionized water only 10 5 Oxidizer Flow Rate Too High 10 6 Oxidizer Flow Rate Too Low 10 6 DI Reservoir Too Low 10 7 Gas Bubbles in Reagent Lines or Syringes 10 7 Negative or Zero TOC Measurements 10 8 Diagn...

Страница 11: ...rbo Mode IC Channel Calibration C 8 Alarm Settings C 9 Accuracy Specifications C 9 APPENDIX D BINARY INPUT MODULE FLOW SWITCH D 1 Mechanical Installation D 2 Firmware Installation D 4 Replacing the EEPROM Chip IC chip D 4 Replacing the IC Chip from an Zero Insertion Force type Socket D 4 Replacing the IC Chip from a Low Profile type Socket D 6 Software Configuration D 8 APPENDIX E CALIBRATION STAN...

Страница 12: ...w Rates 4 23 Table 3 Preset Acid and Oxidizer Flow Rates 4 24 Table 4 RS 232 Data Output Format 5 3 Table 5 Operating Messages 6 6 Table 6 User IDs 7 7 Table 7 RS 232 Audit Trail Output Format 7 16 Table 8 Replacement Maintenance Schedule 8 1 Table 9 Available RAM Cards and Storage Capacity 8 2 Table 10 Warnings and Error Messages 10 3 ...

Страница 13: ...on of Volatile Electrolytes U S Patent No 4 209 299 licensed by Ionics Instruments For each TOC measurement the concentration of inorganic carbon species CO2 HCO3 and CO3 2 is determined and after oxidation of the organic compounds the total carbon content of the sample is measured The concentration of the organic compounds is then calculated from the difference between total carbon and total inor...

Страница 14: ...er should refer to the manual for operating instructions WARNING This is a Safety Class I product It must be wired to a mains supply with a protective earthing ground incorporated into the power cord Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the equipment is likely to make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited WARNING If this instrument is used in a m...

Страница 15: ...ca que el usuario debería referirse al manual para instrucciones de funcionamiento ATENCION Esto es un producto con clase I de seguridad Debe conectarse a una red que disponga de tierra protectora en el cable de red Cualquier interrupción del conductor protector dentro o fuera del equipo puede ser peligroso Se prohibe la interrupción intencionada ATENCION Si este instrumento se usa de una forma no...

Страница 16: ...ter le manuel d instructions ATTENTION Ceci est un produit de Classe de sécurité I L instrument doit être branché sur l alimentation secteur par un fil de secteur prévu d une prise de masse Chaque interruption du conducteur protégeant à l intérieur ou á l extérieur de l appareil peut rendre l instrument dangereux Interruption intentionnelle est interdite ATTENTION Si l instrument n est pas utilisé...

Страница 17: ...t ein Gerät der Sicherheitsklasse I und darf nur mit einem Netzkabel mit Schutzleiter betrieben werden Jede Unterbrechung des Schutzleiters auβerhalb oder innerhalb des Gerätes kann das Gerät elektrisch gefährlich machen Absichtliches Unterbrechen des Schutzleiters ist ausdrücklich verboten WARNHINWEIS Wenn das Gerät nicht wie durch die Firma Ionics Instruments Business Group USA vorgeschrieben un...

Страница 18: ...te l utilizzatore di consultare il Manuale di Istruzioni alla sezione specifica ATTENZIONE Questo strumento è conforme alle specifiche per I prodotti in Classe I Il cavo di alimentazione dalla rete deve essere munito di terra Qualsiasi interruzione del cavo di terra all interno ed all esterno dello strumento potrebbe risultare pericolòsa Sono proibite interruzioni intenzionali ATTENZIONE Se questo...

Страница 19: ...n dat de gebruiker de instructies in de handleiding moet raadplegen OPGELET Dit is een produkt van veiligheidsklasse I Het toestel moet aangesloten worden op het net via een geaard netsnoer Bij onderbreking van de beschermende geleider aan de binnenzijde of aan de buitenzijde van het toestel kan gebruik het toestel gevaarlijk maken Opzettelijke onderbreking is verboden OPGELET Indien het toestel n...

Страница 20: ...perly Consult your state and local regulations WARNING Do not adjust the pressure regulator on the sample inlet system The pressure is preset to 5 psi Changing the inlet pressure can damage the analyzer and void the warranty Do not let the inlet pressure exceed 5 psi WARNING Always stop TOC measurements before turning off or unplugging the instrument Turning off the instrument while it is writing ...

Страница 21: ...r local area Dispose of the UV lamp in accordance with Federal state or local government regulations WARNING Installation of the UV lamp requires access to the inside of the instrument To avoid potentially dangerous shock disconnect the power cord before opening the instrument s top panel WARNING Should the UV lamp become broken or damaged it should be handled in accordance with your organization ...

Страница 22: ...Ionics Instruments 2004 Page 1 1 DLM 30007 08 Rev A ...

Страница 23: ...ple Temperature 1 to 100 C Ambient Temperature 10 to 40 C Sample Pressure Up to 100 psi Sample Flow Rate 30 to 220 mL min Internal Sample Flow Rate 0 35mL minute Maximum Relative Humidity 80 at 31 C 50 at 40 C Maximum Altitude up to 3 048m Calibration Stability Typically stable for 12 months Chemical Reagents Prepackaged 3 month supply Outputs 0 10 V and 4 20 mA RS 232 parallel printer port alarms...

Страница 24: ...Ionics Instruments 2004 Page 2 2 DLM 30007 08 Rev A Installation Overvoltage Category II Pollution Degree II Display Back lit 3 significant digits Size 57 cm x 37 cm x 15 cm Weight 13 6 kg ...

Страница 25: ...em and sample pump Chemical reagent reservoirs Chemical reagent syringe pumps Stream splitter Oxidation reactor CO2 sensors consisting of Deionized water loop Membrane module Conductivity and temperature measurement cell Microprocessor controller and electronics On board data storage Data outputs Figure 3 1 shows a generalized schematic of the analyzer ...

Страница 26: ...REACTOR LAMP POWER SUPPLY DELAY COIL TOTAL CARBON CO SENSOR TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON CO SENSOR 2 2 SOLENOID VALVE TEMPERATURE CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR ACID SYRINGE PUMP SAMPLE INLET WASTE PRESSURE REGULATOR ACID RESERVOIR IN LINE FILTER PEROXYDISULFATE RESERVOIR MEMBRANE MODULE WASTE DI WATER FILL PORT FIGURE 3 1 Analyzer Schematic A brief description of the major components of the analyzer follows ...

Страница 27: ...psig 5 psig at 25 C Water is drawn into the analyzer by a sample pump at a flow rate of approximately 0 35 mL min A pressure 5 psig will be indicated by the gauge for water samples at temperatures 25 C lower pressure for water 25 C The inlet system can also be used for water samples at pressures below 5 psig as long as the flow through the inlet system is at least 30 mL min For most applications t...

Страница 28: ...ny tubing The valve does not contaminate the sample even for low level TOC measurements To waste bottle Remove on line waste line Figure 3 2 View of Calibration Valve Chemical Reagent Reservoirs Two chemical reagents are used in the analyzer 6M phosphoric acid H3PO4 and 15 ammonium persulfate NH4 2S2O8 A supply of these reagents for approximately three months of continuous operation is stored in s...

Страница 29: ...olled syringe pumps The capacity of each syringe is 0 5 mL Typically phosphoric acid is added at a flow rate of 0 2 1 5 µL minute dependent upon initial sample pH and TOC concentration to reduce the pH of the sample stream to pH 2 For water samples containing up to 5ppm TOC 0 75µL min is a suitable flow rate for persulfate oxidizer For samples containing higher levels of TOC up to 50 ppm the oxidi...

Страница 30: ...hen low levels of organic compounds 1 ppm are present in the sample complete oxidation can usually be achieved by hydroxyl radicals produced from the photolysis of water without the addition of persulfate The lifetime of the UV lamp is approximately 6 months of operation and a warning message will indicate when it is time to replace the lamp CO2 Sensors Two membrane based conductometric CO2 sensor...

Страница 31: ...onsists of a gas permeable membrane that separates the spiral flow channel containing the sample stream from a matching channel containing deionized water The membrane is permeable to CO2 and other gases but impermeable to ions and organic compounds The sample stream flows continuously through the membrane module while a solenoid valve controls the flow of DI water through the membrane module Cond...

Страница 32: ...l the analyzer s firmware notifies the user that it is overwriting data Larger capacity RAM cards are available up to 2048K or 400 days and new RAM cards can be installed if archiving data on the cards Please note these RAM cards are battery operated when the battery is depleted the stored data will be lost The battery is not depleted when the RAM card is in an operating TOC analyzer When the card...

Страница 33: ...are converted to carbonic acid H2CO3 which readily dissociates to aqueous carbon dioxide CO2 aq and water Carbon dioxide in the sample stream diffuses across the membrane into the deionized water chamber and ionizes to form bicarbonate HCO3 and hydronium ions H3O After 5 minutes the concentration of CO2 aq in the deionized water approaches equilibrium with the concentration of CO2 aq in the flowin...

Страница 34: ... reaction of bicarbonate and carbonate with acid is removed from the sample stream by the vacuum The sample is then directed by the stream splitter for measurement of IC and TC Approximately 99 of the IC is removed at concentrations up to 25 ppm The activated carbon soda lime trap prevents contamination of the sample stream from organic compounds and CO2 in the atmosphere Typically if the TOC is 1...

Страница 35: ...to review and print the results from previous analyses Watch the Message Area for status information while running the program and the analyzer Multistream A single analyzer can be used to measure different water streams using the Multi stream Sample Inlet System The system consists of a programmable stream sampler for 4 sample streams and TOC analyzer firmware for controlling the sampler and reag...

Страница 36: ... 90 of final value in 3 5 minutes Results are reported every 3 to 4 seconds Flow Switch and Binary Input Module For on line applications that experience intermittent water flow the Flow Switch along with the Binary Input Module allow the analyzer to be turned on and off when water flow starts and stops Ionics Instruments has tested the flow switch for functionality and ease of installation Flow Sw...

Страница 37: ...e analyzer in low or high temperature environments It is the same design as the Protective Enclosure with the addition of a heating cooling system to maintain the optimal operation temperature for the analyzer Front Panel Displays and Controls Operate the analyzer using the front panel display and the four buttons as shown below ENT R CLEA 800 Portable Total Organic Carbon Analyzer HISTORY SETUP E...

Страница 38: ...E and a blank or space starts with zero 0 and scrolls up through numbers starts with the exponent E and scrolls down through the options The highlighted text or number indicates the position of the cursor in the menu Use ENTER to switch to the selected menu and to store inputs Use CLEAR to return to the previous menu and to clear incorrect entries The Operations chapter contains a more complete gu...

Страница 39: ...urn shipment WARNING Hazardous chemical reagents ammonium persulfate and phosphoric acid are used in the analyzer Before installing the reagents please read the Material Safety Data Sheets MSDS contained in a pouch on the top of the reagent shipping box for proper handling precautions and spill or leak procedures Unpacking and Inspecting Open the two shipping boxes and verify that they contain the...

Страница 40: ...ream etc has been ordered or shipped with the analyzer please refer to their respective documentation for packing lists unpacking instructions and installation procedures Collecting Additional Equipment In addition the following equipment will be needed to complete the installation see Appendix B for CE Mark Specifications a sampling port equipped with a shut off valve a Swagelok adapter with 1 4 ...

Страница 41: ...132 VAC 60 Hz grounded AC outlet For 100 VAC versions a standard 90 110 VAC 50 or 60 Hz grounded AC outlet is required See Appendix A for instructions on selecting the frequency setting for 100 VAC analyzers For 230 VAC versions of the analyzer a standard 210 250 VAC 50 Hz grounded AC outlet is required See Appendix B for instructions on verifying the frequency setting for 230 VAC analyzers Enviro...

Страница 42: ... pressure regulator WARNING Operation of the analyzer without the in line filter on the sample inlet line will damage the analyzer and void the warranty To avoid damaging the analyzer install the filter and replace as needed WARNING Do not adjust the pressure regulator on the sample inlet system The pressure has been preset to 5 psi and changing the inlet pressure can damage the analyzer and void ...

Страница 43: ...ource If experiencing less than 5 psi DO NOT ADJUST THE REGULATOR Water flows of less than 5psi are acceptable If experiencing a no flow condition contact Ionics Instruments The plumbing must be changed for sampling from containers or calibrating the analyzer WARNING The waste stream from the analyzer is acidic and must be disposed of according to local regulations Installing Grab Sample Inlet Sys...

Страница 44: ...lock NOTE There is no need to remove the tubing from the sample inlet block If the tubing must be removed loosen the nut from the inlet block and carefully remove the tubing A small ferrule is loosely held on the tubing and may come off when the tubing is removed from the inlet system This ferrule must be on the tube with the wide side of the ferrule facing into the inlet system when reinstalling ...

Страница 45: ...n the tubing will collapse and prevent flow 10 Connect the other 1 16 OD Teflon lines to the INLET bulkhead fitting and tighten finger tight Use a 1 4 wrench to secure the nut 1 8 of a turn past finger tight Do not overtighten the tubing will collapse and prevent flow 11 Place the Teflon tube from the OUTLET in a suitable waste container WARNING The waste stream from the analyzer is acidic and mus...

Страница 46: ...pin female connector and the 9 pin female is the RS 232 computer output FIGURE 4 3 TOC STANDARD RS 232 9 Pin D sub The 15 pin auxiliary port connector is used for the autosampler option See Appendix B for CE Mark Specifications The AUX AC connector carries the line voltage and is used to power accessories for the analyzer AUX AC TERMINAL STRIP Power ON OFF SWITCH ALARM 1 ALARM 2 4 20 mA V OUT PARA...

Страница 47: ...n this chapter The outputs of the terminal strip are in Table 1 Only one recorder output 4 20 mA 0 1 V or 0 10 V could be used at a time The output is calibrated and set for 4 20 mA when shipped The position of a jumper in the analyzer must be changed to select the 0 1 V recorder output The maximum load for the 4 20 mA port is 400 ohms and it has a 12 V loop supply with a compliance to 10 V The in...

Страница 48: ... used 8 4 20 mA Output 9 4 20 mA Output 10 Voltage Output 10 or 1 V 11 Voltage Output Ground 12 Not Used NC normally closed NO normally open Voltage range selected by jumper FIGURE 4 6 Typical 4 20 mA Output Wiring Diagram Turn off the main power to the analyzer before connecting the alarm and recorder outputs Connect the appropriate wires to the recorder or alarm and then connect the wires to the...

Страница 49: ... are two reagent cartridges Each reagent cartridge is identified with bright yellow labels that indicate which cartridge contains Ammonium Persulfate and which cartridge contains Phosphoric Acid Warning Installation of the reagents requires access to the inside of the analyzer To avoid potentially dangerous shock disconnect the power cord before opening the analyzer s top panel Warning To avoid ex...

Страница 50: ...g on the cartridge for proper positioning FIGURE 4 7 Label on Reagent Cartridges WARNING Acid may spill from the container if the valve is not in the closed position 6 Align the ACID reagent cartridge with Mininert valve to the brown knurled nut Once the cartridge is aligned with the brown knurled nut turn the brown knurled nut clockwise while holding the reagent cartridge Turning the nut rather t...

Страница 51: ...ing on the cartridge for proper positioning WARNING Oxidizer may spill from the container if the valve is not in the closed position 10 Align the OXIDIZER reagent cartridge with Mininert valve to the brown knurled nut Once the cartridge is aligned with the brown knurled nut turn the brown knurled nut clockwise while holding reagent cartridge Turning the nut rather than the cartridge will prevent t...

Страница 52: ...ntinuous monitoring from a pressurized sample stream using the on line sample inlet system The grab sampling mode is used for running standards or samples from bottles or containers If the Multistream is installed MULTISTREAM is a third mode see the Multistream Manual for details If the analyzer is being used with the autosampler system the selected analyzer sample mode will be on line When using ...

Страница 53: ...IN menu If the analyzer powers up with the message Over 48 hours since last TOC Do you wish to flush oxidizer use the arrows or to select YES and press ENTER 4 It is essential that the analyzer is connected to a water sample during the flush operations The analyzer will automatically perform a reagent flush During the reagent flush the display will read FLUSHING When the reagent flush is complete ...

Страница 54: ...EAR ENT SELECT CLR EXIT ONLINE SAMPLING CURRENT MODE ONLINE GRAB SAMPLING FIGURE 4 11 SAMPLE MODE Screen 8 The current setting of the sample mode is displayed along with the two options If the sample mode is set to the correct option press CLEAR to return to the Setup menu To change the sample mode use the arrows or to select the desired mode and press ENTER The display will change to indicate the...

Страница 55: ...ar and time Press ENTER each time to save the entry The date and time are now saved 4 Press CLEAR to return to the MAIN menu NOTE If CLEAR is pressed before setting all the times and dates the clock will not be changed and the previous menu will be displayed Enter the Installation Dates for Reagents After installing the reagents the installation date must be entered The UV lamp and pump tubing inf...

Страница 56: ...er UV Lamp and Pump Tubing lifetimes In these options pressing ENTER zeroes the timers Do not reset the timers unless the consumables are replaced When viewing the status of the Acid Oxidizer UV Lamp and Pump Tubing press CLEAR to exit the menu without resetting the timers Oxidizer Reagent To enter the installation date for the oxidizer reagent 1 From the CONSUMABLES menu use the arrows or to scro...

Страница 57: ... 30 DAYS AGO INSTALL DT 11 27 98 CURRENT DT 12 23 98 ENT SET W CURRENT DT CLR EXIT FIGURE 4 15 OXIDIZER Status and INSTALLATION Screen The amount of oxidizer in the reservoir and the date when the oxidizer cartridge was installed INSTALL DT is shown The INSTALL date will be changed to the CURRENT date as described below 3 To change the INSTALL date to today s date press ENTER The display will chan...

Страница 58: ...ut changing the value 4 Press CLEAR to return to the CONSUMABLES menu Acid Reagent To enter the installation date for the Acid Reagent select ACID from the CONSUMABLES menu 1 From the Consumables menu use the arrows or to scroll to ACID Press ENTER to display the Acid Installation menu 2 With the INSTALL option highlighted press ENTER to display the Acid Status and Installation screen 3 To change ...

Страница 59: ...may be encountered if the oxidizer flow rate is too high When organic compounds are present in a water sample the oxidizer will be consumed by the oxidation reactions However if a large excess of persulfate oxidizer is present UV promoted decomposition of persulfate will produce oxygen The oxygen will collect as gas bubbles that can cause problems in the measurement These problems may include TOC ...

Страница 60: ...measurements with and without oxidizer may be due to this background and not an increase in oxidation efficiency The upper range for the oxidizer flow rates listed in Table 2 are approximate values If the water samples contain difficult to oxidize organic compounds or compounds with a high oxidant demand it may be necessary to add more oxidizer than the upper flow rate listed for a particular TOC ...

Страница 61: ...ed Oxidizer Flow Rates TOC Concentration Oxidizer Flow Rate 25 50 ppm 2 0 7 0 µL min 10 25 ppm 1 0 4 5 µL min 5 to 10 ppm 0 5 2 0 µL min 1 5 ppm 0 5 1 0 µL min 1 ppm 0 01 0 5 µL min NOTE If a specific application requires a broader TOC Concentration range from 0 to 5 ppm it is acceptable to set the oxidizer flow rate from 0 01 1 0 µL min Recommended Acid Flow Rates IC Concentration With IC Removal...

Страница 62: ...Acid and Oxidizer Flow Rates PRESET Acid Flow Rate Oxidizer Flow Rate S1 Deionized Water 0 20 µL min 0 Off S2 Post GAC RO 0 40 µL min 0 20 µL min S3 Raw Water 0 75 µL min 0 50 µL min S4 25 ppm Standard 0 75 µL min 2 0 or 2 50 µL min Preset S1 is used for TOC measurements in low TOC deionized water Preset S2 is used for TOC measurements in low TOC water before deionization but after granular activa...

Страница 63: ...The preset flow screen is displayed indicating the corresponding acid and oxidizer flow rates YOU HAVE SELECTED ACID 0 20 OXID 0 00 ENT ACCEPT CLR EXIT ENTER CLEAR S1 FLOW RATES PRESET TOC LEVELS FIGURE 4 18 Presets Flows Screen 3 To change the flow rates to the displayed values press ENTER or press CLEAR to return to the PRESETS menu 4 Press ENTER a second time when the instruments prompts for co...

Страница 64: ...mode the acid and oxidizer flow rates must be set according to Table 2 as described below If the preset flow rates for on line sampling have been selected proceed to the printer setup section To change the flow rates for on line or grab sampling from the SETUP menu 1 Press the down arrow to scroll to REAGENTS Press ENTER The REAGENTS menu is displayed ENTER CLEAR ONLINE FLOW RATES GRAB FLOW RATES ...

Страница 65: ... ARROWS CHANGE CHAR CURSOR CURRENT VALUE FIGURE 4 21 ACID FLOW RATE Screen 4 The current flow rate setting is shown toward the upper right hand corner and the new flow rate will be entered at the cursor position If a mistake has been made when entering the new values press CLEAR to delete the entry To exit the ACID FLOW RATE screen without changing the setting press CLEAR twice 5 Use the arrows or...

Страница 66: ... CLR ABORT ACID FLOW RATE IN MICROLITERS MINUTE 0 000000 0 75 FIGURE 4 22 ACID FLOW RATE Confirmation Screen 10 Press CLEAR to return to the Flow Rate menu To change the oxidizer flow rate from the FLOW RATE menu 1 Scroll to OXID FLOW RATE and press ENTER to display the OXIDIZER FLOW RATE menu 2 Use the arrows or to scroll to the first digit of the new flow rate and press ENTER 3 Enter the remaini...

Страница 67: ...the procedures described above to set the acid and oxidizer flow rates for this sampling mode Setting Up a Password The PASSWORD option in the SETUP menu allows password protection for the analyzer Once a password is selected it will need to be entered to recalibrate the analyzer install consumables or change the password This password is independent of any passwords established via DataGuard The ...

Страница 68: ...e been entered press ENTER again to store the password The display indicates that the password has been set and will return to the SETUP menu WARNING The password must be entered to recalibrate the analyzer install consumables or change the password Choose a password that will be remembered and record the password and store it in a secure location for future reference Instructions for changing the...

Страница 69: ...RINTER COLUMNS PRINT INTERVAL PRINT ERROR LIST FIGURE 4 24 PRINTER Menu 2 To select the number of columns for the printer scroll to PRINTER COLUMNS and press ENTER The PRINTER COLUMN SETTING screen is displayed ENTER CLEAR PRINTER COL SETTING COLUMNS 80 CHANGE TO 40 ENT SET CLR EXIT ARROWS TO CHANGE FIGURE 4 25 PRINTER COLUMN SETTING Screen 3 Use the arrows or to select the proper column setting 4...

Страница 70: ...tion every hour Print average value and standard deviation every two hours Print average value and standard deviation every four hours Print average value and standard deviation every eight hours To select the print interval from the PRINTER menu 1 Scroll to PRINT INTERVAL and press ENTER The PRINT INTERVAL screen is displayed ENTER CLEAR PRINT INTERVAL INTERVAL EVERY HOUR CHANGE TO EVERY SAMP ENT...

Страница 71: ...t of analyzer parameters will be printed and should be the same as the list included in the Quality Control Report shipped with the analyzer Store this list in a secure location and reprint the list when recalibrating the analyzer Reagent Flush Before using the analyzer perform a reagent flush to remove any gas bubbles that may have formed in the reagent lines For the reagent flush the analyzer mu...

Страница 72: ...o REAGENTS and press ENTER 5 Use the arrows or to scroll to REAGENT FLUSH and press ENTER The REAGENT FLUSH menu is displayed ENTER CLEAR REAGENT FLUSH FLUSH WHICH OXIDIZER BOTH ACID FIGURE 4 27 REAGENT FLUSH Menu 6 For on line sampling make sure that the analyzer is connected to a low TOC DI water supply For grab sampling make sure the 1 16 Teflon inlet line is placed below the water level in a s...

Страница 73: ... at twice normal speed Run a Fast Flush for 8 minutes with reagents added at double the set flow rates After completion of the reagent flush the analyzer will return to the REAGENTS menu If the analyzer has not been used for over 48 hours the decomposition of persulfate can produce oxygen bubbles in the syringe pump and the reagent addition lines To prevent bubbles from entering the sample stream ...

Страница 74: ...er syringe three times to remove any bubbles in the syringe and lines When finished the system will return to the Main menu To skip the oxidizer flush not recommended use the arrows or to scroll to NO and press ENTER Perform a reagent flush at any time by selecting the REAGENT FLUSH option under the REAGENTS menu This completes the installation For best results allow the analyzer to run overnight ...

Страница 75: ...G 42 FIGURE 5 1 OUTPUTS Menu To download data from the analyzer directly to a computer you must set the BAUD rate for the RS 232 port and turn on the DATA OUT option Baud Rate To set the baud rate 1 From the OUTPUTS menu use the arrows or to scroll to BAUD and press ENTER The BAUD RATE SETTING screen is displayed BAUD RATE SETTING ENTER CLEAR BAUD RATE 9600 CHANGE TO 9600 ARROWS TO CHANGE ENT SET ...

Страница 76: ... return to the OUTPUTS menu RS 232 Data Out To turn on the RS 232 port scroll to DATA OUT and press ENTER The SET DATA OUT STATE screen is displayed ENTER CLEAR SET DATA OUT STATE OUTPUT IS OFF CHANGE TO ON ENT SET CLR EXIT ARROWS TO CHANGE FIGURE 5 3 SET DATA OUT STATE Screen To send data via the RS 232 port set the data out state to ON The data is output in an ASCII text string that is comma del...

Страница 77: ...n Number 5 Date mm dd yy 6 Time hh mm 24 hour format 7 TOC in ppb 8 IC in ppb 9 TC in ppb 10 Acid flow rate µL min 11 Oxidizer flow rate µL min 12 Error message 1 if any 13 Error message 2 if any 14 TC Transfer Constant 15 IC Transfer Constant 16 TC IC Offset 17 AC Frequency 18 UV Lamp state Field not used unless there is an occurrence or set to the proper mode Field used in all occurrences ...

Страница 78: ...or Messages 1 25 1 25 0 00 60 HZ UV ON TC Transfer Constant IC Transfer Constant TC IC Offset AC Frequency UV Lamp State The data stream for a grab sampling measurement will have the form GRAB 2 3 2 15 95 13 21 24400 00 218 00 24618 00 0 50 0 30 Sample Mode Not Used Date Time TOC ppb IC ppb TC ppb Oxidizer Flow Rate µL min Acid Flow Rate µL min Error Messages Sample Repetition 1 25 1 25 0 00 60 HZ...

Страница 79: ...converter are required for the installation of an RS 485 Install the components according to Figure 5 4 FIGURE 5 4 Setup For RS 485 Installation Equipment such as RS 232 to RS 485 converters manufactured by B B Electronics can be used for installation Once installed in this configuration RS 485 will convert data the same as described for RS 232 Serial Commands NOTE Sending commands to the instrume...

Страница 80: ...mation To start the TOC Analyzer in the ONLINE mode from the PC type TB or tb and press ENTER The analyzer will respond with a TB echo if the command was successfully executed The TB command TOC Begin will start the TOC measurement cycle using the settings for reagent flow rates output etc as they were when the analyzer was last stopped NOTE The TB command can only be used in the on line mode The ...

Страница 81: ...tputs that can be set to trigger an alarm if the measured TOC TC or IC exceeds a set value or if a serious analyzer error occurs The analyzer is shipped with both alarms OFF If the alarms are connected to the analyzer the alarm level must be set To set the alarms 1 From the SETUP menu scroll to OUTPUTS and press ENTER From the Outputs menu use the arrows or to scroll to ALARMS Press ENTER The Alar...

Страница 82: ... OFF ENTER CLEAR ENT CHANGE CLR EXIT ARROW SELECT TYPE FIGURE 5 6 ALARM 1 Set point Screen 4 Use the arrows or to select the alarm setting and press ENTER For example to set the alarm to 1 ppm 1000 ppb TOC select TOC in ppb and press ENTER The new menu is shown with the cursor on the left side of the display ALARM 1 TOC IN PPB ENTER CLEAR CURSOR ENT SAVE CHAR NUM CLR RESTART EXIT ARROW CHANGE CHAR...

Страница 83: ...ar to return to the OUTPUTS menu 6 If a second alarm is being used follow the same procedure to set the level for ALARM 2 When finished press CLEAR to return to the OUTPUTS menu Analog Outputs Select the range for the two analog outputs 4 20 mA and 0 10 V from the ANALOG OUT option of the OUTPUTS menu as follows 1 Use the arrows or to scroll to ANALOG OUT and press ENTER The Analog Output menu is ...

Страница 84: ...C Press ENTER The current output will change to indicate the new analog output The program will prompt for confirmation Press ENTER to save or press CLEAR to return to the ANALOG OUTPUT menu 4 Use the arrows or to scroll to the SET RANGE option Press ENTER The ANALOG OUTPOUT RANGE minimum value screen is displayed ANALOG OUTPUT RANGE IN PPB ENTER CLEAR CURSOR ENT SAVE CHAR NUM CLR RESTART EXIT ARR...

Страница 85: ...NGE IN PPB ENTER CLEAR CURSOR ENT SAVE CHAR NUM CLR RESTART EXIT ARROW CHANGE CHAR MAX 10 FIGURE 5 11 ANALOG OUTPUT RANGE Display Maximum Value 7 Use the arrows or to scroll to the maximum value in ppb for the recorder or device Press ENTER to save each digit 8 Press ENTER to store the maximum value and return to the ANALOG OUTPUT menu or 9 Press CLEAR twice to return to the OUTPUTS menu without s...

Страница 86: ...IT ARROWS SELECT TYPE FIGURE 5 12 SET DISPLAY MODE Screen 2 Use the arrows or to select the measurement to be displayed TOC IC or TC Press ENTER The Current display will change to indicate the new display option and the program will prompt for confirmation Press ENTER to return to the OUTPUTS menu 3 Press CLEAR twice to return to the SETUP menu Warning 42 The accuracy of the TOC measurement is red...

Страница 87: ...turned off and no warning message will be indicated errors will still be written to the RAM card If applicable turn off the low TOC IC warning message 1 From the OUTPUTS menu use the arrows or to scroll to WARNING 42 Press ENTER The WARNING 42 DISPLAY screen is displayed WARNING 42 DISPLAY ENTER CLEAR DISPLAY IS ON ARROWS TO CHANGE ENT SET CLR EXIT CHANGE TO OFF FIGURE 5 13 WARNING 42 DISPLAY Scre...

Страница 88: ...u structure is shown in Figure 6 1 To move down the menu tree select the desired menu option with the arrows or and press ENTER To move up the menu tree press CLEAR For firmware versions with the DataGuard feature refer to the DataGuard Operation chapter for additional information specific to that feature ...

Страница 89: ...AMPLE MODE ON LINE SAMPLING GRAB SAMPLING REAGENT FLUSH S1 WATER DEIONIZED S2 POST GAC RO S3 RAW WATER S4 25 PPM TOC STD BAUD ANALOG OUT DISPLAY DATA OUT ALARMS PRINTER COLUMNS PRINT INTERVAL PRINT ERROR LIST PRINT CONSTANTS WARNING 42 STOP TOC MENU ON LINE FLOW RATES MEASUREMENT MENU WHEN ANALYZER IS OPERATING IN GRAB MODE CONSUMABLES SERVICE MECHANICAL REAGENT FLUSH PRINT REPORT IC CALIB CONSTAN...

Страница 90: ...to highlight the desired option and press ENTER The SETUP menu options and procedures for entering values configuring the output ports and changing the reagent flow rates are described in the INSTALLATION chapter The CONSUMABLES menu options and procedures for replacing the reagents UV lamp and pump tubing are in the MAINTENANCE chapter The TROUBLESHOOTING chapter provides explanations and definit...

Страница 91: ...or the first 280 seconds Figure 6 2 followed by ANALYZING for the remaining 504 seconds Figure 6 3 of the first measurement The total time for this two step startup process is 784 seconds The time remaining until the next reading is complete will count down in the upper right corner of the screen If the reagent flow rates are at preset values a description of that preset will be displayed in the l...

Страница 92: ...measurements to obtain an accurate reading when the analyzer is first installed If the previous sample s were less than clean the analyzer will need more measurements Measurement Display TOC 3 67 PPB 06 00 ENTER CLEAR DEIONIZED WATER FIGURE 6 4 Measurement Display The principal display when the analyzer is operating is the Measurement Display It shows the last value of TOC TC or IC selected in the...

Страница 93: ...s being refilled from the reservoir Requires 3 minutes to refill and 30 seconds for pressure equalization The analyzer performs an initialization after each refill Refilling Oxidizer The oxidizer syringe is being refilled from the reservoir Requires 3 minutes to refill and 30 seconds for pressure equalization The analyzer performs an initialization after each refill The control buttons have delaye...

Страница 94: ...ew TOC measurements are completed the latest value is displayed at the top of the stack Press the down arrow to display the previous five TOC measurements Press the up arrow again to display the five latest TOC measurements Since the TOC measurements are stored and read from the RAM card all of the data stored on the card may be reviewed The processor is carrying out other functions associated wit...

Страница 95: ...PPB 07 47 TC 1 94 PPB 07 00 TC 111 91 PPB G 10 FIGURE 6 7 History TC Display To review the corresponding IC values from the TC display press ENTER 05 00 ENTER CLEAR 07 04 92 08 05 IC 0 31 PPB 07 59 IC 0 29 PPB 07 53 IC 0 29 PPB 07 47 IC 0 31 PPB 07 00 IC 1 17 PPB G 10 FIGURE 6 8 History IC Display The arrows or can be used to scroll either the TC or IC displays Pressing ENTER from the IC display w...

Страница 96: ... until the next TOC measurement is also displayed in the upper right hand corner of the screen A complete discussion of warnings and errors along with remedies is found in the Troubleshooting chapter along with a list of warnings and error numbers Table 10 The type of error can be displayed and in some cases actions to be taken from the Error List To see what error has occurred scroll to the desir...

Страница 97: ... Turning off the analyzer while data is being written to the RAM card may damage the RAM card With the STOP TOC option highlighted press ENTER Stopping the analyzer when in on line mode will cause the MAIN menu to be displayed HISTORY SETUP ERRORS MAINTENANCE CALIBRATE ENTER CLEAR START TOC FIGURE 6 11 MAIN Menu Viewing Consumables Status From the MAIN menu scroll to MAINTENANCE press ENTER and th...

Страница 98: ...rack of the reagent supplies lamp and tubing lifetime In these menus ENTER resets the timers CLEAR exits the menu without resetting the timers Do not reset the timers unless replacing the consumables UV Lamp Status View the status of the UV lamp highlight LAMP and press ENTER The LAMP INSTALLATION menu is displayed INSTALL ENTER CLEAR SET LEFT FIGURE 6 13 LAMP INSTALLATION Menu Highlight INSTALL a...

Страница 99: ... lamp has been on and the remaining lifetime Press CLEAR to exit the menu without resetting the time Do not press ENTER or the timer will be reset Follow the same steps to view the pump tubing status Reagent Status View the status of the reagent reservoirs from the CONSUMABLES menu by scrolling to ACID or OXIDIZER and pressing ENTER The ACID INSTALLATION menu is displayed ENTER CLEAR INSTALL SET L...

Страница 100: ...a means for resetting the percentage left for the oxidizer the installation date may also be reset These functions are used in the unlikely event that these values are lost from the battery backed RAM or when a new EEPROM chip is installed For example the SET LEFT option under the ACID INSTALLATION menu can be used to enter the amount of acid left so that the analyzer will know the volume of acid ...

Страница 101: ...f a serious problem is detected the analyzer stops TOC measurements and displays a screen similar to that shown below FATAL ERROR 31 HAS OCCURRED MACHINE IS HALTED PRESS ANY KEY AND CORRECT ERROR ENTER CLEAR FIGURE 6 18 Fatal Error Display Turning Off Power to the Analyzer WARNING Always stop TOC measurements before turning off or unplugging the analyzer Turning off the analyzer while it is writin...

Страница 102: ...TC and IC directly from sample bottles In the Grab Sample mode specify how many replicate measurements to make from a sample bottle and how many of these measurements are to be used in the calculation of average values and standard deviation or coefficient of variation relative standard deviation WARNING Make sure the DI Reservoir is full particularly when running samples with high TOC s or high s...

Страница 103: ...o Grab Sampling from the MAIN menu 1 Use the arrows or to scroll to SETUP and press ENTER The SETUP menu is displayed with the CLOCK function highlighted CLOCK REAGENTS PRINTER OUTPUTS ENTER CLEAR UV LAMP PRESETS SAMPLE MODE PASSWORD FIGURE 6 19 SETUP Menu 2 Use the arrows or to scroll to SAMPLE MODE Press ENTER to display the SAMPLE MODE menu ENTER CLEAR ENT SELECT CLR EXIT ONLINE SAMPLING CURREN...

Страница 104: ...rom On line to Grab Sampling The plumbing will need to be changed for sampling from containers or calibrating the analyzer To change the plumbing refer to the Installation Chapter of this manual Setting Up the Grab Sample Mode After the sample mode has been set and the plumbing has been changed the grab sample parameters need to be set 1 From the Main menu select START TOC Press ENTER The GRAB SAM...

Страница 105: ... TO CHANGE ENT SET CLR EXIT FIGURE 6 23 GRAB REPETITIONS Screen 4 Use the arrows or to select the number of replicate TOC measurements 1 99 to be made on the sample and press ENTER to save the value The analyzer uses a fast flush of the sample in which the speed of the sample pump and syringe pumps is doubled to fill the analyzer with the new sample The pumps are then returned to the normal speeds...

Страница 106: ...JECTIONS screen is displayed ENTER CLEAR GRAB REJECTIONS REJECTIONS 0 CHANGE TO 1 ARROWS TO CHANGE ENT SET CLR EXIT FIGURE 6 24 GRAB REJECTIONS Screen The REJECTIONS option determines how many of the replicate measurements will be used in calculating average values and standard deviations In most cases reject the first measurement to yield a more accurate average value 7 Use the arrows or to set t...

Страница 107: ...n the REJECTIONS Option and displayed on the LCD Display The display may be set to show average value and the coefficient of variation CV or relative standard deviation or to show the average value and standard deviation SD 10 Use the arrows or to select AVE CV or AVE SD and press ENTER to save the setting 11 Press CLEAR to return to the GRAB SAMPLE SETUP menu 12 Use the arrows or to scroll to PRI...

Страница 108: ...perator s name and sample information 13 With the DESCRITION SPACE option highlighted press ENTER The GRAB DESCRIPTION SETTING screen is displayed ENTER CLEAR GRAB DESCRIP SETTING CURRENTLY OFF CHANGE TO ON ARROWS TO CHANGE ENT SET CLR EXIT FIGURE 6 27 GRAB DESCRIPTION SETTING Screen 14 Use the arrows or to select the desired state ON or OFF and press ENTER to save the setting 15 Press CLEAR to re...

Страница 109: ...ALWAYS prints for each grab sample 17 Use the arrows or to select the desired option and press ENTER to save the setting 18 Press CLEAR twice to return to the GRAB SAMPLE SETUP menu Running Grab Samples 1 Make sure the open end of the 1 16 sample line is below the liquid level in the sample bottle 2 From the GRAB SAMPLING screen use the arrows or to scroll to START and press ENTER The display will...

Страница 110: ...e Grab Measurement screen 4 Stop the Grab Sample measurements in one of two ways select STOP TOC from the menu options or select STOP from the Grab Sample RunTime menu Both options will return to the Grab Sample screen As the measurements are completed the last value is displayed and printed if applicable and the repetition number is increased After all of the replicate measurements have been made...

Страница 111: ...re available from Ionics Instruments Sampling from containers may result in loss of DI water from the internal reservoir Check the DI water level frequently and refill the reservoir as needed Instructions for checking and refilling the DI reservoir are given in the Maintenance chapter It is particularly important that the DI reservoir be filled before moving the analyzer An air bubble in the DI lo...

Страница 112: ... then use the 1 4 wrench to tighten the nut 1 16 1 8 turn past finger tight Do not overtighten the tubing will collapse and prevent flow 9 Install the 1 16 OD Teflon outlet line by connecting the Valco nut to the OUTLET bulkhead fitting with your fingers then use the 1 4 wrench to tight the nut 1 16 1 8 turn past finger tight Do not over tighten the tubing will collapse and prevent flow 10 Connect...

Страница 113: ...otection has been enabled as described in the Installation chapter the password may be changed at any time The password protection discussed here is independent of the password protection established via DataGuard for further information regarding DataGuard passwords please refer to the DataGuard Operation chapter To change the password 1 Select SETUP from the MAIN menu and press ENTER 2 Scroll to...

Страница 114: ... After all of the letters of the current password have been entered press ENTER again to enter the password The top line in the display should change to indicate that the correct password has been entered ENTER CLEAR THAT IS CORRECT FIGURE 6 31 Correct Password Confirmation Screen 7 The display will then change to the ENTER NEW PASSWORD screen ENTER CLEAR ENTER NEW PASSWORD ENT SAVE CHAR PSWD CLR ...

Страница 115: ...e entered to recalibrate the analyzer to change consumables or to change the password Choose a password that will be easy to remember and record the password and store it in a secure location for future reference 11 If an incorrect password has been entered in step 6 the INCORRECT PASSWORD screen will display ENTER CLEAR INCORRECT TRY AGAIN FIGURE 6 33 INCORRECT PASSWORD Screen The display will ch...

Страница 116: ...ed to enter a password when changing consumables or recalibrating the analyzer To re enable password protection follow the same procedure for setting up a new password refer to the Installation chapter Service Menu The SERVICE menu provides a way to test the subsystems of the analyzer for proper operation The subsystems that can be tested are the analog board the 4 20mA outputs the digital inputs ...

Страница 117: ... control to the instrument via password protection and maintains an audit trail of user operations The default Administrator password can be found in the Identification Records An overview of the menu structure is shown in Figure 7 1 The single letter shown following each menu option relates to the required level of access authority as dictated by DataGuard and described in the key at the bottom o...

Страница 118: ...Q S3 RAW WATER Q S4 25 PPM TOC STD Q BAUD Q ANALOG OUT Q DISPLAY Q DATA OUT Q ALARMS Q PRINTER COLUMNS Q PRINT INTERVAL Q PRINT ERROR LIST Q PRINT CONSTANTS Q WARNING 42 Q STOP TOC MENU ON LINE FLOW RATES Q MEASUREMENT MENU WHEN ANALYZER IS OPERATING IN GRAB MODE CONSUMABLES M SERVICE M MECHANICAL M REAGENT FLUSH M PRINT REPORT M IC CALIB CONSTANT Q ANALOG M 4 20MA Q VALVES M RS 232 M PRINTER M AL...

Страница 119: ...r to log in before operating the instrument ADMIN provides tools for the administrator to manage user passwords and the automatic logout timer HISTORY ERRORS START TOC CALIBRATE and MAINTENANCE are described in the OPERATION chapter Select an option by using the arrows or to scroll to and highlight the desired option and pressing ENTER RunTime Menu The RunTime menu is accessible while the instrume...

Страница 120: ...Option NOTE Always stop TOC measurements before turning off or unplugging the analyzer Turning off the analyzer while data is being written to the RAM card may damage the RAM card If the analyzer is in measurement mode highlight the STOP TOC option and press ENTER You will be prompted for a password ENTER CLEAR ENTER PASSWORD ENT SAVE CHAR PSWD CLR RESTART EXIT ARROWS CHANGE CHAR FIGURE 7 3 ENTER ...

Страница 121: ...NTER CLEAR START TOC LOGOUT ADMIN FIGURE 7 4 MAIN Menu Setup All of the run parameters are accessed through the SETUP menu To access the SETUP menu from the MAIN menu use the arrows or to scroll to SETUP and press ENTER The SETUP menu displays CLOCK REAGENTS PRINTER OUTPUTS ENTER CLEAR UV LAMP PRESETS SAMPLE MODE AUDIT TRAIL FIGURE 7 5 SETUP Menu Refer to the Operations chapter for information abo...

Страница 122: ...R The ADMIN menu displays PASSWORD LOGIN TIMEOUT ENTER CLEAR FIGURE 7 6 ADMIN Menu There are two options from the ADMIN menu PASSWORD is used to change the passwords assigned to user IDs LOGIN TIMEOUT sets how long the keypad interface goes unused before the instrument automatically logs the user out Select an option by using the arrows or to highlight the desired option then press ENTER Password ...

Страница 123: ...rator OPERATOR 08 Operator OPERATOR 09 Operator OPERATOR 10 Maintenance MAINT 01 Maintenance MAINT 02 Maintenance MAINT 03 Maintenance MAINT 04 Quality Assurance QUALITY 01 Quality Assurance QUALITY 02 Quality Assurance QUALITY 03 Quality Assurance QUALITY 04 Administration ADMIN 01 Administration ADMIN 02 Each menu within the instrument requires a particular level of access In order to access the...

Страница 124: ...e current password pressing ENTER to input each letter 4 After all of the letters have been entered for the password press ENTER again to enter the password If the entered password does not match any of the previously created passwords the INCORRECT PASSWORD screen displays ENTER CLEAR INCORRECT TRY AGAIN FIGURE 7 8 INCORRECT PASSWORD Screen This screen displays for a few seconds before returning ...

Страница 125: ...ee Identification Records This password should be changed in order to prevent unauthorized access to the instrument Setting a Password 1 From the ADMIN menu use the arrows or to scroll to PASSWORD and press ENTER The SELECT USER ID screen displays ENTER CLEAR SELECT USER ID OPERATOR 01 ENT SELECT CLR EXIT ARROWS CHANGE USER FIGURE 7 10 SELECT USER ID Screen The arrows or scroll through the list of...

Страница 126: ... OPERATOR 01 FIGURE 7 11 ENTER NEW PASSWORD Screen 3 Use the arrows or to select the first character When the desired character displays press ENTER 4 ENTER each character in sequence as described in Step 3 5 After entering the entire password press ENTER to save the new password The PASSWORD SET screen displays ENTER CLEAR PASSWORD SET OPERATOR 01 FIGURE 7 12 PASSWORD SET Screen 6 After the PASSW...

Страница 127: ...logging out prevents a second user from accessing the system under the first user s account This feature is described in the Logout section of this chapter DataGuard also provides a timeout feature that automatically logs the user out after a period of inactivity with the keypad If a user does not log out and leaves the system the automatic logout feature will log the user out if the keypad is not...

Страница 128: ...7 14 LOGIN HAS TIMED OUT Screen After a few seconds the ENTER PASSWORD screen displays The user must re enter a valid password in order to access the menu system Audit Trail The DataGuard feature maintains an audit trail showing the history of activities performed on the instrument Each audit trail entry contains an identification number what operation was performed when the operation was performe...

Страница 129: ...T AUDIT TRAIL sends the entire audit trail to the RS 232 port RESET AUDIT TRAIL is used to allow more audit trail entries after printing or exporting the audit trail Select an option by using the arrows or to highlight the desired option then press ENTER The instrument can store approximately 200 entries When the audit trail is almost full a message will be displayed requesting that the audit trai...

Страница 130: ...rows or to highlight VIEW AUDIT TRAIL then press ENTER The screen displays the most recent entry in the audit trail AUDIT TRAIL ENTER CLEAR ADMIN 01 091660 PASSWORD SET 08 MAR 2002 09 56 58 QUALITY 03 NEXT CLEAR EXIT FIGURE 7 16 VIEW AUDIT TRAIL Screen Use the arrows or to scroll to earlier or later entries Press CLEAR to return to the AUDIT TRAIL menu Print Audit Trail To print the current audit ...

Страница 131: ...s printed or aborted the AUDIT TRAIL menu displays Export Audit Trail To export the current audit trail to the RS 232 port use the arrows or to highlight EXPORT AUDIT TRAIL then press ENTER The EXPORTING AUDIT TRAIL screen displays EXPORTING AUDIT TRAIL ENTER CLEAR PLEASE WAIT CLEAR EXIT FIGURE 7 18 EXPORTING AUDIT TRAIL Screen This screen will be cleared when the entire audit trail has been sent ...

Страница 132: ...63 PASSWORD SET 6 Data Alpha numeric characters columns 65 end of line QUALITY 01 After all of the audit trail entries have been exported the instrument will send the characters AT to indicate that the audit trail is complete After the audit trail is exported or aborted the AUDIT TRAIL menu displays Reset Audit Trail To reset the current audit trail use the arrows or to highlight RESET AUDIT TRAIL...

Страница 133: ...URE 7 20 RESET AUDIT TRAIL Confirmation Screen To reset the audit trail press ENTER To exit without resetting the audit trail press CLEAR Logging Out Log out after using the menu system to minimize the risk of unauthorized access by other users To logout select LOGOUT from the MAIN menu The LOGOUT COMPLETE screen displays ENTER CLEAR LOGOUT COMPLETE USER ID OPERATOR 01 FIGURE 7 21 LOGOUT COMPLETE ...

Страница 134: ...004 Page 7 18 DLM 30007 08 Rev A After a few seconds the screen will clear and the analyzer will begin running analysis as if the START TOC option had been selected Further access to the menus will require a user to login ...

Страница 135: ...fe TOCMAINT 12 month kit One year HTF 94402 60 µm filter element as needed APF 80025 Oxidizer reagent 3 months APF 80010 Acid reagent 3 months ATU 00646 Pump tubing 12 months ARE 00020 UV lamp 6 months RAM card DI Water Reservoir refill as needed Autosampler check every 2 weeks On Line 3 months Operating life is based on the total time the analyzer is making measurements The lifetime of the in lin...

Страница 136: ...ssword See the DataGuard Operation chapter for more information regarding the DataGuard feature Replacing the In line Filter To prevent clogging a filter is installed on the sample inlet line The lifetime of the filter element will depend on the level of particles in the water samples If monitoring the TOC of the feed water prior to purification the filter element will need to be replaced more oft...

Страница 137: ...er see Figure 8 1 Loosen the adapter on the inlet side of the filter 5 Unscrew the spring loaded inlet adapter taking care to not lose the spring 6 Remove the old filter element from the body of the filter 7 Insert a new filter element into the body of the filter opened end first 60 M 60 M Closed End Spring Place wrenches here Loosen inlet adapter FIGURE 8 1 Replacing the In Line Filter Element 8 ...

Страница 138: ...s to ensure product purity The use of reagents from other sources or failure to replace the reagents on the prescribed replacement schedule will invalidate the warranty WARNING Reagent containers are for single use only do not refill Refilling or reusing reagent containers will void all instrument and parts warranties and nullify any performance claims WARNING Installation of the reagents requires...

Страница 139: ...ert valve on the acid container by pressing on the red button to slide the stainless steel bar fully inward Refer to the label on the reagent box for further clarification WARNING Acid may spill from the container if the valve is not closed 6 Disconnect the acid container from the inlet line Lift the container from the holder and unscrew the container counterclockwise while holding the brown knurl...

Страница 140: ...osure then lowering the container into the enclosure Cross Reagent Enclosure 1 Hold at angle and slide into enclosure 2 Push down into enclosure SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW A C I D O X I D FIGURE 8 2 Installing Reagent Containers 10 Locate the OXIDIZER supply container on the right hand side and remove the container from the enclosure by lifting up on the front of the reagent container end opposite the Min...

Страница 141: ...the right side of the enclosure with the valve facing the rear of the analyzer NOTE The used reagent containers may still have a small volume of 6 M H3PO4 ACID or 15 NH4 2S2O8 OXIDIZER inside and should be disposed of properly Consult state and local regulations 16 Replace the reagent enclosure top cover and secure with the thumb screws 17 Record the installation date for the reagents in the servi...

Страница 142: ...ment regulations WARNING Installation of the UV lamp requires access to the inside of the instrument To avoid potentially dangerous shock disconnect the power cord before opening the instrument s top panel WARNING Should the UV lamp become broken or damaged it should be handled in accordance with your organization s toxic waste handling procedure and disposed of in accordance with Federal state or...

Страница 143: ...ack of the enclosure and a black wire with a black connector extending from the nut 4 Carefully unplug the black power connector by pulling on both ends of the connector Move the ribbon cables and wires away from the back of the oxidation reactor so that there are no obstructions for removing the lamp 5 If the bulkhead nut the nut next to the aluminum housing cannot be loosened manually hold it wi...

Страница 144: ...the top of the DI reservoir first then carefully manipulate the lamp over the top of the reservoir Lifting on the plug will help position the lamp so that it clears the top of the reservoir Gently twisting the lamp back and forth will help to remove the lamp from the enclosure 8 Pull the plug and nut away from the hinge on the top cover so that the cord and lamp will clear the hinge 9 Put on the g...

Страница 145: ...inger tight Do NOT use a wrench 12 Connect the lamp cord to the two prong connector One prong is larger than the other and the connector will fit only one way 13 If the pump tubing needs to be replaced follow the procedure in this chapter otherwise close the top panel and restart the instrument 14 Record the installation date for the lamp in the service log 15 Plug in the main power cord and turn ...

Страница 146: ...struments use of tubing from other sources or failure to replace the tubing on the prescribed replacement schedule will affect instrument functionality A 3 32 Allen wrench is supplied with the instrument to replace the pump tubing WARNING Installation of the pump tubing requires access to the inside of the instrument To avoid potentially dangerous shock disconnect the power cord before opening the...

Страница 147: ...ht hand side of the sample pump 6 Remove the screw from the pressure plate closest to the front of the analyzer see Figure 8 4 and swing the plate open to expose the tubing 7 Locate the membrane modules circular stainless steel pieces with tubing extending out the top located in the middle of the analyzer The tubing to be replaced is connected to the membrane module and runs behind the syringe pum...

Страница 148: ...of the new tubing to the 1 16 stainless steel tubing attached to the bulkhead fitting 3 Feed the tubing around the sample pump and behind the syringe pumps to the membrane modules IMPORTANT It is crucial that steps 4 and 5 are followed exactly The shorter piece of tubing must be used on the IC membrane module and the longer piece of tubing must be used on the TC membrane module Failure to do so wi...

Страница 149: ...the tubing if necessary 9 Close the top panel 10 Record the installation date for the pump tubing in the service log 11 Plug in the main power cord and turn the power switch on The analyzer will start initialization 12 Stop the analyzer and follow the procedures listed below to enter the installation date for the pump tubing in the CONSUMABLES menu Entering the Installation Dates for Reagents UV L...

Страница 150: ...re replaced When viewing the status of the Reagents UV Lamp and Pump Tubing press CLEAR to exit the menu without resetting the timers Oxidizer Reagent To enter the installation date for the oxidizer reagent supply 1 Use the arrows or to scroll to OXIDIZER Press ENTER to display the OXIDIZER INSTALLATION menu ENTER CLEAR INSTALL SET LEFT SET INSTALL DATE FIGURE 8 6 OXIDIZER INSTALLATION Menu 2 With...

Страница 151: ...cribed below 3 To change the INSTALL date to today s date press ENTER 4 If password protection is enabled the ENTER PASSWORD screen is displayed enter the password Otherwise go to step 5 ENTER CLEAR ENTER PASSWORD ENT SAVE CHAR PSWD CLR RESTART EXIT ARROWS CHANGE CHAR FIGURE 8 8 ENTER PASSWORD Screen 5 The display will change to the Oxidizer Status and Installation screen and display the new insta...

Страница 152: ...tructions to change the percent left 7 To change the installation date highlight SET INSTALL DATE and press ENTER Follow the on screen instructions to change the oxidizer installation date 8 Press CLEAR to return to the CONSUMABLES menu Acid Reagent 1 From the Consumables menu use the arrows or to scroll to ACID Press ENTER to display the ACID INSTALLATION menu ENTER CLEAR INSTALL SET LEFT FIGURE ...

Страница 153: ...screen to exit without changing the value 6 To change the percent left highlight SET LEFT and press ENTER Follow the on screen instructions to change the percent left 7 Press CLEAR to return to the CONSUMABLES menu Lamp The UV Lamp is monitored by a timer that counts down the hours from a beginning point of 4368 182 days x 24 hours The display will calculate the percentage of hours remaining To re...

Страница 154: ...ts for confirmation Press ENTER to reset the timer and return to the LAMP INSTALLATION menu Press CLEAR to exit without changing the timer 6 To change the percent left highlight SET LEFT and press ENTER Follow the on screen instructions to change the percent left 7 Press CLEAR to return to the CONSUMABLES menu Pump Tubing Pump Tubing is monitored by a timer that counts down the hours from a beginn...

Страница 155: ...ON Screen 3 To set the timer to zero press ENTER 4 If password protection is enabled the ENTER Password screen is displayed enter the password and press ENTER Otherwise go to step 5 5 The display changes to the TUBING Status and INSTALLATION screen and prompts for confirmation Press ENTER to reset the timer and return to the TUBING INSTALLATION screen Press CLEAR to exit without changing the timer...

Страница 156: ...ed to replenish the DI Reservoir must be deionized from a pure source This water may not be post RO water 1 Turn the power switch off on the left hand side of the analyzer and disconnect the power cord 2 Open the analyzer top panel by pushing back on the two black latches and lifting the panel upward The DI reservoir is the black plastic box with a valve and two fittings attached on top The valve ...

Страница 157: ...ly pushing into place Do not overtighten as the threads within the nut may be stripped 6 Close the top cover panel reconnect the power and turn the power switch on Cleaning the Analyzer If necessary you may clean the external housing of the analyzer with a damp cloth using water or other non abrasive cleaners Turn off power to the instrument and disconnect from mains power prior to cleaning Do not...

Страница 158: ... Tubing 12 months UV Lamp 12 months Oxidizer supply 12 months Acid supply 12 months Oxidizer supply 15 months Acid supply 15 months UV Lamp 18 months Oxidizer supply 18 months Acid supply 18 months Oxidizer supply 21 months Acid supply 21 months Pump Tubing 24 months UV Lamp 24 months Oxidizer supply 24 months Acid supply 24 months Oxidizer supply 27 months Acid supply 27 months UV Lamp 30 months ...

Страница 159: ...is changed per the six month schedule perform a verification of the calibration re calibration should not be necessary Calibration constants are used to account for the recovery of CO2 in the membrane module for the TC and IC channels Another factor the TC Zero Offset is used to match the response of the TC and IC CO2 sensors for low TOC deionized water The procedures described below allow for che...

Страница 160: ... flow rate selected with the S4 25 ppm Standard Preset NOTE For instrument firmware with the DataGuard feature enter a QA level or higher password when prompted Check with your system administrator for an appropriate password See the DataGuard Operation chapter for more information regarding the DataGuard feature Supplies for TC and IC Standards Ionics Instruments offers prepared standards STD 300...

Страница 161: ...trument before adjusting the TC zero offset If the instrument has been used for lower level TOC measurements TOC 50 ppb it is not necessary to clean the instrument as part of the recalibration Prior to performing any calibration procedure print the Constants List From the SETUP menu select PRINTER then PRINT CONSTANTS Retain this list for comparison after the calibration is finished To recalibrate...

Страница 162: ... in the RUNTIME menu and pressing ENTER Once in the MAIN menu select SETUP and press ENTER 3 Scroll to the UV LAMP option and press ENTER to display the SET UV LAMP STATE screen SET UV LAMP STATE ENTER CLEAR ENT SET CLR EXIT ARROWS TO CHANGE LAMP IS ON CHANGE TO OFF FIGURE 9 1 SET UV LAMP STATE Screen 4 Use the arrows or to select OFF and press ENTER to shut the lamp off 5 Press CLEAR to return to...

Страница 163: ...ration worksheet 12 Determine if the value is within the specified range of 0 1 TOC 0 1 and record on the worksheet If the value is within the range there is no need to change the TC Zero Offset proceed to Step Five If the value is outside of the range proceed with the TC Zero Offset procedure below Step 3 Enter new TC Zero Offset 1 Press CLEAR to return to the MAIN menu Scroll to CALIBRATE and pr...

Страница 164: ...en entering the value Scroll to the second digit or decimal point and press ENTER to save the entry Continue this process until all of the values for the new TC Zero Offset are entered TC ZERO CORRECTION 1 3250000 ENTER CLEAR ENT SAVE CHAR NUM CLR RESTART EXIT ARROWS CHANGE CHAR FIGURE 9 2 TC ZERO CORRECTION Screen 5 Pressing ENTER indicates entering the new TC Zero correction is complete 6 If the...

Страница 165: ...for the password press ENTER again to enter the password The display will change indicating the correct password has been input or that the password is incorrect and the password must be re entered 11 The display will show the TC Zero Correction screen with the new TC Zero Correction value displayed The program prompts for confirmation that this value is to be used Press ENTER to save the new TC Z...

Страница 166: ... ON press ENTER to set the state and press CLEAR twice to return to the MAIN menu TC Calibration Constant Use Ionics Instruments prepared standards or prepare calibration standards on site according to the procedure in Appendix E Step 1 Configure analyzer for standard measurements and measure reagent water blank 1 Perform a REAGENT FLUSH as described in the Installation chapter Select BOTH to flus...

Страница 167: ...er Press CLEAR to return to the GRAB SAMPLING SETUP menu 11 Use the arrows or to scroll to REJECTIONS and press ENTER 12 Set the number of Rejections to 7 Press ENTER to save the number Press CLEAR to return to the GRAB SAMPLING SETUP menu 13 Use the arrows or to scroll to REAGENTS and press ENTER 14 Select the ACID FLOW RATE option and enter 0 75 µL min Press ENTER to save the number and press EN...

Страница 168: ...on the worksheet 2 From the GRAB SAMPLING menu scroll to SETUP and press ENTER 3 Scroll to REAGENTS and press ENTER Scroll to ACID FLOW RATE and press ENTER Verify that the rate is set to 0 75 µL min Press CLEAR to return to the REAGENTS menu Scroll to OXIDIZER FLOW RATE and press ENTER Set the Oxidizer Flow Rate to 2 50 µL min or 2 0 µL min to determine which value is correct for the analyzer vie...

Страница 169: ... 3 and 25 9 ppm Calculate the upper and lower limits of the adjusted standard concentrations If the average value for the last three TC runs is within 3 of the TC concentration of the TC standard the TC channel of the analyzer is properly calibrated and no changes are necessary for the TC Calibration Constant If the average value for the last three TC runs is not within 3 of the TC concentration r...

Страница 170: ...d the concentration of the TC standard replace the oxidizer Step 3 Enter the new TC Calibration Constant After the average TC values have been recorded 1 From the GRAB SAMPLING menu use the arrows or to scroll to EXIT and press ENTER to display the MAIN menu 2 Scroll to CALIBRATE 3 Press ENTER to display the CALIBRATE menu IC CALIB CONSTANT ENTER CLEAR TC CALIB CONSTANT TC ZERO OFFSET FIGURE 9 4 C...

Страница 171: ... ENTER to save this value Press CLEAR to start again if a mistake has been made while entering 7 Scroll to the decimal point and press ENTER 8 Repeat this process to set and save the remaining values for the TC CALIBRATION CONST pressing ENTER each time to store the value Five significant figures e g 1 2416 are used for the calibration constants 9 Press ENTER to accept the new number 10 If the pas...

Страница 172: ...ed press ENTER again to enter the password The display will change indicating that the correct password has been entered or that the password is incorrect and needs to be re entered 14 The display will show the TC Calibration menu with the new TC Constant Correction value displayed The display prompts for confirmation ENTER CLEAR ARE YOU SURE ENT YES CLR ABORT TC CALIBRATION CONST 1 19810000 1 241...

Страница 173: ...Stack even if the Warning 42 is turned off 1 From the Main menu scroll to START TOC and press ENTER to display the GRAB SAMPLING menu 2 Scroll to SETUP and press ENTER 3 From the GRAB SAMPLE SETUP menu scroll to REAGENTS and press ENTER 4 Scroll to ACID FLOW RATE and press ENTER 5 Verify that the Acid Flow Rate is set to 0 75 µL min Press CLEAR to return to the REAGENTS menu 6 Scroll to OXIDIZER F...

Страница 174: ...ue on the Calibration Worksheet Additionally the CV relative standard deviation for the last three TC measurements of the IC standard should be less than 3 If this value is greater than 3 repeat the measurements of the IC standard The CV value appears on the analyzer s printout or can be calculated as follows Record the values on the Calibration Worksheet 3 Use the arrows or to scroll to EXIT and ...

Страница 175: ...ibration constant If the percentage difference is not within 3 determine the new IC channel constant as described below WARNING If the TC channel has just been recalibrated and there is a large difference 10 between the TC and IC values it is possible that the TC channel calibration is incorrect due to incomplete oxidation of the TC TOC standard Repeat the TC calibration procedure using a new TC T...

Страница 176: ...worksheet IC CALIBRATION CONST 1 19810000 ENTER CLEAR ENT SAVE CHAR NUM CLR RESTART EXIT ARROWS CHANGE CHAR FIGURE 9 9 IC CALIBRATION CONSTANT Screen 5 Compute the new IC calibration constant using the formula Average IC value from last three runs New IC CALIB CONST Initial IC CALIB CONST Average TC values from last three runs 6 Scroll to the first digit of the new IC CALIBRATION CONST and press E...

Страница 177: ...assword Once the password is entered or if the password protection is disabled the IC Calibration screen is displayed The program prompts for confirmation ENTER CLEAR ARE YOU SURE ENT YES CLR ABORT IC CALIBRATION CONST 1 19810000 1 2416 FIGURE 9 10 IC CALIBRATION CONSTANT Verification Screen 11 Press ENTER to confirm 12 The new IC calibration constant is now stored and the Calibration menu is disp...

Страница 178: ...the IC Calibration Constant procedure and record the values on the Verification Worksheet This completes the calibration of the instrument Use the following form to record the values of the new TC and IC Calibration Constants and the new TC Zero Offset Print the list of constants from the SETUP OUTPUTS PRINTER menu Reset the display to show TOC values under the SETUP OUTPUTS DISPLAY menu ...

Страница 179: ... CONSTANT TC ZERO OFFSET Date IC CALIB CONSTANT TC CALIB CONSTANT TC ZERO OFFSET Date IC CALIB CONSTANT TC CALIB CONSTANT TC ZERO OFFSET Date IC CALIB CONSTANT TC CALIB CONSTANT TC ZERO OFFSET Date IC CALIB CONSTANT TC CALIB CONSTANT TC ZERO OFFSET Date IC CALIB CONSTANT TC CALIB CONSTANT TC ZERO OFFSET ...

Страница 180: ...ial Offset Initial Offset Average TOC New Offset Verification TOC value TC Calibration Constant Blank TC Average Certified TOC Concentration of standard Adjusted Standard Concentration Measured TC Reading Average To Pass measured TC value for the TC TOC Standard must be within 3 of the adjusted concentration of the standard and the CV value must be less than 3 F Pass F Fail Standard Deviation Rela...

Страница 181: ...verage To pass the CV value for the measured TC of the IC Standard must be within 3 F Pass F Fail IC Reading Average difference 100 Average TC Average IC Average TC To pass the calculated difference between TC and IC for the IC Standard must be within 3 F Pass F Fail Calculation of New IC Calibration Constant if applicable Standard Deviation a set in Measurements of Number Average Result of Sum n ...

Страница 182: ...4 Page 9 24 DLM 30007 08 Rev A Initial IC Calibration Constant _______ Average IC value from last three runs New IC CALIB CONST Initial IC CALIB CONST Average TC values from last three runs New IC Calibration Constant ______ ...

Страница 183: ...must be within 3 of the adjusted concentration of the Standard and the CV value must be less than 3 F Pass F Fail Calculation of New TC Calibration Constant if applicable Initial TC Calibration Constant Average TC value from last three runs New TC CALIB CONST Initial TC CALIB CONST Standard TOC Conc Blank Average New TC Calibration Constant Standard Deviation Relative Standard Deviation CV a set i...

Страница 184: ...e IC and TC values for the IC Standard must be within 3 F Pass F Fail Calculation of New IC Calibration Constant if applicable Initial IC Calibration Constant _______ Average IC value from last three runs New IC CALIB CONST Initial IC CALIB CONST Average TC values from last three runs New IC Calibration Constant Standard Deviation a set in Measurements of Number Average Result of Sum n ξ x 1 2 Dev...

Страница 185: ...w the error stack A Maintenance level or higher password is required for performing most diagnostic tests a QA level or higher password is required for performing the 4 20mA test Check with your system administrator for an appropriate password See the DataGuard Operation chapter for more information regarding the DataGuard feature An internal microprocessor monitors the analyzer s operation If a p...

Страница 186: ...e listing of possible error messages is given in Table 10 If no errors have occurred selecting the error stack will display the message NO ERRORS RECORDED There are two levels of messages ERRORS are the most serious and generally will stop TOC measurements and may display a fatal error message Corrective action must be taken before the analyzer can resume normal operation however pressing any key ...

Страница 187: ... value in high range W 22 A to D input has exceeded maximum value in low range W 23 A to D input is less than minimum value in low range W 24 A to D readings are unstable in cell 1 W 25 A to D readings are unstable in cell 2 W 26 RAM card indicates that write protect switch is enabled unable to write W 27 RAM card has been filled with data old data will now be overwritten W 28 RAM card checksum er...

Страница 188: ...lyzer on line or off line with the cap removed from the DI water reservoir will remove the bubble and eliminate the error message Otherwise contact Ionics Instruments Errors 9 10 There are problems with the conductivity electronics or cell or a gas bubble in the conductivity cells see Warning 7 Warning 11 Divide by zero error or other calculation error due to electronics problem contact Ionics Ins...

Страница 189: ...rd reader Replace the RAM card and if the error continues contact Ionics Instruments Warnings 29 30 The RAM card battery is running low or is dead The data stored on the card may be lost if the card is removed from the analyzer and wait before downloading the data While the card is in the analyzer use the RS 232 to download the data the data may also be downloaded via a RAM card reader if the card...

Страница 190: ...at actions were being performed when this error occurred and contact Ionics Instruments Error 38 The full and empty positions of the syringe pumps have been recalibrated This error is reported if the analyzer calibrates the syringes at times other than power up Unless this error occurs frequently no action is required If this error is frequent Contact Ionics Instruments for instructions Error 39 T...

Страница 191: ...thout authorization If an ERROR is detected a fatal error message will be displayed FATAL ERROR 32 HAS OCCURRED MACHINE IS HALTED PRESS ANY KEY AND CORRECT ERROR ENTER CLEAR FIGURE 10 1 Fatal Error Screen Correct the error before the analyzer will operate If a fatal error occurs 1 Record the error number then press any key to clear the screen 2 From the Main menu scroll to ERRORS and press ENTER 3...

Страница 192: ...ED WATER W12 W13 FIGURE 10 2 TOC Measurement Screen with Error Messages The numbers for the last two warnings are displayed in the upper left hand corner of the screen In this example the acid and oxidant reagents need to be replaced soon To get information on the warnings and corrective actions 1 Press ENTER to switch to the RUNTIME menu 2 Scroll to ERRORS and press ENTER 3 Scroll to the desired ...

Страница 193: ...TUP and press ENTER The SETUP menu is displayed 2 Use the arrows or to scroll to PRINTER and press ENTER The PRINTER SETUP menu is displayed PRINT CONSTANTS ENTER CLEAR PRINTER COLUMNS PRINT INTERVAL PRINT ERROR LIST FIGURE 10 3 PRINTER SETUP Menu 3 Make sure the printer is turned on has paper and is in the on line mode 4 Use the arrows or to scroll to PRINT ERROR LIST and press ENTER The error li...

Страница 194: ...ge protector There are two fuses in the analyzer a main power fuse and a power supply fuse To check the main fuse 1 Unplug the power cord from the left hand side of the analyzer 2 Use a small screw driver to pry open the AC inlet adapter located on the left hand side of the analyzer see Figure 10 4 3 Remove the fuse from the holder and replace if necessary Analyzer Voltage Replacement Fuse Type 10...

Страница 195: ...the Analyzer If the 60 µm stainless steel in line filter for on line sampling is clogged or the 1 16 OD Teflon inlet or outlet lines for grab sampling are overtightened and have collapsed or the sample sampling pump is not operating then no sample will flow through the analyzer While the analyzer is operating open the top cover and make sure the sample pump is turning WARNING To avoid potentially ...

Страница 196: ... in the region of the ferrule If the ferrule has compressed the tubing excessively or if it is completely closed the tubing will need to be cut Then install a new 1 16 Valco ferrule or replace the tubing Replacement ferrules and tubing are available from Ionics Instruments Grab Sampling The 1 16 OD inlet line may be clogged or the inlet or outlet tubing may have been overtightened and has collapse...

Страница 197: ...tes the problem For non deionized water check the pH of the sample stream using the pH paper supplied with the analyzer To check the pH of the stream locate the sample outlet line on the right hand side of the analyzer If the outlet line is accessible measure the pH as described below If the outlet line is connected to the sample inlet block waste connection the outlet line must be removed from th...

Страница 198: ...al and error is required for adjusting the oxidizer flow rate One procedure is to reduce the flow rate in 0 5 µL min increments wait approximately 20 min and check whether the gas bubbles in the analyzer outlet line have disappeared If the bubbles persist decrease the oxidizer flow an additional 0 5 µL min repeating this procedure until readings are stable Oxidizer Flow Rate Too Low For water samp...

Страница 199: ... FLUSH option from the REAGENTS menu and flush both syringes Since the analyzer calculates TOC from the difference between total carbon and inorganic carbon erratic readings or even negative values of TOC can be observed in water samples containing high levels of inorganic carbon This is often the case for ground water samples some municipal water supplies and permeate from reverse osmosis systems...

Страница 200: ...r than 10 times the TOC value refer to the previous discussion concerning IC concentration greater than TOC If the reading appears to have drifted by 5 ppb or 10 ppb at the most recalibrate the TC Zero Offset If the drift is greater than 10 ppb check the TC and IC calibration before recalibrating the TC Zero Follow the procedures in the Calibration chapter to calibrate the TC Zero Offset Before ma...

Страница 201: ...e error would be 1 ppm from 20 000 ppb x 05 1000 ppb The 800 can indicate that the IC level is high relative to the TOC by illuminating W42 on the display Warning 42 notifies the user that the ratio of IC TOC is greater than 10 1 and that the accuracy of the TOC measurements may be compromised Since the accuracy error is directly proportional to the amount of IC in a sample it is recommended that ...

Страница 202: ...s TC ZERO OFFSET If it has been determined by an Ionics Instruments Service Representative to make an adjustment to the TC zero offset perform the following Note Be sure to record all TC zero offset adjustments and communicate the history to the Ionics Instruments Service Representative assisting you If you have made more than two adjustments to the TC zero offset in the last six months there may ...

Страница 203: ...r 1 2 hours TOC should be close to zero PPB if not repeat Steps 7 10 If the absolute values of the new TC Zero Offset is greater than 50 ppb contact an Ionics Instruments Service Representative before inputting the new TC Zero Offset value Diagnostic Testing The analyzer has the ability to perform several diagnostics tests These tests should only be run with the direction of an Ionics Instruments ...

Страница 204: ...he tests ENTER CLEAR SET DEAD VOLUME TEST SERVO TEST SYRINGE LIFETIME STATS FIGURE 10 7 MECHANICAL Menu The SET DEAD VOLUME option is only used after the replacement of the syringe pump or any of its components TEST SERVO determines the functionality of the Servo Motor TEST SYRINGE tests the syringe for reliability LIFETIME STATS provides information for the Ionics Instruments Service Technician R...

Страница 205: ...low rate of 0 and pressing ENTER three times Press CLEAR to return to the FLOW RATES screen 4 Set the oxidizer flow rate to 0 by selecting OXID FLOW RATE entering a flow rate of 0 and pressing ENTER three times Press CLEAR to return to the FLOW RATES screen 5 Press CLEAR three times to return to the MAIN menu scroll to START TOC and press ENTER 6 The analyzer will empty the Acid and Oxidizer syrin...

Страница 206: ...re by removing the two thumb screws located at the back of the enclosure and lifting the cover c Locate the acid supply the container on the left hand side and remove it from the enclosure by lifting up on the front of the container the end opposite the Mininert valve pulling the container out of the enclosure while sliding the valve out from under the tubing and stainless steel cross d Close the ...

Страница 207: ...and the brown nut and unscrewing the container counterclockwise while holding the brown knurled nut Turning the container rather than the nut will prevent the tubing from twisting i Store the reagent containers in a refrigerator j Place a paper towel or Kimwipe around the acid and oxidant inlet line to absorb any liquid k Replace the top cover on the reagent enclosure and secure with the two thumb...

Страница 208: ...orts on the front and back side of the analyzer These supports have cut outs for the analyzer feet and handle and should fit securely on the analyzer For the front panel position the analyzer handle towards the top of the analyzer so that it fits in the cut out on the plastic support 5 Place the analyzer in the shipping box Place the brown cardboard spacer on top of the analyzer and secure the box...

Страница 209: ...Ionics Instruments 2004 Page 10 1 DLM 30007 08 Rev A ...

Страница 210: ...ct the appropriate driver and follow the instructions It is recommended to use an external card reader device instead of the incorporated PCMCIA slots on laptop computers NOTE Data from the RAM card is transferred via one of the parallel printer ports If both ports are being used or there is only one printer port disconnect the printer cable in order to transfer data For convenience a printer swit...

Страница 211: ...hite with black trim that extends out of the circuit board to the left of the CO2 sensors see Figure 11 1 Remove the RAM card by pulling it straight up out of the socket WARNING Removing the RAM card requires access to the inside of the instrument Disconnect the power cord before opening the instrument s top panel and removing the card Removing the card with the power on will damage the instrument...

Страница 212: ...Hold the card with the label facing down and insert the RAM card into the reader In the proper orientation the write protect switch on the card and the single tab groove will be located on the front left hand side of the card as it is inserted into the reader see Figure 11 3 Press the card firmly into the reader The pins slide into the card connector If the card is installed upside down the pins w...

Страница 213: ...a card 1 Disable card write protection by following the instructions included with the RAM card To allow the card to be written to slide the black tab to the LOCK position see Figure 11 2 2 Make sure the power to the analyzer is off and the power cord is disconnected 3 Hold the card so that the double tab groove on the bottom of the card see Figure 11 3 is facing towards the front of the analyzer ...

Страница 214: ...nalyzer for an extended period RAM Card Battery Maintenance When the RAM card is removed from the analyzer an internal battery provides the power to maintain the data As indicated in Table 9 the battery must be replaced to retain data on the card if the card is in the analyzer and the battery is low Error Message 29 will be displayed at power up when it is time to change the battery Replacement ba...

Страница 215: ...ard WARNING Dispose of used battery according to local regulations Downloading the RAM Card Data NOTE Sending commands to the instrument via the RS 232 port requires a password See the DataGuard Operation chapter for more information regarding the DataGuard feature To download the data from the RAM Card using the GD get data command This command can be used in any sample mode on line grab or multi...

Страница 216: ...used GDYYMMDD space HH MM space YYMMDD space HH MM enter The backspace or delete key cannot be used to correct mistakes If a mistake is made simply hit the enter key and retype the command If the format is not correct the analyzer will respond with IV invalid command or an ER error For a valid command such as gd950808 13 37 950808 14 01 the analyzer will respond with CHANNEL NAMES STRM NAME 1 STRM...

Страница 217: ...14 1B 30 9BT1 Tubes autosampler 95080814 01 12 1B 26 1BS1 Multistream number one in this case 95080814 09 12 9M 29 3M F Turbo For this example the first sample data is from August 8 1995 at 1 37pm the TOC was 22 8 ppb and the IC was 55 2 ppb The sample mode is blank designating on line measurements Successive measurements are list on new lines An example of the reply for the grab sample mode is 95...

Страница 218: ...Ionics Instruments 2004 Page 11 9 DLM 30007 08 Rev A ...

Страница 219: ...ftware is two sets of calibration constants one for 50Hz and one for 60 Hz The analyzer was calibrated at the factory for the appropriate frequency or in some cases for both frequencies The following discussion applies to dual frequency units NOTE For instrument firmware with the DataGuard feature enter a QA level or higher password when prompted Check with your system administrator for an appropr...

Страница 220: ...he arrows or to select the AC power supply frequency at the location 4 Press ENTER to set the frequency and then press CLEAR to return to the SETUP menu WARNING The correct frequency must be selected for the AC power supply or the TOC measurements will be in error Selecting the frequency determines which set of calibration constants will be used for calculating TOC TC and IC Calibration When the a...

Страница 221: ...ATION menu is then displayed The procedures for calibrating the instrument are the same as described in the Calibration chapter As a reminder that the calibration constants are dependent on the AC frequency the CALIBRATION CONSTANT menu will display the frequency as shown in Figure A 4 for the TC Calibration Constant TC CALIBRATION CONST 1 19810000 ENTER CLEAR ENT SAVE CHAR NUM CLR RESTART EXIT AR...

Страница 222: ... regarding the DataGuard feature The SETUP menu for the 820 and 820AS analyzer has an option 50 60 Hz for selecting the operating frequency Only one setting is used Do not change the setting from the factory configuration To view and verify the frequency setting 1 Select SETUP from the MAIN menu 2 Use the arrows or to scroll to 50 60 Hz and press ENTER The operating Frequency menu is displayed sho...

Страница 223: ...tion is in addition to the information in the Installation chapter Printer and cable optional use CE mark or CISPR class B approved printer printer cable must be properly shielded IBM compatible computer optional use CE mark or CISPR class B approved computer RS 232 cable needs to be shielded Printer Cable The 820 820AS analyzer has a 25 pin parallel Centronics printer port for the direct output o...

Страница 224: ...RMINAL STRIP Power ON OFF SWITCH ALARM 1 ALARM 2 4 20 mA V OUT PARALLEL PRINTER PORT AUX PORT RS 232 PORT NC CO NO NC COM NO POS NEG 10V IV V FIGURE B 2 Output Connectors Configuration Pin 7 is changed from not used to chassis ground for the 820 820AS models ...

Страница 225: ...odel number This mode is useful for monitoring recycle or reclaim water in semiconductor facilities where rapid response is of primary concern When operated in the Turbo mode the analyzer responds to a step change with an initial response in 3 minutes and 90 of the final value in 3 5 minutes Results are reported every 3 to 4 seconds NOTE During a reagent syringe refill there is a 3 to 4 minute del...

Страница 226: ...g Turbo Sampling Model The SAMPLE MODE menu for a Sievers 800 Series Turbo analyzer contains an option to select fast sampling To set TURBO SAMPLING mode 1 Select SETUP from the MAIN menu 2 Use the arrows or to scroll to SAMPLE MODE and press ENTER 3 Use the arrows or to scroll to highlight TURBO SAMPLING FIGURE C 2 SAMPLE MODE Menu 4 Press ENTER to change the current mode to TURBO ONLINE SAMPLING...

Страница 227: ...uld be only as follows Acid 2 0 µl min Oxid 0 5 µl min These flow rates are optimized for operation from 10 2500 ppb TOC The REAGENTS menu for the Sievers 800 Series Turbo analyzer contains an option to select reagent flow rates for fast sampling To set TURBO flow rates 1 Select SETUP from the MAIN menu 2 Use the arrows or to scroll to REAGENTS and press ENTER ONLINE SAMPLING GRAB SAMPLING ENT SEL...

Страница 228: ... Series Turbo TOC Analyzer 4 Press ENTER to display the FLOW RATES menu FIGURE C 5 FLOW RATES Menu for 800 Series Turbo TOC Analyzer ENTER flow rates as described in the INSTALLATION and OPERATION chapters GRAB FLOW RATES ONLINE FLOW RATES REAGENT FLUSH ENT SELECT CLR EXIT TURBO FLOW RATES CLEAR ENTER OXID FLOW RATE ACID FLOW RATE CLEAR ENTER ...

Страница 229: ...splay will read TOC Active An alarm will respond when the TOC measurements are interrupted Calibration in Turbo Sampling Mode Calibration of Turbo mode is similar to calibration in the normal operating modes Before attempting to calibrate the analyzer in TURBO SAMPLING MODE review the Calibration chapter Differences in the specific calibration procedures are provided below NOTE The calibration con...

Страница 230: ...lt value of 0 0 To verify the TURBO TC ZERO OFFSET access the TURBO TOC CALIB menu The CALIBRATE MODE menu for a Sievers 800 Series Turbo analyzer contains an option to select Turbo calibration values 1 Select CALIBRATE from the MAIN menu 2 Use the arrows or to scroll to TURBO TOC CALIB and press ENTER FIGURE C 6 CALIBRATE Menu for 800 Series Turbo TOC Analyzer 3 Use the arrows or to scroll to TC ...

Страница 231: ... used to prepare standards as instructed in the calibration chapter Once the readings have stabilized stop the analyzer by pressing ENTER and selecting STOP TOC Use HISTORY to view the data then average the last five TC values to determine an accurate TC value for the water Prepare a nominal 2 ppm KHP standard instead of the 25 ppm standard indicated in the calibration chapter This may easily be a...

Страница 232: ...m Na2CO3 standard instead of the 25 ppm standard indicated in the Calibration chapter This may easily be accomplished by preparing the stock solution in a 250 mL volumetric flask rather than a 100 mL flask This will produce a nominal 200 ppm stock when 0 441 grams of Na2CO3 are used to prepare the stock Make the dilute 2 ppm standard by transferring 10 mL of the 200 ppm stock with a calibrated pip...

Страница 233: ...ettings are displayed as follows ALARM OFF ALARM ON ERROR TOC ABOVE TC ABOVE IC ABOVE OFF LINE ALARM Follow the directions in the Installation chapter for the setup and wiring of alarms Accuracy Specifications When operated in Turbo mode the analyzer has the following accuracy specifications 2 0 ppm 5 200 ppb 15 Precision is 3 at all levels ...

Страница 234: ...llow these instructions except skip the firmware installation steps The materials and tools needed for this procedure are 7 16 open end or adjustable wrench open end wrench Flat head screwdriver Phillips head screwdriver Scriber Teflon tape WARNINGS A 60 micron filter must be used to ensure proper operation of the flow switch Do not overtighten any fitting Switch orientation should be no more than...

Страница 235: ...e bottom of the mounting bracket making sure not to lose the fiber spacers 3 Remove the elbow from the outlet side of the regulator and clean the port and connector threads of any Teflon tape that remains Reapply 4 wraps of Teflon tape to the elbow and screw the fitting back into the regulator ending with the tube fitting pointing down as shown 4 Reinstall the regulator to the analyzer with the tw...

Страница 236: ... a calibrated normally open switch 7 Secure the PFA tube from the outlet of the switch to the inlet of the sampling block 8 Connect the wires from the flow switch to the Binary Input Module polarity is not important to the binary module 9 Route the electrical cable as desired and plug the end into the AUX PORT on the opposite side of the analyzer FIGURE D 2 Installed Flow Switch ...

Страница 237: ...pending on the type of chip holder in the analyzer different techniques are required to replace the existing EEPROM with the EEPROM labeled 2 11 CBI or later Facing the analyzer s front panel locate the IC socket on the left side of the main electronics board near the rear of the analyzer If the chip socket has a metal lever at the top it is a Zero Insertion Force socket If the chip socket does no...

Страница 238: ...upgrade IC chip from the packaging tap your hand to the metal case of the analyzer again Remove the new IC chip from ESD protected package To install the upgrade IC chip in the socket locate the notch on the chip and ensure that the notch is pointed down Align the pins to the socket openings and insert the IC chip in the socket While pressing on the IC chip push the locking lever to the locked pos...

Страница 239: ...rd and the keyed carrier for holding the IC chip refer to lower left corner of Figure D 3 Note The keyed carrier will only go in the socket in one direction To remove the existing chip ground yourself by tapping your hand to the metal surface on the analyzer Place the supplied tool at a right angle on the lower tab of the socket Place your finger on the upper tab Apply even force to pull the chip ...

Страница 240: ... the location of the notch of the existing chip and remove it from the carrier Replace it with the upgrade chip ensuring that the orientation of the notch is the same Align the key of the assembly with the key position of the socket and gently press the IC chip and carrier assembly into the PC board socket until fully inserted A fully inserted assembly will be flush with the socket housing on both...

Страница 241: ...l inputs 1 Connect the flow switch to the provided terminal block on the Binary Switch Module located on the Auxiliary Port which is on the left side of the analyzer 2 Use a continuous closure contact system only Applying voltage to the Binary Switch Module may damage the analyzer 3 Use either opening in the Binary Switch Module There is no polarity on the terminal block To setup the analyzer for ...

Страница 242: ...TPUTS FIGURE D 5 SETUP Menu 3 Scroll with the arrows or to select INPUTS and press ENTER ENABLE DISABLE SET POLARITY ENTER CLEAR FIGURE D 6 INPUTS Screen 4 Select ENABLE DISABLE and press ENTER DIGITAL INPUT CONTROL CONTROL IS OFF ENTER CLEAR ARROWS TO CHANGE ON CLR EXIT CHANGE TO ENT SET FIGURE D 7 DIGITAL INPUT CONTROL Screen ...

Страница 243: ...E SET POLARITY ENTER CLEAR FIGURE D 8 INPUTS Screen 6 Select SET POLARITY by using the arrows or and pressing ENTER The DIGITAL INP POLARITY screen is displayed DIGITAL INP POLARITY RUN WHEN CLOSED ENTER CLEAR ARROWS TO CHANGE OPENED CLR EXIT CHANGE TO ENT SET FIGURE D 9 DIGITAL INP POLARITY Screen 7 The DIGITAL INP POLARITY is either in an OPENED or CLOSED condition To change this condition press...

Страница 244: ...eturn to the INPUTS menu 8 Press CLEAR to return to the MAIN menu The analyzer will function as described in this manual When the switch is activated no flow and the binary digital signal is received the analyzer will convert to a PAUSED mode noted on the MEASUREMENT DISPLAY screen Analysis will automatically restart when the switch is deactivated flow resumes ...

Страница 245: ... mL volumetric pipet A drying oven A desiccator for storing anhydrous reagents If a laboratory source of low TOC water is not available most commercial HLPC Grade water has TOC 100 ppb NOTE The KHP and Na2CO3 need to be dried for 2 3 hours at 110 C 230 F before preparing the standard solutions NOTE For instrument firmware with the DataGuard feature enter a QA level or higher password when prompted...

Страница 246: ...e OXIDIZER reagent cartridges 3 From the MAIN menu scroll to SETUP and press ENTER 4 Use the arrows or to scroll to OUTPUTS and press ENTER 5 From the OUTPUTS menu use the arrows or to scroll to DISPLAY and press ENTER 6 From the SET DISPLAY menu use the arrows or to select TC and press ENTER to save this setting Press CLEAR three times to return to the MAIN menu 7 Use the arrows or to scroll to S...

Страница 247: ...of Rejections to 7 and press ENTER to save the number Press CLEAR to return to the GRAB SAMPLE SETUP menu 13 Use the arrows or to scroll to REAGENTS and press ENTER 14 Select the ACID FLOW RATE option and enter 0 75 µL min Press ENTER to save the number and press CLEAR to return to the Reagents menu 15 Use the arrows or to scroll to Oxidizer Flow rate and enter 0 75 µL min Press ENTER to save the ...

Страница 248: ...lyzer will make exactly 10 measurements When the measurements are finished the average TC value and relative standard deviation for the last three measurements will be shown on the LCD display 21 Record the average value from the last three TC measurements as shown on the analyzer display If the value displayed is in ppb convert to ppm by dividing the ppb value by 1000 Average TC value from last t...

Страница 249: ...C value of standard calculated in step 2 TC value of water used to prepare standard in step 1 or TOC value copied from the vial or TC value measured from the Reagent Water vial Conc of dilute TC standard ppm C ____________________________ Use the dilute TC standard immediately The stock TC standard may be stored in a sealed dark bottle under refrigeration for 1 week Preparation of the IC Calibrati...

Страница 250: ...Ionics Instruments 2004 Page E 6 DLM 30007 08 Rev A TOC deionized water Calculate and record the concentration of the resulting stock IC standard 500 ppm using the formula below ...

Страница 251: ...tandard 25 ppm C using the formula Concentration of Conc of stock IC standard 0 05 dilute IC standard Conc of dilute IC standard ppm C ___________________________ If using Ionics Instruments prepared standard the concentration value is on the vial WARNING Measure the dilute IC standard immediately after preparation If exposed to air for more than an hour the standard will absorb atmospheric CO2 an...

Страница 252: ...Ionics Instruments 2004 Page E 8 DLM 30007 08 Rev A ...

Страница 253: ...ne Rw Reagent Water Control STD 30006 one Rs Standard Solution STD 30004 and one Rss System Suitability Solution STD 30008 STD 31007 System Suitability Standard Set Autosampler includes two Rw Reagent Water Controls STD 30006 two Rs Standard Solutions STD 30004 and two Rss System Suitability Solutions STD 30008 STD 31008 Low Concentration Precision Standard Set Autosampler includes two Rw Reagent ...

Страница 254: ...agent Water Control Standard Reagent Water 40 ml use with STD 30004 or STD 30008 STD 30007 TOC Standard Blank Reagent Water 40 ml use with STD 30005 STD 30008 Rss System Suitability Solution 500 µg C L as USP Benzoquinone 40 ml Firmware Software ASK 31003 Upgrade DataPro DataGuard 2 07 ASK 30004 Upgrade Multi Stream 3 15 CMS ASK 30008 Upgrade 3 52CAS ASK 30009 Upgrade Binary Input 2 11 CBI ASK 300...

Страница 255: ...ream Sampler 230V UK Ireland PRD 38423 Multistream Sampler 230V Australia EMC 05120 RAM Card 512K EMC 10240 RAM Card 1024K EMC 20000 RAM Card 2048K DLM 31001 DataPro Autosampler Software Manual DLM 31004 DataPro DataGuard Autosampler Software Manual DVL 30010 Validation Software Package Volume I DVL 30001 Validation Software Package Volume II ...

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