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B.1.2

Motherboard sockets, IDE cable, power cable

There are two slots on the motherboard to which the hard disks can be connected:

primary IDE

and

secondary IDE

Hard disks with an IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) interface are connected to the

motherboard via a 40- or 80-thread flat marked cable: one of the threads of the

cable is red.
Two IDE hard disks can be connected to each of the sockets, i.e. there can be up to

four hard disks of this type installed in the PC. (There are three plugs on each IDE

cable: two for hard disks and one for the motherboard socket.)
As noted, IDE cable plugs are usually designed so that there is only one way to

connect them to the sockets. Usually, one of the pinholes is filled on the cable plug,

and one of the pins facing the filled hole is removed from the motherboard socket,

so it becomes impossible to plug the cable in the wrong way.
In other cases, there is a jut on the plug on the cable, and an indentation in the

socket of the hard disk and of the motherboard. This also ensures that there is only

one way to connect the hard disk and the motherboard.
In the past, this design of plug did not exist, so there was an empirical rule:

the

IDE cable is connected to the hard disk socket so that the marked thread

is the closest to the power cable

, i.e. the marked thread connected to pin #1 of

the socket. A similar rule was used for connecting cables with the motherboard.
Incorrect connection of the cable with either the hard disk or the motherboard does

not necessarily damage the electronics of the disk or the motherboard. The hard

disk is simply not detected or initialized by BIOS.

There are some models of hard disks, especially the older ones, for which incorrect
connection damaged the electronics of the drive.

We will not describe all the types of hard disks. Currently the most widespread are those
with IDE or SCSI interfaces. Unlike IDE hard disks, there can be from six to 14 SCSI hard
disks installed in your PC. However, you need a special SCSI controller (called a host

adapter) to connect them. SCSI hard disks are not usually used in personal computers
(workstations), but are found mostly in servers.

Aside from an IDE cable, a four-thread power cable must be connected to the hard

disks. There is only one way to plug in this cable.

B.1.3

Configuring hard disk drives, jumpers

A hard disk drive can be configured in a computer as

master

or as

slave

. The

configuring is done using special connectors (called jumpers) on the hard disk drive.
The jumpers are either located on the electronic board of the hard disk or a special

socket that provides for the connection of the hard disk and the motherboard.
There is usually a sticker on the drive that explains the markings. Typical markings

are

and

Each jumper position corresponds to one hard disk(s) installation mode:

– master/factory default