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Glossary of Terms 275
Term Definition
ISP See Internet Service Provider.
LAWN (Local Area Wireless Network) A type of Local Area Network that uses high-frequency
radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes. Also referred to as
WLAN. See also, Node.
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) Directories containing information such as
names, phone numbers, and addresses are often stored on a variety of incompatible
systems. LDAP provides a simple protocol that allows you to access and search these
disparate directories over the Internet. LDAP is commonly used for online billing
applications.
MAC Address (Media Access Control) The hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a
network. In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) layer of the OSI Reference
Model is divided into two sub layers – the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the
Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network
media. Consequently, each type of network media requires a different MAC layer. On
networks that do not conform to the IEEE 802 standards but do conform to the OSI
Reference Model, the node address is called the Data Link Control (DLC) address.
Mbps (Megabits per second) A standard measure for data transmission speeds (for example,
the rate at which information travels over the Internet). 1 Mbps denotes one million bits
per second. Several factors can influence how quickly data travels, including modem
speed, bandwidth capacity, and Internet traffic levels at the time of transmission. Not to
be confused with MegaBytes per second (MBps). See also, Throughput.
MIB (Management Information Base) A set of parameters an SNMP management station can
query or establish in the SNMP agent of a network device (for example, a router).
Standard minimal MIBs have been defined, and vendors often have their own private
enterprise MIBs. In theory, any SNMP manager can talk to any SNMP agent with a
properly defined MIB. See also, SNMP.
Misconfigured
User A Nomadix, Inc. term used to describe users who have IP address configurations that
are different from the current network. For example, if the current network is
123.45.67.89 but the user’s IP address is 10.10.10.15, then this user is considered to be
“misconfigured.”
NAT (Network Address Translation) An Internet standard that enables a Local Area Network
(LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a second set of IP addresses
for external traffic. A NAT box located where the LAN meets the Internet performs all
the necessary IP address translations. NAT provides a type of firewall by hiding its
internal IP addresses. Additionally, NAT enables companies to use more internal IP
addresses (because the addresses are only used internally and there’s no possibility of
conflicting with IP addresses used by other companies). NAT also allows companies to
combine multiple ISDN connections into a single Internet connection. See also, ISDN.
Node An addressable point on a network. A node can connect a computer system, a terminal,
or various peripheral devices to the network. Each node on a network has a distinct
name. On the Internet, a node is a host computer with a unique domain name and IP
address. See also, Domain Name and IP Address.
NTP (Network Time Protocol) An Internet standard protocol (built on top of TCP/IP) that
assures accurate synchronization (to the millisecond) of computer clock times in a
network of computers. Based on UTC, NTP synchronizes client workstation clocks to the
U.S. Naval Observatory master clocks. Running as a continuous background client