Lamborghini Caloreclima GASTER N 67 AW, Инструкция по использованию, установке и обслуживанию

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GASTER N 67 ÷ 107 AW
31 RU
cod. 3541A180 - 03/2011 (Rev. 00)
3. ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ
3.1
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
B
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ , ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ .
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɤ
ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ / ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ƚȼɋ , ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
.
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ ɄɈɌɅȺ ȾɈɅɀɇȺ ɈɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɅəɌɖɋə ɌɈɅɖɄɈ ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɆ
ɉȿɊɋɈɇȺɅɈɆ
, ɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ ɉɊɈȼȿɊȿɇɇɍɘ ɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ , ɉɊɂ ɋɈȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɂ
ɉɊɂȼȿȾȿɇɇɕɏ ȼ ɇȺɋɌɈəɓȿɆ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɃ ,
ȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ ɁȺɄɈɇɈȼ ɂ ɉɊȿȾɉɂɋȺɇɂɃ ɆȿɋɌɇɕɏ ɇɈɊɆ , ȼ ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂɂ ɋ
ɉɊɂɇəɌɕɆɂ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂəɆɂ .
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɥɸɞɹɦ
,
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ
,
ɡɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
.
3.2 Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɬɥɚɦ ɫ
"
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
".
Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
,
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
(
ɨɤɫɢɞɵ
),
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
.
ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɵɥɶ , ɨɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ . ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɸ .
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
.
3.3 Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ , ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɟ , ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ . Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ .
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɦɟɲɤɢ
,
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɧɵ
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɢɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ , ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ .
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ
20 °C.
B
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ .
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɨɦ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ , ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ .
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦ
,
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
. 11.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ , ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ .
B
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɚɤ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɭɛɵ
,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
,
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ
.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ , ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 25° Fr, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ , ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ , ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ . ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ , ɱɬɨ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ .
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
(
ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ
)
ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɤɭɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɥɢɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
,
ɧɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ
.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɣ
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
1
ɛɚɪ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ
(
ɢɡ
-
ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɝɚɡɨɜ
)
ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ
,
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
1,5 - 2
ɛɚɪ
.
3.4 ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ
B
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
,
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
Ƚɚɡ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɭ ( ɫɦ . ɪɢɫ . 11) ɫ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ , ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ
ɲɥɚɧɝɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɟɬɤɨɣ . Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɢ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ . ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ .
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ
, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɥɚ , ɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ , ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɢ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ; ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɭɛɵ
.
B
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
.
3.5
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ
230
ȼ
- 50
Ƚɰ
.
B
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ , ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ i ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ , ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ . ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ . ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɭɳɟɪɛ , ɦɨɝɭɳɢɣ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ .
ɍɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ , ɱɬɨ ȼɚɲɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ , ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ , ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ , ɱɬɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ȼɚɲɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ .
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɴɟɦɨɦ
,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ
sez. 5.5).
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ ɬɪɟɯɠɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
.
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ
ɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ
,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ
3
ɦɦ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɚɤɫ
.
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɦ
3A.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɎȺɁȺ
:
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
/
ɇȿɃɌɊȺɅɖ
:
ɫɢɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
/
ɁȿɆɅə
:
ɠɟɥɬɨ
-
ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ
.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
,
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
. 2.
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
"
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
".
ɪɢɫ
. 2 -
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
A
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ
2
ɫɚɦɨɧɚɪɟɡɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
B
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ
,
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ
;
ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɵɲɤɭ
,
ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɜ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ
.
C
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɥɢɬɤɢ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
.
D
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ
.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ,
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ , ɪɟɥɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ , ɤɨɥɛɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɬ . ɞ ., ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ
ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40 ɫɦ . ɨɬ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ( ɫɦ .
ɪɢɫ . 3).
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
A
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
B
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
C
ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
40
ɫɦ
ɪɢɫ . 3 - ɉɨɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ
A
B
C