GASTER N 67 ÷ 107 AW
30
RU
cod. 3541A180 - 03/2011 (Rev. 00)
RU
1.
ɈȻɓɂȿ ɍɄȺɁȺɇɂʇ ɉɈ ɌȿɏɇɂɄȿ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
•
ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
.
•
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɟɦɭ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
;
ɨɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ
.
•
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ
.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ
-
ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɧɚ ɨɩɥɨɦɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ
.
•
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɳɟɪɛɭ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
.
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ
ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ
,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ
.
•
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɛɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
.
•
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
,
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ȼ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ
.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ
-
ɡɚɦɟɧɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɟɣ
.
ɇɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
.
•
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
.
Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɩɪɨɱɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ
,
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
.
•
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
,
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɹɦ
.
•
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɸɬ
ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɟ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɬ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
.
2.
ɆɈɇɌȺɀ
2.1
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ
ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ
,
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɦ ȼɚɫ ɡɚ ɬɨ
,
ɱɬɨ ȼɵ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ
GASTER N 67
ɱ
107 AW
ɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ
,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
,
LAMBORGHINI
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ
ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɚɚɜɨɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɪɨɫɢɦ ȼɚɫ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɢ
ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ
.
GASTER N 67
ɱ
107 AW
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ
NOx ,
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɦ ɝɚɡɟ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
.
Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɱɭɝɭɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
,
ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧ ɜ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɭɸ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ ɫ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɨɦ ɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
.
ȼ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ
,
ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ
.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
.
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫ ɦɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
.
2.2
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɥɢɰɟɜɭɸ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 1 -
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ʌɟɝɟɧɞɚ
1
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
2
Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ ɤɨɬɥɚ
3
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
4
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
5
Ɂɚɝɥɭɲɤɚ
6
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
7
2-
ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
8
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
0-1-
ɌȿɋɌ
2.3
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
•
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ
<
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
.
•
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
ɪɭɛɢɥɶɧɢɤ
,
ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
,
ɢɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
.
•
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ
"8"
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
1 (
ɪɢɫ
. 1).
•
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ
"7"
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
,
ɚ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ
(
ɟɫɥɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
)
ɧɚ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɡɚɠɠɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
;
ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
.
•
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
1
ɪɢɫ
. 1
ɧɚ
,
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
,
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ
.
A
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɧɟ ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ
,
ɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
“6”
ɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ
15
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ
()
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
,
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
,
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ
ɰɢɤɥ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɩɵɬɨɤ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ
,
ɬɨ
ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ
.
A
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɩɨɝɚɫɧɭɬ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɡɚɠɝɭɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
,
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ
“8”
ɧɚ
0
ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
.
B
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
,
ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɸ
ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ
8
ɢɦɟɟɬ
3
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
“0-1-TEST”;
ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɜɚ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
;
ɬɪɟɬɶɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
.
2.4
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ ɪɢɫ
. 17
ɧɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ
,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ
.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ
30°
ɞɨ
90°.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɧɢɠɟ
45°.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
(
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
)
Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
,
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚɬɨɦ
7
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
. 1.
ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
.
ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
,
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ
,
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɩɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɟ ɜɨɞɨɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɡ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 12
ɧɚ
,
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
1,0
ɛɚɪ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ
(
ɢɡ
-
ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɝɚɡɨɜ
)
ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ
,
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɤɪɚɧ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɨ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɚɧ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ
.
2.5
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ
ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
.
A
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ
,
ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
.
1
2
3
5 6
7
8
4
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
,
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ ɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɟ
.
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
-
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɨɣ
.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
(
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɟɥɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ
)
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
1-1,5
ɛɚɪ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
,
ɨɬɤɪɵɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɤɪɚɧ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɪɚɧ
.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
.
Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
.
