Kurzweil K2661, Справочник музыканта

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Glossary
11-3
LFO Low frequency oscillator. An oscillator is an electrical signal that cycles regularly
between a minimum and maximum amplitude. The simplest oscillating waveform is
the sine wave, but an LFO waveform can have almost any shape. The number of times
each second that an oscillator repeats itself is called its frequency, which is measured
in Hertz (Hz). Anything up to 50 Hz is considered low-frequency in musical
applications. Use an LFO whenever you want to generate a
periodic (repeating) effect.
Adjusting the rate of the LFO will change the repetition rate of the effect.
Layer A layer consists of a keymap processed through an algorithm. Layers can be stacked
together within a program. Each layer uses one of the K2661’s 48 available voices.
Each K2661 program can contain up to 32 layers. Any program can contain up to 32
layers. Ones with more than three show up in display as "Drum" programs.
Leslie effect This classic vibrato effect was originally created by mounting a speaker in its cabinet
so the speaker could be rotated at varying speeds. This applied a vibrato of varying
rate to all sounds played through the rotating speaker.
Local In this manual, used primarily in reference to control sources. A local control source
affects each note in a layer independently. For example, if a local LFO is used as a
control source, a separate LFO cycle will begin with each note start. The LFOs don’t
run in phase unless notes are started simultaneously. Compare Global.
Memory banks The K2661’s memory is divided into ten spaces where you can store any object you
edit. These spaces are called banks. Each bank can hold up to 100 objects of each type,
so we refer to them as the 100s bank, the 200s bank, and so on. The ID of an object
determines which bank it’s stored in. An object with an ID of 399, for example, would
be stored in the 300s bank. ROM objects are stored in the Zeros and 100s banks. RAM
objects can be stored in any bank.
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A specialized format for representing musical
information in terms of standardized computer data, which enables electronic musical
instruments to communicate with computers
MIDI device Any device—keyboard, computer, wind instrument, etc.—that is capable of
transmitting and receiving MIDI messages. Also known as a MIDI controller, or a
MIDI source.
MIDI Master A MIDI device that is con fi gured to control one or more other MIDI devices. The
MIDI Out port of the master is connected by cable to the MIDI In port(s) of the slave
device(s).
MIDI Slave A MIDI device that is con fi gured to receive MIDI messages from a master device. The
MIDI In port of the slave is connected by cable to the MIDI Out port of the master.
Nonlinear DSP Function Without getting technical, nonlinear DSP functions like SHAPER and WRAP add
waveforms to those already present in a sound, while linear DSP functions act upon
the existing waveforms without adding new ones.
Note State Any K2661 note is either on or off; this is its note state. Normally, any given note’s
Note State switches on when you strike the key for that note. It switches off when you
release the key, and any sustain controls you may have applied to the note (Sustain or
Sostenuto pedal, etc.). Also see the index entry for Note State.
Object A chunk of information stored in the K2661’s memory. Programs, setups, keymaps,
and samples are all objects. There are several others as well. Also see the index entry
for Objects.