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308614-14.20 Rev 00

B-1

 

Appendix B

Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems

Use the information in this appendix to resolve problems directly related to startup 
and connectivity with remote routers. 

Solving Startup Problems

This section helps you to isolate and solve the most common router startup 
problems. Proceed to the appropriate section:

•

Router Fails to Get IP Address (

page B-2

)

•

Router Fails to Netboot (

page B-3

)

•

Router Fails to Perform Directed Netboot (

page B-5

)

•

Router Netboots, but Fails to Load Applications (

page B-5

)

Topic

Page

Solving Startup Problems

B-1

Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems

B-8

Resolving Connectivity Problems

B-10

Maintaining the Router Software

B-17

Hints and Notes

B-19

Note: 

For other troubleshooting information, see 

Troubleshooting Routers

. 

Summary of Contents for AN Series

Page 1: ...BayRS Version 14 20 Part No 308614 14 20 Rev 00 January 2001 600 Technology Park Drive Billerica MA 01821 4130 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers ...

Page 2: ...3 Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or r...

Page 3: ...rwise disclose to any third party the Software or any information about the operation design performance or implementation of the Software and user manuals that is confidential to Nortel Networks and its licensors however Licensee may grant permission to its consultants subcontractors and agents to use the Software at Licensee s facility provided they have agreed to use the Software only in accord...

Page 4: ...t the date of expiration of the Nortel Networks copyright those restrictions relating to use and disclosure of Nortel Networks confidential information shall continue in effect Licensee may terminate this license at any time The license will automatically terminate if Licensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the license Upon termination for any reason Licensee will immediat...

Page 5: ...edure 1 2 Startup Files 1 2 Startup Options 1 3 The Boot Process 1 5 Netboot Process 1 5 Local Boot Process 1 12 Preparing for the Initial Startup 1 13 Selecting the Initial Startup Option 1 13 EZ Install 1 14 Local Boot 1 14 Netboot 1 15 Providing a Tailored Configuration File 1 15 Selecting the Routine Startup Option 1 16 Recommendations 1 16 Netboot 1 16 Directed Netboot 1 17 Local Boot 1 18 St...

Page 6: ...ing TFTP Access to Specified Directories 2 10 Adding a TFTP User for an HP 9000 Workstation 2 11 Setting Up Static Routes to Next Hop Routers 2 11 Editing the etc inetd conf File 2 11 Verifying the Routes 2 12 Loading the Changes into Memory 2 12 What to Do Next 2 13 Chapter 3 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Preparing Configuration and Image Files 3 2 Creating Configuration Files 3 ...

Page 7: ...nd 4 9 Examples of Using the ifconfig Command 4 9 Verifying Your Configuration 4 10 What to Do Next 4 11 Chapter 5 Managing ANH Repeater Ports Enabling and Disabling ANH Repeater Ports 5 2 Testing and Resetting ANH Repeater Ports 5 5 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters Netboot and Directed Netboot Parameters A 2 Netboot Interface Parameters A 4 BootP Relay Agent Interface Parameters A 7 BootP Clien...

Page 8: ...ng Parameter Settings B 10 Debugging the BootP Server B 12 Verifying the BootP Server Setup B 14 Displaying the BootP Server IP Routes B 15 Displaying the Number of Packets Forwarded and Dropped B 16 Quick Get Instructions B 16 Technician Interface Instructions B 16 Maintaining the Router Software B 17 Upgrading the Software Image B 17 Restoring a Local File System B 18 Hints and Notes B 19 Setup ...

Page 9: ...figuration Files 1 9 Figure 1 4 Obtaining the Configuration File 1 10 Figure 1 5 Obtaining the Kernel File 1 11 Figure 1 6 Establishing an IP Network Interface 1 12 Figure 2 1 Sample bootptab File 2 7 Figure 2 1 Sample bootptab File continued 2 8 Figure 3 1 Enabling BootP Relay in a Sample Network 3 11 Figure 5 1 8 Port ANH Port Status Window 5 3 Figure 5 2 12 Port ANH Port Status Window 5 4 Figur...

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Page 11: ...fied Directories 2 10 Table 3 1 Configuration Manager Module Names for AN and ANH 3 3 Table 3 2 ARN Base Module Configurations 3 3 Table 3 3 ARN Expansion Module Configurations 3 4 Table 3 4 ARN Adapter Module Configurations 3 4 Table 4 1 bconfig Command Options 4 3 Table 4 2 ifconfig Command Options for a Serial Interface 4 6 Table 4 3 ifconfig Command Options for an Ethernet Interface 4 7 Table ...

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Page 13: ... must install the router hardware as described in one of the following guides Installing and Operating AN and ANH Systems Installing and Operating AN DC and ANH 8 DC Systems Installing and Operating Passport ARN Routers Installing and Operating Passport ARN DC Routers Make sure that you are running the latest version of Nortel Networks BayRS and Site Manager software For information about upgradin...

Page 14: ...required elements in syntax descriptions where there is more than one option You must choose only one of the options Do not type the braces when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you must enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both brackets Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions Do not type the brackets when entering the command E...

Page 15: ...e prompts and system messages Example Set Trap Monitor Filters separator Shows menu paths Example Protocols IP identifies the IP option on the Protocols menu vertical line Separates choices for command keywords and arguments Enter only one of the choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you enter either show ip alerts or...

Page 16: ...ol HDLC high level data link control IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IP Internet Protocol IPX Internet Packet Exchange ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISO International Organization for Standardization ITU T International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications sector formerly CCITT LAN local area network LMI Local Management Interface LQR Link Quality Reporting...

Page 17: ...ader You can purchase selected documentation sets CDs and technical publications through the Internet at the www1 fatbrain com documentation nortel URL PPP Point to Point Protocol PVC permanent virtual circuit RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RFC Request for Comments RIP Routing Information Protocol RMON remote monitoring SAM System Administration Manager SIMM single in line memory module ...

Page 18: ...act one of the following Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers An Express Routing Code ERC is available for many Nortel Networks products and services When you use an ERC your call is routed to a technical support person who specializes in supporting that product or service To locate an ERC for your product or service go to the www12 nortelnetworks com URL and click ERC at the bottom of the ...

Page 19: ...ANH and ARN routers Graphical SNMP based network management tools within Optivity Internetwork a component of the Nortel Networks Optivity Enterprise application suite Site Manager a router management configuration and monitoring application RouterMan a real time router performance and status reporting application PathMan a diagnostic application for determining the complete data path between two ...

Page 20: ...the startup configuration using the AN Monitor and Technician Interface Router Startup Procedure The following sections describe the software files and configuration options involved in the startup procedure for AN ANH and ARN routers Startup Files Startup Options Startup Files Before it can operate a router must boot a software image The software image contains an operating system kernel file tha...

Page 21: ...dure Table 1 2 summarizes these startup options The Boot Process on page 1 5 describes how local and network booting works For initial startup AN ANH and ARN routers are configured for a default option but you can change the default see Preparing for the Initial Startup on page 1 13 To select the startup option for routine operation see Selecting the Routine Startup Option on page 1 16 To review t...

Page 22: ...ter obtains at least one startup file from a remote workstation that is configured as a BootP server Management console BootP server that contains at least one startup file Connection over a frame relay or HDLC serial or DSU CSU Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface Directed Netboot Local or Network Local or Network The router obtains at least one startup file from a remote workstation that is...

Page 23: ...ns bridging and routing traffic as specified in the configuration file The following sections describe in more detail the key steps in this process Obtaining an IP Address Manually Netboot or Directed Netboot or Obtaining an IP Address Automatically EZ Install Obtaining the Kernel and Configuration Files Obtaining an IP Address Manually Netboot or Directed Netboot For Netboot and Directed Netboot ...

Page 24: ...sponds 4 The upstream router obtains the IP address of the AN ANH or ARN router s serial interface The protocol configuration of the upstream router determines whether it calculates or requests the IP address as follows A frame relay PVC in direct access mode or a Nortel Networks Standard PPP interface calculates the IP address by adding 1 to the IP address of the interface that received the reque...

Page 25: ...router receives the request on PVC 31 The upstream router determines the DLCI refers to DLCI 31 in the BootP client interface table finds the IP address and sends a BootP response containing the IP address back to PVC 31 Note The BootP client interface table contains a data link connection identifier DLCI and IP address pair for each PVC You use Site Manager to create this table when you follow th...

Page 26: ...that receives a BootP response 7 The AN ANH or ARN router stores these IP addresses along with the IP address of the next hop router in RAM If more than one serial interface receives a BootP response the AN ANH or ARN router assigns an IP address to each interface AN ANH ARN Key BOOTP response BOOTP request Upstream router Circuit containing PVC 31 32 33 for virtual connections to the three router...

Page 27: ...ugh all serial COM Ethernet and token ring ARN only interfaces that have IP addresses The router issues this request periodically for approximately 3 minutes regardless of whether a cable is connected 2 A BootP server responds to the router s request with the directory path names Figure 1 3 Figure 1 3 Obtaining the Path Names of the Kernel and Configuration Files The first router interface that pr...

Page 28: ...rver uses TFTP to transfer the configuration file Figure 1 4 Figure 1 4 Obtaining the Configuration File 6 The router sends a TFTP request for the kernel file 7 The BootP server uses TFTP to transfer the kernel file Figure 1 5 Key Configuration file BOOTP response BOOTP server AN ANH ARN Upstream router Corporate backbone NPA0004A TFTP request TFTP transfer ...

Page 29: ...em 10 The router begins bridging and routing network traffic as specified in the configuration file The AN ANH or ARN router can continue to request files even after it begins bridging and routing traffic If a failure occurs in steps 1 through 8 the AN ANH or ARN router attempts to boot locally Kernel Key BOOTP server AN ANH ARN Upstream router Corporate backbone NPA0005A TFTP request TFTP transfe...

Page 30: ...tion script to customize the default configuration file Running the installation script establishes an IP network interface between the router and a Site Manager workstation Figure 1 6 Figure 1 6 Establishing an IP Network Interface Appendix C briefly describes the procedure for customizing the default configuration file provides worksheets for preparing to run the procedure and explains how to be...

Page 31: ...tartup option see Chapter 4 Provide a tailored configuration file for the router see Providing a Tailored Configuration File on page 1 15 Coordinate the initial startup with a person at the router site The person at the router site installs the hardware and cables and then initiates the appropriate startup option The router hardware installation guide explains these tasks in detail Selecting the I...

Page 32: ...uter If EZ Install fails in an initial startup attempt one of the following occurs An AN or ANH router attempts to boot once using the Local Boot option If both boot attempts fail you must troubleshoot the problem and reboot the router as described in Appendix B An ARN router first tries to local boot and then tries to netboot The ARN continuously attempts to local boot and netboot until it boots ...

Page 33: ...or an exe for the AN ANH or a network configuration file config customized for the AN ANH or ARN router An IP address assigned to the AN ANH or ARN router s boot interface Providing a Tailored Configuration File Since AN ANH and ARN routers ship with a generic configuration file on the PCMCIA flash memory card you must tailor that file to your network before a router can bridge and route traffic Y...

Page 34: ...se Local Boot for startup Set up the network to support Netboot even if you plan to use the Local Boot option With the network set up to support Netboot you can boot the router over the network for some procedures and boot it locally for others Netboot Netboot takes longer than the other startup options but has many benefits Using Netboot for routine startups allows you to Manage software image an...

Page 35: ...tring files from the BootP server as the router needs them Obtaining these files individually rather than obtaining the entire an exe or arn exe file reduces line costs and the use of flash memory space The Netboot procedure requires the following at initial startup A communications link between the AN ANH or ARN router and an upstream router over an Ethernet HDLC frame relay or token ring ARN onl...

Page 36: ...irectly bypassing negotiation with a BootP server for the IP address and path names of the startup files Local Boot Local booting the startup files for routine startups allows you to Minimize the time it takes the router to boot In most configurations however the difference between the two options is only a few seconds Typically local booting takes two to three minutes Minimize line usage Obtainin...

Page 37: ...on at the AN ANH or ARN router site installs and turns on the router See the model specific hardware installation guide The AN ANH or ARN router obtains a software image from its local file system an IP address from the upstream router and the customized configuration file from the BootP server The Boot Process on page 1 5 describes this process no action is required If the configuration file meet...

Page 38: ...N ANH or ARN router site establishes a Technician Interface session or you establish a session using a modem See the hardware installation guide 7 The person at the AN ANH or ARN router console uses the bconfig and ifconfig commands to configure a synchronous Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface See Chapter 4 and the hardware installation guide 8 The person at the AN ANH or ARN router site bo...

Page 39: ... a session using a modem See the hardware installation guide 6 The person at the AN ANH or ARN router console uses the bconfig and ifconfig commands to configure a synchronous Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface See Chapter 4 and the hardware installation guide 7 The person at the AN ANH or ARN router site boots the router See the hardware installation guide The AN ANH or ARN router obtains ...

Page 40: ... contains duplicate worksheets See Appendix C 3 The person at the router console runs the installation script install bat for the AN ANH and inst_arn bat for the ARN using the information provided in the worksheets you completed in step 1 See Appendix C and your hardware installation guide 4 The installation script records the responses in a configuration file See Appendix C and your hardware inst...

Page 41: ... server supplies startup file path names using BootP The routers then retrieve the files using TFTP When AN ANH and ARN routers use Directed Netboot they already know the path names of the files they need and retrieve the files directly from the server using TFTP Complete the appropriate sections of this chapter for the startup option you are configuring Topic Page Setting Up a BootP Server 2 2 Se...

Page 42: ...ing information To set up the send and receive sockets for BootP 1 Log in to the UNIX workstation as root 2 Use a text editor to insert the following two lines in the etc services file Configuring BootPD A daemon is an unattended process that is one that runs in the background An application typically calls a daemon to perform a standard routine or service in this case BootP Complete the following...

Page 43: ...otps If there is such a line your workstation is already configured as a BootP server Comment out this line by typing a pound sign at the beginning of the line so that the server will use the BootPD program that you specify in the next step 3 Insert the following line anywhere in the file to configure your workstation as a BootP server bootps dgram udp wait root etc bootpd bootpd 4 Save and exit t...

Page 44: ...irectory cp usr wf config bootptab etc 3 Use a text editor to open the bootptab file in the etc directory 4 In the bootptab file type the information that pertains to the AN ANH and ARN routers in your network The section that follows explains how to format your entries Use Tables 2 1 and 2 2 to determine which tags and values you need Figure 2 1 shows the sample bootptab file included with the Si...

Page 45: ...ndicates continuation of the line Table 2 1 lists the BootPD tags for router host names Table 2 2 lists the BootPD tags for kernel file names Note Make sure you type a backslash not a slash at the end of each line that does not conclude a definition Table 2 1 BootPD Tags for a Router Host Name Tag Required or Optional Value Example ip Required IP address the host IP address of the router ip 192 32...

Page 46: ...ed Home directory the directory on the workstation containing the kernel files By default the Image Builder writes its files to the directory specified in the example The rel number directory contains the current BayRS release If you change the default or move the files to another directory specify that directory hd HOME builder_dir rel120 an bf Required Boot file the name of the kernel file bf kr...

Page 47: ...an use any word in place of general general hd specifies that HOME builder_dir rel900 an is the directory on the workstation where the boot files are located By default the Image Builder writes its files to this directory If you are using a router software version later than 8 00 add the associated three digits to the end of the rel directory name If you moved the files to another directory specif...

Page 48: ... marks the beginning of the active definition for the AN we are naming AN Boston AN Boston ip indicates the IP address of the AN ip 192 32 5 2 T130 indicates the size of the AN s configuration file in 512 byte blocks Always use 0x0004 T130 0x0004 T129 indicates the pathname of the configuration file for the AN T129 usr1 cfg AN_Bost cfg tc indicates that the general definition contains more informa...

Page 49: ...er procedure Specifying a directory provides security but requires either keeping the startup files in the specified directory or creating a link to each path name Providing TFTP Access to All Directories To provide TFTP access to files in the root directory and all subdirectories insert the appropriate line for your operating system in the etc inetd conf file Find the sample line for your operati...

Page 50: ...mand to move to the tftpboot directory cd tftpboot b Enter the following commands to create symbolic links ln s usr ln s tftpboot Table 2 4 Restricting TFTP Access to Specified Directories Operating System Sample Line to Insert in etc inetd conf File or Other Instruction SunOS tftp dgram udp wait root usr etc in tftpd in tftpd s tftpboot Solaris tftp dgram udp wait root usr sbin in tftpd in tftpd ...

Page 51: ...pecify a path to the network by Editing the etc inetd conf file Verifying the routes Loading the changes into memory You must set up a static route for each path between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server s next hop router Editing the etc inetd conf File Insert the following line in the etc inetd conf file to set up a static route route add destination gateway hops destination is the IP...

Page 52: ...y the etc inetd conf file you must force the operating system to reread it by rebooting the workstation or by issuing a hang up signal In most cases reboot the workstation Issue a hang up signal if the workstation is performing a task that you do not want to interrupt Rebooting Your Workstation To reboot your workstation 1 Log in as root 2 Enter the following command the r flag reboots the worksta...

Page 53: ... Enter the following command using the first number in the line after the word root in this case 148 kill 1 148 The inetd process rereads the etc inetd conf file What to Do Next Before you can netboot the AN ANH or ARN router complete the steps in Chapter 3 ...

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Page 55: ...terface 3 9 Setting Up Routing Paths for Netboot 3 10 Creating the BootP Client Interface Table 3 14 To Configure This Startup Option Complete These Sections EZ Install default Preparing Configuration and Image Files EZ Install over Frame Relay PVC in group access mode Preparing Configuration and Image Files Creating the BootP Client Interface Table Netboot Enabling Netboot or Directed Netboot Add...

Page 56: ...ation file for each router For instructions see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Also see the following Table 3 1 for the Site Manager module name to use when creating a configuration file for AN routers Tables 3 2 through 3 4 for the module names to use when creating a configuration file for ARN routers Site Manager identifies AN and ANH routers with module names that use mnemon...

Page 57: ...Ethernet T Token ring 2S Two serial 3S Three serial BRI S ISDN BRI with S T interface BRI U ISDN BRI with U interface BRI S ISDN BRI S T interface floating B channel BRI U ISDN BRI U interface floating B channel N11 DCM RMON data collection module CSU_DSU 56 64K DSU CSU FT1 T1 Fractional T1 FE1 E1 Fractional E1 8pt EHub 8 port Ethernet hub 12pt EHub 12 port Ethernet hub Table 3 2 ARN Base Module C...

Page 58: ...Configurations Expansion Module Site Manager Module Name Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet with DCM Ethernet DCM Token Ring Token Ring Tri Serial TRI Serial Ethernet Tri Serial Ethernet TRI Serial Ethernet Tri Serial with DCM Ethernet TRI Serial DCM Token Ring Tri Serial Token Ring TRI Serial Table 3 4 ARN Adapter Module Configurations Adapter Module Site Manager Module Name Serial Serial ISDN BRI S T IS...

Page 59: ...iguration file names can consist of 1 to 15 characters including a dot Nortel Networks recommends that you limit file names to 8 characters to ensure that all supported operating systems can recognize the names Configuration file name extensions are optional and must follow a file name and a dot Nortel Networks recommends that you limit file name extensions to three characters BootP allows a maxim...

Page 60: ...r may not operate properly 2 If you use a different workstation as a BootP server transfer to that workstation all of the files in the directory that contains the kernel file The router cannot netboot until the kernel file is available on the BootP server Enabling Netboot or Directed Netboot By default the router obtains the software image files from its local file system and its configuration fil...

Page 61: ... is the full path name of the active image on the remote server When you boot a router locally the name of the active image wfHwEntry wfHwActiveImageName appears in the form volume image name Note Instead of enabling the Boot Image From Network parameter you can use the Router Files Manager tool to transfer an upgraded image file to the router To do this delete the old image file compact the file ...

Page 62: ...nager to add a Netboot interface Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose Net Boot The Net Boot menu opens 4 Choose Interfaces The Netboot Interfaces window opens 5 Click on Add The Netboot Interface window opens 6 Set the Connector parameter ...

Page 63: ...u opens 4 Choose Interfaces The Netboot Interfaces window opens 5 In the scroll box choose the interface you want to configure The window shows the parameter values for that interface 6 Set the following parameters Connector IP Address Connector Subnet Mask Connector Next Hop Connector Protocol Mask Connector State Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 4 7 Click ...

Page 64: ...ers Creating a BootP relay agent forwarding table for each router in a path Creating a BootP client interface table for the upstream router when the router is on a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode Enabling Router Interfaces You must enable BootP relay also called BootP pass through or gateway on all interfaces in the paths between AN ANH or ARN routers and the BootP server For example you woul...

Page 65: ...uring Netboot Services with Site Manager 308614 14 20 Rev 00 3 11 Figure 3 1 Enabling BootP Relay in a Sample Network Enable BOOTP on these interfaces Corporate backbone Booting routers BOOTP server NPA0007A ...

Page 66: ... request packets and the associated IP interface that forwards them You can add multiple pairs of incoming and outgoing interfaces to support connections to multiple routers in your network Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on the connector on which you want to enable BootP relay The Edit Connector window opens 2 Choose Edit Circuit The ...

Page 67: ...e sure that the Timeout Secs parameter is set to the default 0 5 Click on Forward I F interface The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Addresses window opens 7 Set the following parameters Input IP Address Output IP Address Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 7 8 Click on OK The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window lis...

Page 68: ...tion to a BootP relay agent forwarding table The BootP client interface table allows you to specify and pair the IP address of the AN ANH or ARN router with the DLCI of the Frame Relay group access PVC For more information about the DLCI and Frame Relay see Configuring Frame Relay Services Note You do not need to create a BootP client interface table if the Frame Relay PVC is configured to operate...

Page 69: ...onfiguring SNMP BootP and DHCP Services for a description of the parameters in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window Make sure that the Timeout Secs parameter is set to the default 0 5 Click on Client I F interface The BOOTP Client Interface Table window opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Client Interface Address window opens 7 Set the following parameters IP Address DLCI Number Click on Help o...

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Page 71: ...p configuration Topic Page Using Netboot Configuration Commands 4 2 Setting the Boot Configuration 4 3 Setting the Netboot Interface Configuration 4 5 Verifying Your Configuration 4 10 What to Do Next 4 11 For This Startup Configuration Complete These Sections Netboot or Directed Netboot over a serial interface Setting the Boot Configuration Configuring a Serial Interface for Network Booting Netbo...

Page 72: ...ommand line login prompt you can do one of the following Wait for the router to local boot that is wait for EZ Install to fail Interrupt the startup process by issuing a break sequence This automatically starts the AN Monitor a firmware diagnostics monitor for routers The break sequence depends on the management console you are using Some terminals have specific break keys others require a specifi...

Page 73: ... command format bconfig d image config To configure an interface for Directed Netboot use the following bconfig command format bconfig image config local network TFTP_host TFTP_pathname You must issue the bconfig command twice once to specify the location of the boot image and again to specify the location of the configuration file See Table 4 1 for a description of the bconfig command options Tab...

Page 74: ...Boot from the local software image file and use Directed Netboot to get the configuration file from the network bconfig image local bconfig config network 21 3 5 62 usr anstartup config 5 Use Directed Netboot for both the boot image file and the configuration file bconfig image network 21 3 5 62 usr mykernel exe bconfig config network 21 3 5 62 usr anstartup config TFTP_host Specifies the IP addre...

Page 75: ...ent interface table The Boot Process on page 1 5 describes how the router automatically obtains an IP address during the EZ Install process Use the ifconfig command to configure a serial Ethernet or token ring interface for Netboot or Directed Netboot The following sections describe the ifconfig command formats Configuring a Serial Interface for Network Booting To configure a serial interface for ...

Page 76: ...one of these options is used with the fr option it specifies a DLCMI option Use the same option as the network to which the router s Frame Relay interface is connected The default option for Frame Relay is annexd int_clk Sets the serial port to internal clocking at 1 25 MB s If you do not specify this option the router defaults to external clocking interface Specifies the IP connector you are conf...

Page 77: ...ription d Resets the router s IP interface options to the default values Resetting an Ethernet interface makes it inactive in the network booting process The output of the getcfg command shows the default as None interface Specifies the IP connector you are configuring Use the format xcvr port_no IP_address Specifies the IP address of the interface you set with interface Provide this address in do...

Page 78: ...P interface options to the default values Resetting a token ring interface makes it inactive in the network booting process The output of the getcfg command shows the default as None r speed Specifies the speed of the token ring interface Specify either 16 or 4 Mb s The default is 16 Mb s interface Specifies the IP connector you are configuring Use the format mau port_no IP_address Specifies the I...

Page 79: ...ng formats xcvr port_no com port_no mau port_no Examples of Using the ifconfig Command 1 Configure the current interface for the default Netboot procedure ifconfig d 2 Specify the IP address and subnet mask of the first Ethernet Netboot interface ifconfig xcvr1 21 3 5 62 255 255 255 0 3 Specify the IP address and subnet mask of the second Ethernet Netboot interface ifconfig xcvr2 21 3 5 61 255 255...

Page 80: ... or ARN router enter the following command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt getcfg The following sample output shows the default configuration for an AN ANH with one Ethernet interface and two serial interfaces Boot Options boot image local boot config network Netboot Parameters XCVR1 None COM1 EZ Install COM2 EZ Install The following sample output shows the configuration for an AR...

Page 81: ...uration as described in Chapter 3 Whenever you boot the router it should start routing traffic as specified in the configuration file it obtains from the BootP server To determine whether the AN ANH or ARN router is routing traffic use the Site Manager Statistics Manager tool to view traffic statistics and the Events Manager tool to view the event log For instructions on using these tools see Conf...

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Page 83: ... 5 1 Chapter 5 Managing ANH Repeater Ports This chapter describes how you use Site Manager to manage ANH repeater ports Topic Page Enabling and Disabling ANH Repeater Ports 5 2 Testing and Resetting ANH Repeater Ports 5 5 ...

Page 84: ...e Configuration Manager window opens displaying the real time router hardware and software configuration 4 Choose Platform The Platform menu opens 5 Choose Setup Repeater The Setup Repeater menu opens 6 Choose Port Status The Port Status window opens allowing you to enable or disable the ports on the router Figure 5 1 shows the Port Status window for the 8 port ANH Figure 5 2 shows the Port Status...

Page 85: ...H Repeater Ports 308614 14 20 Rev 00 5 3 Figure 5 1 8 Port ANH Port Status Window Note Port 9 is the Ethernet AUI from the ANH baseboard to the repeater To disable the Ethernet circuit click on Disabled for port 9 ...

Page 86: ...N and Passport ARN Routers 5 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Figure 5 2 12 Port ANH Port Status Window Note Port 13 is the Ethernet connection from the ANH baseboard to the repeater To disable the Ethernet circuit click on Disabled for port 13 ...

Page 87: ...form menu opens 5 Choose Setup Repeater The Setup Repeater menu opens 6 Choose Group Parameters The Group Parameters window opens 7 Set the following parameters Reset Selftest Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 9 The Configuration Manager tests each repeater port and indicates in a log file whether the ports pass the diagnostics 8 Click on OK Site Manager exec...

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Page 89: ...he following information Parameter name Configuration Manager menu path Default setting Valid parameter options Parameter function Instructions for setting the parameter MIB object ID Topic Page Netboot and Directed Netboot Parameters A 2 Netboot Interface Parameters A 4 BootP Relay Agent Interface Parameters A 7 BootP Client Interface Address Parameters A 8 Repeater Port Group Parameters A 9 ...

Page 90: ...outers can then boot using a single image on the BootP server Make sure that the directory name in the bootptab file matches the location of the upgraded image before you boot the routers MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 1 1 Parameter Boot Config From Network Path Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Net Boot Global Default Enable Options Enable Disable Function Enables or disable...

Page 91: ...ne Options A valid path name for the boot image file Function When the parameter Boot Image From Network is set to Enable this parameter specifies the full path name of the boot image file on the TFTP server Instructions Use this parameter only when configuring Directed Netboot Make sure that the file you specify is the valid boot image file on the TFTP server MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10...

Page 92: ...ion Specifies the name of the connector configured for the Netboot interface Instructions Specify COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 or COM5 to configure Netboot over a synchronous interface Specify XCVR1 or XCVR2 to configure Netboot over an Ethernet interface Specify TOKEN1 or TOKEN2 to configure Netboot over a token ring interface ARN only Note that the interfaces that are available depend on the interface op...

Page 93: ... IP address Function Specifies the IP address of the next hop router connected to this interface When the router starts up the next hop router passes the BootP requests and responses that initiate the transfer of the image and or configuration file between the router and the BootP server If the router and BootP server are on the same IP subnet you do not have to set this parameter Instructions Spe...

Page 94: ...ny settings specified for the other four parameters in the Netboot Interfaces window appear When set to Disable Site Manager disregards the other parameters and the router cannot Netboot Instructions If you do not want Site Manager to use the other parameters on the Netboot Interfaces window set this parameter to Disable If you want Site Manager to use any of the other parameter settings in the Ne...

Page 95: ... configured on it Instructions Specify the IP address of the interface through which the router will receive BootP requests MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 3 Parameter Output IP Address Path Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Forward I F Add Default None Options Any valid IP address Function Specifies the IP interface that forwards BootP request packets...

Page 96: ...nstructions Specify the IP address in dotted decimal notation of the router interface MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 1 1 1 3 Parameter DLCI Number Path Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Client I F Add Default None Options 16 to 1007 Function Specifies the identification number of the upstream router s PVC The Frame Relay network uses the DLCI number to dire...

Page 97: ...nagement counters defined in the RFC 1516 MIB specification nor does it affect the status of the ports However the reset does disrupt traffic flow Instructions Accept the default NO_RESET or select RESET MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 2 1 22 1 1 4 Parameter Selftest Path Configuration Manager Dynamic mode only Platform Setup Repeater Group Parameters Default NO_SELFTEST Options NO_SELFTEST SELFTEST Functio...

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Page 99: ...ter startup problems Proceed to the appropriate section Router Fails to Get IP Address page B 2 Router Fails to Netboot page B 3 Router Fails to Perform Directed Netboot page B 5 Router Netboots but Fails to Load Applications page B 5 Topic Page Solving Startup Problems B 1 Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems B 8 Resolving Connectivity Problems B 10 Maintaining the Router Software B 17 Hints ...

Page 100: ...receiving BootP requests use the getcfg command to display the router parameters and the bconfig and ifconfig commands to correct them if necessary For instructions see Displaying Parameter Settings on page B 10 and Debugging the BootP Server on page B 12 Upstream Router Not Sending BootP Responses If the upstream router is receiving BootP requests but is failing to send BootP responses use Site M...

Page 101: ...opped from all routers between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server See Displaying the Number of Packets Forwarded and Dropped on page B 16 If you perform the instructions in these sections and cannot find and correct the problem contact the Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Center Upstream Router Not Receiving BootP Requests If the upstream router is not receiving BootP requests do the...

Page 102: ... and IP are enabled on the incoming and outgoing interfaces 4 Ensure that the link modules and drivers are enabled For instructions see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager BootP Server Not Sending BootP Responses If the BootP server is receiving BootP requests but is failing to respond to them do the following 1 Follow the instructions in Displaying the BootP Server IP Routes on pag...

Page 103: ...t were provided on the software image These files are required to perform functions such as running the protocols specified in the configuration file and displaying the log To troubleshoot a failure to load applications do the following 1 Ensure that after booting you have at least one interface configured through which the file server that supplied the kernel file can be reached This is required ...

Page 104: ...kModules wfARNLoad 0 2147483648 The response indicates that the AN ANH or ARN router driver is configured to run in slot 1 the only router slot The decimal number 2147483648 represents slot 1 If the setting is not 2147483648 enter one of the following commands to correct it set wfLinkModules 15 0 2147483648 commit for AN ANH set wfLinkModules 25 0 2147483648 commit for ARN To display the configure...

Page 105: ...ing command to display information about the interface where connector is the interface connector number get wfSyncEntry 1 connector Ensure that external clocking is set If the router is netbooting with an Ethernet interface enter the following command to display information about the interface where connector is the interface connector number get wfCSMACDEntry 1 connector If the router is netboot...

Page 106: ...tion Modem communications however are slower Viewing an AN ANH or ARN router error message and entering commands using a modem connection may simplify troubleshooting if you are not at the router site As an alternative you can ask the person at the router site to read the console messages to you and then you can tell that person which commands to enter Displaying Statistics and Error Messages Use ...

Page 107: ...tream router s interface to the next hop router 4 Test the interfaces that receive and forward the BootP and TFTP packets of the routers between the AN ANH or ARN router and the next hop router 5 Continue testing each router in the path until you isolate the problem interface Guidelines for Using a LAN Protocol Analyzer See the following guidelines when you use a LAN protocol analyzer If the netbo...

Page 108: ...ibes how to Display the AN ANH or ARN router s netboot configuration Debug the BootP server Verify the BootP server s setup Display the BootP server s IP routes Display the number of BootP packets forwarded and dropped Displaying Parameter Settings Display the AN ANH or ARN router s netboot parameter settings to determine the following Whether the router is set to boot using a local boot image or ...

Page 109: ... local boot config network Netboot Parameters MAU1 None XCVR2 None COM1 EZ Install COM2 EZ Install COM3 EZ Install COM4 EZ Install COM5 EZ Install The possible settings for boot image and boot config are network and local If the setting is network the AN ANH or ARN router requests the kernel file or configuration file from a BootP server when booting If the setting is local the router uses the ker...

Page 110: ... See Chapter 4 for instructions on using the ifconfig and bconfig commands to change the parameter settings Debugging the BootP Server Debug the BootP server as follows 1 Enter the following command at the UNIX command line bootpd d d The bootpd debugger tool reads the etc bootptab file and generates the etc bootpd dmp file The etc bootpd dmp file contains the portion of the etc bootptab file that...

Page 111: ... the AN found 192 16 24 12 AN Boston The IP address 192 16 24 12 mapped to the host name AN Boston in the bootptab file bootfile2 HOME builder_dir rel1200 an krnl_an exe The path name of the kernel file as specified in the bootptab file couldn t access HOME builder_dir rel1200 an krnl_an exe AN Boston Disregard this message The BootP server tries to access the host by both its name and IP address ...

Page 112: ... rel an directory where rel is the current BayRS release for the AN ANH The default directory for the ARN is HOME builder_dir rel rel arn where rel is the current BayRS release for the ARN For example Version 6 0 of the Image Builder stores the Version 12 00 files for an ARN in the HOME builder_dir rel12 00 arn directory 2 Ensure that the router extracts the kernel file and all of the application ...

Page 113: ... file shown in Chapter 2 see Figure 2 1 on page 2 8 Displaying the BootP Server IP Routes To display the IP address of the next hop router enter the following command at the UNIX command line of the BootP server netstat rn grep i n IP_address IP_address is the IP address of the netbooting router s network For example enter netstat rn grep i n 192 32 155 to display the IP address of the next hop to...

Page 114: ...itional information about Quick Get see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Quick Get Instructions 1 Select the following path wfApplication wfInternet wfBootpGroup wfBootpRelayAgentGroup wfBootpRelayIntfTable 2 To display the number of packets forwarded select the following wfBootpRelayIntfRequests 3 To display the number of packets dropped select the following wfBootpRelayIntfHops...

Page 115: ...upgrades the image only in the router s RAM Use TFTP to transfer the image to the router s flash memory card then use Local Boot to start the router This option upgrades the image in both the router s flash memory card and in RAM Caution Be very careful when you use the format command This command erases all files on the local flash memory card and the AN ANH or ARN router will not be able to loca...

Page 116: ... You must already have the network set up for Netboot or Directed Netboot to succeed After the router netboots successfully you can use TFTP to restore the software image and configuration file on the local file system Note If the AN ANH or ARN router reboots while writing to or compacting partitioned flash memory the file system becomes corrupted and the router will not start after rebooting Caut...

Page 117: ... your network rather than starting over To avoid mix ups ensure that the file name you assign to each configuration file is unique and meaningful for each router Before you set up the routing paths it may be easier to isolate BootP and TFTP configuration errors on the network if you upgrade all Nortel Networks routers between the AN ANH or ARN routers and the BootP server to Version 7 80 or later ...

Page 118: ...munication errors For information about using the Packet Capture utility or an analyzer to isolate these errors see Guidelines for Using Packet Capture and Guidelines for Using a LAN Protocol Analyzer on page B 9 BayRS Versions earlier than 7 80 do not include the Packet Capture utility The 12 port ANH polls the internal repeater module for operational status it does not poll individual Ethernet r...

Page 119: ...onnect an AN ANH or ARN router to Site Manager for the first time use the worksheets in this appendix to gather the network information required to complete the procedure Be sure to fill out the worksheets before you begin the Quick Start procedure Topic Page What Is Quick Start C 2 Using the Worksheets C 2 Running the Quick Start Script C 13 Note The worksheets in this appendix apply only to AN A...

Page 120: ...ide space for you to record the options you select If you are not configuring the router yourself fill out the worksheets for a person at the router site and relay the worksheet information Written for a person at the router site the guides Installing and Operating AN and ANH Systems and Installing and Operating Passport ARN Routers include identical worksheets and instructions for completing the ...

Page 121: ...ur routing protocol you need only fill out the RIP worksheet 3 Fill out one Wide Area Protocol worksheet This worksheet lists options for Nortel Networks Proprietary PPP Frame Relay Standard PPP and SMDS configurations For example if you select Frame Relay as your wide area protocol you need only fill out the Frame Relay worksheet 4 Run install bat or inst_arn bat as described in Running the Quick...

Page 122: ...mber that corresponds to the module you want to use Driver Type If there is only one interface on the module you chose the script automatically selects the driver type for that interface and bypasses this prompt Otherwise the script displays a menu of driver types The actual menu depends on the modules you have installed Enter the number that corresponds to the driver for the module you selected F...

Page 123: ...ress Is the router connected to the same local area network as the Site Manager workstation y n n y es n o Press the Return key Enter routing protocol number 1 1 RIP 2 OSPF 3 Static Route to Site Manager Complete the worksheet for the protocol you select Enter wide area protocol number 1 1 Nortel Networks Point to Point Protocol Proprietary 2 Frame Relay 3 Point to Point Protocol PPP Standard 4 Sw...

Page 124: ...ave this configuration to a file y n y y es n o Press the Return key Enter filename startup cfg Nortel Networks recommends using the default file name startup cfg Press the Return key ARN only Do you wish to set up another port module y n y y es n o Type n and press the Return key RIP Worksheet Prompt Options Your Response Should RIP listen to the default route y n n y es n o Note RIP listens to t...

Page 125: ... in dotted decimal notation 0 0 0 0 Enter the area ID This ID must match the area ID of the router s neighbor Note The backbone area ID is always 0 0 0 0 Enable Simple Password authentication y n n y es n o Note If you answer y es the router requests a password Password ______________ Follow default paths for unknown subnets y n n y es n o Enter OSPF MTU size selection 1 1 Default 2 Ethernet size ...

Page 126: ...iority 1 For Broadcast NBMA or Point to Multipoint Enter a router priority value The lower the value above zero the higher the priority Note If you set the router priority to zero 0 the router is not eligible to become the designated router on this network Enter decimal value in seconds for Poll Interval 20 For NBMA only Enter the maximum number of seconds between the Hello packets that the router...

Page 127: ... to Site Manager Worksheet Prompt Options Your Response Destination Network 0 0 0 0 Enter the gateway address of the destination network An address of 0 0 0 0 specifies the default route Destination Network Mask 0 0 0 0 Enter the subnet mask of the destination network A mask of 0 0 0 0 specifies the default route Next Hop Address Enter a next hop address All static routes require a next hop addres...

Page 128: ...3 EXPLICIT Note Reverse the local and remote address values when configuring the device at the other end of the circuit Exception When connecting to a Nortel Networks Series 5 router that uses DCE DTE addressing use the same local address value Enter Remote Address selection 3 1 DCE 2 DTE 3 EXPLICIT Note Reverse the local and remote address values when configuring the device at the other end of th...

Page 129: ...4 Four Bytes Enter DLCI number 30 For DLCMI None LMI Switch Annex D Switch and Annex A Switch only Enter the permanent virtual circuit PVC number Note The valid range for the DLCI number is 16 to 1007 PPP Worksheet Prompt Options Your Response Enter Remote IP address in dotted decimal notation Enter the IP address of the peer connection Do you wish to turn on the PPP echo function y n n y es n o E...

Page 130: ...eer router s LQR Timer y n y For LQR only y es n o Type y if the remote peer router maintains its own LQR timer for this interface Type n if the router is responsible for maintaining the timer for this interface Number of seconds 1 120 3 For LQR only Enter the maximum number of seconds between the transmission of LQR packets Enter inbound success rate percentage 1 100 90 Enter the minimum acceptab...

Page 131: ...ian Interface prompt enter Manager to log in The Technician Interface mounts the local file system and displays the command line prompt 4 To ensure that the router is using the configuration file config on the local flash memory card issue the getcfg command Look for the following line in the getcfg command display boot config local SMDS Worksheet Requested Information Options Your Response Enter ...

Page 132: ...ian Interface login prompt appears c Enter Manager to log in The Technician Interface command line prompt appears 5 Enter dir to check the contents of the flash memory card The software image file an exe or arn exe configuration file config and Quick Start script file install bat or inst_arn bat should appear among the files listed 6 Enter one of the following commands to start the Quick Start scr...

Page 133: ...to save the configuration to a file 9 Save the configuration file Table C 1 Quick Start Commands Task Action Details Accept a default value Press Return Your console displays default values in brackets for example E11 Repeat a step for example if you make a mistake Press Control c then type n When you press Control c the script prompts Terminate script y n Type n to return to the beginning of the ...

Page 134: ...tests the configuration it starts using the information you entered to bridge and route traffic To configure the router interfaces using Site Manager see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Testing local IP interface ping IP 192 32 00 000 r5 IP ping 192 32 00 000 is alive size 16 bytes IP ping 192 32 00 000 is alive size 16 bytes IP ping 192 32 00 000 is alive size 16 bytes IP ping ...

Page 135: ...ing See IP address B bconfig command examples 4 4 format 4 3 bf boot file tag in bootptab file 2 6 boot file tag 2 6 from AN Monitor B 20 getcfg command display 4 10 B 11 image defined 4 3 interrupting 4 2 Local Boot C 14 options 1 3 process 1 5 size tag 2 6 while writing to a file B 18 Boot Config From Network parameter 3 7 A 2 Boot Config Pathname parameter 3 7 A 3 Boot Image From Network parame...

Page 136: ...ick Start procedure run install bat See Quick Start procedure compacting files B 18 comparing startup options 1 16 configuration file corrupted B 17 creating 3 2 customized 1 12 1 15 default boot location 1 4 defined 1 3 getting from a BootP server 1 9 hint for creating B 19 restrictions 3 5 using the local C 14 configuring Directed Netboot 2 1 4 1 EZ Install 2 1 3 1 interfaces 4 1 Local Boot C 1 ...

Page 137: ...g B 2 to B 5 F failure BootP B 2 B 3 FDDI limitation B 20 file system local C 14 files corrupted B 17 naming restrictions 3 5 transferring See TFTP format command B 17 forwarding table See BootP Frame Relay direct access PVC 1 6 group access PVC example 1 7 setting up 3 14 settings 4 6 worksheet for C 11 frames displaying B 16 G gateway 3 10 get command B 8 getcfg command 4 7 4 8 4 10 B 2 B 10 gro...

Page 138: ...boot image B 3 krnl_arn exe file description 1 3 generating 3 6 specifying instead of arn exe file B 3 upgrading B 17 verifying as boot image B 3 L LAN protocol analyzer B 9 line usage minimizing bandwidth 1 18 cost 1 17 linking BootPD and TFTPD 2 10 LMI Frame Relay 4 6 Local Boot and Quick Start C 13 description 1 3 initial startup option 1 22 using C 1 local file system mounting C 13 viewing C 1...

Page 139: ...See Frame Relay Q Quick Get tool B 8 Quick Start procedure commands C 14 defined 1 15 C 2 inst_arn bat script C 14 install bat script C 14 running C 13 using C 14 worksheets for C 2 to C 13 R receive socket BootP 2 2 relay agent forwarding table See BootP remote dial up B 8 repeater ports Ethernet A 9 enabling 5 2 resetting 5 5 A 9 testing A 9 Reset parameter 5 5 A 9 resetting and testing ANH repe...

Page 140: ...ng MIB entry B 7 ifconfig settings 4 6 syntax of bootptab file 2 4 System Administration Manager SAM 2 11 T T129 size tag in bootptab file 2 5 T130 size tag in bootptab file 2 5 tags in bootptab file definition 2 6 format 2 5 tc table continuation tag in bootptab file 2 6 technical publications xvii technical support xviii Telnet enabling Quick Start C 6 testing BootP B 19 IP interface during Quic...

Page 141: ... vendor magic field 2 7 B 13 versions of software 1 19 1 20 3 6 B 20 vm vendor magic tag in bootptab file 2 7 volume specifying B 17 W wfBootpRelayIntfEntry B 16 wfCSMACDEntry B 7 wfDrivers B 6 wfSyncEntry B 7 wfTokenRingEntry B 7 ...

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