Myron L POOLPRO PS9TKB Operation Manual Download Page 68

Page: 68 / 74

Sources of Error

The basics are presented in pH and ORP/FC

, pg. 62.

a. Reference Junction

The most common sensor problem will be a clogged junction because

a sensor was allowed to dry out. The symptom is a drift in the “zero”

setting at 7 pH. This is why the Ultrameter

III

9P does not allow more

than 1 pH unit of offset during calibration. At that point the junction is

unreliable.

b. Sensitivity Problems

Sensitivity is the receptiveness of the glass surface. A film on the surface

can diminish sensitivity and cause a long response time.
c.

Temperature Compensation

pH sensor glass changes its sensitivity slightly with temperature, so the

further from pH 7 one is, the more effect will be seen. A pH of 11 at 40°C

would be off by 0.2 units. The Ultrameter

III

9P senses the sensor well

temperature and compensates the reading.

B. ORP/Oxidation-Reduction Potential/REDOX

ORP as an Indicator

ORP is the measurement of the ratio of oxidizing activity to reducing

activity in a solution. It is the potential of a solution to give up electrons

(oxidize other things) or gain electrons (reduce).
Like acidity and alkalinity, the increase of one is at the expense of the

other, so a single voltage is called the Oxidation-Reduction Potential,

with a positive voltage showing, a solution wants to steal electrons

(oxidizing agent). For instance, chlorinated water will show a positive

ORP value.

2. ORP Units

ORP is measured in millivolts, with no correction for solution temperature.

Like pH, it is not a measurement of concentration directly, but of activity

level. In a solution of only one active component, ORP indicates

concentration. Also, as with pH, a very dilute solution will take time to

accumulate a readable charge.

3. ORP Sensors

An ORP sensor uses a small platinum surface to accumulate charge

without reacting chemically. That charge is measured relative to the

solution, so the solution “ground” voltage comes from a reference

junction - same as the pH sensor uses.

Summary of Contents for POOLPRO PS9TKB

Page 1: ...ULTRAMETER III Operation Manual MODEL 9PTKB 24 July 2019 ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ard Solution Model HARD 2002OZ 8 2oz bottle of pH 4 buffer Model PH42OZ 9 2oz bottle of pH 7 buffer Model PH72OZ 10 2oz bottle of pH 10 buffer Model PH102OZ 11 2oz bottle of pH ORP Sensor Storage Solution Model SS2OZ 12 2oz bottle of Alkalinity Reagent A1 Model H2SO4 12OZ 13 2oz bottle of Hardness Reagent HB Model HBUFF2OZ 14 2oz bottle of Hardness Reagent H4 Model EDTA B LC2OZ 15 2oz bottle of Ha...

Page 4: ...ii ...

Page 5: ...t formats such as Microsoft Excel xls and xlsx or universal formatting csv The user can also save data in a secure encrypted format mlcx Please Note Although the Myron L Company has performed extensive testing we cannot guarantee compatibility of all applications and formats We suggest testing your application and format for compatibility before relying on it For your convenience a brief set of in...

Page 6: ...sabling temperature compensation Real Time Clock with Time and Date Data Logging with TIME and DATE in memory Memory stores 100 readings User adjustable timeout Auto OFF Bluetooth wireless download capability with optional bluDock accessory package B General Specifications Display 4 Digit LCD Dimensions LxWxH 196 x 68 x 64 mm 7 7 x 2 7 x 2 5 in Weight 352 g 12 4 oz Case Material VALOX Cond Res TDS...

Page 7: ...H in the presence of RF fields at 300 MHz 30MHz If either ORP or pH is outside the specified limits the instrument will display Or WARNING These products can expose you to chemicals including Di 2 ethylhexyl phthalate DEHP which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm For more information go to www P65Warnings ca gov D Warranty Service The M...

Page 8: ...ty Hardness LSI ORPmV Free Chlorine Equivalent FCE ppm pH Temperature PLEASE NOTE Because of our commitment to product improvement the substance and style of this manual may change When changes are made the updated manual is posted for download in PDF format from the Myron L Website www myronl com ...

Page 9: ...ductivity Cell 11 B Maintenance of the pH ORP Sensor 11 V SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED MEASURING PROCEDURES 11 A Parameter Methods 11 B Titration Methods 11 1 Pipette Instructions 12 2 T plunger Instructions 13 3 Mixing Solution in Cell 13 C Measuring Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids TDS 14 D Measuring Resistivity 14 E Measuring Alkalinity 14 F Measuring Hardness 16 1 Hardness Unit Selection 16 2 Selec...

Page 10: ...on Cond or TDS 29 5 Alkalinity Calibration 29 6 Hardness Calibration 31 7 pH Calibration 33 8 ORP Calibration 35 9 Temperature Calibration 35 VIII CALIBRATION INTERVALS 35 A Suggested Intervals 35 B Calibration Tracking Records 35 C Conductivity RES TDS Practices 36 D pH and ORP FCE Practices 36 IX MEMORY 36 A Memory Storage 36 B Memory Recall 37 C Clearing a Record Memory Clear 37 X TIME and DATE...

Page 11: ...er Accessory Package 56 XX TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Tempco of Aqueous Solutions 56 A Standardized to 25 C 56 B Tempco Variation 57 C An Example of 2 different solution selections and the resulting compensation 57 D A Chart of Comparative Error 58 E Other Solutions 58 XXI CONDUCTIVITY CONVERSION to TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TDS 59 A How it s Done 59 B Solution Characteristics 59 C When does it make a ...

Page 12: ... designed to provide quick easy accurate measurements by simply pressing a key All functions are performed one key at a time THERE IS NO OFF KEY If the instrument remains inactive for 15 seconds after you press any parameter key user adjustable up to 75 seconds the instrument turns itself off The instrument turns itself off after 60 seconds of inactivity in CAL mode 3 minutes of inactivity in each...

Page 13: ...s MΩ A solution outside that range will only show in the display c TDS Key A press of displays Total Dissolved Solids with units on the right This is a display of the concentration of ionized material calculated from compensated conductivity using the characteristics of a known material On the left is shown solution type selected for TDS ref Solution Selection pg 23 3 Alkalinity Hardness and LSI K...

Page 14: ...ty TDS or pH a press of allows you to enter the calibration mode Once in CAL mode a press of this key accepts the new value If no more calibration options follow the instrument returns to measuring ref Leaving Calibration pg 27 If is held down for about 3 seconds CAL mode is not entered but SEL appears to allow Solution Selection ref pg 23 with the UP or DOWN keys As in calibration the CAL key is ...

Page 15: ...solution a pH 4 Buffer Solution or a saturated solution of table salt and tap water until pH Storage Solution is obtained NEVER use distilled water If all ORP solutions are reporting approximately the same value clean ONLY the platinum ORP electrode with an MLC ORP conditioner soaked cotton swab being careful not to touch the swab to the glass bulb of the pH sensor V SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED MEASURING...

Page 16: ...tice pushing in and letting up on the pipette to feel the different positions a To DRAW a sample Grasp the pipette by the shaft with your hand Rest your thumb on top of the plunger button Use your thumb to depress the top of the pipette to the FIRST STOP Insert the tip end down into sample until only the tip is submerged about 2 3mm 1 8 Slowly release the top and let it return to the REST position...

Page 17: ...entered over the mouth of the cell extender When the T plunger is completely out of solution tap the T plunger on the inside rim of the cell extender to dispel any clinging solution back into the cell Remove the T plunger completely from the cell area 3 Mixing Solution in Cell a Agitate When the display says to agitate AGit Grasp the instrument on both sides of the keypad keypad facing up with you...

Page 18: ...lution Conductivity instead E Measuring Alkalinity Prepare the materials required for titration Reagent A1 cell extender T plunger and 100µL pipette with a clean tip installed NOTE If you do not complete each titration point within the 3 minute timeout period the unit exits the Alkalinity function Start the titration process over If you make a gross error in your titration method e g you forget to...

Page 19: ...y Press CAL to continue 11 AGit t1 flashes on the screen Agitate to mix the sample When agitation is done tap the cell extender cap to dispel any solution clinging to the cap back into the cell Press CAL to continue The number after t indicates which titration point you are on The number 1 here indicates this is the first titration point Subsequent titration points are sequenced numerically 2 3 4 ...

Page 20: ...H5 cell extender T plunger 100µL pipette with a clean tip installed and one extra clean tip NOTE If you do not complete each titration point within the 3 minute timeout period the unit exits the Hardness function Start the titration process over 1 Ensure pH protective cap is secure to avoid contamination 2 Install the cell extender by pushing the base of the cell extender into the conductivity cel...

Page 21: ...eter steady until Add alternating with EdtA displays Open the cell extender cap carefully to avoid spilling and use the pipette to add 100µL of EDTA B HC or EDTA B LC as indicated on the display Close the cell extender cap securely Press CAL to continue 13 AGit t1 flashes on the screen Agitate to mix the sample When agitation is done tap the cell extender cap to dispel any solution clinging to the...

Page 22: ... Perform an alkalinity titration of the sample solution ref Measuring Alkalinity pg 14 Press MS to store the reading in memory 2 Perform a hardness titration of the sample solution ref Measuring Hardness pg 16 Press MS to store the reading in memory 3 Measure the pH of the sample solution ref Measuring pH pg 19 Press MS to store the reading in memory 4 Press 5 The last stored alkalinity value is d...

Page 23: ...o accept hardness value and advance to the pH value screen Either the last stored value or the default value of 7 20 is displayed 7 Press UP or DOWN to adjust the pH value or leave as displayed 8 Press CAL to accept pH value and advance to the temperature value screen Either the last stored value taken from the last stored hardness or alkalinity titration or the default value of 25 ºC is displayed...

Page 24: ...lorine FAC are the two most commonly used sanitizer units of measure in water quality management 1 ORP FCE Mode Selection The Ultrameter III allows the user to choose between measuring oxidizing sanitizers using either ORP mV or as parts per million ppm of equivalent free chlorine Use ORP to directly measure the oxidizing power of all sanitizers like ozone bromine peracetic acid or chlorine Use FC...

Page 25: ...easurement techniques are unique to each type of sample For best results use the FCE Flow Method or the FCE Immersion Method For discrete samples follow the FCE Flow method but instead of a running stream rinse the conductivity cell cup and pH sensor well three times then fill with the sample to be tested Read through Section 4 FCE Best Practices before you begin 1 Prepare for FCE Measurement 1 Fo...

Page 26: ...FCE are Out of Range Or 8 Press MS to store reading in memory if desired 3 FCE Immersion Method NOTE Use this method for pools spas and other large standing bodies of water 1 Hold instrument beneath the surface of the water to avoid surface effects on the water s chemistry 2 Swirl the instrument around for at least 10 seconds to thoroughly rinse the conductivity cell cup and pH sensor well 3 Conti...

Page 27: ...on to TDS pg 59 B The 4 Solution Types On the left side of the display is the salt solution characteristic used to model temperature compensation of conductivity and its TDS conversion Generally using KCl for conductivity NaCl for resistivity and 442TM Natural Water characteristic for TDS will reflect present industry practice for standardization This is how your instrument is shipped from the fac...

Page 28: ...d KCl NaCl 442TM or User 4 Press to accept new solution type E Application of User Solution Type 1 User Programmable Temperature Compensation Tempco This feature allows you to change your Ultrameter III s temperature compensation factor to another factor between 0 9 99 C ref Temperature Compensation pg 56 This feature does not apply to pH or ORP a As in Procedure to Select a Solution above select ...

Page 29: ... TDS mode Temperature compensation is now disabled 0 for measurements in User mode 3 User Programmable Conductivity to TDS Ratio This feature allows you to select a custom conductivity to TDS conversion ratio within the range of 0 20 7 99 for User mode measurements To determine the conversion ratio for a custom solution of known TDS ppm value measure the solution conductivity at 25ºC with the Ultr...

Page 30: ...with the new conductivity TDS ratio VII CALIBRATION A Calibration Intervals Generally calibration is recommended about once per month with Conductivity or TDS solutions Calibration with pH solutions should be checked twice a month Calibration of ORP is not necessary ref CALIBRATION INTERVALS TABLE under Calibration Steps pg 26 B Rules for Calibration of the Ultrameter III 1 Calibration Steps The f...

Page 31: ...s now changeable The reading is changed with the and keys to match the known value The calibration for each of the 4 solution types may be performed in either conductivity or TDS mode Once in CAL mode the key becomes an ACCEPT key for the new calibration For pH at each point pressing accepts the new calibration value and steps you to the next adjustment To bypass a calibration simply press to acce...

Page 32: ...vity or TDS Calibration a Rinse conductivity cell 3 times with proper standard KCl NaCl or 442TM ref Cond TDS Standard Solutions pg 54 For user calibration see User Calibration Conductivity TDS below b Refill conductivity cell with same standard KCl 7000 shown c Press or then press CAL icon will appear on the display see Figure 5 d Press or to step the displayed value toward the standard s value 7...

Page 33: ... This FAC value is the same for all Ultrameter IIIs and returns you to a known state without solution in the cell The FAC internal electronics calibration which bypasses the electrodes and cell is not intended to replace calibration with conductivity TDS standard solutions If another solution type requires resetting change solution type and repeat this procedure a Press or b Press If in User solut...

Page 34: ...e cell extender 6 Rotate the T plunger from side to side allowing the arms of the T plunger to slide along the rim of the cell extender 7 Carefully remove the T plunger so as not to flick or spill remaining sample Tap the T plunger on the inside rim of the cell extender to remove sample that may be stuck to the T plunger 8 Press AL alternating with tdS briefly displays along with the PPM value of ...

Page 35: ...ous wet calibra tion adjustments 16 Press CAL to accept The unit will automatically power off 6 Hardness Calibration Prepare the materials required for titration Hardness Standard Solution 200PPM Reagent HB Reagent H4 or Reagent H5 cell extender T plunger 100µL pipette with a clean tip installed and one extra clean tip NOTE If you do not complete each titration point within the 3 minute timeout pe...

Page 36: ...y solution clinging to the cap back into the cell Press CAL to continue 12 HOLd displays Keep holding the meter steady until Add alternating with EdtA displays Open the cell extender cap carefully to avoid spilling and use the pipette to add 100µL of EDTA B HC or EDTA B LC as indicated on the display Close the cell extender cap securely Press CAL to continue 13 AGit t1 flashes on the screen Agitat...

Page 37: ...e the uncalibrated sensor NOTE If a wrong buffer is added outside of 6 8 pH 7 and BUFFER will flash and the Ultrameter III will not adjust The uncalibrated pH value displayed in Step 4 will assist in determining the accuracy of the pH sensor If the pH reading is above 8 with pH 7 buffer solution the sensor well needs additional rinsing or the pH sensor is defective and needs to be replaced 5 Press...

Page 38: ... will verify that a buffer is in the sensor well by displaying either Acd or bAS 1 The pH calibration mode is initiated by either completion of the pH Zero Calibration or verifying 7 buffer and pressing the key twice while in pH measurement mode 2 At this point the CAL BUFFER and Acd or bAS annunciators will be displayed see Figures 7 and 8 Figure 8 pH BUFFER CAL NOTE If the Acd and bAS indicators...

Page 39: ...re calibration is not necessary in the Ultrameter III VIII CALIBRATION INTERVALS There is no simple answer as to how often one should calibrate an instrument The Ultrameter III is designed to not require frequent recalibration The most common sources of error were eliminated in the design and there are no mechanical adjustments Still to ensure specified accuracy any instrument must be checked agai...

Page 40: ...ity cell D pH and ORP Free Chlorine Equivalent Practices to Maintain Calibration 1 The sensor well must be kept wet Before replacing the rubber cap rinse and fill the sensor well with Myron L pH Sensor Storage Solution Although not ideal if Myron L Storage Solution is not available you can temporarily use a strong KCl solution a pH 4 Buffer Solution or a saturated solution of table salt and tap wa...

Page 41: ...ement key to leave memory recall or allow to automatically turn off C Clearing a Record Memory Clear After recalling a certain record location press and HOLD to clear that memory This space will be the place for the next memory record unless you scroll to another empty position before ending the recall sequence The next memory stored will go into the next highest available memory location Example ...

Page 42: ...and DATE The Time and Date may easily be changed as you travel A Setting TIME Time is always displayed in 24 hour time Example shown in Figure 11 16 05 equals 4 05 PM 1 Press 2 Press until the time is displayed scrolling through stored readings PC OFF and CLr ALL to time e g 16 05 3 Press to initiate CAL will be displayed along with the time see Figure 11 4 Press or to change the time ...

Page 43: ...t pg 40 1 Press 2 Press repeatedly until the date is displayed scrolling through stored readings PC OFF CLr ALL and time to the date e g 01 23 12 Figure 12 January 23 2012 3 Press to initiate CAL will be displayed along with the YEAR see Figure 13 Figure 13 CAL 4 Press or to change the YEAR 5 Press to accept the change new year 6 Press or to change the month 7 Press to accept the change new month ...

Page 44: ...new day see Figure 15 Figure 15 CAL C DATE FORMAT US International Int 1 Press 2 Press repeatedly until the format is displayed scrolling through stored readings PC OFF CLr ALL time and date to date format 3 Press to change Display will now indicate other format see Figures 16 17 ...

Page 45: ... preference for all temperature readings NOTE Tempco will still be shown in C XII TOTAL RETURN to FACTORY SETTINGS FAC SEL There may come a time when it would be desirable to quickly reset all the recorded calibration values in the instrument back to the factory settings This might be to ensure all calibrations are set to a known value or to give the instrument to someone else free of adjustments ...

Page 46: ...f the display is showing 00 when the cell cup is dry the sensor is probably clean However when testing high purity water in resistivity RES mode improved accuracy may be desired No matter what a manufacturer claims a sensor can and will become contaminated or coated and therefore require cleaning A true 4 wire sensor as in the Ultrameter III helps to mitigate contamination but NO SENSOR IS 100 IMM...

Page 47: ... to adjust the time the instrument is ON up to 75 seconds after each press of a key Default time is 15 seconds with 60 seconds in CAL calibration mode 1 Press 2 Press to display the stored memory records 3 Press repeatedly until you pass the CELL ch location The display will show Auto oFF see Figure 24 4 Press to initiate CAL will be displayed along with 15 SEC or current Auto oFF value see Figure...

Page 48: ...tion methods It is recommended that this function be used to provide the highest degree of confidence when the Ultrameter III is used in User mode When Linc is used the User mode is linked to another standard i e if User and KCl are linked a KCI standard solution is used to calibrate the instrument It is that simple A Calibration of Ultrameter III for use in User mode 1 Press or key 2 Calibrate th...

Page 49: ...er mode Calibration Linc pg 46 Follow the steps below to set either the KCl NaCl or 442TM calibration factor to the User solution mode 1 Press measurement key desired to be Linked i e or 2 Place the Ultrameter III in User mode ref SOLUTION SELECTION pg 23 for selecting the User mode 3 Press arrow key until the menu Linc appears see Figure 27 4 Press key The instrument will display SEL and the User...

Page 50: ... mode will now use the calibration gain constant used for the calibration of the Standard Solution as outlined above C Canceling User mode Calibration Linc The Ultrameter III must be in User linked mode in order to cancel the Linc ref Solution Selection pg 23 1 Press Linked measurement key or Two solution icons will be shown in the left side of display User and another e g KCl 2 Press key until th...

Page 51: ...es not include the bluDock option BD you may purchase the Myron L bluDock accessory package Model BLUDOCK Package includes Ultrameter III hardware modification that allows the unit to communicate wirelessly with a personal computer configured for wireless device communication Package includes the bluDocksoftware Guardian2 that will operate on Windows 7 or later macOS 10 13 or later based computer ...

Page 52: ...ntarily be displayed while initializing see Figure 32 4 The bluDock device will appear as MyronL XXXX in your computer s Bluetooth devices list While pairing with the bluDockdevice it will ask for the pin THE BLUDOCK DEVICE PIN IS 1234 5 After pairing note the bluDock number for your device MyronL XXXX For complete instructions see the Guardian2 Operation Manual for your computer operating system ...

Page 53: ... com 4 Turn off Ultrameter III PC download mode by selecting any measurement function Failure to do so will reduce battery life XVII CARE and MAINTENANCE Ultrameter IIIs should be rinsed with clean water after use Solvents should be avoided Do not drop throw or otherwise strike the instrument Shock damage may cause instrument failure A Temperature Extremes Solutions in excess of 71 C 160 F should ...

Page 54: ...an water following use will prevent buildup on electrodes However if very dirty samples particularly scaling types are allowed to dry in the cell cup a film will form This film reduces accuracy When there are visible films of oil dirt or scale in the cell cup or on the electrodes use isopropyl alcohol or a foaming non abrasive household cleaner Rinse out the cleaner and your Ultrameter III is agai...

Page 55: ...eriods of time is harmful and will cause damage Rinse such liquids from the pH ORP sensor well and refill it with Myron L Storage Solution to extend the useful life of the sensor Samples containing chlorine sulfur or ammonia can poison any pH electrode If it is necessary to measure the pH of any such sample thoroughly rinse the sensor well with clean water immediately after taking the measurement ...

Page 56: ...ted Unstable Conductivity TDS Resistivity readings 1 Dirty electrodes 2 Actual resistance is changing due to atmospheric contamination Unable to calibrate Conductivity TDS Film or deposits on electrodes Resistivity readings much lower than expected 1 Contamination from previous sample or from pH sensor well 2 Carbon dioxide in test sample Alkalinity or Hardness titration with calibration solution ...

Page 57: ...ore measurement Ensure pH cap is snugly in place 2 See Measuring Resistivity pg 14 1 Repeat titration 2 Clean cell cup and electrodes Ref Cleaning Sensors pg 50 3 Clean pipette per manufacturer s instructions 4 Use a new pipette 5 Use fresh solutions Be sure to use a new tip for each type of reagent used Check the ORP sensor function Take an ORP reading of Myron L pH ORP Sensor Storage Solution re...

Page 58: ... bicarbonate and 20 sodium chloride which represent the three predominant components anions in freshwater This salt ratio has conductivity characteristics approximating fresh natural waters and was developed by the Myron L Company over five decades ago It is used around the world for measuring both conductivity and TDS in drinking water ground water lakes streams etc 3000 ppm is the recommended st...

Page 59: ... concentration 10 WV solution of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA required for hardness titration Order EDTA B HC D pH Buffer Solutions pH buffers are available in pH values of 4 7 and 10 Myron L Company buffer solutions are traceable to NIST certified pH references and are color coded for instant identification They are also mold inhibited and accurate to within 0 01 pH units 25 C Order 4 7 o...

Page 60: ...k Wireless Data Transfer Accessory Package This accessory allows the operator to download the Ultrameter III memory stack to a spreadsheet on a computer The package includes bluDock modified circuit board to be installed inside the unit software installation and operating instructions Model BLUDOCK XX TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Tempco of Aqueous Solutions Electrical conductivity indicates solution c...

Page 61: ... and temperature instead of single average values See Chart 1 C An Example of 2 different solution selections and the resulting compensation How much error results from treating natural water as if it were KCl at 15 C A tap water solution should be compensated as 442TM with a tempco of 1 68 C where the KCl value used would be 1 90 C Suppose a measurement at 15 C 59 F is 900 microsiemens of true un...

Page 62: ...or stay close to 25 C Users who have standardized to KCl based compensation may want to stick with it regardless of increasing error as you get further from 25 C The Ultrameter III will provide the repeatability and convertibility of data necessary for relative values for process control E Other Solutions A salt solution like seawater or liquid fertilizer acts like NaCl An internal correction for ...

Page 63: ...ta derived from chemical tables Any dissolved salt at a known temperature has a known ratio of conductivity to concentration Tables of conversion ratios referenced to 25 C have been published by chemists for decades B Solution Characteristics Real world applications have to measure a wide range of materials and mixtures of electrolyte solutions To address this problem industrial users commonly use...

Page 64: ...rivation below details the User mode XXII TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Tempco and TDS DERIVATION The Ultrameter III contains internal algorithms for characteristics of the 3 most commonly referenced compounds The solution type in use is displayed on the left Besides KCl NaCl and 442TM there is the User choice The benefit of User mode is that one may enter the tempco and TDS conversion values of a uniq...

Page 65: ...ol a sample of the solution to 25 C and measure its conductivity Change the temperature to a typical measuring temperature Set the tempco to an expected value as in User Programmable Temperature Compensation pg 25 See if the compensated value is the same as the 25 C value If not raise or lower the tempco and measure again until the 25 C value is read C Finding the TDS Ratio of an Unknown Solution ...

Page 66: ...balance would be 10 7 mol liter H and OH ions in a neutral solution where pH sensors give 0 voltage pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration Where H concentration falls below 10 7 solutions are less acidic than neutral and therefore are alkaline A concentration of 10 9 mol liter of H would have 100 times less H ions than OH ions and be called an alkaline solution of pH...

Page 67: ...lifetime of a pH junction from depletion of solution inside the reference junction or from contamination The junction may be damaged if dried out because insoluble crystals may form in a layer obstructing contact with test solutions 4 The Myron L Integral pH Sensor The sensor in the Ultrameter III see Figure 34 is a single construction in an easily replaceable package The sensor body holds an over...

Page 68: ... as an Indicator ORP is the measurement of the ratio of oxidizing activity to reducing activity in a solution It is the potential of a solution to give up electrons oxidize other things or gain electrons reduce Like acidity and alkalinity the increase of one is at the expense of the other so a single voltage is called the Oxidation Reduction Potential with a positive voltage showing a solution wan...

Page 69: ...y disinfectant but also to establish a sufficient residual level of Free Available Chlorine FAC for ongoing disinfection FAC is the chlorine that remains after a certain amount is consumed by killing bacteria or reacting with other organic ammonia fecal matter or inorganic metals dissolved CO2 Carbonates etc chemicals in solution Measuring the amount of residual free chlorine in treated water is a...

Page 70: ...ations The 9P uses a conductometric method of titration This means that instead of measuring a color or pH change it measures the change in conductivity when reagent is added The endpoint is determined based on the conductivity changes and then the alkalinity hardness is calculated based on the total volume of titrant consumed For hardness titration the sample conductivity must be 10 000 uS cm in ...

Page 71: ...CTION for hardness unit preference selection The hardness unit preference is set simultaneously for both functions that capture a hardness value That means when you set the unit preference in Hardness Function it is set for the LSI Calculator function at the same time The LSI Calculator allows you to calculate with either ppm or grains as hardness units The hardness unit conversion is based on the...

Page 72: ... Units pg 62 ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential or REDOX See ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential REDOX pg 64 REDOX An abbreviation for Reduction Oxidation reactions Reaction This is the basic electrochemical process by which chlorine destroys microbes by grabbing electrons from the microbe s proteins denaturing the protein and killing the organism ORP directly measures the strength of a solutions RED...

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